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Wu SH, Ma J, Peng HE, Zheng RH, Zhang Z, Yang R, Wang L, Liu J, Mu J, Liu M, Li ZQ, Gong ZL, Shao JY, Zhong YW. Ratiometric Imaging Detection of Amyloid-β Fibrils by a Dual-Emissive Tris-Heteroleptic Ruthenium Complex. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 39287976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Two dual fluorescent/phosphorescent tris-heteroleptic mononuclear Ru(ΙΙ) complexes (2 and 3) were designed and applied in amyloid-β (Aβ) sensing. These complexes have a general formula of [Ru(phen)(dppz)(L)](PF6)2, where L is (2-pyrazinyl)(2-pyridyl)(methyl)amine (H-L) with different substituents (-OMe for 2, -H for 3), phen is 1,10-phenanthroline, and dppz is dipyridophenazine, respectively. Compared with the previously reported ratiometric probe 1 with a di(pyrid-2-yl)(methyl)amine ligand, complex 2 can be employed for not only ratiometric emissive detection of Aβ aggregation but also ratiometric imaging detection of Aβ fibrils. In ratiometric emissive detection, as the incubation time of the Aβ sample (Aβ40 and Aβ42) was prolonged, a new phosphorescence emission band appeared with gradual enhancement of the emission intensity, while the fluorescence emission was basically unchanged, which could be treated as an intrinsic internal reference signal. In comparison, a larger ratiometric photoluminescence enhancement (I640/I440) was observed for Aβ40 aggregation with respect to Aβ42. In ratiometric imaging detection, the imaging signals obtained from the phosphorescence emission are much brighter than the fluorescence emission in both Aβ40 and Aβ42 fibrils. As indicated by molecular docking results, stronger interactions were found between complex 2 with Aβ40 fibrils, which included π/π, π/C-H, and π/H interactions between bidentate ligands dppz and phen with amino acid residues. Moreover, computational calculations were carried out to assist the interpretation of these experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Hai Wu
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362021, China
| | - Junjie Ma
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362021, China
| | - Hui-E Peng
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362021, China
| | - Ren-Hui Zheng
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362021, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362021, China
| | - Rong Yang
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362021, China
| | - Lianhui Wang
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362021, China
| | - Jieqing Liu
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362021, China
| | - Jiao Mu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Meirong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Gong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiang-Yang Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Velázquez-Delgado C, Hernández-Ortiz E, Landa-Navarro L, Tapia-Rodríguez M, Moreno-Castilla P, Bermúdez-Rattoni F. Repeated exposure to novelty promotes resilience against the amyloid-beta effect through dopaminergic stimulation. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024:10.1007/s00213-024-06650-5. [PMID: 39145803 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06650-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE The accumulation of beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) in the forebrain leads to cognitive dysfunction and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Studies have shown that individuals with a consistently cognitively active lifestyle are less vulnerable to Aβ toxicity. Recent research has demonstrated that intrahippocampal Aβ can impact catecholaminergic release and spatial memory. Interestingly, exposure to novelty stimuli has been found to stimulate the release of catecholamines in the hippocampus. However, it remains uncertain whether repeated enhancing catecholamine activity can effectively alleviate cognitive impairment in individuals with Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVES Our primary aim was to investigate whether repeated exposure to novelty could enable cognitive resilience against Aβ. This protection could be achieved by modulating catecholaminergic activity within the hippocampus. METHODS To investigate this hypothesis, we subjected mice to three different conditions-standard housing (SH), repeated novelty (Nov), or daily social interaction (Soc) for one month. We then infused saline solution (SS) or Aβ (Aβ1-42) oligomers intrahippocampally and measured spatial memory retrieval in a Morris Water Maze (MWM). Stereological analysis and extracellular baseline dopamine levels using in vivo microdialysis were assessed in independent groups of mice. RESULTS The mice that received Aβ1-42 intrahippocampal infusions and remained in SH or Soc conditions showed impaired spatial memory retrieval. In contrast, animals subjected to the Nov protocol demonstrated remarkable resilience, showing strong spatial memory expression even after Aβ1-42 intrahippocampal infusion. The stereological analysis indicated that the Aβ1-42 infusion reduced the tyrosine hydroxylase axonal length in SH or Soc mice compared to the Nov group. Accordingly, the hippocampal extracellular dopamine levels increased significantly in the Nov groups. CONCLUSIONS These compelling results demonstrate the potential for repeated novelty exposure to strengthen the dopaminergic system and mitigate the toxic effects of Aβ1-42. They also highlight new and promising therapeutic avenues for treating and preventing AD, especially in its early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Velázquez-Delgado
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Hernández-Ortiz
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lucia Landa-Navarro
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Tapia-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Perla Moreno-Castilla
- Laboratory of Cognitive Resilience, Center of Aging Research (CIE), Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, CINVESTAV, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Federico Bermúdez-Rattoni
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Garnaik UC, Chandra A, Goel VK, Gulyás B, Padmanabhan P, Agarwal S. Development of SERS Active Nanoprobe for Selective Adsorption and Detection of Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers Based on Molecular Docking. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:8271-8284. [PMID: 39161360 PMCID: PMC11330857 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s446212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Development of SERS-based Raman nanoprobes can detect the misfolding of Amyloid beta (Aβ) 42 peptides, making them a viable diagnostic technique for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The detection and imaging of amyloid peptides and fibrils are expected to help in the early identification of AD. Methods Here, we propose a fast, easy-to-use, and simple scheme based on the selective adsorption of Aβ42 molecules on SERS active gold nanoprobe (RB-AuNPs) of diameter 29 ± 3 nm for Detection of Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers. Binding with the peptides results in a spectrum shift, which correlates with the target peptide. We also demonstrated the possibility of using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as precursors for the preparation of a SERS active nanoprobe with carbocyanine (CC) dye and AgNPs known as silver nanoprobe (CC-AgNPs) of diameter 25 ± 4 nm. Results RB-AuNPs probe binding with the peptides results in a spectrum shift, which correlates with the target peptide. Arginine peak appears after the conjugation confirms the binding of Aβ 42 with the nanoprobe. Tyrosine peaks appear after conjugated Aβ42 with CC-AgNPs providing binding of the peptide with the probe. The nanoprobe produced a strong, stable SERS signal. Further molecular docking was utilized to analyse the interaction and propose a structural hypothesis for the process of binding the nanoprobe to Aβ42 and Tau protein. Conclusion This peptide-probe interaction provides a general enhancement factor and the molecular structure of the misfolded peptides. Secondary structural information may be obtained at the molecular level for specific residues owing to isotope shifts in the Raman spectra. Conjugation of the nanoprobe with Aβ42 selectively detected AD in bodily fluids. The proposed nanoprobes can be easily applied to the detection of Aβ plaques in blood, saliva, and sweat samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anshuman Chandra
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Goel
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Balázs Gulyás
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Centre, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Shilpi Agarwal
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Polańska O, Szulc N, Stottko R, Olek M, Nadwodna J, Gąsior-Głogowska M, Szefczyk M. Challenges in Peptide Solubilization - Amyloids Case Study. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202400053. [PMID: 39023378 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Peptide science has been a rapidly growing research field because of the enormous potential application of these biocompatible and bioactive molecules. However, many factors limit the widespread use of peptides in medicine, and low solubility is among the most common problems that hamper drug development in the early stages of research. Solubility is a crucial, albeit poorly understood, feature that determines peptide behavior. Several different solubility predictors have been proposed, and many strategies and protocols have been reported to dissolve peptides, but none of them is a one-size-fits-all method for solubilization of even the same peptide. In this review, we look for the reasons behind the difficulties in dissolving peptides, analyze the factors influencing peptide aggregation, conduct a critical analysis of solubilization strategies and protocols available in the literature, and give some tips on how to deal with the so-called difficult sequences. We focus on amyloids, which are particularly difficult to dissolve and handle such as amyloid beta (Aβ), insulin, and phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliwia Polańska
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Szulc
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Rafał Stottko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Gdanska 7/9, 50-344, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Olek
- Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Traugutta 2, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Julita Nadwodna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marlena Gąsior-Głogowska
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Szefczyk
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
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5
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Elias RD, Zhu Y, Su Q, Ghirlando R, Zhang J, Deshmukh L. Reversible phase separation of ESCRT protein ALIX through tyrosine phosphorylation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg3913. [PMID: 37450591 PMCID: PMC10348681 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg3913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinetic abscission, the last step of cell division, is regulated by the ESCRT machinery. In response to mitotic errors, ESCRT proteins, namely, ALIX, CHMP4B, and CHMP4C, accumulate in the cytosolic compartments termed "abscission checkpoint bodies" (ACBs) to delay abscission and prevent tumorigenesis. ALIX contributes to the biogenesis and stability of ACBs via an unknown mechanism. We show that ALIX phase separates into nondynamic condensates in vitro and in vivo, mediated by the amyloidogenic portion of its proline-rich domain. ALIX condensates confined CHMP4 paralogs in vitro. These condensates dissolved and reformed upon reversible tyrosine phosphorylation of ALIX, mediated by Src kinase and PTP1B, and sequestration of CHMP4C altered their Src-mediated dissolution. NMR analysis revealed how ALIX triggers the activation of CHMP4 proteins, which is required for successful abscission. These results implicate ALIX's phase separation in the modulation of ACBs. This study also highlights how posttranslational modifications can control protein phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben D. Elias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yingqi Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Qi Su
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rodolfo Ghirlando
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lalit Deshmukh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Caruso Bavisotto C, Provenzano A, Passantino R, Marino Gammazza A, Cappello F, San Biagio PL, Bulone D. Oligomeric State and Holding Activity of Hsp60. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097847. [PMID: 37175554 PMCID: PMC10177986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Similar to its bacterial homolog GroEL, Hsp60 in oligomeric conformation is known to work as a folding machine, with the assistance of co-chaperonin Hsp10 and ATP. However, recent results have evidenced that Hsp60 can stabilize aggregation-prone molecules in the absence of Hsp10 and ATP by a different, "holding-like" mechanism. Here, we investigated the relationship between the oligomeric conformation of Hsp60 and its ability to inhibit fibrillization of the Ab40 peptide. The monomeric or tetradecameric form of the protein was isolated, and its effect on beta-amyloid aggregation was separately tested. The structural stability of the two forms of Hsp60 was also investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), light scattering, and circular dichroism. The results showed that the protein in monomeric form is less stable, but more effective against amyloid fibrillization. This greater functionality is attributed to the disordered nature of the domains involved in subunit contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Caruso Bavisotto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Anatomy and Histology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessia Provenzano
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosa Passantino
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Anatomy and Histology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Anatomy and Histology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Donatella Bulone
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 90146 Palermo, Italy
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Kola A, Lamponi S, Currò F, Valensin D. A Comparative Study between Lycorine and Galantamine Abilities to Interact with AMYLOID β and Reduce In Vitro Neurotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2500. [PMID: 36768823 PMCID: PMC9916559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Galantamine is a natural alkaloid extracted from the Amaryllidaceae plants and is used as the active ingredient of a drug approved for the treatment of the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. It mainly acts as an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, increasing concentrations of the acetylcholine neurotransmitter. Recent cellular studies have also shown the ability of galantamine to protect SH-SY5Y cell lines against amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced toxicity. Such investigations have supported and validated further in-depth studies for understanding the chemical and molecular features associated with galantamine-protective abilities. In addition to galantamine, other natural alkaloids are known to possess AChE inhibitory activity; among them lycorine has been extensively investigated for its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antitumoral activities as well. Despite its interesting biological properties, lycorine's neuroprotective functions against Aβ-induced damages have not been explored so far. In this research study, the ability of galantamine and lycorine to suppress Aβ-induced in vitro neuronal toxicity was evaluated by investigating the chemical interactions of the two alkaloids with Aβ peptide. A multi-technique spectroscopic analysis and cellular cytotoxicity assays were applied to obtain new insights on these molecular associations. The comparison between the behaviors exhibited by the two alkaloids indicates that both compounds possess analogue abilities to interact with the amyloidogenic peptide and protect cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arian Kola
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Lamponi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Currò
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Valensin
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- CIRMMP, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019 Firenze, Italy
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Shi H, Sun Y, Yao Z, Bai M. New Insights into the Structural and Binding Properties on Aβ Mature Fibrils Due to Histidine Protonation Behaviors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:218-225. [PMID: 36604946 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Histidine tautomeric behaviors have been considered origin factors for controlling the structure and aggregation properties of misfolding peptides. Except for tautomeric behaviors, histidine protonation behaviors definitely have the same capacities due to the net charge changes and the various N/N-H orientations on imidazole rings. However, such phenomena are still unknown. In the current study, Aβ mature fibrils substituted with various protonation states were performed by molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the structure and binding properties. Our results show that all kinds of protonation states can increase the ΔG1 stability and decrease ΔG2 and ΔG3 stabilities. A significantly higher averaged β-sheet content was detected in (εεp), (εpp), and (ppp) fibrils in one, two, and three protonation stages, respectively. Impressively, we found that the substituted fibril with specific protonated states can control the N-terminus structural properties. Further analysis confirmed that H6 and H13 are more important than H14 since the H-bond donor and receptor cooperate among C1/C3/C8_H6, C1/C3/C8_H13, and C1/C3/C8_E11. Furthermore, the mechanism of protonation behaviors was discussed. The current study is helpful for understanding the histidine protonation behaviors on one, two, and three protonation stages, which provides new horizons for exploring the origin of protein folding and misfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.,Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yue Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zeshuai Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Min Bai
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Sun Y, Yao Z, Shi H. Structural properties of Aβ (1-40) peptide in protonation stage of one, two, and three: New insights from the histidine protonation behaviors. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:1556-1561. [PMID: 36370861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Structural properties and aggregation tendency can be significantly influenced by histidine behaviors (histidine on Nδ-H state is defined as δ, likewise, Nε-H: ε and both Nδ-H and Nε-H: p). In current study, we investigated structural properties of Aβ(1-40) peptide during protonation evolution stage of one, two, and three by total 19 independent replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations using implicit solvent. Our results show that any kind of protonated state will promote β-sheet structure formation in comparison with deprotonated (εεε). With increase in number of protonation, the lowest β-sheet content increased. The highest averaged β-sheet structure content was detected in (δpδ) (46.0 %), (εpp) (36.8 %), and (ppp) (16.0 %) in each protonation stage. With three β-strand structures, (δpδ) shows more stable features and high hydrophobic properties. Further analysis confirmed that H13 and H14 are more important than H6. Specifically, H13 and H14 have a synergistic effect for structural formations by controlling H-bond networks in H13(p) with V39/V40 and H14(p/δ) with G37/G38. Finally, the Pearson correlation coefficient results confirmed that experimental result (ref. 44) is corresponding to our (εpp) system. Our current study will be conducive to understanding the effects of the histidine behaviors, it provides new insights for exploration protein folding and misfolding processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zeshuai Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Hu Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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10
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Johnson NR, Wang ACJ, Coughlan C, Sillau S, Lucero E, Viltz L, Markham N, Allen C, Dhanasekaran AR, Chial HJ, Potter H. Imipramine and olanzapine block apoE4-catalyzed polymerization of Aβ and show evidence of improving Alzheimer’s disease cognition. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:88. [PMID: 35768831 PMCID: PMC9241285 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele confers the strongest risk for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) besides age itself, but the mechanisms underlying this risk are debated. One hypothesis supported by evidence from multiple labs is that apoE4 binds to the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and catalyzes its polymerization into neurotoxic oligomers and fibrils. Inhibiting this early step in the amyloid cascade may thereby reduce or prevent neurodegeneration and AD. Methods Using a design of experiments (DOE) approach, we developed a high-throughput assay to identify inhibitors of apoE4-catalyzed polymerization of Aβ into oligomers and fibrils. We used it to screen the NIH Clinical Collection of small molecule drugs tested previously in human clinical trials. We then evaluated the efficacy and cytotoxicity of the hit compounds in primary neuron models of apoE4-induced Aβ and phosphorylated tau aggregation. Finally, we performed retrospective analyses of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) clinical dataset, using Cox regression and Cox proportional hazards models to determine if the use of two FDA-approved hit compounds was associated with better cognitive scores (Mini-Mental State Exam), or improved AD clinical diagnosis, when compared with other medications of the same clinical indication. Results Our high-throughput screen identified eight blood-brain barrier (BBB)-permeable hit compounds that reduced apoE4-catalyzed Aβ oligomer and fibril formation in a dose-dependent manner. Five hit compounds were non-toxic toward cultured neurons and also reduced apoE4-promoted Aβ and tau neuropathology in a dose-dependent manner. Three of the five compounds were determined to be specific inhibitors of apoE4, whereas the other two compounds were Aβ or tau aggregation inhibitors. When prescribed to AD patients for their normal clinical indications, two of the apoE4 inhibitors, imipramine and olanzapine, but not other (non-hit) antipsychotic or antidepressant medications, were associated with improvements in cognition and clinical diagnosis, especially among APOE4 carriers. Conclusions The critical test of any proposed AD mechanism is whether it leads to effective treatments. Our high-throughput screen identified two promising FDA-approved drugs, imipramine and olanzapine, which have no structural, functional, or clinical similarities other than their shared ability to inhibit apoE4-catalyzed Aβ polymerization, thus identifying this mechanism as an essential contribution of apoE4 to AD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-022-01020-9.
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Kuhn AJ, Raskatov JA. A robust preparation method for the amyloidogenic and intrinsically disordered amyloid-α peptide. J Pept Sci 2022; 28:e3414. [PMID: 35484922 PMCID: PMC9452447 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that amyloid-β (Aβ) may not be the only peptidic culprit for the cognitive decline observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease. A C-terminal fragment of Aβ, amyloid-α (Aα), also known as p3, has been shown to form amyloidogenic oligomers and fibrils more rapidly than Aβ. However, the insolubility and aggregation propensity of this 24-26-residue peptide make it exceptionally difficult to produce, purify, and subsequently study. This paper reports a reproducible, multi-step method for the purification and pre-treatment of Aα and related analogues, yielding 95%-99% pure peptides. We anticipate that the methods described herein will permit previously inaccessible biophysical and biological experiments that may be critical to understanding the role of this too long overlooked peptide in AD disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel J. Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Jevgenij A. Raskatov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
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12
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Chen CH, Jong YJ, Chao YY, Wang CC, Chen YL. Fluorescent aptasensor based on conformational switch-induced hybridization for facile detection of β-amyloid oligomers. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:8155-8165. [PMID: 36178490 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04350-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aβ oligomers (AβO) are a dominant biomarker for early Alzheimer's disease diagnosis. A fluorescent aptasensor coupled with conformational switch-induced hybridization was established to detect AβO. The fluorescent aptasensor is based on the interaction of fluorophore-labeled AβO-specific aptamer (FAM-Apt) against its partly complementary DNA sequence on the surface of magnetic beads (cDNA-MBs). Once the FAM-Apt binds to AβO, the conformational switch of FAM-Apt increases the tendency to be captured by cDNA-MBs. This causes a descending fluorescence of supernatant, which can be utilized to determine the levels of AβO. Thus, the base-pair matching above 12 between FAM-Apt and cDNA-MBs with increasing hybridizing free energies reached the ascending fluorescent signal equilibrium. The optimized aptasensor showed linearity from 1.7 ng mL-1 to 85.1 (R = 0.9977) with good recoveries (79.27-109.17%) in plasma. Furthermore, the established aptasensor possesses rational selectivity in the presence of monomeric Aβ, fibrotic Aβ, and interferences. Therefore, the developed aptasensor is capable of quantifying AβO in human plasma and possesses the potential to apply in clinical cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hsien Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Jyh Jong
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Translational Research Center of Neuromuscular Diseases, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ying Chao
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Ling Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.
- Center for Nano Bio-Detection, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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13
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Mehra S, Ahlawat S, Kumar H, Datta D, Navalkar A, Singh N, Patel K, Gadhe L, Kadu P, Kumar R, Jha NN, Sakunthala A, Sawner AS, Padinhateeri R, Udgaonkar JB, Agarwal V, Maji SK. α-Synuclein aggregation intermediates form fibril polymorphs with distinct prion-like properties. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167761. [PMID: 35907572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
α-Synuclein (α-Syn) amyloids in synucleinopathies are suggested to be structurally and functionally diverse, reminiscent of prion-like strains. But how the aggregation of the same precursor protein results in the formation of fibril polymorphs remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate the structure-function relationship of two polymorphs, pre-matured fibrils (PMFs) and helix-matured fibrils (HMFs), based on α-Syn aggregation intermediates. These polymorphs display the structural differences as demonstrated by solid-state NMR and mass spectrometry studies and also possess different cellular activities such as seeding, internalization, and cell-to-cell transfer of aggregates. HMFs with a compact core structure exhibit low seeding potency but readily internalize and transfer from one cell to another. The less structured PMFs lack transcellular transfer ability but induce abundant α-Syn pathology and trigger the formation of aggresomes in cells. Overall, the study highlights that the conformational heterogeneity in the aggregation pathway may lead to fibril polymorphs with distinct prion-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Mehra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Sahil Ahlawat
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Sy. No. 36/P, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500 046, India
| | - Harish Kumar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune- 411 008, India; National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560065, India
| | - Debalina Datta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Ambuja Navalkar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Nitu Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Komal Patel
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Laxmikant Gadhe
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Pradeep Kadu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Narendra N Jha
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Arunima Sakunthala
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Ajay S Sawner
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Ranjith Padinhateeri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Jayant B Udgaonkar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune- 411 008, India; National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru 560065, India
| | - Vipin Agarwal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Sy. No. 36/P, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500 046, India
| | - Samir K Maji
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
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14
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Shobo A, Röntgen A, Hancock MA, Multhaup G. Biophysical characterization as a tool to predict amyloidogenic and toxic properties of amyloid-β42 peptides. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:1401-1411. [PMID: 35466397 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) peptides are central to the amyloid pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD). As biological mimetics, properties of synthetic Aβ peptides usually vary between vendors and batches, thus impacting the reproducibility of experimental studies. Here, we tested recombinantly expressed Aβ42 (Asp1 to Ala42) against synthetic Aβ42 from different suppliers using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, thioflavin T aggregation, surface plasmon resonance and MTT cell viability assays. Overall, our recombinant Aβ42 provided a reproducible mimetic of desired properties. Across experimental approaches, the combined detection of Aβ42 dimers and random coil to β-sheet transition only correlated with aggregation-prone and cytotoxic peptides. Conclusively, combining MALDI-MS with CD appears to provide a rapid, reliable means to predict the "bioactivity" of Aβ42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeola Shobo
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexander Röntgen
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mark A Hancock
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,SPR-MS Facility, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gerhard Multhaup
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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15
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Mrdenovic D, Pieta IS, Nowakowski R, Kutner W, Lipkowski J, Pieta P. Amyloid β interaction with model cell membranes - What are the toxicity-defining properties of amyloid β? Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 200:520-531. [PMID: 35074328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of the neuronal membrane by toxic amyloid β oligomers is hypothesized to be the major event associated with Alzheimer's disease's neurotoxicity. Misfolding of amyloid β is followed by aggregation via different pathways in which structurally different amyloid β oligomers can be formed. The respective toxic actions of these structurally diverse oligomers can vary significantly. Linking a particular toxic action to a structurally unique kind of amyloid β oligomers and resolving their toxicity-determining feature remains challenging because of their transient stability and heterogeneity. Moreover, the lipids that make up the membrane affect amyloid β oligomers' behavior, thus adding to the problem's complexity. The present review compares and analyzes the latest results to improve understanding of amyloid β oligomers' interaction with lipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Mrdenovic
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Izabela S Pieta
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Nowakowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wlodzimierz Kutner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, School of Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Lipkowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Piotr Pieta
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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16
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Kour A, Dube T, Kumar A, Panda JJ. Anti-Amyloidogenic and Fibril-Disaggregating Potency of the Levodopa-Functionalized Gold Nanoroses as Exemplified in a Diphenylalanine-Based Amyloid Model. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:397-410. [PMID: 35120290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of proteins/peptide assembly into amyloid fibrils is associated with various neurodegenerative and age-related human disorders. Inhibition of the aggregation behavior of amyloidogenic peptides/proteins or disruption of the pre-formed aggregates is a viable therapeutic option to control the progression of various protein aggregation-related disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the current work, we investigated both the amyloid inhibition and disaggregation proclivity of levodopa-functionalized gold nanoroses (GNRs) against various peptide-based amyloid models, including the amyloid beta peptide [Aβ (1-42) and Aβ (1-40)] and the dipeptide phenylalanine-phenylalanine (FF). Our results depicted the anti-aggregation behavior of the GNR toward FF and both forms of Aβ-derived fibrils. The peptides demonstrated a variation in their fiber-like morphology and a decline in thioflavin T fluorescence after being co-incubated with the GNR. We further demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of the GNR in neuroblastoma cells against FF and Aβ (1-42) fiber-induced toxicity, exemplified both in terms of regaining cellular viability and reducing production of reactive oxygen species. Overall, these findings support the potency of the GNR as a promising platform for combating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avneet Kour
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.,University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Taru Dube
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Jiban Jyoti Panda
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
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17
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Sakata T, Shiratori R, Kato M. Hydrogel-Coated Gate Field-Effect Transistor for Real-Time and Label-Free Monitoring of β-Amyloid Aggregation and Its Inhibition. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2820-2826. [PMID: 35119275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a hydrogel-coated gate field-effect transistor (FET) for the real-time and label-free monitoring of β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation and its inhibition. The hydrogel used in this study is composed of poly tetramethoxysilane (TMOS), in which Aβ monomers are entrapped and then aggregate, and coated on the gate insulator; that is, Aβ aggregation is induced in the vicinity of the sensing surface. With the Aβ hydrogel-coated gate FET, the steplike decrease in the surface potential of the Aβ hydrogel-coated gate electrode is electrically monitored in real time, according to the stepwise aggregation of Aβ monomers to form into fibrils through oligomers and so forth in stages. This is because the capacitance of the Aβ-hydrogel membrane decreases depending on the stage of aggregation; that is, the hydrophobicity of the Aβ-hydrogel membrane increases stepwise depending on the amount of Aβ aggregates. The formation of Aβ fibrils is also confirmed in the measurement solution using a fluorescent dye, thioflavin T, which selectively binds to the Aβ fibrils. Moreover, the addition of daunomycin, an inhibitor of Aβ aggregation, to the measurement solution suppresses the stepwise electrical response of the Aβ hydrogel-coated gate FET. Thus, a platform based on the Aβ hydrogel-coated gate FET is suitable for a simple screening system for inhibitors of Aβ aggregation, which may lead the identification of potential therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Sakata
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Reiko Shiratori
- Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masaru Kato
- Department of Bioanalytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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18
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Small Angle X-ray Scattering Sensing Membrane Composition: The Role of Sphingolipids in Membrane-Amyloid β-Peptide Interaction. BIOLOGY 2021; 11:biology11010026. [PMID: 35053023 PMCID: PMC8772848 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The early impairments in Alzheimer’s disease are related to neuronal membrane damage. Different lipids are present in biological membranes, playing relevant physiological roles. Some of them, such as sphingomyelin, cholesterol, and ganglioside GM1, interact with each other and, importantly, with the Aβ peptide. Here, these interactions are studied using small angle X-ray scattering in model membrane systems, such as large unilamellar liposomes. This technique gives information on the width of the bilayer and reveals structural differences due to the different lipid compositions, as well as some small differences due to the presence of the Aβ peptide. The analysis highlights the concentration-dependent effect of GM1 on membrane thickness and the interaction with the Aβ-peptide, together with the inhibiting effect that the presence of sphingomyelin has on the GM1–Aβ interaction. Abstract The early impairments appearing in Alzheimer’s disease are related to neuronal membrane damage. Both aberrant Aβ species and specific membrane components play a role in promoting aggregation, deposition, and signaling dysfunction. Ganglioside GM1, present with cholesterol and sphingomyelin in lipid rafts, preferentially interacts with the Aβ peptide. GM1 at physiological conditions clusters in the membrane, the assembly also involves phospholipids, sphingomyelin, and cholesterol. The structure of large unilamellar vesicles (LUV), made of a basic POPC:POPS matrix in a proportion of 9:1, and containing different amounts of GM1 (1%, 3%, and 4% mol/mol) in the presence of 5% mol/mol sphingomyelin and 15% mol/mol cholesterol, was studied using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The effect of the membrane composition on the LUVs–Aβ-peptide interaction, both for Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 variants, was, thus, monitored. The presence of GM1 leads to a significant shift of the main peak, towards lower scattering angles, up to 6% of the initial value with SM and 8% without, accompanied by an opposite shift of the first minimum, up to 21% and 24% of the initial value, respectively. The analysis of the SAXS spectra, using a multi-Gaussian model for the electronic density profile, indicated differences in the bilayer of the various compositions. An increase in the membrane thickness, by 16% and 12% when 2% and 3% mol/mol GM1 was present, without and with SM, respectively, was obtained. Furthermore, in these cases, in the presence of Aβ40, a very small decrease of the bilayer thickness, less than 4% and 1%, respectively, was derived, suggesting the inhibiting effect that the presence of sphingomyelin has on the GM1–Aβ interaction.
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19
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Schützmann MP, Hasecke F, Bachmann S, Zielinski M, Hänsch S, Schröder GF, Zempel H, Hoyer W. Endo-lysosomal Aβ concentration and pH trigger formation of Aβ oligomers that potently induce Tau missorting. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4634. [PMID: 34330900 PMCID: PMC8324842 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24900-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) forms metastable oligomers >50 kDa, termed AβOs, that are more effective than Aβ amyloid fibrils at triggering Alzheimer’s disease-related processes such as synaptic dysfunction and Tau pathology, including Tau mislocalization. In neurons, Aβ accumulates in endo-lysosomal vesicles at low pH. Here, we show that the rate of AβO assembly is accelerated 8,000-fold upon pH reduction from extracellular to endo-lysosomal pH, at the expense of amyloid fibril formation. The pH-induced promotion of AβO formation and the high endo-lysosomal Aβ concentration together enable extensive AβO formation of Aβ42 under physiological conditions. Exploiting the enhanced AβO formation of the dimeric Aβ variant dimAβ we furthermore demonstrate targeting of AβOs to dendritic spines, potent induction of Tau missorting, a key factor in tauopathies, and impaired neuronal activity. The results suggest that the endosomal/lysosomal system is a major site for the assembly of pathomechanistically relevant AβOs. Aβ oligomers (AβO) are thought to represent the main toxic species in Alzheimer’s disease but very high Aβ concentrations are required to study them in vitro and it remains unknown what role these off-pathway oligomers play in vivo. Here, the authors use a dimeric variant of Aβ termed dimAβ, where two Aβ40 units are linked, which facilitates to study AβO formation kinetics and they observe that Aβ off-pathway oligomer formation is strongly accelerated at endo-lysosomal pH, while amyloid fibril formation is delayed. Furthermore, the authors demonstrate that dimAβ is a disease-relevant model construct for pathogenic AβO formation by showing that dimAβ AβOs target dendritic spines and induce AD-like somatodendritic Tau missorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie P Schützmann
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Filip Hasecke
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sarah Bachmann
- Institute of Human Genetics and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mara Zielinski
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7) and JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hänsch
- Department of Biology, Center for Advanced Imaging (CAi), Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gunnar F Schröder
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7) and JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Physics Department, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans Zempel
- Institute of Human Genetics and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Hoyer
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7) and JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
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20
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Shi H, Wang L, Yao Z, Lee JY, Guo W. Role of the English (H6R) Mutation on the Structural Properties of Aβ40 and Aβ42 Owing to the Histidine Tautomeric Effect. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2705-2711. [PMID: 34240598 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As an intrinsic origin cause, histidine behaviors play a critical role in protein misfolding processes. Generally, the English (H6R) mutation will disrupt H6 interactions. However, the structural properties of Aβ40 H6R and Aβ42 H6R under the complex influence of a histidine tautomeric effect and an H6R mutation remain unclear. Therefore, we performed a replica exchange molecular dynamics simulation to unveil such structural properties. Our result showed that the H6R substitute could promote the generation of β-sheet structures in comparison to the wild type. Three β-strand structure properties were observed in Aβ40 (rδδ), Aβ42 (rεε), Aβ42 (rεδ), and Aβ42 (rδδ) with β-sheet contents of 47.5%, 37.2%, 46.9%, and 38.6%, respectively, and the dominant conformational properties of Aβ40 (rδδ), Aβ42 (rεε), Aβ42 (rεδ), and Aβ42 (rδδ) had top conformational states of 86.0%, 73.2%, 67.0%, and 56.5%, respectively. Further analysis confirmed that R6 had different mechanisms for controlling the conformational features in Aβ40 H6R and Aβ42 H6R. In the Aβ40 systems, H14 H-bond networks played a critical role in controlling the structural properties. However, in the Aβ42 systems, R6 was more important because it was directly involved in the β-strand formation and maintained the β-sheet between the N-terminus and the central hydrophobic core region. Our current study helps to elucidate the histidine tautomeric behaviors in H6R mutations, which will present opportunities to understand the correlation between with/without H6 and the Aβ40/Aβ42 H6R misfolding mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Lisha Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zeshuai Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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21
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Pittman JM, Srivastava AK, Boughter CT, Venkata BS, Zerweck J, Moore PC, Smok I, Tonelli M, Sachleben JR, Meredith SC. Nanodroplet Oligomers (NanDOs) of Aβ40. Biochemistry 2021; 60:2691-2703. [PMID: 34029056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), we describe small Aβ40 oligomers, termed nanodroplet oligomers (NanDOs), which form rapidly and at Aβ40 concentrations too low for fibril formation. NanDOs were observed in putatively monomeric solutions of Aβ40 (e.g., by size exclusion chromatography). Video-rate scanning AFM shows rapid fusion and dissolution of small oligomer-sized particles, of which the median size increases with peptide concentration. In NMR (13C HSQC), a small number of chemical shifts changed with a change in peptide concentration. Paramagnetic relaxation enhancement NMR experiments also support the formation of NanDOs and suggest prominent interactions in hydrophobic domains of Aβ40. Addition of Zn2+ to Aβ40 solutions caused flocculation of NanDO-containing solutions, and selective loss of signal intensity in NMR spectra from residues in the N-terminal domain of Aβ40. NanDOs may represent the earliest aggregated form of Aβ40 in the aggregation pathway and are akin to premicelles in solutions of amphiphilies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marco Tonelli
- NMR-FAM, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Joseph R Sachleben
- NMR Core Facility, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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22
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Zhang S, Guaglianone G, Morris MA, Yoo S, Howitz WJ, Xing L, Zheng JG, Jusuf H, Huizar G, Lin J, Kreutzer AG, Nowick JS. Expression of N-Terminal Cysteine Aβ 42 and Conjugation to Generate Fluorescent and Biotinylated Aβ 42. Biochemistry 2021; 60:1191-1200. [PMID: 33793198 PMCID: PMC9059633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent derivatives of the β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) are valuable tools for studying the interactions of Aβ with cells. Facile access to labeled expressed Aβ offers the promise of Aβ with greater sequence and stereochemical integrity, without impurities from amino acid deletion and epimerization. Here, we report methods for the expression of Aβ42 with an N-terminal cysteine residue, Aβ(C1-42), and its conjugation to generate Aβ42 bearing fluorophores or biotin. The methods rely on the hitherto unrecognized observation that expression of the Aβ(MC1-42) gene yields the Aβ(C1-42) peptide, because the N-terminal methionine is endogenously excised by Escherichia coli. Conjugation of Aβ(C1-42) with maleimide-functionalized fluorophores or biotin affords the N-terminally labeled Aβ42. The expression affords ∼14 mg of N-terminal cysteine Aβ from 1 L of bacterial culture. Subsequent conjugation affords ∼3 mg of labeled Aβ from 1 L of bacterial culture with minimal cost for labeling reagents. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis indicates the N-terminal cysteine Aβ to be >97% pure and labeled Aβ peptides to be 94-97% pure. Biophysical studies show that the labeled Aβ peptides behave like unlabeled Aβ and suggest that labeling of the N-terminus does not substantially alter the properties of the Aβ. We further demonstrate applications of the fluorophore-labeled Aβ peptides by using fluorescence microscopy to visualize their interactions with mammalian cells and bacteria. We anticipate that these methods will provide researchers convenient access to useful N-terminally labeled Aβ, as well as Aβ with an N-terminal cysteine that enables further functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Gretchen Guaglianone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Michael A. Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Stan Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - William J. Howitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Li Xing
- Irvine Materials Research Institute (IMRI), University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2575, United States
| | - Jian-Guo Zheng
- Irvine Materials Research Institute (IMRI), University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2575, United States
| | - Hannah Jusuf
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Grace Huizar
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Jonathan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Adam G. Kreutzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - James S. Nowick
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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23
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Guarrasi V, Rappa GC, Costa MA, Librizzi F, Raimondo M, Di Stefano V, Germanà MA, Vilasi S. Valorization of Apple Peels through the Study of the Effects on the Amyloid Aggregation Process of κ-Casein. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082371. [PMID: 33921801 PMCID: PMC8073991 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Waste valorization represents one of the main social challenges when promoting a circular economy and environmental sustainability. Here, we evaluated the effect of the polyphenols extracted from apple peels, normally disposed of as waste, on the amyloid aggregation process of κ-casein from bovine milk, a well-used amyloidogenic model system. The effect of the apple peel extract on protein aggregation was examined using a thioflavin T fluorescence assay, Congo red binding assay, circular dichroism, light scattering, and atomic force microscopy. We found that the phenolic extract from the peel of apples of the cultivar “Fuji”, cultivated in Sicily (Caltavuturo, Italy), inhibited κ-casein fibril formation in a dose-dependent way. In particular, we found that the extract significantly reduced the protein aggregation rate and inhibited the secondary structure reorganization that accompanies κ-casein amyloid formation. Protein-aggregated species resulting from the incubation of κ-casein in the presence of polyphenols under amyloid aggregation conditions were reduced in number and different in morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Guarrasi
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (G.C.R.); (M.A.C.); (F.L.); (M.R.); (S.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0916809356
| | - Giacoma Cinzia Rappa
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (G.C.R.); (M.A.C.); (F.L.); (M.R.); (S.V.)
| | - Maria Assunta Costa
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (G.C.R.); (M.A.C.); (F.L.); (M.R.); (S.V.)
| | - Fabio Librizzi
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (G.C.R.); (M.A.C.); (F.L.); (M.R.); (S.V.)
| | - Marco Raimondo
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (G.C.R.); (M.A.C.); (F.L.); (M.R.); (S.V.)
| | - Vita Di Stefano
- Dipartimento Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Maria Antonietta Germanà
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 4, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Silvia Vilasi
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (G.C.R.); (M.A.C.); (F.L.); (M.R.); (S.V.)
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24
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Ferguson MQ, DeRosa MC. Optimized experimental pre-treatment strategy for temporary inhibition of islet amyloid polypeptide aggregation. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26:100964. [PMID: 33912690 PMCID: PMC8063701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is a neuroendocrine hormone from pancreatic β-cells. Misfolded, aggregated IAPP is believed to be toxic to islet cells and amyloid deposits in the pancreas are pathological hallmarks of type 2 diabetes. Rapid fibrillization of this peptide makes it difficult to study in its soluble form, impeding a better understanding of its role. In this study, a variety of popular pretreatment methods were tested for their ability to delay aggregation of IAPP, including solutions of hexafluoroisopropanol, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, phosphate buffered saline, ammonium hydroxide, as well as tris buffer at different pH and containing either calcium (II), zinc (II), or iron (II). Aggregation was assessed using the thioflavin T fluorescence assay as well as by transmission electron microscopy. Tris buffer at pH 8.1 containing Zn(II) was found to have the best balance of temporary inhibition of aggregation and biological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Q Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Maria C DeRosa
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
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25
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Duan Y, Chen J, Jin Y, Tu Q, Wang S, Xiang J. Antibody-Free Determinations of Low-Mass, Soluble Oligomers of Aβ 42 and Aβ 40 by Planar Bilayer Lipid Membrane-Based Electrochemical Biosensor. Anal Chem 2021; 93:3611-3617. [PMID: 33571410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease among the elderly. Abnormal aggregates of both β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) subtypes, Aβ42 and Aβ40, are the typical neuropathology hallmarks of AD. However, because of the lack of specific recognition elements such as an antibody and aptamer, it is difficult to differentiate and determine the oligomers of Aβ42 and Aβ40 in clinic. In this paper, we developed a planar bilayer lipid membrane (BLM)-based electrochemical biosensor. According to the dynamic differences on oligomer-induced BLM damage, both low-mass, soluble oligomers of Aβ42 and Aβ40 (L-Aβ42O and L-Aβ40O) were measured in turn by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The BLM was supported by a porous 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid layer on a gold electrode, which amplified the impedance signal corresponding to the membrane damage and improved the detection sensitivity. The weakly charged surface of the BLM ensured the low non-specific adsorption of coexisting proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Using the electrochemical biosensor, L-Aβ42O was determined within 20 min, with a linear range from 5 to 500 pM and a detection limit of 3 pM. Meanwhile, L-Aβ40O was determined within 60 min, with a linear range from 60 pM to 6.0 nM and a detection limit of 26 pM. The recoveries in oligomer-spiked artificial CSF and human CSF samples confirmed the accuracy and applicability of this proposed method in clinic. This work provides an antibody-free, highly selective, and sensitive method for simultaneous detections of L-Aβ42O and L-Aβ40O in real CSF samples, which is significant for the early diagnosis and prognosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemei Duan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jia Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yan Jin
- Operation Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Qiuyun Tu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Shuhui Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Juan Xiang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
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26
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Faller P, Hureau C. Reproducibility Problems of Amyloid-β Self-Assembly and How to Deal With Them. Front Chem 2021; 8:611227. [PMID: 33520935 PMCID: PMC7841044 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.611227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-assembly of peptides and proteins into amyloid fibrils and other aggregates are linked to several diseases. One of the most studied cases is the peptide amyloid-β (Aβ), found self-assembled in Alzheimer's disease patients' brains. In test tubes, assays with chemically synthesized or recombinant Aβ are widely investigated to understand the aggregation process and to find modulators, which could be of therapeutic interest. Experience over more than a decade in our laboratory through discussions with colleagues, expertly studying the literature, and as reviewers revealed to us the widely encountered difficulty to control the aggregation and obtain reproducible results in the test tube. However, this issue is scarcely reported and discussed in the publications, which we think hampers strongly the progress in this field and can deceive newcomers. Here, we describe the difficulty and potential reasons to obtain reproducible aggregation data and propose some guidelines for working with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Faller
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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27
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Johnson ECB, Ho K, Yu GQ, Das M, Sanchez PE, Djukic B, Lopez I, Yu X, Gill M, Zhang W, Paz JT, Palop JJ, Mucke L. Behavioral and neural network abnormalities in human APP transgenic mice resemble those of App knock-in mice and are modulated by familial Alzheimer's disease mutations but not by inhibition of BACE1. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:53. [PMID: 32921309 PMCID: PMC7489007 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00393-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent and costly neurodegenerative disorder. Although diverse lines of evidence suggest that the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is involved in its causation, the precise mechanisms remain unknown and no treatments are available to prevent or halt the disease. A favorite hypothesis has been that APP contributes to AD pathogenesis through the cerebral accumulation of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), which is derived from APP through sequential proteolytic cleavage by BACE1 and γ-secretase. However, inhibitors of these enzymes have failed in clinical trials despite clear evidence for target engagement. METHODS To further elucidate the roles of APP and its metabolites in AD pathogenesis, we analyzed transgenic mice overexpressing wildtype human APP (hAPP) or hAPP carrying mutations that cause autosomal dominant familial AD (FAD), as well as App knock-in mice that do not overexpress hAPP but have two mouse App alleles with FAD mutations and a humanized Aβ sequence. RESULTS Although these lines of mice had marked differences in cortical and hippocampal levels of APP, APP C-terminal fragments, soluble Aβ, Aβ oligomers and age-dependent amyloid deposition, they all developed cognitive deficits as well as non-convulsive epileptiform activity, a type of network dysfunction that also occurs in a substantive proportion of humans with AD. Pharmacological inhibition of BACE1 effectively reduced levels of amyloidogenic APP C-terminal fragments (C99), soluble Aβ, Aβ oligomers, and amyloid deposits in transgenic mice expressing FAD-mutant hAPP, but did not improve their network dysfunction and behavioral abnormalities, even when initiated at early stages before amyloid deposits were detectable. CONCLUSIONS hAPP transgenic and App knock-in mice develop similar pathophysiological alterations. APP and its metabolites contribute to AD-related functional alterations through complex combinatorial mechanisms that may be difficult to block with BACE inhibitors and, possibly, also with other anti-Aβ treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik C. B. Johnson
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Kaitlyn Ho
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Gui-Qiu Yu
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Melanie Das
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Pascal E. Sanchez
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Biljana Djukic
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Isabel Lopez
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Xinxing Yu
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Michael Gill
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Weiping Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jeanne T. Paz
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Jorge J. Palop
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Lennart Mucke
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
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28
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Deike S, Rothemund S, Voigt B, Samantray S, Strodel B, Binder WH. β-Turn mimetic synthetic peptides as amyloid-β aggregation inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 101:104012. [PMID: 32683138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of amyloid peptides results in severe neurodegenerative diseases. While the fibril structures of Aβ40 and Aβ42 have been described recently, resolution of the aggregation pathway and evaluation of potent inhibitors still remains elusive, in particular in view of the hairpin-region of Aβ40. We here report the preparation of beta-turn mimetic conjugates containing synthetic turn mimetic structures in the turn region of Aβ40 and Aβ16-35, replacing 2 amino acids in the turn-region G25 - K28. The structure of the turn mimic induces both, acceleration of fibrillation and the complete inhibition of fibrillation, confirming the importance of the turn region on the aggregation. Replacing position G25-S26 provided the best inhibition effect for both beta-turn mimetics, the bicyclic BTD 1 and the aromatic TAA 2, while positions N27-K28 and V24-G25 showed only weaker or no inhibitory effects. When comparing different turn mimetics at the same position (G25-S26), conjugate 1a bearing the BTD turn showed the best inhibition of Aβ40 aggregation, while 5-amino-valeric acid 4a showed the weakest effect. Thus there is a pronounced impact on fibrillation with the chemical nature of the embedded beta-turn-mimic: the conformationally constrained turns 1 and 2 lead to a significantly reduced fibrillation, even inhibiting fibrillation of native Aβ40 when added in amounts down to 1/10, whereas the more flexible beta-turn-mimics 4-amino-benzoic acid 3a and 5-amino-valeric acid 4a lead to enhanced fibrillation. Toxicity-testing of the most successful conjugate showed only minor toxicity in cell-viability assays using the N2a cell line. Structural downsizing lead to the short fragment BTD/peptide Aβ16-35 as inhibitor of the aggregation of Aβ40, opening large potential for further small peptide based inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Deike
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Sven Rothemund
- Core Unit Peptid-Technologien, University Leipzig, Liebigstr. 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bruno Voigt
- Department of Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimannstrasse 7 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Suman Samantray
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Birgit Strodel
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Binder
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle, Germany.
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29
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Maity S, Lyubchenko YL. AFM Probing of Amyloid-Beta 42 Dimers and Trimers. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:69. [PMID: 32391380 PMCID: PMC7193107 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the molecular mechanisms in the development of such a devastating neurodegenerative disorder as Alzheimer's disease (AD) is currently one of the major challenges of molecular medicine. Evidence strongly suggests that the development of AD is due to the accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) oligomers; therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms defining the conversion of physiologically important monomers of Aβ proteins into neurotoxic oligomeric species is the key for the development of treatments and preventions of AD. However, these oligomers are unstable and unavailable for structural, physical, and chemical studies. We have recently developed a novel flexible nano array (FNA)-oligomer scaffold approach in which monomers tethered inside a flexible template can assemble spontaneously into oligomers with sizes defined by the number of tethered monomers. The FNA approach was tested on short decamer Aβ(14-23) peptides which were assembled into dimers and trimers. In this paper, we have extended our FNA technique for assembling full-length Aβ42 dimers. The FNA scaffold enabling the self-assembly of Aβ42 dimers from tethered monomeric species has been designed and the assembly of the dimers has been validated by AFM force spectroscopy experiments. Two major parameters of the force spectroscopy probing, the rupture forces and the rupture profiles, were obtained to prove the assembly of Aβ42 dimers. In addition, the FNA-Aβ42 dimers were used to probe Aβ42 trimers in the force spectroscopy experiments with the use of AFM tips functionalized with FNA-Aβ42 dimers and the surface with immobilized Aβ42 monomers. We found that the binding force for the Aβ42 trimer is higher than the dimer (75 ± 7 pN vs. 60 ± 3 pN) and the rupture pattern corresponds to a cooperative dissociation of the trimer. The rupture profiles for the dissociation of the Aβ42 dimers and trimers are proposed. Prospects for further extension of the FNA-based approach for probing of higher order oligomers of Aβ42 proteins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuri L. Lyubchenko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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30
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Abstract
Amyloid beta peptide (Aβ)-related studies require an adequate supply of purified Aβ peptide. However, Aβ peptides are “difficult sequences” to synthesize chemically, and low yields are common due to aggregation during purification. Here, we demonstrate an easier synthesis, deprotection, reduction, cleavage, and purification process for Aβ(1-40) using standard 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-protected amino acids and solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) resin [HMBA (4-hydroxymethyl benzamide) resin] that provides higher yields of Aβ(1-40) than previous standard protocols. Furthermore, purification requires a similar amount of time as conventional purification processes, although the peptide must be cleaved from the resin immediately prior to purification. The method described herein is not limited to the production of Aβ(1-40), and can be used to synthesize other easily-oxidized and aggregating sequences. Our proposed methodology will contribute to various fields using “difficult sequence” peptides, such as pharmaceutical and materials science, as well as research for the diagnosis and treatment of protein/peptide misfolding diseases.
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31
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Ye Q, Wu YH, Gao Y, Li ZH, Gu WJ, Zhang CG. A histological study of mouse tissues and water loss following lyophilization. Biotech Histochem 2019; 95:325-332. [PMID: 31850810 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2019.1695945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lyophilization is a practical method for product storage and transportation; it commonly is used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Lyophilization also is used for preserving biological samples such as serum, plasma and animal tissues. We found that lyophilization does not affect the stability of RNAs and proteins in tissue samples. To investigate histological characteristics, we prepared lyophilized tissues for paraffin sectioning and hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining. We also measured water loss from organs during lyophilization. We used immunohistochemistry of frozen brain sections to identify potential protective effects of three concentrations of sucrose, glucose and trehalose against the effects of lyophilization. H & E staining revealed vacuoles in heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen and brain after lyophilization without pretreatments, especially heart and kidney. We found that 10% solutions of sucrose, glucose and trehalose helped preserve tissue morphology. Immunohistochemistry of frozen brain tissue showed that 10% glucose and 30% sucrose preserved cellular characteristics and immunogenicity following lyophilization. Lyophilization removed > 70% of the water from organs, and lyophilized tissues without protectants were not suitable for histological study. Overall, we found that 10% glucose helped preserve both optimal tissue morphology and immunogenicity of freeze-dried tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Ye
- Clinical Aviation Medicine Laboratory, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing 100142, China.,Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Y H Wu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Y Gao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Z H Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing 100850, China
| | - W J Gu
- Clinical Aviation Medicine Laboratory, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing 100142, China
| | - C G Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing 100850, China
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32
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Shi H, Li H, Gong W, Gong R, Qian A, Lee JY, Guo W. Structural and Binding Properties on Aβ Mature Fibrils Due to the Histidine Tautomeric Effect. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:4612-4618. [PMID: 31566366 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have focused on histidine behaviors in misfolding diseases. However, histidine behaviors on mature fibrils are still unknown. In the current study, we investigated mature fibrils with various histidine states to understand the structural properties of the histidine tautomeric effect on mature fibrils. Our results show that substituting chain 1 with different histidine states affects Aβ structural properties in A2, D7-G9, H14-Q15, S26-N27, and G33-G37 regions. The binding free energies with substituted fibrils were influenced not only along the axial direction, but also between duplex fibrils. Our results suggest that substituted (εδδ) preferentially disturbed the stability among the current mature fibrils. Further, H-bonded network differences indicate that twisted morphologies in mature fibrils are derived from the position and orientation of the imidazole ring in histidines. Our current study helps to elucidate histidine behaviors on mature fibrils, which will present opportunities to understand the misfolding mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Jin Yong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
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33
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Vilasi S, Carrotta R, Ricci C, Rappa GC, Librizzi F, Martorana V, Ortore MG, Mangione MR. Inhibition of Aβ 1-42 Fibrillation by Chaperonins: Human Hsp60 Is a Stronger Inhibitor than Its Bacterial Homologue GroEL. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3565-3574. [PMID: 31298838 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of pathological aggregates of amyloid beta peptide. Many efforts have been focused on understanding peptide aggregation pathways and on identification of molecules able to inhibit aggregation in order to find an effective therapy. As a result, interest in neuroprotective proteins, such as molecular chaperones, has increased as their normal function is to assist in protein folding or to facilitate the disaggregation and/or clearance of abnormal aggregate proteins. Using biophysical techniques, we evaluated the effects of two chaperones, human Hsp60 and bacterial GroEL, on the fibrillogenesis of Aβ1-42. Both chaperonins interfere with Aβ1-42 aggregation, but the effect of Hsp60 is more significant and correlates with its more pronounced flexibility and stronger interaction with ANS, an indicator of hydrophobic regions. Dose-dependent ThT fluorescence kinetics and SAXS experiments reveal that Hsp60 does not change the nature of the molecular processes stochastically leading to the formation of seeds, but strongly delays them by recognition of hydrophobic sites of some peptide species crucial for triggering amyloid formation. Hsp60 reduces the initial chaotic heterogeneity of Aβ1-42 sample at high concentration regimes. The understanding of chaperone action in counteracting pathological aggregation could be a starting point for potential new therapeutic strategies against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vilasi
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Palermo 90146, Italy
| | - Rita Carrotta
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Palermo 90146, Italy
| | - Caterina Ricci
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Librizzi
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Palermo 90146, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Martorana
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Palermo 90146, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Ortore
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona 60131, Italy
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Xia Y, Padmanabhan P, Sarangapani S, Gulyás B, Vadakke Matham M. Bifunctional Fluorescent/Raman Nanoprobe for the Early Detection of Amyloid. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8497. [PMID: 31186449 PMCID: PMC6560097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the abnormal aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides. Therefore the detection of Aβ peptides and imaging of amyloid plaques are considered as promising diagnostic methods for AD. Here we report a bifunctional nanoprobe prepared by conjugating gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with Rose Bengal (RB) dye. RB is chosen due to its unique Raman fingerprints and affinity with Aβ peptides. After the conjugation, Raman signals of RB were significantly enhanced due to the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect. Upon binding with Aβ42 peptides, a spectrum change was detected, and the magnitude of the spectrum changes can be correlated with the concentration of target peptides. The peptide/probe interaction also induced a remarkable enhancement in the probes' fluorescence emission. This fluorescence enhancement was further utilized to image amyloid plaques in the brain slices from transgenic mice. In this study, the RB-AuNPs were used for both SERS-based detection of Aβ42 peptides and fluorescence-based imaging of amyloid plaques. Compared to monofunctional probes, the multifunctional probe is capable to provide more comprehensive pathophysiological information, and therefore, the implementation of such multifunctional amyloid probes is expected to help the investigation of amyloid aggregation and the early diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xia
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Center for Optical and Laser Engineering (COLE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, 639798, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Parasuraman Padmanabhan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, 637553, Singapore.
| | - Sreelatha Sarangapani
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Center for Optical and Laser Engineering (COLE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Balázs Gulyás
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Murukeshan Vadakke Matham
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Center for Optical and Laser Engineering (COLE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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Xing X, Zhao W, Hu D, Kang B, Shi H, Lee JY, Ai H. Tautomerization Effect of Histidines on Oligomer Aggregation of β-Amyloid(1-40/42) during the Early Stage: Tautomerism Hypothesis for Misfolding Protein Aggregation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2602-2608. [PMID: 30813720 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As the intrinsic origin of the hypothesis for β-amyloid (Aβ) from Alzheimer's disease, histidine behaviors were found to play a crucial role in Aβ aggregation. To investigate the histidine behaviors during the early stage of aggregation, Aβ40/42 pentamers with different histidine isomer states were simulated at the atomic level. Results show that five Aβ40 (δδδ) and Aβ42 (εδδ) monomers can rapidly decrease the aggregation threshold, promote stable pentamer formation, and increase pentamer contents by 51.8% and 56.7%, respectively, as compared with the values of their wild-type (εεε) counterparts. Additionally, pentamers of Aβ40 (δδδ) and Aβ42 (εδδ) have different aggregation pathways and disassembly species, Tr+D and Te+M, during the growth of the pentamer. This work discloses the significance of histidine tautomerization in Aβ aggregation, implying a potential way to control Aβ aggregation and develop the assembly inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Dingkun Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Baotao Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
| | - Hu Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Hongqi Ai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, P. R. China
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36
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Fanni AM, Monge FA, Lin CY, Thapa A, Bhaskar K, Whitten DG, Chi EY. High Selectivity and Sensitivity of Oligomeric p-Phenylene Ethynylenes for Detecting Fibrillar and Prefibrillar Amyloid Protein Aggregates. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:1813-1825. [PMID: 30657326 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Misfolding and aggregation of amyloid proteins into fibrillar aggregates is a central pathogenic event in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's diseases (PD). Currently, there is a lack of reliable sensors for detecting the range of protein aggregates involved in disease etiology, particularly the prefibrillar aggregate conformations that are more neurotoxic. In this study, the fluorescent sensing of two novel oligomeric p-phenylene ethynylenes (OPEs), anionic OPE1- and cationic OPE2+, for detecting prefibrillar and fibrillar aggregates of AD-associated amyloid-β (Aβ40 and Aβ42) and PD-associated α-synuclein proteins (wildtype, and single mutants A30P, E35K, and A53T) over their monomeric counterparts, were tested. Furthermore, the performance of OPEs was evaluated and compared to thioflavin T (ThT), the most widely used fibril dye. Our results show that OPE1- and OPE2+ exhibited aggregate-specific binding inducing large fluorescence turn-on and spectral shifts based on a combination of backbone planarization, hydrophobic unquenching, and superluminescent OPE complex formation sensing modes. OPEs exhibited higher selectivity, higher binding affinity, and comparable limits of detection for Aβ40 fibrils compared to ThT. OPE2+ exhibited the largest fluorescence turn-on and highest sensitivity. Significantly, OPEs detected prefibrillar aggregates of Aβ42 and α-synuclein that ThT failed to detect. The superior sensing performance, the nonprotein specific detection, and the ability to selectively detect fibrillar and prefibrillar amyloid protein aggregates point to the potential of OPEs to overcome the limitations of existing probes and promise significant advancement in the detection of the myriad of protein aggregates involved in the early stages of AD and PD.
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Valiente-Gabioud AA, Riedel D, Outeiro TF, Menacho-Márquez MA, Griesinger C, Fernández CO. Binding Modes of Phthalocyanines to Amyloid β Peptide and Their Effects on Amyloid Fibril Formation. Biophys J 2019. [PMID: 29539391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inherent tendency of proteins to convert from their native states into amyloid aggregates is associated with a range of human disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. In that sense, the use of small molecules as probes for the structural and toxic mechanism related to amyloid aggregation has become an active area of research. Compared with other compounds, the structural and molecular basis behind the inhibitory interaction of phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (PcTS) with proteins such as αS and tau has been well established, contributing to a better understanding of the amyloid aggregation process in these proteins. We present here the structural characterization of the binding of PcTS and its Cu(II) and Zn(II)-loaded forms to the amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) and the impact of these interactions on the peptide amyloid fibril assembly. Elucidation of the PcTS binding modes to Aβ40 revealed the involvement of specific aromatic and hydrophobic interactions in the formation of the Aβ40-PcTS complex, ascribed to a binding mode in which the planarity and hydrophobicity of the aromatic ring system in the phthalocyanine act as main structural determinants for the interaction. Our results demonstrated that formation of the Aβ40-PcTS complex does not interfere with the progression of the peptide toward the formation of amyloid fibrils. On the other hand, conjugation of Zn(II) but not Cu(II) at the center of the PcTS macrocyclic ring modified substantially the binding profile of this phthalocyanine to Aβ40 and became crucial to reverse the effects of metal-free PcTS on the fibril assembly of the peptide. Overall, our results provide a firm basis to understand the structural rules directing phthalocyanine-protein interactions and their implications on the amyloid fibril assembly of the target proteins; in particular, our results contradict the hypothesis that PcTS might have similar mechanisms of action in slowing the formation of a variety of pathological aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel A Valiente-Gabioud
- Max Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Rosario (MPLbioR, UNR-MPIbpC) and Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario (IIDEFAR, UNR-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Dietmar Riedel
- Facility for Transmission Electron Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration; Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mauricio A Menacho-Márquez
- Max Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Rosario (MPLbioR, UNR-MPIbpC) and Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario (IIDEFAR, UNR-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Christian Griesinger
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Department of NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudio O Fernández
- Max Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Rosario (MPLbioR, UNR-MPIbpC) and Instituto de Investigaciones para el Descubrimiento de Fármacos de Rosario (IIDEFAR, UNR-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, Rosario, Argentina; Department of NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.
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Vadukul DM, Al-Hilaly YK, Serpell LC. Methods for Structural Analysis of Amyloid Fibrils in Misfolding Diseases. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1873:109-122. [PMID: 30341606 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8820-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many proteins and peptides are able to self-assemble in solution in vitro and in vivo to form amyloid-like fibrils. These fibrils share common structural characteristics. In order for a fibril to be characterized as amyloid, it is expected to fit certain criteria including the composition of cross-β. Here we describe how the formation of amyloid fibrils can be characterized in vitro using a variety of methods including circular dichroism and intrinsic tyrosine/tryptophan fluoresence to follow conformational changes; Thioflavin and/or ThS assembly to monitor nucleation and growth; transmission electron microscopy to visualize fibrillar morphology and X-ray fiber diffraction to examine cross-β structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Youssra K Al-Hilaly
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, East Sussex, UK
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Ricci C, Maccarini M, Falus P, Librizzi F, Mangione MR, Moran O, Ortore MG, Schweins R, Vilasi S, Carrotta R. Amyloid β-Peptide Interaction with Membranes: Can Chaperones Change the Fate? J Phys Chem B 2018; 123:631-638. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b11719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Ricci
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60122, Italy
| | - Marco Maccarini
- Université Grenoble Alpes—Laboratoire TIMC/IMAG UMR CNRS 5525, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Peter Falus
- Science Division, Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble Cedex 9 38042, France
| | | | | | - Oscar Moran
- Istituto di Biofisica, CNR, Genova 16149, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Ortore
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60122, Italy
| | - Ralf Schweins
- Science Division, Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble Cedex 9 38042, France
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Effect of Varying Concentrations of Docosahexaenoic Acid on Amyloid Beta (1⁻42) Aggregation: An Atomic Force Microscopy Study. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123089. [PMID: 30486385 PMCID: PMC6321163 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthcare has advanced significantly, bringing with it longer life expectancies and a growing population of elders who suffer from dementia, specifically Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide has been implicated in the cause of AD, where the peptides undergo a conformational change and form neurotoxic amyloid oligomers which cause neuronal cell death. While AD has no cure, preventative measures are being designed to either slow down or stop the progression of this neurodegenerative disease. One of these measures involves dietary supplements with polyunsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). This omega-3 fatty acid is a key component of brain development and has been suggested to reduce the progression of cognitive decline. However, different studies have yielded different results as to whether DHA has positive, negative, or no effects on Aβ fibril formation. We believe that these discrepancies can be explained with varying concentrations of DHA. Here, we test the inhibitory effect of different concentrations of DHA on amyloid fibril formation using atomic force microscopy. Our results show that DHA has a strong inhibitory effect on Aβ1–42 fibril formation at lower concentrations (50% reduction in fibril length) than higher concentrations above its critical micelle concentration (70% increase in fibril length and three times the length of those at lower concentrations). We provide evidence that various concentrations of DHA can play a role in the inhibitory effects of amyloid fibril formation in vitro and help explain the discrepancies observed in previous studies.
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41
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Neprilysin degrades murine Amyloid-β (Aβ) more efficiently than human Aβ: Further implication for species-specific amyloid accumulation. Neurosci Lett 2018; 686:74-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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42
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Copper Redox Cycling Inhibits Aβ Fibre Formation and Promotes Fibre Fragmentation, while Generating a Dityrosine Aβ Dimer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16190. [PMID: 30385800 PMCID: PMC6212427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33935-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and the formation of plaques which contain amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides are two key hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Dityrosine is found in the plaques of AD patients and Aβ dimers have been linked to neurotoxicity. Here we investigate the formation of Aβ dityrosine dimers promoted by Cu2+/+ Fenton reactions. Using fluorescence measurements and UV absorbance, we show that dityrosine can be formed aerobically when Aβ is incubated with Cu2+ and hydrogen-peroxide, or in a Cu2+ and ascorbate redox mixture. The dityrosine cross-linking can occur for both monomeric and fibrillar forms of Aβ. We show that oxidative modification of Aβ impedes the ability for Aβ monomer to form fibres, as indicated by the amyloid specific dye Thioflavin T (ThT). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicates the limited amyloid assemblies that form have a marked reduction in fibre length for Aβ(1–40). Importantly, the addition of Cu2+ and a reductant to preformed Aβ(1–40) fibers causes their widespread fragmentation, reducing median fibre lengths from 800 nm to 150 nm upon oxidation. The processes of covalent cross-linking of Aβ fibres, dimer formation, and fibre fragmentation within plaques are likely to have a significant impact on Aβ clearance and neurotoxicity.
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Österlund N, Kulkarni YS, Misiaszek AD, Wallin C, Krüger DM, Liao Q, Mashayekhy Rad F, Jarvet J, Strodel B, Wärmländer SKTS, Ilag LL, Kamerlin SCL, Gräslund A. Amyloid-β Peptide Interactions with Amphiphilic Surfactants: Electrostatic and Hydrophobic Effects. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:1680-1692. [PMID: 29683649 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The amphiphilic nature of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide associated with Alzheimer's disease facilitates various interactions with biomolecules such as lipids and proteins, with effects on both structure and toxicity of the peptide. Here, we investigate these peptide-amphiphile interactions by experimental and computational studies of Aβ(1-40) in the presence of surfactants with varying physicochemical properties. Our findings indicate that electrostatic peptide-surfactant interactions are required for coclustering and structure induction in the peptide and that the strength of the interaction depends on the surfactant net charge. Both aggregation-prone peptide-rich coclusters and stable surfactant-rich coclusters can form. Only Aβ(1-40) monomers, but not oligomers, are inserted into surfactant micelles in this surfactant-rich state. Surfactant headgroup charge is suggested to be important as electrostatic peptide-surfactant interactions on the micellar surface seems to be an initiating step toward insertion. Thus, no peptide insertion or change in peptide secondary structure is observed using a nonionic surfactant. The hydrophobic peptide-surfactant interactions instead stabilize the Aβ monomer, possibly by preventing self-interaction between the peptide core and C-terminus, thereby effectively inhibiting the peptide aggregation process. These findings give increased understanding regarding the molecular driving forces for Aβ aggregation and the peptide interaction with amphiphilic biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicklas Österlund
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yashraj S. Kulkarni
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agata D. Misiaszek
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Wallin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dennis M. Krüger
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Qinghua Liao
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Farshid Mashayekhy Rad
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jüri Jarvet
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- The National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Birgit Strodel
- Institute of Complex Systems: Structural Biochemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Leopold L. Ilag
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shina C. L. Kamerlin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Astrid Gräslund
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Yoo S, Zhang S, Kreutzer AG, Nowick JS. An Efficient Method for the Expression and Purification of Aβ(M1-42). Biochemistry 2018; 57:3861-3866. [PMID: 29757632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Advances in amyloid research rely on improved access to the β-amyloid peptide, Aβ. N-Terminal methionine-extended Aβ, Aβ(M1-42), is a readily expressed and widely used form of Aβ with properties comparable to those of the natural Aβ(1-42) peptide. Expression of Aβ(M1-42) is simple to execute and avoids an expensive and often difficult enzymatic cleavage step associated with expression and isolation of Aβ(1-42). This paper reports an efficient method for the expression and purification of Aβ(M1-42) and 15N-labeled Aβ(M1-42). This method affords the pure peptide at ∼19 mg/L of bacterial culture through simple and inexpensive steps in 3 days. This paper also reports a simple method for the construction of recombinant plasmids and the expression and purification of Aβ(M1-42) peptides containing familial mutations. We anticipate that these methods will enable experiments that would otherwise be hindered by insufficient access to Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stan Yoo
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
| | - Adam G Kreutzer
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
| | - James S Nowick
- Department of Chemistry , University of California, Irvine , Irvine , California 92697-2025 , United States
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Serra-Batiste M, Tolchard J, Giusti F, Zoonens M, Carulla N. Stabilization of a Membrane-Associated Amyloid-β Oligomer for Its Validation in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:38. [PMID: 29725595 PMCID: PMC5917194 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently reported on the preparation of a membrane-associated β-barrel Pore-Forming Aβ42 Oligomer (βPFOAβ42). It corresponds to a stable and homogeneous Aβ42 oligomer that inserts into lipid bilayers as a well-defined pore and adopts a specific structure with characteristics of a β-barrel arrangement. As a follow-up of this work, we aim to establish βPFOAβ42's relevance in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, βPFOAβ42 is formed under dodecyl phosphocholine (DPC) micelle conditions-intended to mimic the hydrophobic environment of membranes-which are dynamic. Consequently, dilution of the βPFOAβ42/DPC complex in a detergent-free buffer leads to dispersion of the DPC molecules from the oligomer surface, leaving the oligomer without the hydrophobic micelle belt that stabilizes it. Since dilution is required for any biological test, transfer of βPFOAβ42 from DPC micelles into another hydrophobic biomimetic membrane environment, that remains associated with βPFOAβ42 even under high dilution conditions, is a requisite for the validation of βPFOAβ42 in AD. Here we describe conditions for exchanging DPC micelles with amphipols (APols), which are amphipathic polymers designed to stabilize membrane proteins in aqueous solutions. APols bind in an irreversible but non-covalent manner to the hydrophobic surface of membrane proteins preserving their structure even under extreme dilution conditions. We tested three types of APols with distinct physical-chemical properties and found that the βPFOAβ42/DPC complex can only be trapped in non-ionic APols (NAPols). The characterization of the resulting βPFOAβ42/NAPol complex by biochemical tools and structural biology techniques allowed us to establish that the oligomer structure is maintained even under high dilution. Based on these findings, this work constitutes a first step towards the in vivo validation of βPFOAβ42 in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Serra-Batiste
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - James Tolchard
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.,CBMN (UMR 5248), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IPB, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Fabrice Giusti
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Moléculaire des Protéines Membranaires (UMR 7099), Université Paris-7 - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
| | - Manuela Zoonens
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Moléculaire des Protéines Membranaires (UMR 7099), Université Paris-7 - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
| | - Natàlia Carulla
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.,CBMN (UMR 5248), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IPB, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
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Bode DC, Stanyon HF, Hirani T, Baker MD, Nield J, Viles JH. Serum Albumin's Protective Inhibition of Amyloid-β Fiber Formation Is Suppressed by Cholesterol, Fatty Acids and Warfarin. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:919-934. [PMID: 29409811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Central to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is the assembly of monomeric amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) into oligomers and fibers. The most abundant protein in the blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid is human serum albumin. Albumin can bind to Aβ and is capable of inhibiting the fibrillization of Aβ at physiological (μM) concentrations. The ability of albumin to bind Aβ has recently been exploited in a phase II clinical trial, which showed a reduction in cognitive decline in AD patients undergoing albumin-plasma exchange. Here we explore the equilibrium between Aβ monomer, oligomer and fiber in the presence of albumin. Using transmission electron microscopy and thioflavin-T fluorescent dye, we have shown that albumin traps Aβ as oligomers, 9 nm in diameter. We show that albumin-trapped Aβ oligomeric assemblies are not capable of forming ion channels, which suggests a mechanism by which albumin is protective in Aβ-exposed neuronal cells. In vivo albumin binds a variety of endogenous and therapeutic exogenous hydrophobic molecules, including cholesterol, fatty acids and warfarin. We show that these molecules bind to albumin and suppress its ability to inhibit Aβ fiber formation. The interplay between Aβ, albumin and endogenous hydrophobic molecules impacts Aβ assembly; thus, changes in cholesterol and fatty acid levels in vivo may impact Aβ fibrillization, by altering the capacity of albumin to bind Aβ. These observations are particularly intriguing given that high cholesterol or fatty acid diets are well-established risk factors for late-onset AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Bode
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd., London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Helen F Stanyon
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd., London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Trisha Hirani
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd., London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Mark D Baker
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Whitechapel E1 2AT, UK
| | - Jon Nield
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd., London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - John H Viles
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd., London, E1 4NS, UK.
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Bengoetxea X, de Cerain AL, Azqueta A, Ramirez MJ. Purported Interactions of Amyloid-β and Glucocorticoids in Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity: Implications in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 54:1085-1094. [PMID: 27589535 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of aggregates of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) that are believed to be neurotoxic. One of the purposed damaging mechanisms of Aβ is oxidative insult, which eventually could damage the cellular genome. Stress and associated increases in glucocorticoids (GCs) have been described as a risk factor for the development of AD, although the purported genotoxic effects of GCs have not been fully characterized. Therefore, it is possible to speculate about purported synergistic effects of GCs on the Aβ-driven genotoxic damage. This in vitro study addresses the single and combined cyto/genotoxic effects of Aβ and GCs in SH-SY5Y cells. Cytotoxicity was determined by the MTT assay, and the genotoxic effects were studied using the comet assay. A comet assay derivation allows for measuring the presence of the FPG-sensitive sites (mainly 8-oxoguanines) in the DNA, apart from the DNA strand breaks. Treatment with Aβ (10 μM, 72 h) induced cytotoxicity (35% decrease in cell viability) and DNA strand breaks, but had no significant effect on oxidative DNA damage (FPG sites). Corticosterone showed no effect on cell viability, genotoxicity, or reparation processes. Corticosterone was unable to neither reverse nor potentiate Aβ driven effects. The present results suggest the existence of alternative mechanisms for the Aβ driven damage, not involving oxidative damage of DNA. In addition, could be suggested that the interaction between Aβ and GCs in AD does not seem to involve DNA damage.
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Zapadka KL, Becher FJ, Gomes Dos Santos AL, Jackson SE. Factors affecting the physical stability (aggregation) of peptide therapeutics. Interface Focus 2017; 7:20170030. [PMID: 29147559 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2017.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of biological therapeutic agents in the clinic and development pipeline has increased dramatically over the last decade and the number will undoubtedly continue to increase in the coming years. Despite this fact, there are considerable challenges in the development, production and formulation of such biologics particularly with respect to their physical stabilities. There are many cases where self-association to form either amorphous aggregates or highly structured fibrillar species limits their use. Here, we review the numerous factors that influence the physical stability of peptides including both intrinsic and external factors, wherever possible illustrating these with examples that are of therapeutic interest. The effects of sequence, concentration, pH, net charge, excipients, chemical degradation and modification, surfaces and interfaces, and impurities are all discussed. In addition, the effects of physical parameters such as pressure, temperature, agitation and lyophilization are described. We provide an overview of the structures of aggregates formed, as well as our current knowledge of the mechanisms for their formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederik J Becher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | | | - Sophie E Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
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Drolle E, Negoda A, Hammond K, Pavlov E, Leonenko Z. Changes in lipid membranes may trigger amyloid toxicity in Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182194. [PMID: 28767712 PMCID: PMC5540602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-beta peptides (Aβ), implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), interact with the cellular membrane and induce amyloid toxicity. The composition of cellular membranes changes in aging and AD. We designed multi-component lipid models to mimic healthy and diseased states of the neuronal membrane. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and black lipid membrane (BLM) techniques, we demonstrated that these model membranes differ in their nanoscale structure and physical properties, and interact differently with Aβ1–42. Based on our data, we propose a new hypothesis that changes in lipid membrane due to aging and AD may trigger amyloid toxicity through electrostatic mechanisms, similar to the accepted mechanism of antimicrobial peptide action. Understanding the role of the membrane changes as a key activating amyloid toxicity may aid in the development of a new avenue for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Drolle
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.,Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Alexander Negoda
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Keely Hammond
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Evgeny Pavlov
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,Department of Basic Sciences, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Zoya Leonenko
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.,Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
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Liu H, Dong X, Liu F, Zheng J, Sun Y. Iminodiacetic acid-conjugated nanoparticles as a bifunctional modulator against Zn 2+-mediated amyloid β-protein aggregation and cytotoxicity. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 505:973-982. [PMID: 28693098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) fibrils in human brain, and the binding of metal ions, such as Zn2+, is closely associated with the aggregation and cytotoxicity of Aβ. Here, we designed and synthesized iminodiacetic acid-conjugated nanoparticles (IDA-NP) to modulate Aβ42 aggregation and reduce the cytotoxicity accelerated by Zn2+. Results showed that IDA-NP enabled high metal-chelate capacity (752μmol/g) and potent inhibition capability against Aβ42 fibrillation. Zn2+ ions could be completely removed by chelating to IDA-NP, which leads to the recovery of on-pathway Aβ42 fibrillation. Then, the special surface character of IDA-NP inhibited Aβ42 fibrillation. As a result, IDA-NP protected SH-SY5Y cells from the cytotoxicity induced by Zn2+-Aβ42 species, as evidenced by about 80% (from 47.6% to 86.3%) increase of the cell viability. The research proved that IDA-NP was a potent bifunctional nano-modulator for preventing Zn2+-mediated Aβ aggregation and cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchen Liu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Fufeng Liu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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