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Li LN. Peganum harmala L.: A Review of Botany, Traditional Use, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Quality Marker, and Toxicity. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:797-822. [PMID: 37350001 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230622164243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peganum harmala L. is a perennial herb of Peganum in Zygophyllaceae family. It has been used as a national medicinal herb with the efficacy of strengthening muscle, warming stomach, dispelling cold, and removing dampness in Chinese folk. Clinically, it is mainly used to treat diseases such as weak muscles and veins, joint pain, cough and phlegm, dizziness, headache, and irregular menstruation. METHODS The relevant information about P. harmala L. in this review is based on online databases, including Elsevier, Willy, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, SpringLink, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, ACS publications, SciHub, Scopus, and CNKI. The other information was acquired from ancient books and classical works about P. harmala L. RESULTS P. harmala L. is an important medicinal plant with a variety of traditional uses according to the theory of Chinese medicine. Phytochemical research revealed that P. harmala L. contained alkaloids, volatile oils, flavonoids, triterpenoids, coumarins, lignins, anthraquinones. Modern studies showed P. harmala L. possessed multiple bioactivities, including anti-cancer, neuroprotective, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, anti-hypertensive, anti-asthmatic, and insecticidal activities. Furthermore, the contents of the quality marker and toxicity of P. harmala L. were summarized and analyzed in this review. CONCLUSION The botany, traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality marker, and toxicity of P. harmala L. were reviewed in this paper. It will not only provide an important clue for further studying P. harmala L., but also supply an important theoretical basis and valuable reference for in-depth research and exploitations of this plant in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Na Li
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Zibo Vocational Institute, Zibo, China
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Bahari H, Taheri S, Namkhah Z, Barghchi H, Arzhang P, Nattagh-Eshtivani E. Effects of sumac supplementation on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2024; 38:241-252. [PMID: 37864474 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to gather data on the effects of sumac supplementation on lipid profile. A systematic literature search was carried out using electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) up to March 2023 to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of sumac intake on lipid profile as an outcome. All participants enrolled in our study were adult individuals who consumed sumac, in various forms, as an intervention. The included articles were assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. Heterogeneity tests of the selected trials were performed using the I2 statistic. Random effects models were assessed based on the heterogeneity tests, and pooled data were determined as the weighted mean difference with a 95% confidence interval. In total, seven RCTs with a total sample size of 570 subjects were included. This study found a significant decrease in total cholesterol (TC) (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -10.01 mg/dL; 95% CI: -18.67, -1.34), triglyceride (TG) (WMD: -8.52 mg/dL; 95% CI: -14.79, -2.25), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-C levels (WMD: -9.25 mg/dL; 95% CI: -14.56, -3.93); Moreover, a significant increase was observed in high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C concentration (WMD: 2.97 mg/dL; 95% CI: 0.75, 5.19). The reduction in TG and TC was greater in studies with a duration of ≥12 compared to <12 weeks. The increase in HDL-C was greater in participants with an intervention duration of ≥12 compared to <12 weeks. Moreover, subgroup analysis based on the dose of sumac suggested a significant reduction in TC and LDL, specifically for doses below 3 g. Consumption of sumac significantly decreased serum TC, LDL-C, and TG concentrations. This study suggested significantly positive effects on HDL-C by intake of sumac. Longer interventions (>12 weeks) have a more favorable impact on TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C, while sumac doses below 3 g/day show greater effects on TC and LDL-C. These findings underscore the potential of sumac supplementation as a valuable approach to lipid profile management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Bahari
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Taheri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Zahra Namkhah
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hanieh Barghchi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pishva Arzhang
- Qods Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elyas Nattagh-Eshtivani
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Science, Gonabad, Iran
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Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac), a Versatile and Resourceful Food Spice with Cornucopia of Polyphenols. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165179. [PMID: 36014419 PMCID: PMC9414570 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, utilization of Rhus coriaria L. (sumac) is upgrading not only in their culinary use and human nutrition, but also in the pharmaceutical industry, food industry and veterinary practices. This is driven by accumulating evidence that support the ethnobotanical use of this plant; in particular, advanced knowledge of the content of nutritional, medicinal and techno-functional bioactive ingredients. Herein, we discuss polyphenolic compounds as the main bioactive ingredients in Rhus coriaria L., which contribute mainly to the significance and utility of this spice. Most of the antioxidant potential and therapeutic roles of sumac are increasingly attributed to its constituent tannins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Hydroxyphenyl pyranoanthocyanins and other anthocynins are responsible for the highly desired red pigments accounting for the strong pigmentation capacity and colorant ability of sumac. Certain polyphenols and the essential oil components are responsible for the peculiar flavor and antimicrobial activity of sumac. Tannin-rich sumac extracts and isolates are known to enhance the food quality and the oxidative stability of animal products such as meat and milk. In conclusion, polyphenol-rich sumac extracts and its bioactive ingredients could be exploited towards developing novel food products which do not only address the current consumers' interests regarding organoleptic and nutritional value of food, but also meet the growing need for 'clean label' as well as value addition with respect to antioxidant capacity, disease prevention, and health promotion in humans.
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Samakar B, Mehri S, Hosseinzadeh H. A review of the effects of Urtica dioica (nettle) in metabolic syndrome. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:543-553. [PMID: 35911652 PMCID: PMC9282742 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.58892.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a serious health condition, yet a common worldwide disorder. It includes several risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and high glucose levels which lead the patients to higher risks of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and stroke. Phytotherapy plays an important role in treating components of metabolic syndrome. Nettle (Urtica dioica) is considered a valuable plant due to bioactive compounds such as formic acid and rich sources of flavonoids. To acknowledge the role of nettle in metabolic syndrome, several mechanisms have been suggested such as alterations in potassium and calcium channels which improve hypertension. Antihyperlipidemic properties of nettle are mediated by inhibition of HMGCoA reductase and amelioration of lipid peroxidation via antioxidant effects. Also, one of the flavonoids in nettle, quercetin, is responsible for decreasing total cholesterol. Moreover, nettle is responsible for anti-diabetic effects through processes such as increasing insulin secretion and proliferation of pancreatic β-cells. This review aims to gather different studies to confirm the potential efficacy of nettle in metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Samakar
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Khalil M, Hayek S, Khalil N, Serale N, Vergani L, Calasso M, De Angelis M, Portincasa P. Role of Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) in the management of metabolic syndrome and related disorders: Focus on NAFLD-atherosclerosis interplay. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Hashem-Dabaghian F, Ghods R, Shojaii A, Abdi L, Campos-Toimil M, Yousefsani BS. Rhus coriaria L., a new candidate for controlling metabolic syndrome: a systematic review. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:1-12. [PMID: 34673978 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rhus coriaria L. (RC) is a deciduous shrub with several pharmacological activities. Evidence of the effects of RC on weight, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus have been presented in this study. Books, thesis and internet-based resources such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane, Ovid and Google Scholar were searched for the English, Arabic and Persian literature from 1966 to 2020 (December). The keywords were Rhus coriaria L., Sumac, metabolic syndrome and all its medical conditions (hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, obesity and diabetes mellitus). The inclusion criteria were full-text animal and human studies conducted on RC to evaluate its efficacy on any components of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Jadad scale was used to assess the quality of evidence. KEY FINDINGS Reviewing 23 relevant studies demonstrated that RC is able to decrease the level of blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin, serum insulin and insulin resistance. Studies on hyperlipidaemia and obesity have very contradicting results, and there is no definite conclusion on the effect of RC on lipid profile. However, the hypotensive and effect of RC was confirmed in the existing studies. SUMMARY According to the literature, RC can be considered as a promising curative candidate for MetS. However, further studies with larger sample size and higher methodological quality are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fataneh Hashem-Dabaghian
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Group, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roshanak Ghods
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Group, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asie Shojaii
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Group, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Abdi
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Group, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manuel Campos-Toimil
- Physiology and Pharmacology of Chronic Diseases (FIFAEC), CIMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Bahareh Sadat Yousefsani
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tabrizi R, Sekhavati E, Nowrouzi-Sohrabi P, Rezaei S, Tabari P, Ghoran SH, Jamali N, Jalali M, Moosavi M, Kolahi AA, Bettampadi D, Sahebkar A, Safiri S. Effects of Urtica dioica on Metabolic Profiles in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:550-563. [PMID: 34587883 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210929143112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have investigated the effect of Urtica dioica (UD) consumption on metabolic profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, the findings are inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials was performed to summarize the evidence of the effects of UD consumption on metabolic profiles in patients with T2DM. METHODS Eligible studies were retrieved from searches of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar databases until December 2019. Cochran (Q) and I-square statistics were used to examine heterogeneity across included clinical trials. Data were pooled by using fixed-effect or random-effects model and expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Among 1485 citations, thirteen clinical trials were found to be eligible for the current meta-analysis. UD consumption significantly decreased levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) (WMD= -17.17 mg/dl, 95% CI: -26.60, -7.73, I2= 93.2%), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (WMD= -0.93, 95% CI: -1.66, -0.17, I2= 75.0%), C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD= -1.09 mg/dl, 95% CI: -1.64, -0.53, I2= 0.0%), triglycerides (WMD = -26.94 mg/dl, 95 % CI = [-52.07, -1.82], P = 0.03, I2 = 90.0%), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (WMD= -5.03 mmHg, 95% CI = -8.15, -1.91, I2= 0.0%) in comparison to the control groups. UD consumption did not significantly change serum levels of insulin (WMD= 1.07 μU/ml, 95% CI: -1.59, 3.73, I2= 63.5%), total-cholesterol (WMD= -6.39 mg/dl, 95% CI: -13.84, 1.05, I2= 0.0%), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) (WMD= -1.30 mg/dl, 95% CI: -9.95, 7.35, I2= 66.1%), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) (WMD= 6.95 mg/dl, 95% CI: -0.14, 14.03, I2= 95.4%), body max index (BMI) (WMD= -0.16 kg/m2, 95% CI: -1.77, 1.44, I2= 0.0%), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (WMD= -1.35 mmHg, 95% CI: -2.86, 0.17, I2= 0.0%) among patients with T2DM. CONCLUSION UD consumption may result in an improvement in levels of FBS, HbA1c, CRP, triglycerides and SBP, but did not affect on levels of insulin, total-, LDL-, and HDL-cholesterol, BMI, and DBP in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Tabrizi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa. Iran
| | | | | | - Shahla Rezaei
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz. Iran
| | - Parinaz Tabari
- Clinical Education Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz. Iran
| | - Salar Hafez Ghoran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan. Iran
| | - Navid Jamali
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz. Iran
| | - Mohammad Jalali
- Nutrition Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz. Iran
| | - Mahsa Moosavi
- Clinical Education Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz. Iran
| | - Ali-Asghar Kolahi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | - Deepti Bettampadi
- Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer (CIIRC), H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL. United States
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad. Iran
| | - Saeid Safiri
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
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Mohit M, Nouri M, Samadi M, Nouri Y, Heidarzadeh-Esfahani N, Venkatakrishnan K, Jalili C. The effect of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) supplementation on glycemic indices: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Complement Ther Med 2021; 61:102766. [PMID: 34365008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac) is a popular spice/herb with several biological functions owing to its antioxidant and insulin-like activities. Many clinical trials have indicated the potent anti-diabetic property of sumac but the results on few glycemic indices were inconclusive. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis were aimed to investigate sumac supplementation effect on glycemic indices. METHODS Systematically searched was performed by two independent reviewers using online databases including: PubMed, Scopus, web of science, EMBASE from inception until November 2020. Data were pooled using a random-effects model and weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS A total of 6 potentially relevant clinical trials met the inclusion criteria with total of 278 participants. Random-effects meta-analysis suggested no significant effects on the levels of fasting blood glucose [-7.08 mg/dl, 95 % CI: -14.85 to 0.70,P = 0.07, I2 = 59.8 %], glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) [-0.48 %, 95 % CI: -1.01 to -0.04, P = 0.07, I2 = 0.0 %], homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) [-0.97, 95 % CI: -1.96 to 0.02, P = 0.05, I2 = 83.8 %], and insulin [-2.94 Hedges' g, 95 % CI: -6.67 to 0.80, P = 0.12, I2 = 83.1 %] following supplementation with sumac powder. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis showed no significant effects on any glycemic indices following supplementation with sumac powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mohit
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehran Nouri
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehnoosh Samadi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yasaman Nouri
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Korramabad, Iran
| | - Neda Heidarzadeh-Esfahani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Cyrus Jalili
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Shahrajabian MH, Sun W, Cheng Q. Improving health benefits with considering traditional and modern health benefits of Peganum harmala. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-021-00255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Medicinal plants are potential source of natural products that play an important role in preventing different human diseases. P. harmala is used traditionally as emmenagogue and an abortifacient agent in the Middle East, North of Africa and West of China. It belongs to the family of Zygophyllaceae and it is a wild growing flowering plant. Its seeds are main medicinal part of the plant.
Methods
The current searching was done by the keywords in main indexing systems including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Institute for Scientific Information Web of Science as well as the search engine of Google Scholar. The keywords were wild rue, traditional medicine, Harman, health benefits, and pharmaceutical science.
Results
The most important uses of P. harmala in traditional pharmaceutical sciences are in cardiovascular, gasterointestinal, nervous, endocrine, neoplasm and tumors, pain relieving, organisms, diabetes, respiratory, disinfectant, anti-pyretic, skin and hair, rheumatism, arthritis and inflammation, and ulcers. Pharmacological effects of P. harmala are in cardiovascular system, nervous system, antimicrobial effects, antineoplasm, nervous system, endocrine, gastrointestinal effects, osteocytes, endocrine and respiratory system. Phenolic compounds are the main reason of antioxidant capacity.
Conclusions
Due to its pharmacological activities, P. harmala is a high potential medicinal herb and the suggestion is to increases by doing research in efficacy and safety.
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Behairy A, Abd El-Rahman GI, Aly SSH, Fahmy EM, Abd-Elhakim YM. Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate plasticizer triggers hepatic, brain, and cardiac injury in rats: Mitigating effect of Peganum harmala oil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111620. [PMID: 33396140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) is a widely used plasticizer and prevalent environmental contaminant. In this study, DEHA concentrations in the milk, cheese, and butter samples wrapped with food-grade commercial polyethylene films and stored at 4 °C for 30 days were detected using gas chromatographic analysis. Also, the effects of exposure to a high dose of DEHA for a long duration on the liver, brain, and heart of Wistar rats were assessed. Besides, the possible beneficial effect of Peganum harmala oil (PGO), in relieving DEHA induced adverse effects was explored. For this purpose, four groups (8 rats/group) were orally given physiological saline, PGO (320 mg/kg bwt), DEHA (2000 mg/kg bwt), or PGO + DEHA for 60 days. The results revealed that the DEHA concentrations in the tested dairy products were ordered as follows: (butter > cheese > milk). Notably, the detected levels in butter were higher than the specific migration limit in foods. DEHA induced a significant increase in the serum levels of glucose, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, acetylcholine esterase, creatine kinase-myocardium bound, malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β. But, significant hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypoglobulinemia, and hypocholesterolemia were evident following DEHA exposure. A significant reduction in the serum level of superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor was recorded. Besides, a significant downregulation in hepatic CYP2E1, brain glial fibrillary acidic protein, and cardiac troponin I gene expression was noticed. Moreover, DEHA exposure induced a significant decrease in Bcl-2 immunolabeling, but Caspase-3 immunoexpression was increased. On the contrary, PGO significantly recused DEHA injurious impacts. Therefore, PGO could represent a promising agent for preventing DEHA-induced hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Behairy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ghada I Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Sanaa S H Aly
- Department of Food Engineering and Packaging Research, Food Technology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Esraa M Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
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Pharmacological and Antioxidant Activities of Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac). Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010073. [PMID: 33430013 PMCID: PMC7828031 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhus coriaria L. (Anacardiaceae), commonly known as sumac, is a commonly used spice, condiment, and flavoring agent, especially in the Mediterranean region. Owing to its bountiful beneficial values, sumac has been used in traditional medicine for the management and treatment of many ailments including hemorrhoids, wound healing, diarrhea, ulcer, and eye inflammation. This plant is rich in various classes of phytochemicals including flavonoids, tannins, polyphenolic compounds, organic acids, and many others. By virtue of its bioactive, Rhus coriaria possesses powerful antioxidant capacities that have ameliorative and therapeutic benefits for many common diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. This review describes the phytochemical properties of R. coriaria and then focuses on the potent antioxidant capacities of sumac. We then dissect the cellular and molecular mechanisms of sumac’s action in modulating many pathophysiological instigators. We show how accumulating evidence supports the antibacterial, antinociceptive, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and anticancer effects of this plant, especially that toxicity studies show that sumac is very safe to consume by humans and has little toxicity. Taken together, the findings we summarize here support the utilization of this plant as an attractive target for drug discovery.
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Harmine, a natural β-carboline alkaloid, ameliorates apoptosis by decreasing the expression of caspase-3 in the kidney of diabetic male Wistar rats. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Gök HN, Deliorman Orhan D, Gürbüz İ, Aslan M. Activity-guided isolation of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase inhibitory compounds from Rhus coriaria L. J Food Sci 2020; 85:3220-3228. [PMID: 32895959 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The leaves and fruits of Rhus coriaria are traditionally used in Turkey for the treatment of diabetes. The aim of the present study is to determine α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities of R. coriaria leaf and fruit ethanol extracts (80%), and to isolate active compounds against these enzymes. As a result of the activity-guided isolation, the active compounds were determined as the amentoflavone, agathisflavone, and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-glucopyranose. Agathisflavone, amentoflavone, and penta-O-galloyl-β-glucopyranose inhibited α-glucosidase with 11.4 ± 0.9, 11.3 ± 0.7, and 4.1 ± 0.1 µM IC50 values, respectively. Furthermore, penta-O-galloyl-β-glucopyranose inhibited α-amylase with 6.32 ± 0.18 µM IC50 . These three compounds also significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) pancreatic lipase. The results of high-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glycopyranose was one of the main compounds in both fruit and leaf extracts. Therefore, it may be considered that R. coriaria fruit and leaf extracts can be standardized on this substance and used in the development of both medicinal products and functional food for diabetes. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Rhus coriaria (Sumac) is one of the plants that is well known and used around the world as a spice. It is also used against diabetes traditionally. The determination of effective compounds can lead to the standardization and development of both medicinal products and functional foods for diabetes. While the fruits of the plant are used as a spice all around the world, the leaves are generally throw away; therefore, the usage of the leaves to the food and medical industry can lead to beneficial effects on the economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasya Nazlı Gök
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, 06330, Turkey
| | - Didem Deliorman Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, 06330, Turkey
| | - İlhan Gürbüz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, 06330, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Aslan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, 06330, Turkey
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Elagbar ZA, Shakya AK, Barhoumi LM, Al-Jaber HI. Phytochemical Diversity and Pharmacological Properties of Rhus coriaria. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e1900561. [PMID: 32141706 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Rhus coriaria L. (Anacardiaceae), sumac, is a common condiment, appetizer and souring agent in the Mediterranean region that has a long history in traditional medicine. R. coriaria has been prescribed for the treatment of many ailments including diarrhea, ulcer, hemorrhoids, hemorrhage, wound healing, hematemesis, and eye ailments like ophthalmia and conjunctivitis. The plant is also used as diuresis, antimicrobial, abortifacient and as a stomach tonic. Sumac is known to be rich in different classes of phytochemicals including tannins, polyphenols, flavonoids, organic acids and essential oils and continues to be a hot topic for extensive research work designed for revealing its phytochemical constituents and evaluating its bioactive properties. This review summarizes the recent phytochemical and diverse bioactivity studies on R. coriaria, especially those concerned with antitumor, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaha A Elagbar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 263, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, 19328, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ashok K Shakya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 263, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, 19328, Amman, Jordan
| | - Lina M Barhoumi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, 19117, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Hala I Al-Jaber
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, 19117, Al-Salt, Jordan
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Hu TG, Wen P, Liu J, Long XS, Liao ST, Wu H, Zou YX. Combination of mulberry leaf and oat bran possessed greater hypoglycemic effect on diabetic mice than mulberry leaf or oat bran alone. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Rhus coriaria L. (Sumac) in Patients Who Are Overweight or Have Obesity: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/semj.87301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Buchko O, Havryliak V, Yaremkevych O, Konechna R, Ohorodnyk N. Metabolic processes in the organism of animals under the action of plant extract. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.15421/021922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility of increasing metabolism and resistance in an organism of animals under the influence of biologically active substances of natural origin is considered in the paper. In the current study, we investigated the effect of 40% ethanolic extract of common nettle (Urtica dioica L.) on hematologic indexes (hemoglobin concentration, erythrocytes and leukocytes content), protein metabolism (total protein, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase activities (ALT)), glutathione metabolism (peroxidase (GP), glutathione reductase (GR) and reduced glutathione content (GSH)), antioxidant defense systems (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT)), and indicators of free radical processes (lipid hydroperoxidation products (LHP), TBA-active products and carbonyl groups of protein (CP)) in the blood and tissues of normal and adrenalin-stressed rats. White Wistar rats (male) with body weight 180–200 g were used in the experiments. The animals were divided into 4 groups (control and 3 experimental), each containing 7 animals. The animals of experimental groups D2 and D3 received 40% ethanolic extract of common nettle in a dose of 5 mL/kg of body weight during 4 weeks. After 29 days of the experiment, the animals of D1 and D3 groups were intramuscularly administered 0.1% solution of adrenaline hydrochloride at a dose of 1 mg/kg of body weight. One day after the administration of adrenaline, the animals were decapitated under ether anesthesia. The objects of the study were blood and homogenates of liver, heart, and kidneys of the rats. Our results have shown that adrenaline stress causes a decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin, LHP, SOD activity and increase in activities of AST, GP, GR, and GSH content in the blood of rats. Stress induced by adrenaline was accompanied by decrease in CP content, activities of SOD, CAT, and increase in the glutathione chain of antioxidant defense system in the liver of the animals while in the heart and kidneys, there was an increase in oxidative stress parameters and decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GP, GR). The administration of ethanolic extract of nettle caused an increase within the physiological range in the erythrocytes and leucocytes content, hemoglobin concentration, and normalization of protein metabolism (decrease in the activity of AST and increase in protein concentration) in the blood of the stressed rats. The activation of the antioxidant defense system (increase in activities of SOD, GP, CAT, GR) and inhibition of free radical processes (decrease in concentration of LHP, TBA-active products and CP) was observed in the tissues of animals of D2 and D3 groups. Our results suggested that using a complex of biologically active substances of the common nettle ethanolic extract prevents metabolic disorders and stresses of different etiology through the activation of the antioxidant defense system, the normalization of protein metabolism and stimulation of hematopoiesis both in normal and stressed rats.
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Urtica Dioica Distillate Regenerates Pancreatic Beta Cells in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 43:174-183. [PMID: 29749986 PMCID: PMC5936849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urtica dioica is known as an anti-hyperglycemic plant. Urtica dioica distillate (UD) is a traditional Iranian drink, locally known as "aragh gazaneh". In spite of its widespread consumption in Iran, according to traditional Iranian medicine, there is no scientific report on the usefulness of UD for diabetic patients. This survey was designed to evaluate its protective effects for the recovery from diabetes by determining the serum insulin, blood glucose, volume of pancreatic islets, and the number and volume of β-cells in diabetic rats. METHODS A total of 48 Sprague-Dawley male rats (200-250 g) were randomly distributed into 6 groups (n=8), including non-diabetic plus distilled water (DW), non-diabetic plus UD, diabetic plus DW, diabetic plus UD, diabetic plus insulin, and diabetic plus glibenclamide. DW, UD, and glibenclamide were administered via intragastric gavage and insulin was injected subcutaneously. After four weeks of experiments, blood samples were collected for serum insulin and blood glucose assay. Pancreas was also evaluated using stereological method. The SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. Kruskal-Wallis, repeated measurements, and Mann-Whitney U test were applied for comparisons between the groups. RESULTS The treatment of diabetic rats with UD reduced the blood glucose dramatically (P<0.001) and increased serum insulin levels significantly (P=0.03) in comparison to the diabetic plus DW rats. Treatment with UD did not affect the mean β-cell volumes in the diabetic rats when compared to the diabetic plus DW rats, but the islet volumes and β-cell numbers were significantly recovered. CONCLUSION UD treatment in diabetic rats improves hyperglycemia by partially restoring plasma insulin levels. The data suggest that UD prevents islet atrophy and/or regenerate pancreatic β-cells.
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Shengule SA, Mishra S, Joshi K, Apte K, Patil D, Kale P, Shah T, Deshpande M, Puranik A. Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidaemic effect of Arjunarishta in high-fat fed animals. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2017; 9:45-52. [PMID: 29249636 PMCID: PMC5884182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arjunarishta (AA), a formulation used as cardiotonic is a hydroalcoholic formulation of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight and Arn. (TA) belonging to family Combretaceae. Objective To evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effect of Arjunarishta on high-fat diet fed animals. Materials and methods High-fat diet fed (HFD) Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups and treated with phytochemically standardized Arjunarishta (1.8 ml/kg), and hydroalcoholic extract of T. arjuna (TAHA) (250 mg/kg) and rosuvastatin (10 mg/kg), for 3 months. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, blood biochemistry, liver triglyceride and systolic blood pressure were performed in all the groups. Effect of these drugs on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and peroxisome proliferators activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) were studied in liver tissue using Quantitative Real-time PCR. Results HFD increased fasting blood glucose, liver triglyceride, systolic blood pressure and gene expression of TNF-α, IRS-1 and PGC-1α. Treatment of AA and TAHA significantly reduced fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. These treatments significantly decreased gene expression of TNF-α (2.4, 2.2 and 2.6 fold change); increased IRS-1 (2.8, 2.9 and 2.8 fold change) and PGC-1α (2.9, 3.7 and 3.3 fold change) as compared to untreated HFD. Conclusion Anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic effect of Arjunarishta may be mediated by decreased TNF-α and increased PGC-1α and IRS-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushant A Shengule
- Dr. Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Centre, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KLE University), Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjay Mishra
- Dr. Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Centre, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KLE University), Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Kalpana Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Vadgoan (Bk), Pune, India.
| | - Kishori Apte
- APT Research Foundation, Vadgoan Khurd, Pune, India
| | - Dada Patil
- Serum Institute of India Research Foundation, Hadapsar, Pune, India
| | - Prathmesh Kale
- Serum Institute of India Research Foundation, Hadapsar, Pune, India
| | - Tejas Shah
- Dr. Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Centre, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KLE University), Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Amrutesh Puranik
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Rhus coriaria L. increases serum apolipoprotein-A1 and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2017; 16:45-50. [PMID: 29397092 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid-lowering effect of Rhus coriaria L. (Rhus) has been investigated in multiple animal studies with promising results. Nonetheless, its clinical efficacy has not been adequately examined. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the lipid-lowering effects of Rhus among patients with hyperlipidemia. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS The study was designed as a two-arm, double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, using a parallel design. Eighty patients with primary hyperlipidemia were randomly assigned to receive Rhus capsules or placebo for 6 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The serum lipid levels, apolipoprotein-A1 (Apo-A1) and apolipoprotein-B (Apo-B) were measured. RESULTS Mean serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and Apo-A1 levels were significantly increased in the Rhus group, compared with the placebo group, after 6 weeks of intervention (P = 0.001). The analysis of covariance test including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and smoking as co-variables revealed that the increase in HDL-C and Apo-A1 levels remained significant, and increases in HDL-C were dependent on the increase in Apo-A1 levels. No significant difference was observed between Rhus and placebo groups in terms of mean reductions in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels; however, more significant improvement was observed among obese patients (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). CONCLUSION The study showed significant increases in HDL-C and Apo-A1 levels in response to Rhus supplementation in patients with hyperlipidemia. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02295293.
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Reidel RVB, Cioni PL, Majo L, Pistelli L. Evolution of Volatile Emission in Rhus coriaria Organs During Different Stages of Growth and Evaluation of the Essential Oil Composition. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [PMID: 28742251 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Rhus coriaria, also known as Sumac, has been traditionally used in many countries as spice, condiment, dying agent, and medicinal herb. The chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) and the volatile emissions from different organs of this species collected in Sicily (Italy) were analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were the most abundant class in the volatile emissions with β-caryophyllene and α-pinene were the main constituents in the majority of the examined samples. The EO composition was characterized by high amount of monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons together with diterpenes. The main compounds in the EO obtained from the leaves and both stages of fruit maturation were cembrene and β-caryophyllene, while α-pinene and tridecanoic acid were the key compounds in the flower EO. All the data were submitted to multivariate statistical analysis showing many differences among the different plant parts and their ontogenetic stages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pier Luigi Cioni
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi Majo
- Azienda Agricola 'Randino', Contrada Randino, 90014, Casteldaccia, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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Ahmed S, Mundhe N, Borgohain M, Chowdhury L, Kwatra M, Bolshette N, Ahmed A, Lahkar M. Diosmin Modulates the NF-kB Signal Transduction Pathways and Downregulation of Various Oxidative Stress Markers in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy. Inflammation 2017; 39:1783-97. [PMID: 27492452 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0413-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycaemia-mediated oxidative stress plays an imperative role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. NF-kB is an important transcription factor in eukaryotes which regulates a diverse array of cellular process, including inflammation, immunological response, apoptosis, growth and development. Increased expression of NF-kB plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases including diabetic nephropathy. Hence, the present study was designed to explore the nephroprotective nature of diosmin by assessing the various biochemical parameters, markers of oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine levels in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Type 2 diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (120 mg/kg body weight). Seventy-two hours after the conformation of diabetes (blood glucose level ≥ 250 mg/dl), the rats were segregated into four groups, each group having six animals. Diabetic rats were treated with diosmin at a dose of 50 mg and 100 mg/kg body weight respectively. After the 28th day of treatment, rats were sacrificed, blood serum, plasma and kidney tissue were collected for various biochemical analysis. Inflammatory cytokine levels were measured through ELISA kit. Diosmin treatment produces significant reduction in the blood glucose and plasma insulin level and increases the body weight when compared with diabetic rats. Elevated level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decrease levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NO) were significantly restored after 28 days of diosmin treatment. Diosmin treatment group also restores the normal architecture of the kidney tissue which was confirmed by histopathological examination. Moreover, oral administration of diosmin shows a significant normalization in the level of NF-kB, proving its pivotal role in maintaining renal function. The above ameliorative effects were more pronounced with diosmin at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The above results permit us to conclude that treatment with diosmin halts hyperglycaemia-mediated oxidative stress and decline in pro-inflammatory cytokines and thus has beneficial anti-diabetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahabuddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Bhangagarh, Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India.
| | - Nitin Mundhe
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Bhangagarh, Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
| | - Manash Borgohain
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Bhangagarh, Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
| | - Liakat Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Bhangagarh, Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
| | - Mohit Kwatra
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Bhangagarh, Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
| | - Nityanand Bolshette
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
| | - Anwaruddin Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560074, India
| | - Mangala Lahkar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Bhangagarh, Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
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Bournine L, Bensalem S, Fatmi S, Bedjou F, Mathieu V, Iguer-Ouada M, Kiss R, Duez P. Evaluation of the cytotoxic and cytostatic activities of alkaloid extracts from different parts of Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae). Eur J Integr Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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