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Abdel-Nasser A, Badr AN, Fathy HM, Ghareeb MA, Barakat OS, Hathout AS. Antifungal, antiaflatoxigenic, and cytotoxic properties of bioactive secondary metabolites derived from Bacillus species. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16590. [PMID: 39025896 PMCID: PMC11258281 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins (AFs) are hazardous carcinogens and mutagens produced by some molds, particularly Aspergillus spp. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to isolate and identify endophytic bacteria, extract and characterize their bioactive metabolites, and evaluate their antifungal, antiaflatoxigenic, and cytotoxic efficacy against brine shrimp (Artemia salina) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2). Among the 36 bacterial strains isolated, ten bacterial isolates showed high antifungal activity, and thus were identified using biochemical parameters and MALDI-TOF MS. Bioactive metabolites were extracted from two bacterial isolates, and studied for their antifungal activity. The bioactive metabolites (No. 4, and 5) extracted from Bacillus cereus DSM 31T DSM, exhibited strong antifungal capabilities, and generated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polyphenols. The major VOCs were butanoic acid, 2-methyl, and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z) in extracts No. 4, and 5 respectively. Cinnamic acid and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid were the most abundant phenolic acids in extracts No. 4, and 5 respectively. These bioactive metabolites had antifungal efficiency against A. flavus and caused morphological alterations in fungal conidiophores and conidiospores. Data also indicated that both extracts No. 4, and 5 reduced AFB1 production by 99.98%. On assessing the toxicity of bioactive metabolites on A. salina the IC50 recorded 275 and 300 µg/mL, for extracts No. 4, and 5 respectively. Meanwhile, the effect of these extracts on HepG2 revealed that the IC50 of extract No. 5 recorded 79.4 µg/mL, whereas No. 4 showed no cytotoxic activity. It could be concluded that bioactive metabolites derived from Bacillus species showed antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic activities, indicating their potential use in food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Abdel-Nasser
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, Food Industry and Nutrition Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed N Badr
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, Food Industry and Nutrition Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Hayam M Fathy
- Agricultural Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mosad A Ghareeb
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El Nile, Warrak El-Haddar, Imbaba, (P.O. 30), Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Olfat S Barakat
- Agricultural Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amal S Hathout
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, Food Industry and Nutrition Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
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2
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Mou L, Lu Y, Zhang J, Bilal M, Li J, Li G. Sodium alginate coating of Ginkgo biloba leaves extract containing phenylpropanoids as an ecofriendly preserving agent to maintain the quality of peach fruit. J Food Sci 2023; 88:3649-3665. [PMID: 37477272 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant constituents are of great interest in the food processing industry as potential natural preservative agents for controlling foodborne pathogens. In this study, the 95% EtOH/H2 O extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves was separated using polarity extraction solvents with petroleum ether (PE), ethyl acetate (EA), n-butanol (nB), and water (W) by the principle of similarity and compatibility. Through TLC and NMR analysis of these extracts, it can be concluded that the main component of PE extract were organic acids, for EA extract were flavonoids, for nB extract were phenylpropanoids, and water extract were oligosaccharides. Twelve monomer compounds were separated from the extracts to verify the composition of each extraction stage. Results of morphological and molecular identification revealed that Monilinia fructicola and Rhizopus stolonifer were the main fungi causing peach rot. After evaluating the antifungal activity and peach quality of the four extract/sodium alginate coatings, it was found that the n-butanol extract/sodium alginate coating containing phenylpropanoids had the lowest decay index and the best preservation effect, providing a sustainable alternative to reduce the harm to the environment of synthetic preservatives. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The abuse of synthetic preservatives poses a threat to the ecological environment and physical health. Therefore, this study developed sodium alginate coating of Ginkgo biloba leaves extract containing phenylpropanoids, which has good effects on the preservation of peaches. The agent is a promising environmentally friendly alternative for synthetic preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyun Mou
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ya Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Jianlong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ganpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission and Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, P. R. China
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3
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Biological control efficacy of Bacillus licheniformis HG03 against soft rot disease of postharvest peach. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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4
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Mou L, Du X, Lu X, Lu Y, Li G, Li J. Component analysis and antifungal activity of three Chinese herbal essential oils and their application of postharvest preservation of peach fruit. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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5
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Wang K, Qin Z, Wu S, Zhao P, Zhen C, Gao H. Antifungal Mechanism of Volatile Organic Compounds Produced by Bacillus subtilis CF-3 on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Assessed Using Omics Technology. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:5267-5278. [PMID: 33899461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is commonly used as a biocontrol bacterium owing to its strong antifungal activity, broad-spectrum inhibition, and general safety. In this study, the inhibitory effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by B. subtilis CF-3 on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, a major destructive phytopathogen of litchi anthracnose, were analyzed using proteomics and transcriptomics. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and proteins (DEPs) indicated that the inhibition of C. gloeosporioides by B. subtilis CF-3 VOCs downregulated the expression of genes related to cell membrane fluidity, cell wall integrity, energy metabolism, and production of cell wall-degrading enzymes. Particularly, those important DEGs and DEPs related to the ergosterol biosynthetic and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids are most significantly influenced. 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, a characteristic component of B. subtilis CF-3 VOCs, also showed a similar effect on C. gloeosporioides. Our results provide a theoretical basis for the potential application of B. subtilis CF-3 in the postharvest protection of fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shiyuan Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Pengyu Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chaoying Zhen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Haiyan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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6
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Hyun WB, Kang HS, Lee JW, Abraha HB, Kim KP. A newly-isolated Bacillus subtilis BSC35 produces bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance with high potential to control Clostridium perfringens in food. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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7
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Isolation, purification, gene cloning and expression of antifungal protein from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MG-3. Food Chem 2021; 349:129130. [PMID: 33540220 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The antifungal protein MG-3A was isolated from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MG-3, and was purified and identified. The results showed that antifungal protein MG-3A was likely a serine protease with a molecular weight of ~48 kDa. The serine protease exhibited a broad antifungal spectrum and effectively extended the shelf-life of loquat fruit up to 25 d. The antifungal protein MG-3A showed good stabilities to temperature, pH and protease K. Primers were designed according to the mass spectrum of antifungal protein and the comparison with proteins in the NCBI database. The serine protease gene MG-3A from B. amyloliquefaciens genome was isolated and cloned using PCR. The prokaryotic expression plasmid pET28a-MG-3A was constructed and used to express the antimicrobial protein in vitro. The SDS-PAGE results showed that the recombinant protein expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) was highly soluble. Affinity chromatography was used to purify the recombinant protein and its antifungal activity was evaluated.
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8
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Kai M. Diversity and Distribution of Volatile Secondary Metabolites Throughout Bacillus subtilis Isolates. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:559. [PMID: 32322244 PMCID: PMC7156558 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis releases a broad range of volatile secondary metabolites, which are considered as long- and short distance infochemical signals mediating inter- and intra-specific processes. In addition, they often show antimicrobial or antifungal activities. This review attempts to summarize yet known volatile secondary metabolites produced and emitted by Bacillus subtilis isolates focusing on the structural diversity and distribution patterns. Using in vitro volatile-collection systems, 26 strains of B. subtilis isolated from different habitats were found to produce in total 231 volatile secondary metabolites. These volatile secondary metabolites comprised mainly hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, ester, acids, aromatics, sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds. Reviewed data revealed to a great extent isolate-specific emission patterns. The production and release of several volatile bioactive compounds was retained in isolates of the species B. subtilis, while volatiles without a described function seemed to be isolate-specifically produced. Detailed analysis, however, also indicated that the original data were strongly influenced by insufficient descriptions of the bacterial isolates, heterogeneous and poorly documented culture conditions as well as sampling techniques and inadequate compound identification. In order to get deeper insight into the nature, diversity, and ecological function of volatile secondary metabolites produced by B. subtilis, it will be necessary to follow well-documented workflows and fulfill state-of-the-art standards to unambiguously identify the volatile metabolites. Future research should consider the dynamic of a bacterial culture leading to differences in cell morphology and cell development. Single cell investigations could help to attribute certain volatile metabolites to defined cell forms and developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Kai
- Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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9
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Effects of Endophytic Bacillus Subtilis and Salicylic Acid on Postharvest Diseases ( Phytophthora infestans, Fusarium oxysporum) Development in Stored Potato Tubers. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9010076. [PMID: 31936027 PMCID: PMC7020475 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Postharvest diseases of potato lead to significant food and economic losses worldwide. The exogenous application of eco-friendly methods plays an important role in the control of postharvest decay. In this work the effects of endophytic bacteria B. subtilis (10-4, 26D) were studied in the context of two application parameters: concentration, with a range between 103–108 CFU/mL tested, and synergistic effects of the signal molecule salicylic acid (SA) (0.05 mM) on potato tubers’ resistance to Phytophthora infestans and Fusarium oxysporum during storage. The experiments were carried out on hydroponically grown potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) mini-tubers. This study demonstrates the suppressive effect of B. subtilis (10-4, 26D) on diseases of potato during storage and reveals that this effect happens in a dose-dependent manner, both individually and in combination with SA. The most effective concentrations of B. subtilis for suppression of both Ph.infestans and F. oxysporum are 108 CFU/mL (10-4 and 26D), 107 CFU/mL (10-4 + SA) and 106 CFU/mL (26D + SA). The ability of B. subtilis (10-4, 26D) to effectively penetrate and colonize the internal tubers’ tissues when applied immediately prior to storage, and the ability of SA to accelerate these processes, have been proven. B. subtilis (10-4, 26D), individually and in compositions with SA, increased ascorbic acid content and decreased pathogen-induced proline accumulation and lipid peroxidation in tubers. This indicates a protective effect conferred to cells against reactive oxygen and an extension of aging processes, manifested by a prolonged shelf life and extended preservation of fresh appearance.
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10
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Wu S, Zhen C, Wang K, Gao H. Effects of Bacillus Subtilis CF-3 VOCs Combined with Heat Treatment on the Control of Monilinia fructicola in Peaches and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in Litchi Fruit. J Food Sci 2019; 84:3418-3428. [PMID: 31762032 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In order to study the effect of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by Bacillus subtilis CF-3 combined with heat treatment on Monilinia fructicola in peach and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in litchi fruit, fruits were treated with B. subtilis CF-3 VOCs and hot air alone or in combination. The quality indexes of peach and litchi fruit after treatment and the changes in defense-related enzymes were measured. The results showed that the B. subtilis CF-3 VOCs combined with heat treatment could significantly reduce the rot index of peach and litchi fruit, and effectively maintain firmness and soluble solids content, as well as reduce weight loss of fruits. The combined treatment effectively enhanced the activity of peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) than either treatment alone, and enhanced the resistance of fruit to pathogenic fungi by activating disease-resistant enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase [PAL], chitinase [CHI], β-1, 3-glucanase [GLU]) activity. In this study, B. subtilis CF-3 VOCs combined with heat treatment maintained the quality and delayed the decline of peach and litchi fruit, providing a theoretical basis for future applications. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The combination of B. subtilis CF-3 VOCs and heat treatment reduce the extent of M. fructicola and C. gloeosporioides. The combination maintain the quality of peach and litchi better. The combination obviously improve the activity of defense-related enzyme in fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Wu
- Authors are with School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Univ., Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoying Zhen
- Authors are with School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Univ., Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Authors are with School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Univ., Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Gao
- Authors are with School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Univ., Shanghai, China
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11
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Zhou M, Li P, Wu S, Zhao P, Gao H. Bacillus subtilis CF-3 Volatile Organic Compounds Inhibit Monilinia fructicola Growth in Peach Fruit. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1804. [PMID: 31440224 PMCID: PMC6692483 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by Bacillus subtilis CF-3 in inhibiting Monilinia fructicola in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro experiments, the effect of VOCs on the growth of the pathogenic fungi was explored by using plate enthalpy test; mycelial morphology was studied by scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy; and fatty acid contents in the cell membrane were assessed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results indicated that treatment with benzothiazole and CF-3 for 24 h, in the form of a fermentation broth (24hFB), significantly inhibited the germination of fungal spores, modified hyphal and cell morphology, and decreased the cell membrane fluidity and integrity. In the in vivo experiments, the effect of VOCs on the defense mechanism of peach fruit toward M. fructicola was studied, and we found that benzothiazole and CF-3 24hFB inhibited the activity of the pathogenic enzymes (pectinase, cellulase) secreted by M. fructicola to reduce the decomposition of plant tissues, activate the antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) in the fruit to eliminate excessive reactive oxygen species in order to reduce plant cell damage, and trigger the disease-resistant enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chitinases, and β-1,3-glucanase) to enhance the resistance of peach fruit to M. fructicola and inhibit its growth. This study suggests that CF-3 VOCs could activate disease-resistant enzymes to prevent the invasion of pathogenic fungi and induce resistance in peach, thereby providing a theoretical basis for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minshun Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Shanghai, China
| | - Peizhong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyuan Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengyu Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Shanghai, China
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12
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Zhao P, Li P, Wu S, Zhou M, Zhi R, Gao H. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from Bacillus subtilis CF-3 reduce anthracnose and elicit active defense responses in harvested litchi fruits. AMB Express 2019; 9:119. [PMID: 31352537 PMCID: PMC6661035 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0841-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by Bacillus subtilis CF-3 on the growth and development of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and evaluated the elicitation of active defense responses in harvested litchi fruits. In vitro experiments were conducted to explore the bacteriostatic effect of VOCs in inhibiting pathogenic fungi by means of plate enthalpy test, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and CF-3 24-h fermentation broth (24hFB) can significantly inhibit the germination of fungal spores, disrupt hyphal and cell morphology, and decrease cell membrane fluidity and integrity, resulting in the changes of indexes. In addition, the bacteriostasis of VOCs in the defensive ability of litchi fruits to C. gloeosporioides was studied, and it was shown that 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and CF-3 24hFB can inhibit the activity of the pathogenic enzymes (pectinase and cellulase) secreted by C. gloeosporioides to reduce the decomposition of plant tissues, activate antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) in the fruit to eliminate excessive reactive oxygen species in fruits in order to reduce plant cell damage and activate disease resistance enzymes (phenylalanineammonialyase, chitinases, β-1,3-glucanase) to enhance the resistance of litchi fruits to C. gloeosporioides and inhibit its growth. This study investigated the bacteriostasis of VOCs in inhibiting C. gloeosporioides and inducing the resistance of litchi fruits, providing a theoretical basis for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
- School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Peizhong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyuan Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Minshun Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruicong Zhi
- School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haiyan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China.
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Lastochkina O, Seifikalhor M, Aliniaeifard S, Baymiev A, Pusenkova L, Garipova S, Kulabuhova D, Maksimov I. Bacillus Spp.: Efficient Biotic Strategy to Control Postharvest Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8040097. [PMID: 31013814 PMCID: PMC6524353 DOI: 10.3390/plants8040097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
: Postharvest diseases significantly reduce the shelf-life of harvested fruits/vegetables worldwide. Bacillus spp. are considered to be an eco-friendly and bio-safe alternative to traditional chemical fungicides/bactericides due to their intrinsic ability to induce native anti-stress pathways in plants. This review compiles information from multiple scientific databases (Scopus, ScienceDirect, GoogleScholar, ResearchGate, etc.) using the keywords "postharvest diseases", "Bacillus", "Bacillus subtilis", "biocontrol", "storage", "losses", and "fruits/vegetables". To date, numerous examples of successful Bacillus spp. application in controlling various postharvest-emerged pathogens of different fruits/vegetables during handling, transportation, and storage have been described in the literature. The mechanism/s of such action is/are still largely unknown; however, it is suggested that they include: i) competition for space/nutrients with pathogens; ii) production of various bio-active substances with antibiotic activity and cell wall-degrading compounds; and iii) induction of systemic resistance. With that, Bacillus efficiency may depend on various factors including strain characteristics (epiphytes or endophytes), application methods (before or after harvest/storage), type of pathogens/hosts, etc. Endophytic B. subtilis-based products can be more effective because they colonize internal plant tissues and are less dependent on external environmental factors while protecting cells inside. Nevertheless, the mechanism/s of Bacillus action on harvested fruits/vegetables is largely unknown and requires further detailed investigations to fully realize their potential in agricultural/food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Lastochkina
- Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450059 Ufa, Russia.
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia.
| | - Maryam Seifikalhor
- Department of Plant Biology, Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms in Iran, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155, Iran.
| | - Sasan Aliniaeifard
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Tehran 3391653775, Iran.
| | - Andrey Baymiev
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia.
- Department of Biology, Bashkir State University, 450076 Ufa, Russia.
| | - Ludmila Pusenkova
- Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450059 Ufa, Russia.
| | - Svetlana Garipova
- Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450059 Ufa, Russia.
- Department of Biology, Bashkir State University, 450076 Ufa, Russia.
| | - Darya Kulabuhova
- Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450059 Ufa, Russia.
| | - Igor Maksimov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia.
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14
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Lastochkina O. Bacillus subtilis-Mediated Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants. BACILLI IN CLIMATE RESILIENT AGRICULTURE AND BIOPROSPECTING 2019:97-133. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15175-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
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15
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Gao H, Li P, Xu X, Zeng Q, Guan W. Research on Volatile Organic Compounds From Bacillus subtilis CF-3: Biocontrol Effects on Fruit Fungal Pathogens and Dynamic Changes During Fermentation. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:456. [PMID: 29593695 PMCID: PMC5861295 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic changes of the levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by Bacillus subtilis CF-3 and their biocontrol effects on common fungal pathogens were researched in this study. The results showed that the VOCs in 24-h fermentation liquid (24hFL) of B. subtilis CF-3 inhibited mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Penicillium expansum, Monilinia fructicola, and Alternaria alternata, with a mean inhibition rate of 59.97%. The inhibitory effect on M. fructicola and C. gloeosporioides was the highest; they were therefore selected as target fungal pathogens for further experiments. Based on headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS), 74 potential VOCs were identified during the fermentation: 15 alcohols, 18 ketones, 4 pyrazines, 4 esters, 10 acids, 5 phenols, 3 hydrocarbons, 3 amines, 2 aldehydes, 5 ethers, and 5 other components. At different fermentation times, the type and content of VOCs were different. Most of the potential VOCs (62 VOCs) were identified in the 48hFL. The inhibition rates of all VOCs reached their peaks (73.46% on M. fructicola and 63.63% on C. gloeosporioides) in the 24hFL. Among the identified VOCs, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, 1-octanol, and benzothiazole showed significant positive correlations with the rates of M. fructicola and C. gloeosporioides inhibition. Benzoic acid and benzaldehyde showed a significant positive correlation with the rates of M. fructicola inhibition, and anisole and 3-methylbutanal showed a significant positive correlation with the rates of C. gloeosporioides inhibition. In vitro, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol showed a strong inhibitory effect on both M. fructicola and C. gloeosporioides. In vivo, benzothiazole showed the strongest inhibitory effect on the mycelial extensions of both M. fructicola and C. gloeosporioides, which also led to an increased rate of healthy fruit. The results of the present study clarified that 2,4-di-tert-butylthiophenol and benzothiazole are key inhibitory VOCs produced by B. subtilis CF-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Shanghai, China
| | - Peizhong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxing Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqiang Guan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
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Vilanova L, Teixidó N, Usall J, Balsells-Llauradó M, Gotor-Vila A, Torres R. Environmental fate and behaviour of the biocontrol agent Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CPA-8 after preharvest application to stone fruit. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:375-383. [PMID: 28846195 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain CPA-8 has been described as an effective biocontrol agent to control brown rot in stone fruit for both preharvest and postharvest applications. However, no information about the environmental fate and behaviour of this strain under field conditions is available. RESULTS The dispersion of the CPA-8 application was evaluated using water-sensitive papers, and complete coverage was observed on the leaves of treated trees, while <1% of non-treated tree leaves had CPA-8. CPA-8 persisted on the fruit of treated trees during preharvest and postharvest conditions, while a significant decrease on leaves and weeds was observed 21 days after treatment. On non-treated trees, CPA-8 was detected on leaves until 180 days after treatment, and on weeds, the CPA-8 population was dependent on the distance from the treated trees. A high persistence of CPA-8 was detected on inert materials, such as clothes and gloves worn by handlers and plastic harvesting boxes. More than 99% of the samples with a CPA-8 phenotype were confirmed as CPA-8 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). CONCLUSION This work demonstrated a good distribution, persistence and adaptation of the CPA-8 strain to field and postharvest conditions. Monitoring of dispersion and persistence is an excellent tool to determine the time of application and provides valuable information for registering issues. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vilanova
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Edifici Fruitcentre, Lleida, Spain
| | - Neus Teixidó
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Edifici Fruitcentre, Lleida, Spain
| | - Josep Usall
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Edifici Fruitcentre, Lleida, Spain
| | - Marta Balsells-Llauradó
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Edifici Fruitcentre, Lleida, Spain
| | - Amparo Gotor-Vila
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Edifici Fruitcentre, Lleida, Spain
| | - Rosario Torres
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Edifici Fruitcentre, Lleida, Spain
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Calvo H, Marco P, Blanco D, Oria R, Venturini M. Potential of a new strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BUZ-14 as a biocontrol agent of postharvest fruit diseases. Food Microbiol 2017; 63:101-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gao H, Xu X, Zeng Q, Li P. Optimization of Headspace Solid-phase Microextraction for GC-MS Analysis of Volatile Compounds Produced by Biocontrol Strain Bacillus subtilis CF-3 Using Response Surface Methodology. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.23.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops
| | - Xinxing Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops
| | - Qing Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops
| | - Peizhong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops
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