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Lai W, Huang R, Wang B, Shi M, Guo F, Li L, Ren Q, Tao S, Fu P, Ma L. Novel aspect of neprilysin in kidney fibrosis via ACSL4-mediated ferroptosis of tubular epithelial cells. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e330. [PMID: 37457659 PMCID: PMC10349188 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Although inhibition of neprilysin (NEP) might be a therapeutic strategy with the potential to improve the outcome of chronic kidney disease (CKD), the versatile function of NEP with its mechanism remains obscure in kidney fibrosis. In the study, we found that NEP was abnormally increased in tubular epithelial cells of CKD patients, as well as unilateral ureteral obstruction and adenine diet-induced mice. Treatment with a United States Food and Drug Administration-approved NEP inhibitor Sacubitrilat (LBQ657) could alleviate ferroptosis, tubular injury, and delay the progression of kidney fibrosis in experimental mice. Similarly, genetic knockdown of NEP also inhibited tubular injury and fibrosis in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 -induced tubular cells. Mechanically, NEP overexpression aggravated the ferroptotic and fibrotic phenotype, which was restored by acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) knockdown. The NEP silencing attenuated TGF-β1-induced tubular cell ferroptosis and was exacerbated by ACSL4 overexpression. Collectively, for the first time, a novel aspect of NEP was explored in kidney fibrosis through ACSL4-mediated tubular epithelial cell ferroptosis. Our data further confirmed that NEP inhibition exerted a promising therapeutic against fibrotic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Lai
- Department of NephrologyKidney Research InstituteWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of NephrologyClinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical CollegeChengduChina
| | - Rongshuang Huang
- Department of NephrologyKidney Research InstituteWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of NephrologyKidney Research InstituteWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Min Shi
- Department of NephrologyKidney Research InstituteWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Fan Guo
- Department of NephrologyKidney Research InstituteWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lingzhi Li
- Department of NephrologyKidney Research InstituteWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qian Ren
- Department of NephrologyKidney Research InstituteWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Sibei Tao
- Department of NephrologyKidney Research InstituteWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ping Fu
- Department of NephrologyKidney Research InstituteWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of NephrologyKidney Research InstituteWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Physiological and Pathophysiological Effects of C-Type Natriuretic Peptide on the Heart. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060911. [PMID: 35741432 PMCID: PMC9219612 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is the third member of the natriuretic peptide family. Unlike atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), CNP was not previously regarded as an important cardiac modulator. However, recent studies have revealed the physiological and pathophysiological importance of CNP in the heart; in concert with its cognate natriuretic peptide receptor-B (NPR-B), CNP has come to be regarded as the major heart-protective natriuretic peptide in the failed heart. In this review, I introduce the history of research on CNP in the cardiac field. Abstract C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is the third member of the natriuretic peptide family. Unlike other members, i.e., atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), which are cardiac hormones secreted from the atrium and ventricle of the heart, respectively, CNP is regarded as an autocrine/paracrine regulator with broad expression in the body. Because of its low expression levels compared to ANP and BNP, early studies failed to show its existence and role in the heart. However, recent studies have revealed the physiological and pathophysiological importance of CNP in the heart; in concert with the distribution of its specific natriuretic peptide receptor-B (NPR-B), CNP has come to be regarded as the major heart-protective natriuretic peptide in the failed heart. NPR-B generates intracellular cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cGMP) upon CNP binding, followed by various molecular effects including the activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinases, which generates diverse cytoprotective actions in cardiomyocytes, as well as in cardiac fibroblasts. CNP exerts negative inotropic and positive lusitropic responses in both normal and failing heart models. Furthermore, osteocrin, the intrinsic and specific ligand for the clearance receptor for natriuretic peptides, can augment the effects of CNP and may supply a novel therapeutic strategy for cardiac protection.
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Prickett TCR, Lunt H, Warwick J, Heenan HF, Espiner EA. Urinary Amino-Terminal Pro–C-Type Natriuretic Peptide: A Novel Marker of Chronic Kidney Disease in Diabetes. Clin Chem 2019; 65:1248-1257. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2019.306910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Chronic renal inflammation and fibrosis are common sequelae in diabetes mellitus (DM) and are major causes of premature mortality. Although upregulation of NPPC expression occurs in response to renal inflammation in experimental animals, nothing is known of the molecular forms of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) products in urine of people with DM or links with renal function.
METHODS
ProCNP products in urine were characterized with HPLC and a range of antisera directed to specific epitopes of amino-terminal proCNP (NTproCNP). The 5-kDa intact peptide was quantified in spot urine samples from healthy adults and 202 participants with DM selected to provide a broad range of renal function.
RESULTS
The predominant products of proCNP in urine were consistent with the 2-kDa fragment (proCNP 3–20) and a smaller peak of intact (5-kDa) fragment (proCNP 1–50, NTproCNP). No peaks consistent with bioactive forms (proCNP 82–103, 50–103) were identified. The urine NTproCNP to creatinine ratio (NCR) was more reproducible than the albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) and strongly associated with the presence of chronic kidney disease. In models predicting independence, among 10 variables associated with renal function in DM, including plasma NTproCNP, only 3 (sex, ACR, and plasma creatinine) contributed to NCR.
CONCLUSIONS
Characterization of the products of proCNP in urine confirmed the presence of NTproCNP. In spot random urine from study participants with DM, NCR is inversely associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate. In contrast to ACR, NCR reflects nonvascular factors that likely include renal inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Lunt
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Diabetes Outpatients, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Julie Warwick
- Diabetes Outpatients, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Helen F Heenan
- Diabetes Outpatients, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Eric A Espiner
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Neutral endopeptidase inhibitors blunt kidney fibrosis by reducing myofibroblast formation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:239-252. [PMID: 30617188 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is the common pathophysiological mechanism in end-stage renal disease characterized by excessive accumulation of myofibroblast-derived extracellular matrix. Natriuretic peptides have been demonstrated to have cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent anti-fibrotic properties likely due to interference with pro-fibrotic tissue growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling. However, in vivo, natriuretic peptides are rapidly degraded by neutral endopeptidases (NEP). In a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mouse model for kidney fibrosis we assessed the anti-fibrotic effects of SOL1, an orally active compound that inhibits NEP and endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE). Mice (n=10 per group) subjected to UUO were treated for 1 week with either solvent, NEP-/ECE-inhibitor SOL1 (two doses), reference NEP-inhibitor candoxatril or the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1)-antagonist losartan. While NEP-inhibitors had no significant effect on blood pressure, they did increase urinary cGMP levels as well as endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels. Immunohistochemical staining revealed a marked decrease in renal collagen (∼55% reduction, P<0.05) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA; ∼40% reduction, P<0.05). Moreover, the number of α-SMA positive cells in the kidneys of SOL1-treated groups inversely correlated with cGMP levels consistent with a NEP-dependent anti-fibrotic effect. To dissect the molecular mechanisms associated with the anti-fibrotic effects of NEP inhibition, we performed a 'deep serial analysis of gene expression (Deep SAGE)' transcriptome and targeted metabolomics analysis of total kidneys of all treatment groups. Pathway analyses linked increased cGMP and ET-1 levels with decreased nuclear receptor signaling (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [PPAR] and liver X receptor/retinoid X receptor [LXR/RXR] signaling) and actin cytoskeleton organization. Taken together, although our transcriptome and metabolome data indicate metabolic dysregulation, our data support the therapeutic potential of NEP inhibition in the treatment of kidney fibrosis via cGMP elevation and reduced myofibroblast formation.
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Wu YF, Zhang DD, Liu SY, Luo HH, Jiang GM, Xu Y, Wu Y, Wang JJ, Liu FF, Samadli S, Wei W, Hu B, Hu P. C-Type Natriuretic Peptide Dampens Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 Expression Through MAPK Signaling Pathway in Human Mesangial Cells. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2018; 38:500-509. [PMID: 30335543 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2018.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is believed to be produced locally in the kidneys and possess several renoprotective properties. In contrast, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) -23 elevates in the early stage of chronic kidney disease and predicts its outcomes. Currently, several studies have demonstrated that CNP and FGF-23 act through a close pathway, and moreover, FGF-23/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) can be obviously suppressed by CNP. In the present study, human mesangial cells (MCs) were incubated in serum-containing medium in the absence or presence of CNP (0, 10 and 100 pM) for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. CNP administration significantly suppresses MCs proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. As a down-stream signaling of CNP activation, the expressions of natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR)-B, cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinases II and NPR-C were obviously augmented, whereas neutral endopeptidase expression was significantly decreased after CNP treatment in MCs. FGF-23, FGF receptor-1 and RAF-1 experienced a pronounced down-regulation in MCs with different doses of CNP throughout the whole observational period. CNP may dampen FGF-23 expression via MAPK signaling pathway in MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fang Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Dong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Yan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Huang Huang Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Mei Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Jing Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Fei Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Sama Samadli
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, People's Republic of China
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Luo HH, Wu C, Hu P, Wu YF, Zhang DD, Liu SY, Jiang GM, Xu Y, Wu Y, Wang JJ, Liu FF, Wei W, Hu B. Receptor signaling and neutral endopeptidase are involved in the resistance of C-type natriuretic peptide to human mesangial proliferation and collagen-IV expression. J Investig Med 2018; 66:1-9. [PMID: 29367254 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2017-000533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is regarded as a local, paracrine hormone to regulate vascular tone and cell proliferation. Although several in vivo studies have documented that CNP exerts the inhibitory effects on mesangial cells (MCs) proliferation and collagen production, a limited number of studies exist about the resistance of CNP to MCs proliferation in vitro. Besides, whether its receptor signaling and neutral endopeptidase (NEP) are involved remains unclear. In the present study, human MCs were incubated in serum-containing medium in the absence or presence of CNP (0, 10 and 100 pM) for 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively. CNP administration significantly suppresses MCs proliferation and collagen-IV (Col-IV) expression in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. As a down-stream signal molecule of CNP activation, the expressions of natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR)-B, cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinases II and NPR-C were obviously augmented, whereas NEP expression was significantly decreased after CNP treatment. In conclusion, receptor signaling and NEP are involved in the resistance of CNP to human mesangial proliferation and Col-IV expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Huang Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Fang Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dong Dong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Si Yan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guang Mei Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Jing Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fei Fei Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Mezzasoma L, Peirce MJ, Minelli A, Bellezza I. Natriuretic Peptides: The Case of Prostate Cancer. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101680. [PMID: 28994721 PMCID: PMC6151559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac natriuretic peptides have long been known to act as main players in the homeostatic control of blood pressure, salt and water balance. However, in the last few decades, new properties have been ascribed to these hormones. A systematic review of English articles using MEDLINE Search terms included prostate cancer, inflammation, cardiac hormones, atrial natriuretic peptide, and brain natriuretic peptide. Most recent publications were selected. Natriuretic peptides are strongly connected to the immune system, whose two branches, innate and adaptive, are finely tuned and organized to kill invaders and repair injured tissues. These peptides control the immune response and act as anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory agents. In addition, in cancers, natriuretic peptides have anti-proliferative effects by molecular mechanisms based on the inhibition/regulation of several pathways promoting cell proliferation and survival. Nowadays, it is accepted that chronic inflammation is a crucial player in prostate cancer development and progression. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the link between prostate cancer and inflammation and the potential use of natriuretic peptides as anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Mezzasoma
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Matthew J Peirce
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Alba Minelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Bellezza
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
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