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Zhang Y, Zhao W, Liao J, Zhang Y, Wang L, Li P, Du B. Evaluation of the therapeutic effect of Sacha inchi oil in atopic dermatitis mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112552. [PMID: 38917521 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent inflammatory skin condition characterized by a multifaceted pathogenesis, which encompasses immune system signaling dysregulation, compromised skin barrier function, and genetic influencers. Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) oil (SIO) has demonstrated potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, however, the mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of SIO on AD remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the anti-AD effect of SIO and its possible molecular mechanism in mice with AD. The results demonstrated that SIO significantly reduced the degree of skin lesions and scratching, and improved the skin thickness and mast cell infiltration in AD mice. Furthermore, SIO significantly reduced the levels of immunoglobulin E, histamine and thymic stromal lymphopoietin in serum of AD mice. Additionally, it inhibited the expression of tumor necrosis factor-γ, interferon-γ, interleukin-2, interleukin-4, interleukin 1β and other inflammatory cytokines in the lesions skin of mice. The Western blotting analysis revealed that SIO exhibited an upregulatory effect on the protein expression of filaggrin and loricrin, while concurrently exerting inhibitory effects on the protein expression and phosphorylation levels of P38, ERK, NF-κB, and IκBα within their respective signaling pathways. Consequently, it can be inferred that SIO exerts a significant anti-atopic dermatitis effect by modulating the P38, ERK, NF-κB, and IκBα signaling pathways. This study contributes to expand the research and development potential of SIO, and provides novel insights and potential therapeutic strategies for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenjun Zhao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jingru Liao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yixiang Zhang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lieyu Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Bing Du
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Rizzo G, Baroni L, Lombardo M. Promising Sources of Plant-Derived Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1683. [PMID: 36767052 PMCID: PMC9914036 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are known for their ability to protect against numerous metabolic disorders. The consumption of oily fish is the main source of PUFAs in human nutrition and is commonly used for supplement production. However, seafood is an overexploited source that cannot be guaranteed to cover the global demands. Furthermore, it is not consumed by everyone for ecological, economic, ethical, geographical and taste reasons. The growing demand for natural dietary sources of PUFAs suggests that current nutritional sources are insufficient to meet global needs, and less and less will be. Therefore, it is crucial to find sustainable sources that are acceptable to all, meeting the world population's needs. (2) Scope: This review aims to evaluate the recent evidence about alternative plant sources of essential fatty acids, focusing on long-chain omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs. (3) Method: A structured search was performed on the PubMed search engine to select available human data from interventional studies using omega-3 fatty acids of non-animal origin. (4) Results: Several promising sources have emerged from the literature, such as algae, microorganisms, plants rich in stearidonic acid and GM plants. However, the costs, acceptance and adequate formulation deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Rizzo
- Independent Researcher, Via Venezuela 66, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - Luciana Baroni
- Scientific Society for Vegetarian Nutrition, 30171 Venice, Italy
| | - Mauro Lombardo
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
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3
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Effects of dietary sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) oil and medicinal plant powder supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, and breast meat quality of colored broiler chickens raised in Vietnam. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:87. [PMID: 35122524 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02994-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of replacing dietary soybean oil (SBO) with sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) oil (SIO) supplemented or not with medicinal plant powder (MP, 60% cinnamon twig, and 40% star anise fruits) on broiler performance, carcass traits, and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) content of breast meat. A total of 288 Ho × Luong Phuong broiler chickens (age and average body weight: 6 weeks old and 877 ± 13.4 g) were equally divided into three groups (6 replicates of 16 birds each), balanced by BW and sex. Each group was randomly allocated to one of three dietary treatments: a 2% SBO diet (CON), a 2% SIO diet (SI), and a diet supplemented with 2% SIO and 1% MP (SIM). The experiment lasted for 70 days. Broiler performance, carcass traits, and technological meat quality were not affected by the diets (P > 0.05). However, colored broiler chickens fed the SIM diet had increased empty gizzard percentage (P < 0.05) compared to those fed the CON diet. Especially, the n-3 PUFA content of breast meat from broiler chickens fed diets containing SIO was higher than those of birds fed CON diet (P < 0.01). A significant decrease in cholesterol content was observed (P < 0.01) in broilers fed SIM diet compared to those fed CON diet. In conclusion, replacing 2% SBO with 2% SIO and 1% MP supplementation in broiler diets increased n-3 PUFA content and decreased cholesterol content in breast meat, without negative effects on bird performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality. Therefore, a combination of SIO and MP can be used as an effective strategy to ameliorate the meat quality of finishing broiler chickens by enhancing n-3 PUFA content and reducing the cholesterol content of breast meat.
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Cárdenas DM, Gómez Rave LJ, Soto JA. Biological Activity of Sacha Inchi ( Plukenetia volubilis Linneo) and Potential Uses in Human Health: A Review. Food Technol Biotechnol 2021; 59:253-266. [PMID: 34759758 PMCID: PMC8542186 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.59.03.21.6683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis Linneo) is an ancestral plant originating in the Amazon jungle that has been adopted as a food source due to its high nutritional value, which has gradually been recognized to have potential benefits for human health. Diverse prospective studies have evaluated the effect of consuming components from the plant, derivatives from its seeds, leaves and shell on preventing the risk of cardiovascular disease, chronic inflammatory disease, dermatitis and controlling tumor proliferation, especially given its recognized high content of essential fatty acids, phenolic compounds and vitamin E, showing antioxidant, hypolipidemic, immunomodulation and emollient activity, as well as the capacity to remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions. This review offers a complete description of the existing information on the use and biological activity of P. volubilis L., based on its essential lipid components and evidenced on its use in the field of human health, in prevention, therapeutic and nutritional contexts, along with industrial uses, making it a promising bioresource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denny M Cárdenas
- Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud, Grupo de Investigación BIOGEN, Avenida 4 calle 10N-61, 540001 Cúcuta, Colombia
| | - Lyz Jenny Gómez Rave
- Institución Universitaria Colegio Mayor de Antioquia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Masira Research Institute, Calle 70 No. 55-210, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Javier Andrés Soto
- Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud, Grupo de Investigación BIOGEN, Avenida 4 calle 10N-61, 540001 Cúcuta, Colombia
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Cornelio‐Santiago HP, Bodini RB, Oliveira AL. Potential of Oilseeds Native to Amazon and Brazilian Cerrado Biomes: Benefits, Chemical and Functional Properties, and Extraction Methods. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heber P. Cornelio‐Santiago
- Laboratory of High‐Pressure Technology and Natural Products (LAPPN), Department of Food Engineering (ZEA‐FZEA) University of São Paulo (USP) P.O. Box 23 Pirassununga SP 13635‐900 Brazil
| | - Renata Barbosa Bodini
- Laboratory of High‐Pressure Technology and Natural Products (LAPPN), Department of Food Engineering (ZEA‐FZEA) University of São Paulo (USP) P.O. Box 23 Pirassununga SP 13635‐900 Brazil
| | - Alessandra Lopes Oliveira
- Laboratory of High‐Pressure Technology and Natural Products (LAPPN), Department of Food Engineering (ZEA‐FZEA) University of São Paulo (USP) P.O. Box 23 Pirassununga SP 13635‐900 Brazil
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6
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Kodahl N. Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.)-from lost crop of the Incas to part of the solution to global challenges? PLANTA 2020; 251:80. [PMID: 32185506 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The underutilized, oleaginous crop Plukenetia volubilis L. has a remarkable lipid composition and a large potential for further domestication, alleviation of malnutrition, and integration into sustainable food production systems. Current global challenges include climate change, increasing population size, lack of food security, malnutrition, and degradation of arable lands. In this context, a reformation of our food production systems is imperative. Underutilized crops, or orphan crops, can provide valuable traits for this purpose, e.g., climate change resilience, nutritional benefits, cultivability on marginal lands, and improvement of income opportunities for smallholders. Plukenetia volubilis L. (Euphorbiaceae)-sacha inchi-is a 'lost crop' of the Incas native to the Amazon basin. Its oleaginous seeds are large, with a high content of ω-3, and -6 fatty acids (ca. 50.5, and 34.1%, of the lipid fraction, respectively), protein, and antioxidants. Culinarily, the seeds are nut-like and the crop has been associated with humans since Incan times. Research has particularly been undertaken in seed biochemistry, and to some extent in phylogeny, genetics, and cultivation ecology, but attention has been unevenly distributed, causing knowledge gaps in areas such as ethnobotany, allergenicity, and sustainable cultivation practices. Recently, seed size evolution and molecular drivers of the fatty acid synthesis and composition have been studied, however, further research into the lipid biosynthesis is desirable. Targeted breeding has not been undertaken but might be especially relevant for yield, sensory qualities, and cultivation with low environmental impact. Similarly, studies of integration into sustainable management systems are of highest importance. Here, present knowledge on P. volubilis is reviewed and a general framework for conducting research on underutilized crops with the aim of integration into sustainable food production systems is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nete Kodahl
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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7
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Ambulay JP, Rojas PA, Timoteo OS, Barreto TV, Colarossi A. Effect of the emulsion of Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia huayabambana) oil on oxidative stress and inflammation in rats induced to obesity. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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8
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Glycerolipid Composition and Advanced Physicochemical Considerations of Sacha Inchi Oil toward Cosmetic Products Formulation. COSMETICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics6040070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sacha inchi oil is a premier raw material with highly nutritional and functional features for the foodstuff, pharmaceutical, beauty, and personal care industries. One of the most important facts about this oil is the huge chemical content of unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, the current available information on the characterization of the triglyceride composition and the advance physicochemical parameters relevant to emulsion development is limited. Therefore, this research focused on providing a detailed description of the lipid composition using high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry and thorough physicochemical characterization to find the value of the required hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB). For this, a study in the interfacial tension was evaluated, followed by the assessment of different parameters such as creaming index, droplet size, viscosity, zeta potential, pH, and electrical conductivity for a series emulsified at thermal stress condition. The results show that fatty acids are arranged into glycerolipids and the required HLB to achieve the maximum physical stability is around 8.
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Alayón AN, Ortega Ávila JG, Echeverri Jiménez I. Metabolic status is related to the effects of adding of sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) oil on postprandial inflammation and lipid profile: Randomized, crossover clinical trial. J Food Biochem 2018; 43:e12703. [PMID: 31353666 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sacha inchi oil (SIO) is an attractive source of polyunsaturated acids oil. A randomized crossover clinical trial was done to evaluate SIO effects on postprandial lipids and inflammatory state caused by a high-fat intake. Twenty metabolically healthy (MH) and 22 metabolically unhealthy (MU) subjects consumed a high-fat breakfast alone or supplemented with SIO. The biomarkers were measured in serum upon fasting, and after 1 and 4 hrs after breakfast. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression was determined in mononuclear cells. In the MH group, SIO reversed the cholesterol increase [iAUCHFM : 0.27 mmol/L/4 h (IQR: -0.07/0.81); iAUCHFM+S : -0.18 mmol/L/4 h (IQR: -0.49/0.31) p = 0.037] and decreased interleukin-6 concentration. In MU group, SIO attenuated lipopolysaccharides increase and interleukin-6 expression [(FCHFM = -1.19 (IQR: -1.72/1.93) and FCHFM+S = -1.83 (IQR: -4,82/-0.01), p = 0.017]. The effects of a high-fat meal on postprandial lipids and inflammation could be modified by the addition of SIO, but the outcomes are depending on the metabolic individual status. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The seeds of Plukenetia volubilis L., also known as Sacha inchi, Sacha peanut or Inca peanut are an attractive vegetable source of oil which includes a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, the intake of Sacha inchi oil could improve the postprandial responses of a high-fat intake, and could be able to help to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Our results contribute to know the effects of this oil on postprandial inflammation and lipids. In addition, establishing how a person's basal metabolic status can determinate the metabolic response to this oil can help improve its use, and our results add evidence about the role of nutrition and diet in health and disease. At this time, the cultivation of Sacha inchi is being proposed as an agro-industrial alternative for the improvement of quality of living in Colombian rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Norma Alayón
- Universidad de San Buenaventura - Cartagena - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas (GIB), Cartagena, Colombia
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Muangrat R, Veeraphong P, Chantee N. Screw press extraction of Sacha inchi seeds: Oil yield and its chemical composition and antioxidant properties. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rattana Muangrat
- Division of Food Process Engineering, Faculty of Agro-Industry; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50100 Thailand
| | - Pattawee Veeraphong
- Division of Food Process Engineering, Faculty of Agro-Industry; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50100 Thailand
| | - Narirat Chantee
- Division of Food Process Engineering, Faculty of Agro-Industry; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50100 Thailand
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Alayón AN, Ortega Avila JG, Echeverri Jiménez I. Carbohydrate metabolism and gene expression of sirtuin 1 in healthy subjects after Sacha inchi oil supplementation: a randomized trial. Food Funct 2018; 9:1570-1577. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01956d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The addition of Sacha inchi oil improved insulin sensitivity in people with higher glycemic response after a fat load.
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Gonzales GF, Tello J, Zevallos-Concha A, Baquerizo L, Caballero L. Nitrogen balance after a single oral consumption of sacha inchi (Plukenetia volúbilis L.) protein compared to soy protein: a randomized study in humans. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 28:140-147. [PMID: 28854833 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1373880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Sacha inchi is a seed produced in the Peruvian Amazonian and its oil is recognized by the lowering lipids effect in humans. The remaining material transformed to flour has a higher amount of protein, but, the nitrogen balance once ingested orally has not been studied. The present study was designed to evaluate the nitrogen balance after single consumption of 30 g of sacha inchi flour and compared with that obtained after consumption of 30 g soybean flour in adult men and women. This was a double-blind cohort study in 15 men and 15 women between 18 and 55 years old. Fifteen subjects received soy meal and 15 subjects received sacha inchi meal. Group receiving sacha inchi flour has comparable initial parameters as those receiving soybean flour (p > 0.05). Blood samples at different times were obtained. Urine for 24 h was collected to calculate nitrogen balance, p < 0.05 was considered significant. Plasma insulin levels increased post-prandial with a peak at 30 min. Thereafter, a reduction occurred. The magnitude of changes in insulin levels was similar in sacha inchi and soybean groups (p < 0.05). Lipid profile and inflammatory marker, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL6) was not different at 0 or 24 h after sacha inchi or soy flour administration. The nitrogen balance was negative in the study but similar between both groups (p > 0.05). In conclusion, protein consumption of sacha inchi flour has the same nitrogen balance as soybean flour, shows acceptability for a single consumption and does not present serious adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo F Gonzales
- a Endocrine & Reproductive Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy , Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima , Peru.,b Research Circle of Plants with Effects on Health , Lima , Peru
| | - Jennifer Tello
- a Endocrine & Reproductive Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy , Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima , Peru.,b Research Circle of Plants with Effects on Health , Lima , Peru
| | - Alisson Zevallos-Concha
- a Endocrine & Reproductive Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy , Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima , Peru.,b Research Circle of Plants with Effects on Health , Lima , Peru
| | - Luis Baquerizo
- c Laboratory of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy , Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima , Peru
| | - Lidia Caballero
- a Endocrine & Reproductive Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy , Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , Lima , Peru.,b Research Circle of Plants with Effects on Health , Lima , Peru.,d Faculty of Health Science, School of Nutrition, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano , Puno , Peru
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Rincón-Cervera MÁ, Valenzuela R, Hernandez-Rodas MC, Barrera C, Espinosa A, Marambio M, Valenzuela A. Vegetable oils rich in alpha linolenic acid increment hepatic n-3 LCPUFA, modulating the fatty acid metabolism and antioxidant response in rats. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 111:25-35. [PMID: 26995676 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3, ALA) is an essential fatty acid and the metabolic precursor of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) from the n-3 family with relevant physiological and metabolic roles: eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3, DHA). Western diet lacks of suitable intake of n-3 LCPUFA and there are recommendations to increase the dietary supply of such nutrients. Seed oils rich in ALA such as those from rosa mosqueta (Rosa rubiginosa), sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubis) and chia (Salvia hispanica) may constitute an alternative that merits research. This study evaluated hepatic and epididymal accretion and biosynthesis of n-3 LCPUFA, the activity and expression of Δ-5 and Δ-6 desaturase enzymes, the expression and DNA-binding activity of PPAR-α and SREBP-1c, oxidative stress parameters and the activity of antioxidative enzymes in rats fed sunflower oil (SFO, 1% ALA) as control group, canola oil (CO, 10% ALA), rosa mosqueta oil (RMO, 33% ALA), sacha inchi oil (SIO, 49% ALA) and chia oil (ChO, 64% ALA) as single lipid source. A larger supply of ALA increased the accretion of n-3 LCPUFA, the activity and expression of desaturases, the antioxidative status, the expression and DNA-binding of PPAR-α, the oxidation of fatty acids and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, whereas the expression and DNA-binding activity of SREBP-1c transcription factor and the biosynthetic activity of fatty acids declined. Results showed that oils rich in ALA such as SIO and ChO may trigger metabolic responses in rats such as those produced by n-3 PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Lipid Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | | | - Cynthia Barrera
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Espinosa
- Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Macarena Marambio
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfonso Valenzuela
- Lipid Center, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
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Modification of Docosahexaenoic Acid Composition of Milk from Nursing Women Who Received Alpha Linolenic Acid from Chia Oil during Gestation and Nursing. Nutrients 2015; 7:6405-24. [PMID: 26247968 PMCID: PMC4555128 DOI: 10.3390/nu7085289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Linolenic acid (ALA) is the precursor of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in humans, which is fundamental for brain and visual function. Western diet provides low ALA and DHA, which is reflected in low DHA in maternal milk. Chia oil extracted from chia (Salvia hispanica L.), a plant native to some Latin American countries, is high in ALA (up to 60%) and thereby is an alternative to provide ALA with the aim to reduce DHA deficits. We evaluated the modification of the fatty acid profile of milk obtained from Chilean mothers who received chia oil during gestation and nursing. Forty healthy pregnant women (22–35 years old) tabulated for food consumption, were randomly separated into two groups: a control group with normal feeding (n = 21) and a chia group (n = 19), which received 16 mL chia oil daily from the third trimester of pregnancy until the first six months of nursing. The fatty acid profile of erythrocyte phospholipids, measured at six months of pregnancy, at time of delivery and at six months of nursing, and the fatty acid profile of the milk collected during the first six months of nursing were assessed by gas-chromatography. The chia group, compared to the control group, showed (i) a significant increase in ALA ingestion and a significant reduction of linoleic acid (LA) ingestion, no showing modification of arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA; (ii) a significant increase of erythrocyte ALA and EPA and a reduction of LA. AA and DHA were not modified; (iii) a increased milk content of ALA during the six months of nursing, whereas LA showed a decrease. AA and EPA were not modified, however DHA increased only during the first three months of nursing. Consumption of chia oil during the last trimester of pregnancy and the first three months of nursing transiently increases the milk content of DHA.
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Gonzales GF, Gonzales C. A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study on acceptability, safety and efficacy of oral administration of sacha inchi oil (Plukenetia volubilis L.) in adult human subjects. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 65:168-76. [PMID: 24389453 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The study was designed to assess acceptability and side-effects of consumption of sacha inchi oil, rich in α-linolenic acid and sunflower oil, rich in linoleic acid, in adult human subjects. Thirty subjects received 10 or 15ml daily of sacha inchi or sunflower oil for 4months. Acceptability was assessed with daily self-report and with a Likert test at the end of the study. Safety was assessed with self- recording of side-effects and with hepatic and renal markers. Primary efficacy variables were the change in lipid profile. Subjects reported low acceptability of sacha inchi oil at week-1 (37.5%). However, since week-6, acceptability was significantly increased to 81.25-93.75%. No differences were observed in acceptability with respect to sex or oil volume (P>0.05). Most frequent adverse effects during first weeks of consuming sacha inchi oil or sunflower oil were nauseas. The side-effects were reduced with time. Biochemical markers of hepatic and kidney function were maintained unchanged. Serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels and arterial blood pressure were lowered with both oils (P<0.05). Higher HDL-cholesterol was observed with sacha inchi oil at month-4. In conclusion, sacha inchi oil consumed has good acceptability after week-1 of consumption and it is safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo F Gonzales
- Department of Biological and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy Alberto Cazorla Tálleri, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Insituto de Investigaciones de la Altura, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
| | - Carla Gonzales
- Department of Biological and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy Alberto Cazorla Tálleri, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Insituto de Investigaciones de la Altura, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
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