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Soto JA, Melo-González F, Riedel CA, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. Modulation of Immune Cells as a Therapy for Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10706. [PMID: 36142624 PMCID: PMC9504747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is an autoimmune disorder like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Both SLE and CLE characterize autoantibody secretion and immune cell recruitment. In particular, CLE can be divided into three more frequent types, varying in the severity of the skin lesions they present. The role of type I IFN was shown to be one of the leading causes of the development of this pathology in the skin. Different treatments have been developed and tested against these different variants of CLE to decrease the increasing levels of CLE in humans. In this article, a literature revision discussing the similarities between SLE and CLE is carried out. In addition, new advances in understanding the development of CLE and the leading treatments being evaluated in animal models and clinical trials are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. Soto
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Felipe Melo-González
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Claudia A. Riedel
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330023, Chile
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Perazzio SF, Andrade LEC, de Souza AWS. Understanding Behçet's Disease in the Context of Innate Immunity Activation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:586558. [PMID: 33193413 PMCID: PMC7606308 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.586558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Behçet´s disease (BD) is a heterogeneous condition consisting of idiopathic systemic vasculitis affecting large and small blood vessels of different types (i.e., arteries, veins, or capillaries). The disease frequently occurs in young adults without gender predilection, differently from several other autoimmune conditions. This challenging illness has recently been proposed by some authors as an example of complex autoinflammatory syndrome. Although much remains unanswered about BD pathogenesis, recent understanding of some aspects of innate immunity have clarified a few issues (and raised others). HLA-B*51 represents the strongest genetic risk factor for BD to date, albeit several other HLA-independent loci have also been associated with the disease. The consistent hyper-reactivity against Streptococcus sanguinis antigens and alterations in oral and gut microbioma suggests that infectious agents may play an important role. Moreover, functional abnormalities of pattern recognition receptors, especially Toll-like receptors in monocytes, have been demonstrated in patients with BD and can be associated with the development of the disease. Neutrophil hyperactivity is one of the most consistent findings in BD pathogenesis, as demonstrated by exacerbated constitutive oxidative burst, chemotaxis and NET formation. However, some studies suggest that the phagocyte-activated status in BD is not primary to the disease itself, but rather restricted to a fraction of patients with severe disease activity, and probably secondary to activating soluble factors carried by serum/plasma from BD patients. Herein we review the state of the art on BD etiopathogenesis with special emphasis on the participation of the innate immune system
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro F Perazzio
- Division of Rheumatology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis E C Andrade
- Division of Rheumatology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pan H, Dai H, Wang L, Lin S, Tao Y, Zheng Y, Jiang R, Fang F, Wu Y. MicroRNA-410-3p modulates chondrocyte apoptosis and inflammation by targeting high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in an osteoarthritis mouse model. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:486. [PMID: 32709223 PMCID: PMC7379779 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03489-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent type of arthritis, which commonly involves inflammation in the articular cartilage in OA pathogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in the regulation and pathophysiology of various diseases including OA. MiR-410-3p has been demonstrated to mediate inflammatory pathways, however, the regulatory functions of miR-410-3p in OA remain largely unknown. Methods The regulations of miR-410-3p were investigated in OA. Mouse primary chondrocytes and mouse in vivo models were used. The expression levels of miR-410-3p and HMGB1 were measured by qPCR. The transcription activity of NF-κB was assessed by luciferase reporter assay. MTT assay was performed to assess cellular proliferation. Cell apoptosis was evaluated with the Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC) Annexin V assay. Expression levels of proteins were determined by Western blot. Results The results demonstrated that miR-410-3p was markedly downregulated in articular cartilage tissues as well as in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated chondrocytes in OA mice. In addition, upregulation of miR-410-3p markedly inhibited LPS-induced apoptosis of chondrocytes. The results also demonstrated that the high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was a target of miR-410-3p. LPS-induced upregulated expression of HMGB1 significantly suppressed expression of miR-410-3p. Furthermore, upregulation of miR-410-3p markedly inhibited HMGB1 expression, the nuclear factor (NF)-kB activity and pro-inflammatory cytokines production. Taken together, the results suggested that miR-410-3p targeted HMGB1 and modulated chondrocytes apoptosis and inflammation through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusions These findings provide insights into the potential of miR-410-3p/ HMGB1 as therapeutic targets for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Anqing Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.352 Ren Min Road, Yingjiang District, Anqing City, 246003, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Huming Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Anqing Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.352 Ren Min Road, Yingjiang District, Anqing City, 246003, Anhui Province, China
| | - Linzhi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Anqing Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.352 Ren Min Road, Yingjiang District, Anqing City, 246003, Anhui Province, China
| | - Silong Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Anqing Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.352 Ren Min Road, Yingjiang District, Anqing City, 246003, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yuefeng Tao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Anqing Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.352 Ren Min Road, Yingjiang District, Anqing City, 246003, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Anqing Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.352 Ren Min Road, Yingjiang District, Anqing City, 246003, Anhui Province, China
| | - Renyi Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Anqing Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.352 Ren Min Road, Yingjiang District, Anqing City, 246003, Anhui Province, China
| | - Fan Fang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Anqing Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.352 Ren Min Road, Yingjiang District, Anqing City, 246003, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Anqing Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.352 Ren Min Road, Yingjiang District, Anqing City, 246003, Anhui Province, China
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Garelli CJ, Refat MA, Nanaware PP, Ramirez-Ortiz ZG, Rashighi M, Richmond JM. Current Insights in Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Immunopathogenesis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1353. [PMID: 32714331 PMCID: PMC7343764 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (CLE) is a clinically diverse group of autoimmune skin diseases with shared histological features of interface dermatitis and autoantibodies deposited at the dermal-epidermal junction. Various genetic and environmental triggers of CLE promote infiltration of T cells, B cells, neutrophils, antigen presenting cells, and NK cells into lesional skin. In this mini-review, we will discuss the clinical features of CLE, insights into CLE immunopathogenesis, and novel treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colton J. Garelli
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Maggi Ahmed Refat
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Padma P. Nanaware
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Zaida G. Ramirez-Ortiz
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Mehdi Rashighi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Jillian M. Richmond
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
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Syahidatulamali CS, Wan Syamimee WG, Azwany YN, Wong KK, Che Maraina CH. Association of anti-CLIC2 and anti-HMGB1 autoantibodies with higher disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. J Postgrad Med 2019; 63:257-261. [PMID: 28862243 PMCID: PMC5664871 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_499_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by numerous autoantibodies. In this study, we investigated the presence of anti-chloride intracellular channel 2 (anti-CLIC2) and anti-high mobility group box 1 (anti-HMGB1) autoantibodies in SLE patients (n = 43) versus healthy controls ([HCs] n = 43), and their association with serological parameters (antinuclear antibody [ANA], anti-double-stranded DNA [anti-dsDNA], and C-reactive protein [CRP]) and disease activity using Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score (active or inactive). SETTINGS AND DESIGN Case-control study at Rheumatology Clinic of Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The sera of SLE patients and HCs were tested for the presence of anti-CLIC2 and anti-HMGB1 autoantibodies using human recombinant proteins and ELISA methodologies. Other serological parameters were evaluated according to routine procedures, and patients' demographic and clinical data were obtained. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Mann-Whitney U-test, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS Anti-CLIC2 autoantibody levels were significantly higher in SLE patients compared to HCs (P = 0.0035), whereas anti-HMGB1 autoantibody levels were not significantly elevated (P = 0.7702). Anti-CLIC2 and anti-HMGB1 autoantibody levels were not associated with ANA pattern, anti-dsDNA, and CRP. Interestingly, SLEDAI score (≥6) was associated with anti-CLIC2 (P = 0.0046) and with anti-HMGB1 (P = 0.0091) autoantibody levels. CONCLUSION Our findings support the potential of using anti-CLIC2 autoantibodies as a novel biomarker for SLE patients. Both anti-CLIC2 and anti-HMGB1 autoantibody levels demonstrated potential in monitoring SLE disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Syahidatulamali
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - W G Wan Syamimee
- Department of Medical, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains , Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Y Nor Azwany
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - K K Wong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - C H Che Maraina
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Gorgulho CM, Romagnoli GG, Bharthi R, Lotze MT. Johnny on the Spot-Chronic Inflammation Is Driven by HMGB1. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1561. [PMID: 31379812 PMCID: PMC6660267 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although much has been made of the role of HMGB1 acting as an acute damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule, prompting the response to tissue damage or injury, it is also released at sites of chronic inflammation including sites of infection, autoimmunity, and cancer. As such, the biology is distinguished from homeostasis and acute inflammation by the recruitment and persistence of myeloid derived suppressor cells, T regulatory cells, fibrosis and/or exuberant angiogenesis depending on the antecedents and the other individual inflammatory partners that HMGB1 binds and focuses, including IL-1β, CXCL12/SDF1, LPS, DNA, RNA, and sRAGE. High levels of HMGB1 released into the extracellular milieu and its persistence in the microenvironment can contribute to the pathogenesis of many if not all autoimmune disorders and is a key factor that drives inflammation further and worsens symptoms. HMGB1 is also pivotal in the maintenance of chronic inflammation and a “wound healing” type of immune response that ultimately contributes to the onset of carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Exosomes carrying HMGB1 and other instructive molecules are released and shape the response of various cells in the chronic inflammatory environment. Understanding the defining roles of REDOX, DAMPs and PAMPs, and the host response in chronic inflammation requires an alternative means for positing HMGB1's central role in limiting and focusing inflammation, distinguishing chronic from acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina M Gorgulho
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Botucatu Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil.,DAMP Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Graziela G Romagnoli
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Botucatu Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Rosh Bharthi
- DAMP Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Michael T Lotze
- DAMP Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Sattwika PD, Mustafa R, Paramaiswari A, Herningtyas EH. Stem cells for lupus nephritis: a concise review of current knowledge. Lupus 2018; 27:1881-1897. [PMID: 30099942 DOI: 10.1177/0961203318793206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN), a common manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), accounts for significant morbidity and mortality in SLE patients. Since the available standard therapies and biologic agents for LN are yet to achieve the desired response and have considerable secondary effects, stem cell therapy has now emerged as a new approach. This therapy involves the transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Our current review will highlight the progress of stem cell therapy for LN, along with the challenges encountered and the future direction of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Sattwika
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr Sardjito General Hospital, Indonesia
| | - R Mustafa
- 2 Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr Sardjito General Hospital, Indonesia
| | - A Paramaiswari
- 3 Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr Sardjito General Hospital, Indonesia
| | - E H Herningtyas
- 4 Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
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Dumestre-Pérard C, Clavarino G, Colliard S, Cesbron JY, Thielens NM. Antibodies targeting circulating protective molecules in lupus nephritis: Interest as serological biomarkers. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:890-899. [PMID: 30009962 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most frequent and severe manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), considered as the major predictor of poor prognosis. An early diagnosis of LN is a real challenge in the management of SLE and has an important implication in guiding treatments. In clinical practice, conventional parameters still lack sensitivity and specificity for detecting ongoing disease activity in lupus kidneys and early relapse of nephritis. LN is characterized by glomerular kidney injury, essentially due to deposition of immune complexes involving autoantibodies against cellular components and circulating proteins. One of the possible mechanisms of induction of autoantibodies in SLE is a defect in apoptotic cells clearance and subsequent release of intracellular autoantigens. Autoantibodies against soluble protective molecules involved in the uptake of dying cells, including complement proteins and pentraxins, have been described. In this review, we present the main autoantibodies found in LN, with a focus on the antibodies against these protective molecules. We also discuss their pathogenic role and conclude with their potential interest as serological biomarkers in LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Dumestre-Pérard
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Pôle de Biologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; BNI TIMC-IMAG, UMR5525, CNRS-Université Grenoble Alpes, BP170, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
| | - Giovanna Clavarino
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Pôle de Biologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; BNI TIMC-IMAG, UMR5525, CNRS-Université Grenoble Alpes, BP170, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Sophie Colliard
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Pôle de Biologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Yves Cesbron
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Pôle de Biologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CS 10217, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; BNI TIMC-IMAG, UMR5525, CNRS-Université Grenoble Alpes, BP170, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Schaper F, de Leeuw K, Horst G, Maas F, Bootsma H, Heeringa P, Limburg PC, Westra J. Autoantibodies to box A of high mobility group box 1 in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 188:412-419. [PMID: 28245520 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies to nuclear structures are a hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), including autoantibodies to nuclear protein high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). HMGB1 consists of three separate domains: box A, box B and an acidic tail. Recombinant box A acts as a competitive antagonist for HMGB1 and might be an interesting treatment option in SLE. However, antibodies to box A might interfere. Therefore, levels of anti-box A were examined in SLE patients in association with disease activity and clinical parameters. Serum anti-box A was measured in 86 SLE patients and 44 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). Serum samples of 28 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome and 32 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were included as disease controls. Anti-HMGB1 and anti-box B levels were also measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay during quiescent disease [SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) ≤ 4, n = 47] and active disease (SLEDAI ≥ 5, n = 39). Anti-box A levels in active SLE patients were higher compared to quiescent patients, and were increased significantly compared to HC and disease controls. Anti-box A levels correlated positively with SLEDAI and anti-dsDNA levels and negatively with complement C3 levels. Increased levels of anti-box A antibodies were present in the majority of patients with nephritic (73%) and non-nephritic exacerbations (71%). Antibodies to the box A domain of HMGB1 might be an interesting new biomarker, as these had a high specificity for SLE and were associated with disease activity. Longitudinal studies should be performed to evaluate whether these antibodies perform better in predicting an exacerbation, especially non-nephritic exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schaper
- Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - K de Leeuw
- Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - G Horst
- Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - F Maas
- Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - H Bootsma
- Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - P Heeringa
- Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - P C Limburg
- Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J Westra
- Departments of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Pan Y, Ke H, Yan Z, Geng Y, Asner N, Palani S, Munirathinam G, Dasari S, Nitiss KC, Bliss S, Patel P, Shen H, Reardon CA, Getz GS, Chen A, Zheng G. The western-type diet induces anti-HMGB1 autoimmunity in Apoe(-/-) mice. Atherosclerosis 2016; 251:31-38. [PMID: 27240253 PMCID: PMC4983250 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Anti-HMGB1 autoimmunity plays a role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Because SLE increases atherosclerosis, we asked whether the same autoimmunity might play a role in atherogenesis. METHODS We looked for the induction of HMGB1-specific B and T cell responses by a western-type diet (WTD) in the Apoe(-/-) mouse model of atherosclerosis. We also determined whether modifying the responses modulates atherosclerosis. RESULTS In the plasma of male Apoe(-/-) mice fed WTD, the level of anti-HMGB1 antibodies (Abs) was detected at ∼50 μg/ml, which was ∼6 times higher than that in either Apoe(-/-) mice fed a normal chow or Apoe(+/+) mice fed WTD (p ≤ 0.0005). The Abs were directed largely toward a novel, dominant epitope of HMGB1 named HMW4; accordingly, compared with chow-fed mice, WTD-fed Apoe(-/-) mice had more activated HMW4-reactive B and T cells (p = 0.005 and p = 0.01, respectively). Compared with mock-immunized mice, Apoe(-/-) mice immunized with HMW4 along with an immunogenic adjuvant showed proportional increases in anti-HMW4 IgG and IgM Abs, HMW4-reactive B-1 and B-2 cells, and HMW4-reactive Treg and Teff cells, which was associated with ∼30% increase in aortic arch lesions (p ≤ 0.01) by two methods. In contrast, Apoe(-/-) mice immunized with HMW4 using a tolerogenic adjuvant showed preferential increases in anti-HMW4 IgM (over IgG) Abs, HMW4-reactive B-1 (over B-2) cells, and HMW4-specific Treg (over Teff) cells, which was associated with ∼40% decrease in aortic arch lesions (p ≤ 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Anti-HMGB1 autoimmunity may potentially play a role in atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Pan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Hanzhong Ke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Zhaoqi Yan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Yajun Geng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Nathan Asner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Sunil Palani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Gnanasekar Munirathinam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Subramanyam Dasari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Karin C Nitiss
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Sarah Bliss
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Priyanka Patel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Hongming Shen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
| | - Catherine A Reardon
- Department of Pathology (C.A.R., G.S.G.), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Godfrey S Getz
- Department of Pathology (C.A.R., G.S.G.), University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Aoshuang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
| | - Guoxing Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA.
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Schaper F, van Timmeren MM, Petersen A, Horst G, Bijl M, Limburg PC, Westra J, Heeringa P. Treatment with Anti-HMGB1 Monoclonal Antibody Does Not Affect Lupus Nephritis in MRL/lpr Mice. Mol Med 2016; 22:12-21. [PMID: 26837069 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear DNA binding protein that acts as an alarmin when secreted. HMGB1 is increased in systemic lupus erythematosus and might represent a potential therapeutic target. We investigated whether treatment with an anti-HMGB1 antibody affects the development of lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice. Seven-week-old MRL/lpr mice were injected intraperitoneally twice weekly for 10 wks with 50 μg monoclonal anti-HMGB1 (2G7, mouse IgG2b) (n = 12) or control antibody (n = 11). Control MRL/MPJ mice (n = 10) were left untreated. Every 2 wks, blood was drawn and urine was collected at wk 7, 11 and 17. Mice were sacrificed at 17 wks for complete disease evaluation. Plasma HMGB1 and anti-HMGB1 levels were increased in MRL/lpr mice compared with control MRL/MPJ mice. There were no differences in albuminuria, urine HMGB1 and plasma levels of complement C3, anti-dsDNA and proinflammatory cytokines between untreated and treated mice at any time point. Lupus nephritis of mice treated with anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was classified as class III (n = 3) and class IV (n = 9), while mice treated with control mAb were classified as class II (n = 4), class III (n = 2) and class IV (n = 5). IgG and C3 deposits in kidneys were similar in mice treated with anti-HMGB1 mAb or control mAb. In conclusion, treatment with monoclonal anti-HMGB-1 antibody 2G7 does not affect development of lupus nephritis, disease progression or proinflammatory cytokine levels in MRL/lpr mice. This result indicates that blocking of HMGB1 by this neutralizing antibody does not affect lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleur Schaper
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjan M van Timmeren
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arjen Petersen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerda Horst
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Bijl
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Martini Hospital, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter C Limburg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna Westra
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Heeringa
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Wirestam L, Schierbeck H, Skogh T, Gunnarsson I, Ottosson L, Erlandsson-Harris H, Wetterö J, Sjöwall C. Antibodies against High Mobility Group Box protein-1 (HMGB1) versus other anti-nuclear antibody fine-specificities and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:338. [PMID: 26596890 PMCID: PMC4657231 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0856-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The non-histone nuclear protein high mobility group box protein-1 (HMGB1) is typically associated with nucleosomes, but may shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, and under some conditions also be released extracellularly and participate in systemic inflammation. Monoclonal HMGB1-targeting antibodies can ameliorate murine polyarthritis and lupus-like disease. Interestingly, autoantibodies against HMGB1 have also been described in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but their clinical implications remain elusive. The main aims of this study were to detect serum anti-HMGB1 antibodies in patients with SLE and relate them to other types of antinuclear antibodies (ANA), and to disease activity. Methods 188 Swedish SLE patients meeting the 1982 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria and/or the 2012 Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics classification criteria participated in the study. Anti-HMGB1 antibody levels were analysed in patient and control (n = 112) sera by an in-house ELISA using recombinant histidine-tagged HMGB1. SLE sera were also analysed for ANA by immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy (IF-ANA) using fixed HEp-2 cells, and by a line-blot assay for antigen fine-specificities. To quantify antibodies to double-stranded DNA, a fluoroenzyme-immunoassay was employed. Results At inclusion, 23 % of the SLE patients were anti-HMGB1 antibody positive compared to 5 % of the controls. Anti-HMGB1 antibodies occurred in 49 % of the IF-ANA positive SLE patients, and in 34 % of IF-ANA negative cases (p = 0.004). Levels of anti-HMGB1 antibodies correlated with anti-dsDNA antibody levels (r = 0.49; p < 0.001). Significant, but less pronounced correlations were found regarding anti-HMGB1 and SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI-2K: r = 0.15; p = 0.04), classical complement function (r = -0.24; p = 0.002) and complement protein C4 (r = -0.23; p = 0.002). Average anti-HMGB1 antibody levels were significantly higher among patients with homogenous ± other IF-ANA staining patterns (median 180 AU) compared to IF-ANA negative cases (median 83 AU) (p = 0.004). Rabbit anti-HMGB1 antibodies gave rise to cytoplasmic, but not nuclear, staining of HEp-2 cells. Conclusions We confirm that anti-HMGB1 antibodies are common in SLE and correlate with disease activity variables. Although anti-HMGB1 antibodies measured by ELISA often coincide with nuclear IF-ANA staining, our results indicate that anti-HMGB1 antibodies do not give rise to nuclear staining of the predominantly used commercial HEp-2 cell slides. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0856-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wirestam
- AIR, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Hanna Schierbeck
- Unit of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Thomas Skogh
- AIR, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Iva Gunnarsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lars Ottosson
- Unit of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Helena Erlandsson-Harris
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Wetterö
- AIR, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Christopher Sjöwall
- AIR, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
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13
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Tan G, Zhu N, Shi Z, Meng Z, Yu M, Li K, Yin J, Wei K, Mi X, Wang L. Anti-high mobility group box 1 (anti-HMGB1) antibodies are not related to the occurrence of cutaneous lesions in systemic lupus erythematosus. Scand J Rheumatol 2014; 44:150-6. [DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2014.928946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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14
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Kang R, Chen R, Zhang Q, Hou W, Wu S, Cao L, Huang J, Yu Y, Fan XG, Yan Z, Sun X, Wang H, Wang Q, Tsung A, Billiar TR, Zeh HJ, Lotze MT, Tang D. HMGB1 in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 40:1-116. [PMID: 25010388 PMCID: PMC4254084 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 693] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Complex genetic and physiological variations as well as environmental factors that drive emergence of chromosomal instability, development of unscheduled cell death, skewed differentiation, and altered metabolism are central to the pathogenesis of human diseases and disorders. Understanding the molecular bases for these processes is important for the development of new diagnostic biomarkers, and for identifying new therapeutic targets. In 1973, a group of non-histone nuclear proteins with high electrophoretic mobility was discovered and termed high-mobility group (HMG) proteins. The HMG proteins include three superfamilies termed HMGB, HMGN, and HMGA. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), the most abundant and well-studied HMG protein, senses and coordinates the cellular stress response and plays a critical role not only inside of the cell as a DNA chaperone, chromosome guardian, autophagy sustainer, and protector from apoptotic cell death, but also outside the cell as the prototypic damage associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP). This DAMP, in conjunction with other factors, thus has cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor activity, orchestrating the inflammatory and immune response. All of these characteristics make HMGB1 a critical molecular target in multiple human diseases including infectious diseases, ischemia, immune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Indeed, a number of emergent strategies have been used to inhibit HMGB1 expression, release, and activity in vitro and in vivo. These include antibodies, peptide inhibitors, RNAi, anti-coagulants, endogenous hormones, various chemical compounds, HMGB1-receptor and signaling pathway inhibition, artificial DNAs, physical strategies including vagus nerve stimulation and other surgical approaches. Future work further investigating the details of HMGB1 localization, structure, post-translational modification, and identification of additional partners will undoubtedly uncover additional secrets regarding HMGB1's multiple functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | - Ruochan Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Qiuhong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Wen Hou
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Lizhi Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xue-Gong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhengwen Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Experimental Department of Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510510, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Qingde Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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15
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Abstract of the 35th Scandinavian Congress of Rheumatology, September 20-23, 2014, Stockholm, Sweden. Scand J Rheumatol 2014:1-97. [PMID: 25184497 DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2014.946235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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16
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Zhang C, Li C, Jia S, Yao P, Yang Q, Zhang Y. High-mobility group box 1 inhibition alleviates lupus-like disease in BXSB mice. Scand J Immunol 2014; 79:333-7. [PMID: 24612327 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), a ubiquitous nuclear DNA-binding protein, functions as a potent proinflammatory factor. In this study, we evaluated the effects of HMGB1 inhibition on murine lupus using the lupus-prone model. We treated male BXSB mice with neutralizing anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody (HMGB1 mAb) from age 16 weeks to 26 weeks. The control group received the same amount of control IgG. Lupus-prone male BXSB mice treated with HMGB1mAb showed attenuated proteinuria, glomerulonephritis, circulating anti-dsDNA and immune complex deposition. Levels of serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17 and IL-18 were also significantly decreased by administration of HMGB1mAb in lupus-prone BXSB mice. HMGB1mAb treatment also decreased the caspase-1 activity in the kidneys of BXSB mice and reduced the mouse mortality. Our study supports that HMGB1 inhibition alleviates lupus-like disease in BXSB mice and might be a potential treatment option for human SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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17
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Yu SL, Wong CK, Tam LS. The alarmin functions of high-mobility group box-1 and IL-33 in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 9:739-49. [PMID: 23971752 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2013.814428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
'Alarmins' are a group of endogenous proteins or molecules that are released from cells during cellular demise to alert the host innate immune system. Two of them, high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and IL-33 shared many similarities of cellular localization, functions and involvement in various inflammatory diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The expressions of HMGB1 and IL-33, and their corresponding receptors RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products) and ST2, respectively, are substantially upregulated in patients with lupus nephritis (LN). This review highlights the emerging roles of alarmin proteins in various pathologies of LN, by focusing on classical HMGB1 and a newly discovered alarmin IL-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Lian Yu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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18
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Schaper F, Westra J, Bijl M. Recent developments in the role of high-mobility group box 1 in systemic lupus erythematosus. Mol Med 2014; 20:72-9. [PMID: 24531837 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an important molecule for several nuclear processes. Recently, HMGB1 has gained much attention as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several (auto)-immune diseases, in particular, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A main pathogenic feature in SLE is the accumulation of apoptotic cells. Since HMGB1 is released from apoptotic cells it has been hypothesized that HMGB1 might fuel the inflammatory processes, as seen in this disease, and play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss evidence in support of the theory that HMGB1 is an important mediator in SLE and may be considered a new autoantigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleur Schaper
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna Westra
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Bijl
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Martini Hospital, Groningen, the Netherlands
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19
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Cirillo P, Giallauria F, Palma VD, Maresca F, Ziviello F, Bevilacqua M, Vigorito C, Trimarco B. Cardiovascular Disease and High-Mobility Group Box 1—Is a New Inflammatory Killer in Town? Angiology 2013; 64:343-355. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319712458032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1) is a nuclear protein physiologically involved in the maintaining of DNA structure in the nucleus. When tissue damage occurs, necrotic cells as well as inflammatory cells, once activated, release this protein in circulating blood, where it seems to exert a direct proinflammatory action. Thus, HMGB-1 might be involved in the pathophysiology of several diseases, including cardiovascular disease. However, the experimental evidence has not yet clarified its cardiovascular role which is still debated. Specifically, it is still not completely resolved whether HMGB-1 plays a protective or detrimental role on cardiovascular function. In this review, we consider the role of HMGB-1 in pathological conditions and comment on the role of this protein in the cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plinio Cirillo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular and Immunological Science, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Giallauria
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular and Immunological Science, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Vito Di Palma
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular and Immunological Science, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Maresca
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular and Immunological Science, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Ziviello
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular and Immunological Science, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Bevilacqua
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular and Immunological Science, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Vigorito
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular and Immunological Science, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Trimarco
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular and Immunological Science, University of Naples “Federico II,” Naples, Italy
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20
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Abdulahad DA, Westra J, Reefman E, Zuidersma E, Bijzet J, Limburg PC, Kallenberg CGM, Bijl M. High mobility group box1 (HMGB1) in relation to cutaneous inflammation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Lupus 2013; 22:597-606. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203313483377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Summary Photosensitivity is characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Upon ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure, patients develop inflammatory skin lesions in the vicinity of sunburn cells (SBCs). High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is released from apoptotic and activated cells and exerts inflammatory actions through ligation to its receptors. Methods Eleven SLE patients and 10 healthy controls (HCs) were exposed to UVB. Skin biopsies were taken before and at one, three and 10 days after irradiation. Sections were stained for SBC, HMGB1, CD3, CD68, interferon-induced protein MxA and cleaved caspase 3. In vitro experiments with UVB-irradiated keratinocytes were also performed. Higher numbers of cells that had released HMGB1 were seen in the skin of SLE patients compared to HCs before and after irradiation. HMGB1-negative nuclei correlated with the presence of SBCs, and with the number of cleaved caspase 3 positive cells in lupus skin. Results HMGB1 release is increased in the skin of SLE patients compared to HCs. Upon UVB exposure, HMGB1 release further increases in SLE patients and is related to the number of apoptotic cells. Our data suggest that HMGB1, probably released from apoptotic keratinocytes, contributes to the development of inflammatory lesions in the skin of SLE patients upon UVB exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- DA Abdulahad
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Westra
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E Reefman
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, TNO, The Netherlands
| | - E Zuidersma
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Bijzet
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - PC Limburg
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - CGM Kallenberg
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Bijl
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Martini Hospital, The Netherlands
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Abstract
HMGB1 is a non-histone nuclear protein that can serve as an alarmin to drive the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune disease. Although primarily located in the cell nucleus, HMGB1 can translocate to the cytoplasm, as well as the extracellular space, during cell activation and cell death; during activation, HMGB1 can undergo post-translational modifications. The activity of HMGB1 varies with the redox states of the cysteine residues, which are required for binding to TLR4. In addition to stimulating cells directly, HMGB1 can form immunostimulatory complexes with cytokines and other endogenous and exogenous factors. In the synovia of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, as well as animal models of this disease, extranuclear expression of HMGB1 is increased and blockade of HMGB1 expression attenuates disease in animal models. In systemic lupus erythematosus, HMGB1 can be a component of immune complexes containing anti-DNA because of its interaction with DNA. In myositis, expression of HMGB1 is enhanced in inflamed muscle and can perturb muscle function. Together, these findings indicate that HMGB1 might be an important mediator and biomarker in rheumatic diseases as well as a target of new therapy.
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22
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Zhang J, Wang K, Zhang J, Liu SS, Dai L, Zhang JY. Using proteomic approach to identify tumor-associated proteins as biomarkers in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:2863-72. [PMID: 21517111 DOI: 10.1021/pr200141c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common cancers in China. The lower survival rate of ESCC is attributed to late diagnosis and poor therapeutic efficacy; therefore, the identification of tumor-associated proteins as biomarkers for early diagnosis, and the discovery of novel targets for therapeutic intervention, seems very important for increasing the survival rate of ESCC. To identify tumor-associated proteins as biomarkers in ESCC, we have analyzed ESCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. The results showed that a total of 104 protein spots with different expression levels were found on 2DE, and 47 proteins were eventually identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Among these identified proteins, 33 proteins including keratin 17 (KRT17), biliverdin reductase B (BLVRB), proteasome activator subunit 1 (PSME1), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), high-mobility group box-1(HMGB1), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), peroxiredoxin (PRDX1), keratin 13 (KRT13), and so on were overexpressed, and 14 proteins including cystatin B (CSTB), tropomyosin 2 (TPM2), annexin 1 (ANX1), transgelin (TAGLN), keratin 19 (KRT19), stratifin (SFN), and so on were down-expressed in ESCC. Biological functions of these proteins are associated with cell proliferation, cell motility, protein folding, oxidative stress, and signal transduction. In the subsequent study using immunoassay on ESCC serum samples and tissue-array slides, two representative proteins, HSP70 and HMGB1, were selected as examples for the purpose of validation. The results showed that both HSP70 and HMGB1 can induce autoantibody response in ESCC sera and have higher expression in ESCC tissues. Especially, the frequency of antibodies to HSP70 in ESCC sera was significantly higher than that in normal human sera. The preliminary results suggest that some of these identified proteins might contribute to esophageal cell differentiation and carcinogenesis, certain proteins could be used as tumor-associated antigen (TAA) biomarkers in cancer diagnosis, and further studies on these identified proteins should provide more evidence of how these proteins are involved in carcinogenesis of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Zhang
- Henan key laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology & Proteomics Research Center, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
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Inefficient clearance of dying cells in patients with SLE: anti-dsDNA autoantibodies, MFG-E8, HMGB-1 and other players. Apoptosis 2010; 15:1098-113. [PMID: 20198437 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-010-0478-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex disease resulting from inflammatory responses of the immune system against several autoantigens. Inflammation is conditioned by the continuous presence of autoantibodies and leaked autoantigens, e.g. from not properly cleared dying and dead cells. Various soluble molecules and biophysical properties of the surface of apoptotic cells play significant roles in the appropriate recognition and further processing of dying and dead cells. We exemplarily discuss how Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8), biophysical membrane alterations, High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), C-reactive protein (CRP), and anti-nuclear autoantibodies may contribute to the etiopathogenesis of the disease. Up to date knowledge about these key elements may provide new insights that lead to the development of new treatment strategies of the disease.
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Ostberg T, Kawane K, Nagata S, Yang H, Chavan S, Klevenvall L, Bianchi ME, Harris HE, Andersson U, Palmblad K. Protective targeting of high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 in a spontaneous arthritis model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:2963-72. [PMID: 20533288 DOI: 10.1002/art.27590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB-1) is a DNA binding nuclear protein that can be released from dying cells and activated myeloid cells. Extracellularly, HMGB-1 promotes inflammation. Clinical and experimental studies demonstrate that HMGB-1 is a pathogenic factor in chronic arthritis. Mice with combined gene deficiency for DNase II and IFNRI spontaneously develop chronic, destructive polyarthritis with many features shared with rheumatoid arthritis. DNase II is needed for macrophage degradation of engulfed DNA. The aim of this study was to evaluate a potential pathogenic role of HMGB-1 in this novel murine model. METHODS The course of arthritis, assessed by clinical scoring and histology, was studied in DNase II(-/-) × IFNRI(-/-) mice, in comparison with heterozygous and wild-type mice. Synovial HMGB-1 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Serum levels of HMGB-1 were determined by Western immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and anti-HMGB-1 autoantibodies were detected by ELISA. Macrophage activation was studied by immunostaining for intracellular interleukin-1β and HMGB-1. HMGB-1 was targeted with truncated HMGB-1-derived BoxA protein, acting as a competitive antagonist, with intraperitoneal injections every second day for 5 weeks. RESULTS DNase II(-/-) × IFNRI(-/-) mice developed symmetric polyarthritis with strong aberrant cytosolic and extracellular HMGB-1 expression in synovial tissue, in contrast to that observed in control animals. Increased serum levels of HMGB-1 and HMGB-1 autoantibodies were recorded in DNase II(-/-) × IFNRI(-/-) mice, both prior to and during the establishment of disease. Systemic HMGB-1-specific blockade significantly ameliorated the clinical disease course, and a protective effect on joint destruction was demonstrated by histologic evaluation. CONCLUSION HMGB-1 is involved in the pathogenesis of this spontaneous polyarthritis, and intervention with an HMGB-1 antagonist can mediate beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Ostberg
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska Hospital, and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Gu Z, Akiyama K, Ma X, Zhang H, Feng X, Yao G, Hou Y, Lu L, Gilkeson GS, Silver RM, Zeng X, Shi S, Sun L. Transplantation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviates lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice. Lupus 2010; 19:1502-14. [PMID: 20647254 DOI: 10.1177/0961203310373782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease, which, despite the advances in immunosuppressive medical therapies, remains potentially fatal in some patients, especially in treatment-refractory patients. This study found that transplantation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) has the same therapeutic effect as transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), which has been reported to be efficient in treating SLE-related symptoms in MRL/lpr mice. Multi-treatment (at the 18th, 19th, and 20th weeks of age) of 1 × 10(6) UC-MSCs was able to decrease the levels of 24-h proteinuria, serum creatinine, and anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody, and the extent of renal injury such as crescent formation in MRL/lpr mice. A lower, but still significant, reduction in these parameters was also observed in mice receiving a single dose of UC-MSCs (at the 18th week). UC-MSCs treatment also inhibited expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1) expression in a similar fashion. UC-MSCs labeled with carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) were found in the lungs and kidneys 1 week post infusion. In addition, after 11 weeks post UC-MSCs infusion, human cells were found in kidney of UC-MSCs-treated mice. These findings indicated that UC-MSCs transplantation might be a potentially promising approach in the treatment of lupus nephritis, possibly by inhibiting MCP-1 and HMGB-1 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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