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Hernández-Guerrero M, Gomez-Maldonado D, Gutiérrez-Castañeda J, Revah S, Campos-Terán J, Vigueras-Ramírez G. Assessment of Culture Systems to Produce Bacterial Cellulose with a Kombucha Consortium. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04929-z. [PMID: 38558275 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04929-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is an emerging material for high-end applications due to its biocompatibility and physicochemical characteristics. However, the scale-up production of this material is still expensive, with the culture medium constituting one-third of the total cost. Herein, four different media (yeast nitrogen base, YNB; Murashige and Skoog, MSO; black tea; and NPK fertilizer solution) were compared while using sucrose as an additional carbon source. The yields of BC were best for YNB and fertilizer with 0.37 and 0.34 gBC/gC respectively. These two were then compared using glucose as a carbon source, with improvements in the production of 29% for the fertilizer, while only an 8% increase for YNB was seen; however, as the carbon concentration increased with a fixed N concentration, the yield was lower but the rate of production of BC increased. The obtained BC films were sanitized and showed low molecular weight and all the expected cellulose characteristic FT-IR bands while SEM showed nanofibers around 0.1 μm. Compared to traditional methods for lab-scale production, the use of the fertilizer and the consortium represent benefits compared to traditional lab-scale BC culture methods such as a competitive cost (two times lower) while posing resilience and tolerance to stress conditions given that it is produced by microbial communities and not with a single strain. Additionally, the low molecular weight of the films could be of interest for certain coating formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maribel Hernández-Guerrero
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Cuajimalpa, 05348, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diego Gomez-Maldonado
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jorge Gutiérrez-Castañeda
- Ingeniería Biológica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Cuajimalpa, 05348, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Revah
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Cuajimalpa, 05348, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Campos-Terán
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Cuajimalpa, 05348, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Vigueras-Ramírez
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa, Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Cuajimalpa, 05348, Mexico City, Mexico.
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2
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Zefirov VV, Sadykova VS, Ivanenko IP, Kuznetsova OP, Butenko IE, Gromovykh TI, Kiselyova OI. Liquid-crystalline ordering in bacterial cellulose produced by Gluconacetobaсter hansenii on glucose-containing media. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 292:119692. [PMID: 35725180 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This research is dedicated to the studies of the microscale morphology of bacterial cellulose (BC) obtained by means of static cultivation of Gluconacetobacter hansenii GH-1/2008. We found that the microscale morphology depended on the BC production rate that was varied by using different glucose concentrations in the cultivation medium. It was revealed that at higher production rates, BC fibrils were aligned in a liquid-crystalline-like (LC-like) order. The observed helical alignment was always left-handed. The half-periods of the helix varied from 50 μm to 150 μm depending on the cultivation conditions. The mechanical and water absorption properties of the obtained BC pellicles were measured. The former correlated mainly with the density of the samples; the latter were the best for films with layered structure, where the BC had segregated into fleece sheets separated by gaps with low density of fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim V Zefirov
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation; A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova str., 28, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Vera S Sadykova
- G.F. Gauze Institute of New Antibiotics, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya str., 11, bld. 1, Moscow 119021, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya P Ivanenko
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Olga P Kuznetsova
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina str., 4, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan E Butenko
- G.F. Gauze Institute of New Antibiotics, Bolshaya Pirogovskaya str., 11, bld. 1, Moscow 119021, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana I Gromovykh
- ChemBioTech Department, Moscow Polytechnic University, Bolshaya Semenovskaya str., 38, Moscow 107023, Russian Federation
| | - Olga I Kiselyova
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
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3
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Yang KY, Wloch D, Lee KY. TEMPO-oxidised nanocellulose hydrogels and self-standing films derived from bacterial cellulose nanopaper. RSC Adv 2021; 11:28352-28360. [PMID: 35480772 PMCID: PMC9038016 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04190h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels derived from TEMPO-oxidised cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNs) are not robust and inherently water unstable if the TOCNs are not crosslinked or coated with a water-swellable polymer. Furthermore, the manufacturing of self-standing TOCN films is still a challenge due to the small TOCN diameter and the viscosifying effect of TOCNs. Here, we report the TEMPO-mediated oxidation of bacterial cellulose (BC) nanopaper as a route to produce robust and water stable TOCN hydrogels without the need of additional additives or crosslinking steps. Pristine BC pellicle was first press-dried into a dried and well-consolidated BC nanopaper, followed by TEMPO-oxidation at various NaClO concentrations. The oxidation reaction introduced carboxylate moieties onto the exposed BC nanofibrils within the nanopaper network structure. This then led to the expansion and swelling of the nanopaper into a hydrogel. A swelling ratio of up to 100 times the original thickness of the BC nanopaper was observed upon TEMPO-oxidation. The water retention value of the TEMPO-oxidised BC hydrogels was also found to increase with increasing carboxylate content. These TEMPO-oxidised BC hydrogels were found to be robust and water-stable, even under prolonged (>1 month) magnetic stirring in water. We further showed that high grammage self-standing TOCN films (100 g m-2) can be fabricated as simple as press-drying these water stable TEMPO-oxidised BC hydrogels without the need of vacuum-assisted filtration or slow-drying, which is typically the rate-limiting step in the manufacturing of TOCN films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Y Yang
- Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Daniela Wloch
- Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Koon-Yang Lee
- Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
- Institute for Molecular Science and Engineering, Imperial College London SW7 2AZ UK
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4
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Oliver-Ortega H, Geng S, Espinach FX, Oksman K, Vilaseca F. Bacterial Cellulose Network from Kombucha Fermentation Impregnated with Emulsion-Polymerized Poly(methyl methacrylate) to Form Nanocomposite. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13040664. [PMID: 33672280 PMCID: PMC7927133 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of bio-based residues is one of the key indicators towards sustainable development goals. In this work, bacterial cellulose, a residue from the fermentation of kombucha tea, was tested as a reinforcing nanofiber network in an emulsion-polymerized poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix. The use of the nanofiber network is facilitating the formation of nanocomposites with well-dispersed nanofibers without using organic solvents or expensive methodologies. Moreover, the bacterial cellulose network structure can serve as a template for the emulsion polymerization of PMMA. The morphology, size, crystallinity, water uptake, and mechanical properties of the kombucha bacterial cellulose (KBC) network were studied. The results showed that KBC nanofibril diameters were ranging between 20–40 nm and the KBC was highly crystalline, >90%. The 3D network was lightweight and porous material, having a density of only 0.014 g/cm3. Furthermore, the compressed KBC network had very good mechanical properties, the E-modulus was 8 GPa, and the tensile strength was 172 MPa. The prepared nanocomposites with a KBC concentration of 8 wt.% were translucent with uniform structure confirmed with scanning electron microscopy study, and furthermore, the KBC network was homogeneously impregnated with the PMMA matrix. The mechanical testing of the nanocomposite showed high stiffness compared to the neat PMMA. A simple simulation of the tensile strength was used to understand the limited strain and strength given by the bacterial cellulose network. The excellent properties of the final material demonstrate the capability of a residue of kombucha fermentation as an excellent nanofiber template for use in polymer nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Oliver-Ortega
- Group LEPAMAP, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Girona, EPS. Ed. PI. C/ Maria Aurelia Capmany 61, 17003 Girona, Spain;
| | - Shiyu Geng
- Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, SE 97187 Luleå, Sweden;
| | - Francesc Xavier Espinach
- Design, Development and Product Innovation, Department Organization, Business Management and Product Design, University of Girona, C/ Maria Aurelia Capmany 61, 17003 Girona, Spain;
| | - Kristiina Oksman
- Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, SE 97187 Luleå, Sweden;
- Mechanical & Industrial Engineering (MIE), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Fabiola Vilaseca
- Engineering Materials, Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 41296 Göteborg, Sweden;
- BIMATEC, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Girona, EPS. Ed. PI. C/ Maria Aurelia Capmany 61, 17003 Girona, Spain
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5
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Torres F, Arroyo J, Troncoso O. Bacterial cellulose nanocomposites: An all-nano type of material. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 98:1277-1293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Torres FG, Ccorahua R, Arroyo J, Troncoso OP. Enhanced conductivity of bacterial cellulose films reinforced with NH4I-doped graphene oxide. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2018.1563135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando G. Torres
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Perú
| | - Robert Ccorahua
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Perú
| | - Junior Arroyo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Perú
| | - Omar P. Troncoso
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Perú
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7
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Guan QF, Han ZM, Luo TT, Yang HB, Liang HW, Chen SM, Wang GS, Yu SH. A general aerosol-assisted biosynthesis of functional bulk nanocomposites. Natl Sci Rev 2018; 6:64-73. [PMID: 34691832 PMCID: PMC8291477 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwy144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Although a variety of nanoparticles with better-than-bulk material performances can be synthesized, it remains a challenge to scale the extraordinary properties of individual nanoscale units to the macroscopic level for bulk nanostructured materials. Here, we report a general and scalable biosynthesis strategy that involves simultaneous growth of cellulose nanofibrils through microbial fermentation and co-deposition of various kinds of nanoscale building blocks (NBBs) through aerosol feeding on solid culture substrates. We employ this biosynthesis strategy to assemble a wide range of NBBs into cellulose nanofibril-based bulk nanocomposites. In particular, the biosynthesized carbon nanotubes/bacterial cellulose nanocomposites that consist of integrated 3D cellulose nanofibril networks simultaneously achieve an extremely high mechanical strength and electrical conductivity, and thus exhibit outstanding performance as high-strength lightweight electromagnetic interference shielding materials. The biosynthesis approach represents a general and efficient strategy for large-scale production of functional bulk nanocomposites with enhanced performances for practical applications. Industrial-scale production of these bulk nanocomposite materials for practical applications can be expected in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Fang Guan
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zi-Meng Han
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Tong-Tong Luo
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Huai-Bin Yang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hai-Wei Liang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Si-Ming Chen
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guang-Sheng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Hefei Science Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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8
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XRD and solid state 13C-NMR evaluation of the crystallinity enhancement of 13C-labeled bacterial cellulose biosynthesized by Komagataeibacter xylinus under different stimuli: A comparative strategy of analyses. Carbohydr Res 2018; 461:51-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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In Vitro Studies of Bacterial Cellulose and Magnetic Nanoparticles Smart Nanocomposites for Efficient Chronic Wounds Healing. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:195096. [PMID: 26106420 PMCID: PMC4464591 DOI: 10.1155/2015/195096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality of life of patients with chronic wounds can be extremely poor and, therefore, over the past decades, great efforts have been made to develop efficient strategies to improve the healing process and the social impact associated with these conditions. Cell based therapy, as a modern tissue engineering strategy, involves the design of 3D cell-scaffold bioconstructs obtained by preseeding drug loaded scaffolds with undifferentiated cells in order to achieve in situ functional de novo tissue. This paper reports on the development of bionanocomposites based on bacterial cellulose and magnetic nanoparticles (magnetite) for efficient chronic wounds healing. Composites were obtained directly in the cellulose bacterial culture medium by dispersing various amounts of magnetite nanoparticles during the biosynthesis process. After purification and drying, the membranes were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction to reveal the presence of magnetite within the bacterial cellulose matrix. Morphological investigation was employed through SEM and TEM analyses on bionanocomposites. The biocompatibility of these innovative materials was studied in relation to human adipose derived stem cells in terms of cellular morphology, viability, and proliferation as well as scaffolds cytotoxic potential.
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10
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Culebras M, Grande CJ, Torres FG, Troncoso OP, Gomez CM, Bañó MC. Optimization of Cell Growth on Bacterial Cellulose by Adsorption of Collagen and Poly-L-Lysine. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2014.958829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Nainggolan H, Gea S, Bilotti E, Peijs T, Hutagalung SD. Mechanical and thermal properties of bacterial-cellulose-fibre-reinforced Mater-Bi(®) bionanocomposite. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 4:325-329. [PMID: 23766957 PMCID: PMC3678394 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.4.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the addition of fibres of bacterial cellulose (FBC) to commercial starch of Mater-Bi(®) have been investigated. FBC produced by cultivating Acetobacter xylinum for 21 days in glucose-based medium were purified by sodium hydroxide 2.5 wt % and sodium hypochlorite 2.5 wt % overnight, consecutively. To obtain water-free BC nanofibres, the pellicles were freeze dried at a pressure of 130 mbar at a cooling rate of 10 °C min(-1). Both Mater-Bi and FBC were blended by using a mini twin-screw extruder at 160 °C for 10 min at a rotor speed of 50 rpm. Tensile tests were performed according to ASTM D638 to measure the Young's modulus, tensile strength and elongation at break. A field emission scanning electron microscope was used to observe the morphology at an accelerating voltage of 10 kV. The crystallinity (T c) and melting temperature (T m) were measured by DSC. Results showed a significant improvement in mechanical and thermal properties in accordance with the addition of FBC into Mater-Bi. FBC is easily incorporated in Mater-Bi matrix and produces homogeneous Mater-Bi/FBC composite. The crystallinity of the Mater-Bi/FBC composites decrease in relation to the increase in the volume fraction of FBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamonangan Nainggolan
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Sumatera Utara (USU), Medan 20155, Indonesia
| | - Saharman Gea
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Sumatera Utara (USU), Medan 20155, Indonesia
| | - Emiliano Bilotti
- School of Engineering and Material Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Ton Peijs
- School of Engineering and Material Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Sabar D Hutagalung
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
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12
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Gea S, Reynolds CT, Roohpour N, Wirjosentono B, Soykeabkaew N, Bilotti E, Peijs T. Investigation into the structural, morphological, mechanical and thermal behaviour of bacterial cellulose after a two-step purification process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:9105-9110. [PMID: 21835613 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2010] [Revised: 04/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural hydrogel, which is produced by Acetobacter xylinum (recently renamed Gluconacetobacter xylinum) in culture and constitutes of a three-dimensional network of ribbon-shaped bundles of cellulose microfibrils. Here, a two-step purification process is presented that significantly improves the structural, mechanical, thermal and morphological behaviour of BC sheet processed from these hydrogels produced in static culture. Alkalisation of BC using a single-step treatment of 2.5 wt.% NaOH solution produced a twofold increase in Young's modulus of processed BC sheet over untreated BC sheet. Further enhancements are achieved after a second treatment with 2.5 wt.% NaOCl (bleaching). These treatments were carefully designed in order to prevent any polymorphic crystal transformation from cellulose I to cellulose II, which can be detrimental for the mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis reveals that with increasing chemical treatment, morphological and thermal stability of the processed films are also improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saharman Gea
- School of Engineering and Material Science and Centre for Materials Research, Queen Mary University of London, London E14NS, UK
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13
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Moon RJ, Martini A, Nairn J, Simonsen J, Youngblood J. Cellulose nanomaterials review: structure, properties and nanocomposites. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:3941-94. [PMID: 21566801 DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00108b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2530] [Impact Index Per Article: 194.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This critical review provides a processing-structure-property perspective on recent advances in cellulose nanoparticles and composites produced from them. It summarizes cellulose nanoparticles in terms of particle morphology, crystal structure, and properties. Also described are the self-assembly and rheological properties of cellulose nanoparticle suspensions. The methodology of composite processing and resulting properties are fully covered, with an emphasis on neat and high fraction cellulose composites. Additionally, advances in predictive modeling from molecular dynamic simulations of crystalline cellulose to the continuum modeling of composites made with such particles are reviewed (392 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Moon
- The Forest Products Laboratory, US Forest Service, Madison, WI, USA.
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14
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Quero F, Nogi M, Lee KY, Vanden Poel G, Bismarck A, Mantalaris A, Yano H, Eichhorn SJ. Cross-linked bacterial cellulose networks using glyoxalization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:490-9. [PMID: 21186815 DOI: 10.1021/am101065p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate that bacterial cellulose (BC) networks can be cross-linked via glyoxalization. The fracture surfaces of samples show that, in the dry state, less delamination occurs for glyoxalized BC networks compared to unmodified BC networks, suggesting that covalent bond coupling between BC layers occurs during the glyoxalization process. Young's moduli of dry unmodified BC networks do not change significantly after glyoxalization. The stress and strain at failure are, however, reduced after glyoxalization. However, the wet mechanical properties of the BC networks are improved by glyoxalization. Raman spectroscopy is used to demonstrate that the stress-transfer efficiency of deformed dry and wet glyoxalized BC networks is significantly increased compared to unmodified material. This enhanced stress-transfer within the networks is shown to be a consequence of the covalent coupling induced during glyoxalization and offers a facile route for enhancing the mechanical properties of BC networks for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Quero
- Materials Science Centre, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Grosvenor Street, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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