1
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Riley BC, Stansbury LG, Roubik DJ, Hasan RA, Hess JR. Intentional transfusion of expired blood products. Transfusion 2024; 64:733-741. [PMID: 38380889 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Riley
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lynn G Stansbury
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Daniel J Roubik
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Surgery, Madigan Army Medical Center, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington, USA
| | - Rida A Hasan
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John R Hess
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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2
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Skrajewski-Schuler LA, Soule LD, Geiger M, Spence D. UPLC-MS/MS method for quantitative determination of the advanced glycation endproducts Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine and Nε-(carboxyethyl)lysine. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:6698-6705. [PMID: 38047493 PMCID: PMC10720951 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01817b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
During blood storage, red blood cells (RBCs) undergo physical, chemical, and metabolic changes that may contribute to post-transfusion complications. Due to the hyperglycemic environment of typical solutions used for RBC storage, the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) on the stored RBCs has been implicated as a detrimental chemical change during storage. Unfortunately, there are limited studies involving quantitative determination and differentiation of carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) and carboxyethyl-lysine (CEL), two commonly formed AGEs, and no reported studies comparing these AGEs in experimental storage solutions. In this study, CML and CEL were identified and quantified on freshly drawn blood samples in two types of storage solutions, standard additive solution 1 (AS-1) and a normoglycemic version of AS-1 (AS-1N). To facilitate detection of the AGEs, a novel method was developed to reliably extract AGEs from RBCs, provide Food and Drug Administration (FDA) bioanalytical guidance criteria, and enable acceptable selectivity for these analytes. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was utilized to identify and quantify the AGEs. Results show this method is accurate, precise, has minimal interferences or matrix effects, and overcomes the issue of detecting AGE byproducts. Importantly, AGEs can be detected and quantified in both types of blood storage solutions (AS-1 and AS-1N), thereby enabling long-term (6 weeks) blood storage related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Skrajewski-Schuler
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Logan D Soule
- Institute for Quantitative Health, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Morgan Geiger
- Institute for Quantitative Health, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Dana Spence
- Institute for Quantitative Health, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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3
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Basavarajegowda A, Balasubramanyam P, Hanumanthappa N, Ram A, Negi V. Storage lesions after irradiation: Comparison between blood stored in citrate phosphate dextrose adenine and saline adenine glucose mannitol. GLOBAL JOURNAL OF TRANSFUSION MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/gjtm.gjtm_4_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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4
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Lima-Oliveira G, Brennan-Bourdon LM, Varela B, Arredondo ME, Aranda E, Flores S, Ochoa P. Clot activators and anticoagulant additives for blood collection. A critical review on behalf of COLABIOCLI WG-PRE-LATAM. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2020; 58:207-224. [PMID: 33929278 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2020.1849008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In the clinical laboratory, knowledge of and the correct use of clot activators and anticoagulant additives are critical to preserve and maintain samples in optimal conditions prior to analysis. In 2017, the Latin America Confederation of Clinical Biochemistry (COLABIOCLI) commissioned the Latin American Working Group for Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE-LATAM) to study preanalytical variability and establish guidelines for preanalytical procedures to be applied by clinical laboratories and health care professionals. The aim of this critical review, on behalf of COLABIOCLI WG-PRE-LATAM, is to provide information to understand the mechanisms of the interactions and reactions that occur between blood and clot activators and anticoagulant additives inside evacuated tubes used for laboratory testing. Clot activators - glass, silica, kaolin, bentonite, and diatomaceous earth - work by surface dependent mechanism whereas extrinsic biomolecules - thrombin, snake venoms, ellagic acid, and thromboplastin - start in vitro coagulation when added to blood. Few manufacturers of evacuated tubes state the type and concentration of clot activators used in their products. With respect to anticoagulant additives, sodium citrate and oxalate complex free calcium and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid chelates calcium. Heparin potentiates antithrombin and hirudin binds to active thrombin, inactivating the thrombin irreversibly. Blood collection tubes have improved continually over the years, from the glass tubes containing clot activators or anticoagulant additives that were prepared by laboratory personnel to the current standardized evacuated systems that permit more precise blood/additive ratios. Each clot activator and anticoagulant additive demonstrates specific functionality, and both manufacturers of tubes and laboratory professional strive to provide suitable interference-free sample matrices for laboratory testing. Both manufacturers of in vitro diagnostic devices and laboratory professionals need to understand all aspects of venous blood sampling so that they do not underestimate the impact of tube additives on laboratory testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lima-Oliveira
- Latin American Working Group for Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE-LATAM), Latin America Confederation of Clinical Biochemistry (COLABIOCLI), Montevideo, Uruguay.,Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - L M Brennan-Bourdon
- Latin American Working Group for Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE-LATAM), Latin America Confederation of Clinical Biochemistry (COLABIOCLI), Montevideo, Uruguay.,Comisión Para la Protección Contra Riesgos Sanitarios del Estado de Jalisco (COPRISJAL), Secretaria de Salud, Guadalajara, México
| | - B Varela
- Latin American Working Group for Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE-LATAM), Latin America Confederation of Clinical Biochemistry (COLABIOCLI), Montevideo, Uruguay.,Quality Assurance, LAC, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M E Arredondo
- Latin American Working Group for Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE-LATAM), Latin America Confederation of Clinical Biochemistry (COLABIOCLI), Montevideo, Uruguay.,Management Area, Clinical Laboratory, BIONET S.A, Santiago, Chile
| | - E Aranda
- Latin American Working Group for Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE-LATAM), Latin America Confederation of Clinical Biochemistry (COLABIOCLI), Montevideo, Uruguay.,Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Hematology-Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Flores
- Latin American Working Group for Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE-LATAM), Latin America Confederation of Clinical Biochemistry (COLABIOCLI), Montevideo, Uruguay.,Clinical Laboratory, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - P Ochoa
- Latin American Working Group for Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE-LATAM), Latin America Confederation of Clinical Biochemistry (COLABIOCLI), Montevideo, Uruguay.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
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5
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Sui X, Wen C, Yang J, Guo H, Zhao W, Li Q, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Zhang L. Betaine Combined with Membrane Stabilizers Enables Solvent-Free Whole Blood Cryopreservation and One-Step Cryoprotectant Removal. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:1083-1091. [PMID: 33405798 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation of red blood cells (RBCs) is fundamentally important to modern transfusion medicine. Currently, organic solvent glycerol is utilized as the state-of-the-art cryoprotectant (CPA) for RBC cryopreservation. However, glycerol must be removed before RBC transfusion to avoid intravascular hemolysis via a time-consuming deglycerolization process with specialized equipment (e.g., ACP 215), thus limiting the clinical use of frozen RBCs. Herein, we report novel biocompatible CPA formulations combining betaine with membrane stabilizers (disaccharides or amino acids), which can achieve outstanding efficiency for RBC cryopreservation directly using whole blood without any separation process. Most importantly, because of the osmotic regulation capacity of betaine, a simple and fast one-step method can be used for CPA removal, which is significantly superior to the current multistep deglycerolization process. This work offers a promising solution for highly efficient and solvent-free RBC cryopreservation and holds great potential for improving the long-term storage and long-distance distribution of RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Sui
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.,Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.,Qingdao Institute for Marine Technology of Tianjin University, Qingdao 266235, People's Republic of China
| | - Chiyu Wen
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.,Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.,Qingdao Institute for Marine Technology of Tianjin University, Qingdao 266235, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.,Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.,Qingdao Institute for Marine Technology of Tianjin University, Qingdao 266235, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongshuang Guo
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.,Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.,Qingdao Institute for Marine Technology of Tianjin University, Qingdao 266235, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqiang Zhao
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.,Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.,Qingdao Institute for Marine Technology of Tianjin University, Qingdao 266235, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingsi Li
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.,Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.,Qingdao Institute for Marine Technology of Tianjin University, Qingdao 266235, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.,Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.,Qingdao Institute for Marine Technology of Tianjin University, Qingdao 266235, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingnan Zhu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.,Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.,Qingdao Institute for Marine Technology of Tianjin University, Qingdao 266235, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.,Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.,Qingdao Institute for Marine Technology of Tianjin University, Qingdao 266235, People's Republic of China
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6
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Buckley K, Atkins CG, Chen D, Schulze HG, Devine DV, Blades MW, Turner RFB. Non-invasive spectroscopy of transfusable red blood cells stored inside sealed plastic blood-bags. Analyst 2017; 141:1678-85. [PMID: 26844844 DOI: 10.1039/c5an02461g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
After being separated from (donated) whole blood, red blood cells are suspended in specially formulated additive solutions and stored (at 4 °C) in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) blood-bags until they are needed for transfusion. With time, the prepared red cell concentrate (RCC) is known to undergo biochemical changes that lower effectiveness of the transfusion, and thus regulations are in place that limit the storage period to 42 days. At present, RCC is not subjected to analytical testing prior to transfusion. In this study, we use Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SORS) to probe, non-invasively, the biochemistry of RCC inside sealed blood-bags. The retrieved spectra compare well with conventional Raman spectra (of sampled aliquots) and are dominated by features associated with hemoglobin. In addition to the analytical demonstration that SORS can be used to retrieve RCC spectra from standard clinical blood-bags without breaking the sterility of the system, the data reveal interesting detail about the oxygenation-state of the stored cells themselves, namely that some blood-bags unexpectedly contain measurable amounts of deoxygenated hemoglobin after weeks of storage. The demonstration that chemical information can be obtained non-invasively using spectroscopy will enable new studies of RCC degeneration, and points the way to a Raman-based instrument for quality-control in a blood-bank or hospital setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Buckley
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6 T 1Z4.
| | - C G Atkins
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6 T 1Z4. and Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6 T 1Z1.
| | - D Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6 T 2B5 and Centre for Blood Research, The University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6 T 1Z3
| | - H G Schulze
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6 T 1Z4.
| | - D V Devine
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6 T 2B5 and Centre for Blood Research, The University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6 T 1Z3
| | - M W Blades
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6 T 1Z1.
| | - R F B Turner
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6 T 1Z4. and Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6 T 1Z1. and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2332 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6 T 1Z4
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7
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Grau M, Friederichs P, Krehan S, Koliamitra C, Suhr F, Bloch W. Decrease in red blood cell deformability is associated with a reduction in RBC-NOS activation during storage. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2016; 60:215-29. [PMID: 24928922 DOI: 10.3233/ch-141850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
During storage, red blood cells (RBC) become more susceptible to hemolysis and it has also been shown that RBC deformability, which is influenced by RBC nitric oxide synthase (RBC-NOS) activity, decreases during blood storage while a correlation between these two parameters under storage conditions has not been investigated so far. Therefore, blood from 15 male volunteers was anticoagulated, leuko-reduced and stored as either concentrated RBC or RBC diluted in saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol (SAGM) for eight weeks at 4°C and results were compared to data obtained from freshly drawn blood. During storage, decrease of RBC deformability was related to increased mean cellular volume and increased cell lysis but also to a decrease in RBC-NOS activation. The changes were more pronounced in concentrated RBC than in RBC diluted in SAGM suggesting that the storage method affects the quality of blood. These data shed new light on mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of storage lesion and reveal that RBC-NOS activation and possibly nitric oxide production in RBC are key elements that are influenced by storage and in turn alter deformability. Further studies should therefore also focus on improving these parameters during storage to improve the quality of stored blood with respect to blood transfusion.
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8
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da SilveiraCavalcante L, Acker JP, Holovati JL. Differences in Rat and Human Erythrocytes Following Blood Component Manufacturing: The Effect of Additive Solutions. Transfus Med Hemother 2015. [PMID: 26195928 DOI: 10.1159/000371474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small animal models have been previously used in transfusion medicine studies to evaluate the safety of blood transfusion products. Although there are multiple studies on the effects of blood banking practices on human red blood cells (RBCs), little is known about the effect of blood component manufacturing on the quality of rat RBCs. METHODS Blood from Sprague-Dawley rats and human volunteers (n = 6) was collected in CPD anticoagulant, resuspended in SAGM or AS3, and leukoreduced. In vitro quality was analyzed, including deformability, aggregation, microvesiculation, phosphatidylserine (PS) expression, percent hemolysis, ATP, 2,3-DPG, osmotic fragility, and potassium concentrations. RESULTS Compared to human RBCs, rat RBCs had decreased deformability, membrane rigidity, aggregability, and microvesiculation after component manufacturing process. Rat RBCs in SAGM showed higher hemolysis compared to human RBCs in SAGM (rat 4.70 ± 0.83% vs. human 0.34 ± 0.07%; p = 0.002). Rat RBCs in AS3 had greater deformability and rigidity than in SAGM. The number of microparticles/µl and the percentage PS expression were lower in rat RBCs in AS3 than in rat RBCs in SAGM. Hemolysis was also significantly lower in AS3 compared to SAGM (2.21 ± 0.68% vs. 0.87 ± 0.39%; p = 0.028). CONCLUSION Rat RBCs significantly differ from human RBCs in metabolic and membrane-related aspects. SAGM, which is commonly used for human RBC banking, causes high hemolysis and is not compatible with rat RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana da SilveiraCavalcante
- Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Edmonton, AB, Canada ; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jason P Acker
- Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Edmonton, AB, Canada ; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jelena L Holovati
- Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Edmonton, AB, Canada ; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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9
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Flatt JF, Bawazir WM, Bruce LJ. The involvement of cation leaks in the storage lesion of red blood cells. Front Physiol 2014; 5:214. [PMID: 24987374 PMCID: PMC4060409 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stored blood components are a critical life-saving tool provided to patients by health services worldwide. Red cells may be stored for up to 42 days, allowing for efficient blood bank inventory management, but with prolonged storage comes an unwanted side-effect known as the "storage lesion", which has been implicated in poorer patient outcomes. This lesion is comprised of a number of processes that are inter-dependent. Metabolic changes include a reduction in glycolysis and ATP production after the first week of storage. This leads to an accumulation of lactate and drop in pH. Longer term damage may be done by the consequent reduction in anti-oxidant enzymes, which contributes to protein and lipid oxidation via reactive oxygen species. The oxidative damage to the cytoskeleton and membrane is involved in increased vesiculation and loss of cation gradients across the membrane. The irreversible damage caused by extensive membrane loss via vesiculation alongside dehydration is likely to result in immediate splenic sequestration of these dense, spherocytic cells. Although often overlooked in the literature, the loss of the cation gradient in stored cells will be considered in more depth in this review as well as the possible effects it may have on other elements of the storage lesion. It has now become clear that blood donors can exhibit quite large variations in the properties of their red cells, including microvesicle production and the rate of cation leak. The implications for the quality of stored red cells from such donors is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna F Flatt
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant Bristol, UK
| | - Waleed M Bawazir
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant Bristol, UK ; School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
| | - Lesley J Bruce
- Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences, NHS Blood and Transplant Bristol, UK
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10
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Kishore BK, Zhang Y, Gevorgyan H, Kohan DE, Schiedel AC, Müller CE, Peti-Peterdi J. Cellular localization of adenine receptors in the rat kidney and their functional significance in the inner medullary collecting duct. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F1298-305. [PMID: 23986514 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00254.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The Gi-coupled adenine receptor (AdeR) binds adenine with high affinity and potentially reduces cellular cAMP levels. Since cAMP is an important second messenger in the renal transport of water and solutes, we localized AdeR in the rat kidney. Real-time RT-PCR showed higher relative expression of AdeR mRNA in the cortex and outer medulla compared with the inner medulla. Immunoblots using a peptide-derived and affinity-purified rabbit polyclonal antibody specific for an 18-amino acid COOH-terminal sequence of rat AdeR, which we generated, detected two bands between ∼30 and 40 kDa (molecular mass of native protein: 37 kDa) in the cortex, outer medulla, and inner medulla. These bands were ablated by preadsorption of the antibody with the immunizing peptide. Immunofluorescence labeling showed expression of AdeR protein in all regions of the kidney. Immunoperoxidase revealed strong labeling of AdeR protein in the cortical vasculature, including the glomerular arterioles, and less intense labeling in the cells of the collecting duct system. Confocal immunofluorescence imaging colocalized AdeR with aquaporin-2 protein to the apical plasma membrane in the collecting duct. Functionally, adenine (10 μM) significantly decreased (P < 0.01) 1-deamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin (10 nM)-induced cAMP production in ex vivo preparations of inner medullary collecting ducts, which was reversed by PSB-08162 (20 μM, P < 0.01), a selective antagonist of AdeR. Thus, we demonstrated the expression of AdeR in the renal vasculature and collecting ducts and its functional relevance. This study may open a new avenue for the exploration of autocrine/paracrine regulation of renal vascular and tubular functions by the nucleobase adenine in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bellamkonda K Kishore
- Nephrology Research (151M Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, 500 Foothill Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84148.
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11
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Red blood cell storage in SAGM and AS3: a comparison through the membrane two-dimensional electrophoresis proteome. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2012; 10 Suppl 2:s46-54. [PMID: 22890268 DOI: 10.2450/2012.008s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SAGM is currently the standard additive solution used in Europe, while AS-3 is the third additive solution that has been licensed in the USA, and is also the one used in part of Canada. Although AS-3 is based on a saline-adenine-glucose solution, it also contains citrate and phosphate. Storage of red blood cell concentrates in CPD-SAGM is known to lead to the accumulation of a wide series of storage lesions, including membrane protein fragmentation and vesiculation, as we could previously determine through 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Through 2D-SDS-IEF-polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis we performed a time course analysis (day 0, 21 and 42 of storage) of red blood cell membranes from leukocyte-filtered concentrates either stored in CPD-SAGM or CP2D-AS-3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION From the present study it emerges that the membrane protein profile of red blood cells stored in presence of AS-3 appears to be slightly different from (better than) previous reports on SAGM-stored counterparts. However, the increase of total membrane spot number due to the presence of fragments at day 21 and the significant decrease at day 42 are suggestive of a universal phenomenon which is not efficiently tackled by either of the two additive solutions investigated in the present study. CONCLUSION To further delve into the storage lesion issue for RBCs stored in AS-3, it would be interesting in the future to assay metabolic changes over storage progression as well.
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12
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Antonelou MH, Kriebardis AG, Stamoulis KE, Economou-Petersen E, Margaritis LH, Papassideri IS. Red blood cell aging markers during storage in citrate-phosphate-dextrose-saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol. Transfusion 2009; 50:376-89. [PMID: 19874562 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02449.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that red blood cell (RBC) senescence is accelerated under blood bank conditions, although neither protein profile of RBC aging nor the impact of additive solutions on it have been studied in detail. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS RBCs and vesicles derived from RBCs in both citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD)-saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol (SAGM) and citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine (CPDA) were evaluated for the expression of cell senescence markers (vesiculation, protein aggregation, degradation, activation, oxidation, and topology) through immunoblotting technique and immunofluorescence or immunoelectron microscopy study. RESULTS A group of cellular stress proteins exhibited storage time- and storage medium-related changes in their membrane association and exocytosis. The extent, the rate, and the expression of protein oxidation, Fas oligomerization, caspase activation, and protein modifications in Band 3, hemoglobin, and immunoglobulin G were less conspicuous and/or exhibited significant time retardation under storage in CPD-SAGM, compared to the CPDA storage. There was evidence for the localization of activated caspases near to the membrane of both cells and vesicles. CONCLUSIONS We provide circumstantial evidence for a lower protein oxidative damage in CPD-SAGM-stored RBCs compared to the CPDA-stored cells. The different expression patterns of the senescence markers in the RBCs seem to be accordingly related to the oxidative stress management of the cells. We suggest that the storage of RBCs in CPD-SAGM might be more alike the in vivo RBC aging process, compared to storage in CPDA, since it is characterized by a slower stimulation of the recognition signaling pathways that are already known to trigger the erythrophagocytosis of senescent RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna H Antonelou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens, Greece
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Podlosky L, Poirier A, Nahirniak S, Clarke G, Acker JP. Viability of AS-3 and SAG-M red cells stored in plastic syringes for pediatric transfusion. Transfusion 2008; 48:1300-7. [PMID: 18363582 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01667.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric patients may require small-volume transfusions necessitating splitting of red cell (RBC) units. This process usually involves temporary storage of aliquots in pediatric blood bags or, in some cases, plastic syringes, until they are transfused. While many studies have been published on the efficacy of storage in blood bags, there is little evidence to show that RBCs are safe and effective for transfusion after separation into plastic syringe aliquots. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Donor RBC units, stored in either SAG-M (n = 10) or AS-3 additive (n = 11), were split into transfer bags and plastic syringes and stored at either 4 degrees C or room temperature (RT). Half of the aliquots were also irradiated at 25 Gy. RBCs were monitored after 0, 4, and 24 hours of storage with the following variables to assess cellular function and viability: adenosine triphosphate, percent hemolysis, hematocrit, pH, lactate dehydrogenase, extracellular potassium, sodium, and RBC indices. RESULTS There was no difference found between irradiated and nonirradiated aliquots or aliquots stored in the refrigerator versus those stored at RT. Significant differences between aliquots stored in approved transfer bags and those stored in syringes were not identified. CONCLUSIONS Irradiation and storage of aliquoted RBCs demonstrated expected but not significant changes in the in vitro variables. Storage for up to 24 hours in syringes does not have a greater detrimental effect on RBCs than storage in transfer bags, making products stored in either container safe for transfusion to pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Podlosky
- The Capital Health/Stollery Children's and University of Alberta Hospitals, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Zimrin AB, Hess JR. Planning for pandemic influenza: effect of a pandemic on the supply and demand for blood products in the United States. Transfusion 2007; 47:1071-9. [PMID: 17524099 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01225.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza causes episodic pandemics when viral antigens shift in ways that elude herd immunity. Avian influenza A H5N1, currently epizootic in bird populations in Asia and Europe, appears to have pandemic potential. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The virology of influenza, the history of the 1918 pandemic, and the structure of the health care and the blood transfusion systems are briefly reviewed. Morbidity and mortality experience from the 1918 pandemic are projected onto the current health care structure to predict points of failure that are likely in a modern pandemic. RESULTS Blood donor centers are likely to experience loss of donors, workers, and reliable transport of specimens to national testing laboratories and degradation of response times from national testing labs. Transfusion services are likely to experience critical losses of workers and of reagent red cells (RBCs) that will make their automated procedures unworkable. Loss of medical directors, supervisors, and lead technicians may make alternative procedures unworkable as well. CONCLUSIONS Lower blood collection capacity and transfusion service support capability will reduce the availability of RBCs and especially of platelets. Plans for rationing medical care need to take the vulnerability of the blood transfusion system into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann B Zimrin
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
Anticoagulant and nutrient solutions allow red blood cells to be stored and transported, enabling modern blood banking. The development of these solutions has been slow, covering 90 years, and the reasons for past formulations are best understood in a historical context. Modern red cell storage solutions work well for blood banks, allowing 5-7-week storage, which means more than 90% of collected units find a recipient. Improved scientific understanding of the red cell storage lesion has shown a way to make even better storage solutions, which maintain red cell metabolism and reduce membrane loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Hess
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 20817, USA.
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Abstract
Preservation and long-term storage of red blood cells (RBCs) is needed to ensure a readily available, safe blood supply for transfusion medicine. Effective preservation procedures are required at various steps in the production of a RBC product including testing, inventory, quality control, and product distribution. Biopreservation is the process of maintaining the integrity and functionality of cells held outside the native environment for extended storage times. The biopreservation of RBCs for clinical use can be categorized based on the techniques used to achieve biologic stability and ensure a viable state after long-term storage. This paper will review the history, science, current practices, and emerging technologies of current RBC biopreservation approaches: hypothermic storage, cryopreservation, and lyophilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirby L Scott
- Canadian Blood Services, Research and Development, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton
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Gewinnung, Konservierung, Lagerung von Transfusionsblut. TRANSFUSIONSMEDIZIN 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-10599-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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