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Janota AD, Hibbard PF, Meadows ME, Nichols D, Cocco JP, Carr AL, Chapman E, Maupomé G, Duwve JM. Peer Education as a Tool to Improve Health Knowledge for People Who Are Incarcerated: A Secondary Analysis of Data From the Indiana Peer Education Program ECHO. JOURNAL OF CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE 2024; 30:226-237. [PMID: 38990210 DOI: 10.1089/jchc.23.10.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Considerable health inequities occur among people who are incarcerated, with ripple effects into broader community health. The Indiana Peer Education Program uses the Extension for Community Health Outcomes (ECHO) model to train people who are incarcerated as peer health educators. This analysis sought to evaluate the effectiveness of this program and explore emergent themes not covered in survey instruments. Survey data for both peer educators and their students were assessed using multivariate regression. Qualitative data were used to triangulate survey findings and explore additional themes via thematic analysis. Students showed improvements in knowledge scores and postrelease behavior intentions; peer educators improved in knowledge, health attitudes, and self-efficacy. Qualitative data affirmed survey findings and pointed toward peer educators acquiring expertise in the content they teach, and how to teach it, and that positive results likely expand beyond participants to others in prison, their families, and the communities to which they return. Though preliminary, the results confirm an earlier analysis of the New Mexico Peer Education Program ECHO, adding to the evidence that training individuals who are incarcerated as peer educators on relevant public health topics increases health knowledge and behavior intentions and likely results in improvements in personal and public health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D Janota
- Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University-Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Meghan E Meadows
- Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University-Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | | | | | - Erika Chapman
- Indiana Department of Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Gerardo Maupomé
- Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University-Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Joan M Duwve
- Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University-Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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El-Bassel N, Davis A, Mandavia A, Goddard-Eckrich D, Hunt T, Marotta P, Chang M, Wu E, Gilbert L. Men in Community Correction Programs and Their Female Primary Sex Partners: Latent Class Analysis to Identify the Relationship of Clusters of Drug Use and Sexual Behaviors and HIV Risks. J Urban Health 2019; 96:411-428. [PMID: 29948784 PMCID: PMC6565788 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-018-0265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Existing research indicates that justice-involved individuals use a variety of different drugs and polysubstance use is common. Research shows that different typologies of drug users, such as polydrug users versus users of a single drug, have differing types of individual-, structural-, and neighborhood-level risk characteristics. However, little research has been conducted on how different typologies of drug use are associated with HIV risks among individuals in community corrections and their intimate sex partners. This paper examines the different types of drug use typologies among men in community correction programs and their female primary sex partners. We used latent class analysis to identify typologies of drug use among men in community correction programs in New York City and among their female primary sex partners. We also examined the associations between drug use typologies with sexual and drug use behaviors that increase the risk of HIV acquisition. The final analysis included a total of 1167 participants (822 male participants and 345 of their female primary sex partners). Latent class analyses identified three identical typologies of drug use for both men and their female primary sex partners: (1) polydrug use, (2) mild polydrug users with severe alcohol and marijuana use, and (3) alcohol and marijuana users. Men and women who were classified as polydrug users and mild polydrug users, compared to those who were classified as alcohol and marijuana users, tended to be older and non-Hispanic Caucasians. Polydrug users and mild polydrug users were also more likely to have risky sex partners and higher rates of criminal justice involvement. There is a need to provide HIV and drug use treatment and linkage to service and care for men in community correction programs, especially polydrug users. Community correction programs could be the venue to provide better access by reaching out to this high HIV risk key population with increased rates of drug use and multiple sex partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila El-Bassel
- Social Intervention Group, School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Alissa Davis
- Social Intervention Group, School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amar Mandavia
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dawn Goddard-Eckrich
- Social Intervention Group, School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy Hunt
- Social Intervention Group, School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Phillip Marotta
- Social Intervention Group, School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mingway Chang
- Social Intervention Group, School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elwin Wu
- Social Intervention Group, School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Louisa Gilbert
- Social Intervention Group, School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Windsor L, Pinto RM, Benoit E, Jessell L, Jemal A. Community Wise: Development of a Model to Address Oppression in Order to Promote Individual and Community Health. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE IN THE ADDICTIONS 2014; 14:405-420. [PMID: 26190947 PMCID: PMC4500933 DOI: 10.1080/1533256x.2014.962141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Communities with histories of oppression have shown great resilience. Yet few health interventions focus on structural oppression as a contributor to health problems in these communities. This paper describes the development and active ingredients of Community Wise, a unique behavioral-health intervention designed to reduce substance use frequency, related health risk behaviors, and recidivism among individuals with a history of incarceration and substance abuse residing in distressed and predominantly African American communities. Community Wise, developed through the collaborative efforts of a board of service providers, researchers, consumers, and government officials, is a 12-week group intervention that aims to address behavioral-health problems by raising critical consciousness in distressed communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Windsor
- Assistant Professor, School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Rogério M Pinto
- Associate Professor, School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ellen Benoit
- Principal Investigator, Special Populations Research, National Development and Research Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren Jessell
- Project Director, School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Alexis Jemal
- Doctoral Candidate, School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Dumont DM, Brockmann B, Dickman S, Alexander N, Rich JD. Public health and the epidemic of incarceration. Annu Rev Public Health 2012; 33:325-39. [PMID: 22224880 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031811-124614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented number of Americans have been incarcerated in the past generation. In addition, arrests are concentrated in low-income, predominantly nonwhite communities where people are more likely to be medically underserved. As a result, rates of physical and mental illnesses are far higher among prison and jail inmates than among the general public. We review the health profiles of the incarcerated; health care in correctional facilities; and incarceration's repercussions for public health in the communities to which inmates return upon release. The review concludes with recommendations that public health and medical practitioners capitalize on the public health opportunities provided by correctional settings to reach medically underserved communities, while simultaneously advocating for fundamental system change to reduce unnecessary incarceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora M Dumont
- The Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights, Providence, Rhode Island 02906, USA.
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Deren S, Hagan H, Friedman S, Des Jarlais DC, Perlman D, Gwadz M, Cleland C, Osborne A, Lunievicz J. Current and emerging research needs in studying the NYC HIV-drug use epidemic. Subst Use Misuse 2011; 46:316-9. [PMID: 21303251 PMCID: PMC4455883 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2011.523324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
As we begin the fourth decade of the epidemic, it is clear that, as demonstrated by the articles in this Special Issue, much has been learned about factors contributing to the decline in HIV prevalence among drug users in New York. However, there are a number of outstanding research questions that remain or are emerging. Following is a summary of some of the topics requiring further research. While this summary does not represent a comprehensive list, it is based on many of the questions raised in the articles in this Special Issue and identifies some of the directions to be investigated during the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Deren
- Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, College of Nursing, New York University, New York, New York, USA.
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