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Calabrese E, Raimondo M, Sorrentino A, Russo S, Longo P, Mariconda A, Longo R, Guadagno L. Verification of the Self-Healing Ability of PP-co-HUPy Copolymers in Epoxy Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1509. [PMID: 38891456 PMCID: PMC11174561 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This work concerns the verification of the self-healing ability of PP-co-HUPy copolymers dispersed in epoxy systems. PP is the acronym for the Poly-PEGMA polymer, and HUPy refers to the HEMA-UPy copolymers based on ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) moieties. In particular, this work aims to verify whether this elastomer characterized by an intrinsic self-healing ability can activate supramolecular interactions among polymer chains of an epoxy resin, as in the elastomer alone. The elastomer includes a class of polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether methacrylate-based copolymers, with different percentages of urea-N-2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methyl pyrimidine-N'-(hexamethylene-n-carboxyethyl methacrylate) (HEMA-UPy) co-monomers. The self-healing capability of these copolymers based on possible quadruple hydrogen bond interactions between polymer chains has been verified. The formulated epoxy samples did not show self-healing efficiency. This can be attributed to the formation of phase segregation that originates during the curing process of the samples, although the PP-co-HUPy copolymers are completely soluble in the liquid epoxy matrix EP. The morphological investigation highlighted the presence of crystals of PP-co-HUPy copolymers, which are in greater quantity in the sample containing the highest weight percentage (7.8 wt%) of HUPy units. Furthermore, the crystals act as promotors for increasing the curing degree (DC) of the epoxy systems containing HUPy units. DC goes from 91.6% for EP to 96.1% and 95.4% for the samples containing weight percentages of 2.5 and 7.8 wt% of HUPy units, respectively. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) shows storage modulus values for epoxy systems containing PP-co-HUPy units lower than that of the unfilled resin EP. The values of maximum in Tan δ (Tg), representing the temperature at which the glass transition occurs, are 220 for the unfilled resin EP, 228 for the sample containing 2.5 wt% of HEMA-UPy units, and 211 for the sample containing 7.8 wt% of HEMA-UPy units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Calabrese
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (E.C.); (R.L.)
| | - Marialuigia Raimondo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (E.C.); (R.L.)
| | - Andrea Sorrentino
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), via Previati n. 1/E, 23900 Lecco, Italy;
| | - Simona Russo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.R.); (P.L.)
| | - Pasquale Longo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (S.R.); (P.L.)
| | - Annaluisa Mariconda
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Longo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (E.C.); (R.L.)
| | - Liberata Guadagno
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (E.C.); (R.L.)
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2
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Rana S, Solanki M, Sahoo NG, Krishnakumar B. Bio-Vitrimers for Sustainable Circular Bio-Economy. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4338. [PMID: 36297916 PMCID: PMC9606967 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim to achieve sustainable development goals (SDG) and cut CO2-emission is forcing researchers to develop bio-based materials over conventional polymers. Since most of the established bio-based polymeric materials demonstrate prominent sustainability, however, performance, cost, and durability limit their utilization in real-time applications. Additionally, a sustainable circular bioeconomy (CE) ensures SDGs deliver material production, where it ceases the linear approach from production to waste. Simultaneously, sustainable circular bio-economy promoted materials should exhibit the prominent properties to involve and substitute conventional materials. These interceptions can be resolved through state-of-the-art bio-vitrimeric materials that display durability/mechanical properties such as thermosets and processability/malleability such as thermoplastics. This article emphasizes the current need for vitrimers based on bio-derived chemicals; as well as to summarize the developed bio-based vitrimers (including reprocessing, recycling and self-healing properties) and their requirements for a sustainable circular economy in future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sravendra Rana
- School of Engineering, Energy Acres, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Bidholi, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Manisha Solanki
- School of Business, Energy Acres, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Bidholi, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Nanda Gopal Sahoo
- Prof. Rajendra Singh Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Centre, Department of Chemistry, D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital 263001, India
| | - Balaji Krishnakumar
- College of Engineering, The Florida A&M University-Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, FL 32310-6046, USA
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3
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El Choufi N, Mustapha S, Tehrani B A, Grady BP. An Overview of Self-Healable Polymers and Recent Advances in the Field. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200164. [PMID: 35478422 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The search for materials with better performance, longer service life, lower environmental impact, and lower overall cost is at the forefront of polymer science and material engineering. This has led to the development of self-healing polymers with a range of healing mechanisms including capsular-based, vascular, and intrinsic self-healing polymers. The development of self-healable systems has been inspired by the healing of biological systems such as skin wound healing and broken bone reconstruction. The goal of using self-healing polymers in various applications is to extend the service life of polymers without the need for replacement or human intervention especially in restricted access areas such as underwater/underground piping where inspection, intervention, and maintenance are very difficult. Through an industrial and scholarly lens, this paper provides (a) an overview of self-healing polymers, (b) classification of different self-healing polymers and polymer-based composites, (c) mechanical, thermal, and electrical analysis characterization, (d) applications in coating, composites, and electronics, (e) modeling and simulation, and (f) recent development in the past 20 years . This review highlights the importance of healable polymers for an economically and environmentally sustainable future, the most recent advances in the field, and current limitations in fabrication, manufacturing, and performance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim El Choufi
- Chemical Engineering Department, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samir Mustapha
- Mechanical Engineering Department, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Tehrani B
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Brian P Grady
- School of Chemical, Biological and, Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
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4
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Yi P, Chen J, Chang J, Wang J, Lei Y, Jing R, Liu X, Sun A, Wei L, Li Y. Self-Healable, Strong, and Tough Polyurethane Elastomer Enabled by Carbamate-Containing Chain Extenders Derived from Ethyl Carbonate. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1673. [PMID: 35566842 PMCID: PMC9101531 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercial diol chain extenders generally could only form two urethane bonds, while abundant hydrogen bonds were required to construct self-healing thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPU). Herein, two diol chain extenders bis(2-hydroxyethyl) (1,3-pheny-lene-bis-(methylene)) dicarbamate (BDM) and bis(2-hydroxyethyl) (methylenebis(cyclohexane-4,1-diy-l)) dicarbamate (BDH), containing two carbamate groups were successfully synthesized through the ring-opening reaction of ethylene carbonate (EC) with 1,3-benzenedimetha-namine (MX-DA) and 4, 4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane (HMDA). The two chain extenders were applied to successfully achieve both high strength and high self-healing ability. The BDM-1.7 and BDH-1.7 elastomers had high comprehensive self-healing efficiency (100%, 95%) after heated treatment at 60 °C, and exhibited exceptional comprehensive mechanical performances in tensile strength (20.6 ± 1.3 MPa, 37.1 ± 1.7 MPa), toughness (83.5 ± 2.0 MJ/m3, 118.8 ± 5.1 MJ/m3), puncture resistance (196.0 mJ, 626.0 mJ), and adhesion (4.6 MPa, 4.8 MPa). The peculiar mechanical and self-healing properties of TPUs originated from the coexisting short and long hard segments, strain-induced crystallization (SIC). The two elastomers with excellent properties could be applied to engineering-grade fields such as commercial sealants, adhesives, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Liuhe Wei
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Elastic Sealing Materials, College of Chemistry and Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Y.); (J.C.); (J.C.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (R.J.); (X.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Yuhan Li
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Elastic Sealing Materials, College of Chemistry and Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Y.); (J.C.); (J.C.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (R.J.); (X.L.); (A.S.)
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5
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Sun P, Liu F, Sima W, Yuan T, Yang M, Liang C, Zhao M, Yin Z. A novel UV, moisture and magnetic field triple-response smart insulating material achieving highly targeted self-healing based on nano-functionalized microcapsules. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:2199-2209. [PMID: 34929023 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04600d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
During the long-term operation of solid insulation materials, strong electric fields and mechanical stress cause electrical trees and cracks that are undetectable and irreversible, leading to the failure of electronic and electrical devices. A promising means of protecting against these problems is to endow the insulating materials with some self-healing capability alongside their excellent intrinsic properties. However, this has proved extremely challenging. In this paper, we describe an ultraviolet light, moisture, and magnetic field triple-response microcapsule that enables epoxy resin materials to heal themselves against various forms of damage without affecting the intrinsic performance of the matrix. In particular, microcapsules wrapped inside functional shells containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles are precisely controlled by a targeted magnetic field and distributed in the vulnerable area of the insulation materials, resulting in a high healing rate at low doping concentrations. Using the in situ ultraviolet light emitted by the electrical trees, artificial ultraviolet light, and moisture in the operating environment, it is possible to induce active or passive curing of the healing agent, thus realizing the intelligent, non-contact, and targeted self-healing of mechanical cracks and electrical tree damage. This method opens an avenue toward the development of self-healing insulation materials for electrical and electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Potao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fengqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenxia Sima
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingke Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ze Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China.
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Dasgupta P, Basak S, Sengupta S, Das T, Pal K, Bhattacharyya SK, Bandyopadhyay A. Fabrication of self‐healable thermoplastic polyurethane by masterbatch technology. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Poulomi Dasgupta
- Department of Polymer Science & Technology University of Calcutta Kolkata India
| | - Sayan Basak
- Department of Polymer Science & Technology University of Calcutta Kolkata India
| | - Srijoni Sengupta
- Department of Polymer Science & Technology University of Calcutta Kolkata India
| | - Tamalika Das
- Department of Polymer Science & Technology University of Calcutta Kolkata India
| | - Koushik Pal
- Elastomer Division Hari Shankar Singhania Elastomer and Tyre Research Institute Mysore Karnataka India
| | - Sanjay K. Bhattacharyya
- Elastomer Division Hari Shankar Singhania Elastomer and Tyre Research Institute Mysore Karnataka India
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7
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Optimal Design and Testing of a Thermoplastic Pressurized Passenger Door Manufactured Using Thermoforming. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193394. [PMID: 34641209 PMCID: PMC8512071 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present paper documents and discusses research work associated with a newly designed passenger door structure demonstrator. The composite structure was manufactured from carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin. A composite frame with a variable cross-section was designed, optimized, and fabricated using thermoforming technology. Both numerical simulations and experiments supported structural verification according to the damage tolerance philosophy; i.e., impact damage is presented. The Tsai-Wu and maximal stress criteria were used for damage analysis of the composite parts. Topological optimization of the metal hinges from the point of view of weight reduction was used. All expected parameters and proposed requirements of the mechanical properties were proved and completed. The door panel showed an expected numerically evaluated residual strength (ultimate structure load) as well as meeting airworthiness requirements. No impact damage propagation in the composite parts was observed during mechanical tests, even though visible impact damage was introduced into the structure. No significant difference between the numerical simulations and the experimentally measured total deformation was observed. Repeated deformation measurements during fatigue showed a nonlinear structure behavior. This can be attributed to the relaxation of thermoplastics.
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8
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Key Factors Determining the Self-Healing Ability of Cement-Based Composites with Mineral Additives. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14154211. [PMID: 34361409 PMCID: PMC8347301 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper reveals the relationships between key factors that determine the ability of cementitious composites to self-heal autogenously and specific measures for quantifying the effects of this process. The following material factors: water-to-binder ratio (w/b), uniaxial compressive strength and age of the composite at the time of defect formation were considered, as well as the method and degree of damage to the tested material. The subjects of this study were mortars and concretes in which Portland cement was partially replaced, to varying degrees, with mechanically activated fluidized bed combustion fly ash (MAFBC fly ash) and siliceous fly ash. The samples were subjected to three-point bending or cyclic compression tests after 14 or 28 days of aging, in order to induce defects and then cured in water for 122 days. Microscopic (MO) and high-resolution scanning (HRS) observations along with computer image processing techniques were used to visualize and quantify the changes occurring in the macro-crack region near the outer surface of the material during the self-sealing process. Techniques based on the measurement of the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) allowed the quantification of the changes occurring inside the damaged materials. Mechanical testing of the composites allowed quantification of the effects of the activity of the binder-supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) systems. The analysis of the results indicates a significant influence of the initial crack width on the ability to completely close the cracks; however, there are repeated deviations from this rule and local variability of the self-sealing process. It has been shown that the compressive strength of a material is an important indicator of binder activity concerning crack width reduction due to self-sealing. Regardless of the crack induction method, the internal material changes caused by self-sealing are dependent on the degree of material damage.
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9
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Abstract
Shape memory alloys, materials capable of being deformed and maintaining the deformation and additionally capable of returning to the initial position, are valued for a range of applications from actuators to flexible microdevices. Maintaining the properties that make them useful, their ability to deform and reform, requires that shape memory alloys must be protected against corrosion, in which the integration of shape memory polymers can act as a means of protection. Thus, this review is to highlight the utility of self-healing shape memory polymers as a means of corrosion inhibition. Therefore, this review discusses the benefits of utilizing self-healing shape memory polymers for the protection of shape memory, several types of self-healing polymers that could be used, means of improving or tailoring the polymers towards specific usages, and future prospects in designing a shape memory polymer for use in corrosion inhibition.
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10
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Maraveas C, Bayer IS, Bartzanas T. 4D printing: Perspectives for the production of sustainable plastics for agriculture. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107785. [PMID: 34111517 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The concept of 4D printing of phase change materials is gaining attention in the potential development of self-healing materials for tissue engineering and manufacturing applications, but there has been limited utilization of the technology in agriculture/farm-based applications. The temperature-responsiveness, magneto-responsiveness, pH-responsiveness, and osmotic pressure-responsiveness of shape-memory materials have potential applications in green/compostable plastics for agricultural applications such as food packaging and mulching films, shade nets, and greenhouse polymer covers. The application of 4D printing in augmenting the biodegradability, environmental, economic, and production benefits of polymers in agriculture is the main focus of this review. So far,; little scholarly and industry attention have been directed to agricultural applications even though shape memory polymers are ideal for such applications compared to existing materials due to smart/intelligent behavior, optimized performance through fiber/nanomaterial reinforcement and multilayered composites. The practical constraints relate to the newness of the 4D printing process, customized synthetic routes for application-specific materials. The constraints can be resolved using novel and customized processes such as fused deposition modeling (FDM) and stereo-lithography and ink-jet printing, which are facile, scalable and affordable 4D printing techniques, that are highly effective compared to powder bed printing, and other droplet-based printing technologies, and photo-polymerization methods. FDM has led to the generation of PLA and other polymers with self-deformation and controllable shape memory effects. Future applications should overcome constraints linked to machine workload limitations and 3D/4D printing constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilker S Bayer
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Thomas Bartzanas
- Farm Structures Lab., Department of Natural Resources and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece
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11
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Santos ANB, Santos DJD, Carastan DJ. Microencapsulation of reactive isocyanates for application in self-healing materials: a review. J Microencapsul 2021; 38:338-356. [PMID: 33938373 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2021.1921068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Microencapsulation of curing agents is a major strategy for the development of self-healing polymers. Isocyanates are among the most promising compounds for the development of one-part, catalyst free, self-healing materials, but their microencapsulation is challenging due to their high reactivity. To keep the healing agent intact in the liquid state and containing free-NCO groups, the monitoring of several synthesis parameters is essential. This review aims to summarise the outcomes in the microencapsulation of isocyanates, emphasising the efforts reported in the literature to modulate the microcapsule properties. In this regard, the main synthesis procedures are presented, followed by the most relevant characterisation methods used to assess microcapsule properties. The correlation between these properties and synthesis parameters is also discussed, and finally the main potential and challenges for industrial applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N B Santos
- Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Graduate Program (PPG-Nano), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | - Demetrio J Dos Santos
- Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Graduate Program (PPG-Nano), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil.,Material Science and Engineering Graduate Program (PPG-CEM), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | - Danilo J Carastan
- Nanoscience and Advanced Materials Graduate Program (PPG-Nano), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil.,Material Science and Engineering Graduate Program (PPG-CEM), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
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12
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Orellana J, Moreno-Villoslada I, Bose RK, Picchioni F, Flores ME, Araya-Hermosilla R. Self-Healing Polymer Nanocomposite Materials by Joule Effect. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:649. [PMID: 33671610 PMCID: PMC7926402 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the self-healing approach in materials science mainly relies on functionalized polymers used as matrices in nanocomposites. Through different physicochemical pathways and stimuli, these materials can undergo self-repairing mechanisms that represent a great advantage to prolonging materials service-life, thus avoiding early disposal. Particularly, the use of the Joule effect as an external stimulus for self-healing in conductive nanocomposites is under-reported in the literature. However, it is of particular importance because it incorporates nanofillers with tunable features thus producing multifunctional materials. The aim of this review is the comprehensive analysis of conductive polymer nanocomposites presenting reversible dynamic bonds and their energetical activation to perform self-healing through the Joule effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Orellana
- Magíster en Química con Mención en Tecnología de los Materiales, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 7800003, Chile;
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (PIDi), Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O. Box 8940577, San Joaquín, Santiago 8940000, Chile
| | - Ignacio Moreno-Villoslada
- Laboratorio de Polímeros, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
| | - Ranjita K. Bose
- Department of Chemical Product Engineering, ENTEG, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (R.K.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Francesco Picchioni
- Department of Chemical Product Engineering, ENTEG, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands; (R.K.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Mario E. Flores
- Laboratorio de Polímeros, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
| | - Rodrigo Araya-Hermosilla
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (PIDi), Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O. Box 8940577, San Joaquín, Santiago 8940000, Chile
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13
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Effect of the Test Procedure and Thermoplastic Composite Resin Type on the Curved Beam Strength. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14020352. [PMID: 33445774 PMCID: PMC7828226 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The application of thermoplastic composites (TPCs) in aircraft construction is growing. This paper presents a study of the effect of an applied methodology (standards) on out-of-plane interlaminar strength characterization. Additionally, the mechanical behaviour of three carbon fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composites was compared using the curved beam strength test. Data evaluated using different standards gave statistically significantly different results. The study also showed that the relatively new polyaryletherketone (PAEK) composite had significantly better performance than the older and commonly used polyphenylensulfid (PPS) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK). Furthermore, considering the lower processing temperature of PAEK than PEEK, the former material has good potential to be used in serial aerospace production.
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14
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Paolillo S, Bose RK, Santana MH, Grande AM. Intrinsic Self-Healing Epoxies in Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs) for Aerospace Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:E201. [PMID: 33429922 PMCID: PMC7826775 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews some of the intrinsic self-healing epoxy materials that have been investigated throughout the course of the last twenty years. Emphasis is placed on those formulations suitable for the design of high-performance composites to be employed in the aerospace field. A brief introduction is given on the advantages of intrinsic self-healing polymers over extrinsic counterparts and of epoxies over other thermosetting systems. After a general description of the testing procedures adopted for the evaluation of the healing efficiency and the required features for a smooth implementation of such materials in the industry, different self-healing mechanisms, arising from either physical or chemical interactions, are detailed. The presented formulations are critically reviewed, comparing major strengths and weaknesses of their healing mechanisms, underlining the inherent structural polymer properties that may affect the healing phenomena. As many self-healing chemistries already provide the fundamental aspects for recyclability and reprocessability of thermosets, which have been historically thought as a critical issue, perspective trends of a circular economy for self-healing polymers are discussed along with their possible advances and challenges. This may open up the opportunity for a totally reconfigured landscape in composite manufacturing, with the net benefits of overall cost reduction and less waste. Some general drawbacks are also laid out along with some potential countermeasures to overcome or limit their impact. Finally, present and future applications in the aviation and space fields are portrayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Paolillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Politecnico di Milano, via La Masa, 34, 20156 Milano, Italy;
| | - Ranjita K. Bose
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Antonio M. Grande
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Politecnico di Milano, via La Masa, 34, 20156 Milano, Italy;
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15
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Calvino C. Polymer-Based Mechanochromic Composite Material Using Encapsulated Systems. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000549. [PMID: 33270318 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of mechanochromic or self-reporting polymers that can indicate damage or fatigue of materials with an optical signal has become of paramount interest to ensure the reliability of the materials and prevent catastrophic failure. This technology can potentially find usefulness for various applications, including in situ monitoring of mechanical events and structural health monitoring systems. An emerging and versatile approach to achieve mechanochromic properties relies on the encapsulation of dye solutions that can be released and activated (chemically or physically) when the walls of the capsules are mechanically damaged. While the mechanochromic effect can be achieved with different types of dyes and operating principles, this framework can also be designed with encapsulating-containers of different shapes and shell materials, such as microcapsules, hollow glass fibers, vascular networks, and micelles, making this concept applicable to a broad range of polymer matrices. An overview of the different encapsulation approaches that have been employed to prepare mechanochromic polymers is given, with a focus on the containers used for this purpose. A brief description of the containers' preparation is provided, and their associated chromic operating principles and progress in their designs are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Calvino
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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16
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Facile immobilization of graphene nanosheets onto PBO fibers via MOF-mediated coagulation strategy: Multifunctional interface with self-healing and ultraviolet-resistance performance. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 587:661-671. [PMID: 33239214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The surface of poly (p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fibers with self-healing and ultraviolet (UV)-resistance performance play the key role in prolonging their service lifespan. Although great advances have been made in the single aspect of above two properties, integration of self-healing and anti-UV performance into the surface of PBO fiber is still a challenge. In this study, the coagulation strategy mediated by metal-organic framework (MOF) is proposed to construct the multifunctional surface of PBO fibers. The spindle-like iron (III)-based MOF (MIL-88B-NH2) nanocrystals are firstly immobilized onto the surface of PBO-COOH through hydrothermal reaction, then serving as the medium layer to further immobilize sufficient graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets. Benefitting from the favorable near-infrared (NIR, 808 nm) photothermal conversion performance of GO nanolayers, the monofilament composite-PBO@Fe-MIL-88B-NH2-GO-TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane) exhibited a stable and high self-healing efficiency (approximately 80%) within five cycle times. Meanwhile, the cooperative adsorption and shielding weaken effects of MOF-GO nanolayers enabled PBO fibers with excellent anti-UV properties that are superior to much reported literatures after 96 h aging time and eventually increased by 75% compared with untreated PBO fiber. In view of the varieties and multifunctionalities of MOFs and carbon nanomaterials, MOF-mediated coagulation strategy would provide guidance for preparing multifunctional composite materials.
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17
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Zovi RC, Mahmood H, Dorigato A, Fredi G, Pegoretti A. Cyclic Olefin Copolymer Interleaves for Thermally Mendable Carbon/Epoxy Laminates. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225347. [PMID: 33207758 PMCID: PMC7697955 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thin cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) foils were used as intrinsic thermoplastic healing agents in carbon fiber (CF)-reinforced epoxy laminates. COC films were produced by hot pressing and were interleaved in the interlaminar regions between each EP/CF lamina, during the hand layup fabrication of the laminates. Three samples were produced, i.e., the neat EP/CF laminate without COC, and two laminates containing COC layers with a thickness of 44 μm and 77 μm, respectively. It was observed that the fiber volume fraction decreased, and the porosity increased with the introduction of COC layers, and this effect was more evident when thick films were used. These two effects, combined with the sub-optimal adhesion between COC and EP, caused a decrease in the mechanical properties (i.e., the elastic modulus, flexural strength, interlaminar shear strength and interlaminar fracture toughness) of the laminates. Specimens subjected to mode I interlaminar fracture toughness test were then thermally mended under pressure by resistive heating, through the Joule effect of conductive CFs. A temperature of approximately 190 °C was reached during the healing treatment. The healing efficiency was evaluated as the ratio of critical strain energy release rate (GIC) of the healed and virgin specimens. Healed specimens containing COC layers of 44 μm and 77 μm exhibited a healing efficiency of 164% and 100%, respectively. As expected, the healing treatment was not beneficial for the neat EP/CF laminate without COC, which experienced a healing efficiency of only 2%. This result proved the efficacy of COC layers as a healing agent for EP/CF laminates, and the effectiveness of resistive heating as a way to activate the intrinsic healing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Costan Zovi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (R.C.Z.); (A.D.); (G.F.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Haroon Mahmood
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (R.C.Z.); (A.D.); (G.F.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (H.M.); (A.P.); Tel.: +39-0461-283728 (H.M.); +39-0461-282452 (A.P.)
| | - Andrea Dorigato
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (R.C.Z.); (A.D.); (G.F.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Fredi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (R.C.Z.); (A.D.); (G.F.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pegoretti
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (R.C.Z.); (A.D.); (G.F.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (H.M.); (A.P.); Tel.: +39-0461-283728 (H.M.); +39-0461-282452 (A.P.)
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Self-Healing Polyurethane-Based Nanocomposites Modified with Carbon Fibres and Carbon Nanotubes. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/4518512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Self-healing polyurethanes (PUs) were synthesized as a matrix of nanocomposites containing two fibrous carbon components, i.e., functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNF-OH) and short carbon fibers (CF). Two types of PUs differing in the content of flexible chain segments (40% and 50%) were used. Changes in mechanical strength were analyzed to assess the ability to self-healing of PU-based matrix nanocomposites with experimentally introduced damage in the form of an incision. The healing process was activated by heating the damaged samples at 60°C, for 30 minutes. The addition of CNT-OH and CF caused a slight reduction in the self-healing ability of the nanocomposites as compared to the neat PUs. After heating to 60°C, the nanocomposites self-healed up to 72% of the initial strength of the undamaged samples. The introduction of fibrous components to the polymer matrix improved the thermal conductivity of nanocomposites and facilitated heat transfer from the environment to the interior of the samples, necessary to initiate self-healing. Low content of carbon components in the PU matrix, i.e., 3 wt% of CF and 2 wt% of CNF-OH increased the total work up to fracture of samples after healing by about 53%.
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Almutairi MD, Aria AI, Thakur VK, Khan MA. Self-Healing Mechanisms for 3D-Printed Polymeric Structures: From Lab to Reality. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1534. [PMID: 32664571 PMCID: PMC7408475 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing self-healing mechanisms are still very far from full-scale implementation, and most published work has only demonstrated damage cure at the laboratory level. Their rheological nature makes the mechanisms for damage cure difficult to implement, as the component or structure is expected to continue performing its function. In most cases, a molecular bond level chemical reaction is required for complete healing with external stimulations such as heating, light and temperature change. Such requirements of external stimulations and reactions make the existing self-healing mechanism almost impossible to implement in 3D printed products, particularly in critical applications. In this paper, a conceptual description of the self-healing phenomenon in polymeric structures is provided. This is followed by how the concept of self-healing is motivated by the observation of nature. Next, the requirements of self-healing in modern polymeric structures and components are described. The existing self-healing mechanisms for 3D printed polymeric structures are also detailed, with a special emphasis on their working principles and advantages of the self-healing mechanism. A critical discussion on the challenges and limitations in the existing working principles is provided at the end. A novel self-healing idea is also proposed. Its ability to address current challenges is assessed in the conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Dukhi Almutairi
- School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK; (M.D.A.); (A.I.A.)
| | - Adrianus Indrat Aria
- School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK; (M.D.A.); (A.I.A.)
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK;
| | - Muhammad A. Khan
- School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK; (M.D.A.); (A.I.A.)
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20
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Du J, Li Y, Wang J, Wang C, Liu D, Wang G, Liu S. Mechanically Robust, Self-Healing, Polymer Blends and Polymer/Small Molecule Blend Materials with High Antibacterial Activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:26966-26972. [PMID: 32466641 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing demand for antibacterial materials around the world in recent years because they can be used for preventing pathogen infection, which is one of the major threats to human health. However, the mechanical damage of the antibacterial materials may weaken their protective effect since bacteria can invade through the cracks of the material. Therefore, antibacterial materials with self-healing ability, in which the mechanical damage can be spontaneously healed, exhibit better reliability and a longer lifespan. In this article, we prepared a series of low-cost antibacterial polymer blends and polymer/small molecule blend materials with excellent self-healing ability and high mechanical strength by a one-pot reaction under mild conditions. These materials were facilely obtained by blending a tiny amount of commercialized cationic antibacterial chemicals, poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), into a self-healing, mechanically robust polymer, poly(ether-thioureas) (PETU). It can be found that they can effectively kill Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) on their surface. Meanwhile, the distinguished advantages of PETU, including self-healing property, excellent mechanical robustness, recyclability, and transparency, were perfectively maintained. Furthermore, it was shown that their cytotoxicity was satisfactory and their hemolytic activity was insignificant. The above advantages of the blend materials suggested their potential applications in health care, food industry, and environmental hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Jiuchun Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Caiyun Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Danqing Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Guangtong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
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21
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Effect of embedded shape memory alloy wires on the mechanical behavior of self-healing graphene-glass fiber-reinforced polymer nanocomposites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03253-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Concrete Silos: Failures, Design Issues and Repair/Strengthening Methods. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10113938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The review article investigated failure, design issues, repair and strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) silos, primarily in agricultural set-ups. The durability of RC structures was influenced by the nature of the bulk solids, materials used in the reinforcement of the structures. Traditionally, high-grade steel has been used in silo wall reinforcement because it is affordable and readily available. However, it is susceptible to corrosion. In contrast, fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) have better mechanical properties (tensile strength, elastic modulus, and Poisson’s ratio) and are not corroded. Additionally, there are limited scalable and facile methods for commercial production. The low ductility elevates the risk of brittle fracture in external pre-stressing concrete repair/strengthening. Beyond the material factors, the existing silo design codes such as BS EN 1991-4:2006, Australian Standard AS 3774-1996, and American Society of Agricultural Engineers ANSI/ASAE EP433 DEC1988 (R2011), and American Concrete Institute ACI 313-97 are limited by simplified characterization of loading/unloading scenarios and exclusion of specific hopper geometries and configurations. The funnel and mass flow scenarios and accumulation of bulk materials contribute to silo failure. In brief, the present repair/strengthening strategies (external pre-stressing, insertion/removal of inserts, shear columns, and FRPs alternatives to steel) do not adequately address the diverse variables that elevate the risk of material failure.
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23
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Wang Z, Lu X, Sun S, Yu C, Xia H. Preparation, characterization and properties of intrinsic self-healing elastomers. J Mater Chem B 2020; 7:4876-4926. [PMID: 31411621 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00831d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significant advances have been made in the development of self-healing synthetic polymer materials in recent years. This review article discusses the recent progress in preparation, characterization and properties of different kinds of intrinsic self-healing elastomers based on reversible covalent bonds and dynamic supramolecular chemistry. Healing conditions, mechanical property recovery and healing efficiency are the main discussion topics. Potential applications, challenges and future prospects in self-healing elastomer fields are also discussed in the last part of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhua Wang
- State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Xili Lu
- State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Shaojie Sun
- State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Changjiang Yu
- State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Hesheng Xia
- State Key Lab of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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24
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Tzavidi S, Zotiadis C, Porfyris A, Korres DM, Vouyiouka S. Epoxy loaded poly(urea‐formaldehyde) microcapsules via in situ polymerization designated for self‐healing coatings. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Tzavidi
- Laboratory of Polymer Technology, School of Chemical EngineeringNational Technical University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Christos Zotiadis
- Laboratory of Polymer Technology, School of Chemical EngineeringNational Technical University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Athanasios Porfyris
- Laboratory of Polymer Technology, School of Chemical EngineeringNational Technical University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Dimitrios M. Korres
- Laboratory of Polymer Technology, School of Chemical EngineeringNational Technical University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Stamatina Vouyiouka
- Laboratory of Polymer Technology, School of Chemical EngineeringNational Technical University of Athens Athens Greece
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25
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A Heterocyclic Polyurethane with Enhanced Self-Healing Efficiency and Outstanding Recovery of Mechanical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040968. [PMID: 32326281 PMCID: PMC7240572 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A functional polyurethane based on the heterocyclic group was synthesized and its self-healing and mechanical properties were examined. To synthesize a heterocyclic polyurethane, a polyol and a heterocyclic compound with di-hydroxyl groups at both ends were blended and the blended solution was reacted with a crosslinker containing multiple isocyanate groups. The heterocyclic polyurethane demonstrates better self-healing efficiency than the conventional polyurethane with no heterocyclic groups. Furthermore, unlike the conventional self-healing materials, the heterocyclic polyurethane examined in this study shows an outstanding recovery of the mechanical properties after the self-healing process. These results are attributed to the unique supramolecular network resulting from the strong hydrogen bonding interaction between the urethane group and the heterocyclic group in the heterocyclic polyurethane matrix.
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Macedo R. Lima G, Orozco F, Picchioni F, Moreno-Villoslada I, Pucci A, Bose RK, Araya-Hermosilla R. Electrically Self-Healing Thermoset MWCNTs Composites Based on Diels-Alder and Hydrogen Bonds. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1885. [PMID: 31739616 PMCID: PMC6918341 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we prepared electrically conductive self-healing nanocomposites. The material consists of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) that are dispersed into thermally reversible crosslinked polyketones. The reversible nature is based on both covalent (Diels-Alder) and non-covalent (hydrogen bonding) interactions. The design allowed for us to tune the thermomechanical properties of the system by changing the fractions of filler, and diene-dienophile and hydroxyl groups. The nanocomposites show up to 1 × 104 S/m electrical conductivity, reaching temperatures between 120 and 150 °C under 20-50 V. The self-healing effect, induced by electricity was qualitatively demonstrated as microcracks were repaired. As pointed out by electron microscopy, samples that were already healed by electricity showed a better dispersion of MWCNT within the polymer. These features point toward prolonging the service life of polymer nanocomposites, improving the product performance, making it effectively stronger and more reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Macedo R. Lima
- Department of Chemical Product Engineering, ENTEG, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands (F.O.); (F.P.)
| | - Felipe Orozco
- Department of Chemical Product Engineering, ENTEG, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands (F.O.); (F.P.)
| | - Francesco Picchioni
- Department of Chemical Product Engineering, ENTEG, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands (F.O.); (F.P.)
| | - Ignacio Moreno-Villoslada
- Laboratorio de Polímeros, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
| | - Andrea Pucci
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Ranjita K. Bose
- Department of Chemical Product Engineering, ENTEG, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands (F.O.); (F.P.)
| | - Rodrigo Araya-Hermosilla
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O. Box 8940577, San Joaquín, Santiago 8940000, Chile
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27
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Yu L, Lu F, Huang X, Liu Y, Li M, Pan H, Wu L, Huang Y, Hu Z. Facile Interface Design Strategy for Improving the Uvioresistant and Self-Healing Properties of Poly( p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) Fibers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:39292-39303. [PMID: 31569942 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b11595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based coaxial hybrid fibers (CHFs) with a typical core-sheath structure have attracted extensive attention in recent years because of their potentially excellent mechanical performance. However, direct introduction of the micrometer-thick graphene stack structure on the extremely inert fiber surface with little negative effect has barely been reported so far and is still a great challenge. In the present work, a facile and cost-efficient dimensionally confined hydrothermal reduction, static adsorption, and thermal-assisted shrinkage sequential treatment strategy was developed to fabricate one-dimensional CHFs. The large-scale reduced graphene oxide-metal organic framework (RGO-UIO-66) hybrid layer and poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fiber serve as the sheath part and core part, respectively, and the final product is denoted as PGU-CHFs. The experimental results confirmed that the prepared monofilament composite with thermoplastic polyurethane (PGU-CHF-TPU) exhibited an excellent and stable intrinsically self-healing efficiency (about 85%) over 5 cycles and an extraordinary uvioresistant performance (increased by 128%) compared to those of pristine PBO fibers after 288 h UV aging irradiation. Moreover, the anti-ultraviolet (UV) properties of PGU-CHFs at 96 h are basically at the optimum level among most of the reported literatures at present after comparison. The highly near-infrared photothermal conversion ability and stability of micrometer-thick RGO stack structure and the synergism of RGO-UIO-66 hybrid sheath layer including UV adsorption, shielding attenuation, and reflection are responsible for the satisfactorily interfacial self-healing efficiency and UV-resistance properties of PGU-CHFs, respectively. Considering the diversities and versatilities of RGO and MOFs, the proposed fabrication strategy will promisingly endow PBO fibers with great application potential in the other fields such as fiber-based sensors and smart fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Fei Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Xinghao Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Yingying Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Meiyu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Haoze Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Leiyu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Yudong Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Zhen Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
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29
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Handique J, Gogoi J, Dolui SK. Development of self‐healing star metallopolymers by metal–ligand crosslinking. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junali Handique
- Department of Chemical SciencesTezpur University Tezpur Assam 784028 India
| | - Joly Gogoi
- Department of Chemical SciencesTezpur University Tezpur Assam 784028 India
| | - Swapan K. Dolui
- Department of Chemical SciencesTezpur University Tezpur Assam 784028 India
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Martinez H, VanDelinder V, Imam ZI, Spoerke ED, Bachand GD. How non-bonding domains affect the active assembly of microtubule spools. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:11562-11568. [PMID: 31168545 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02059d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Structural defects can determine and influence various properties of materials, and many technologies rely on the manipulation of defects (e.g., semiconductor industries). In biological systems, management of defects/errors (e.g. DNA repair) is critical to an organism's survival, which has inspired the design of artificial nanomachines that mimic nature's ability to detect defects and repair damage. Biological motors have captured considerable attention in developing such capabilities due to their ability to convert energy into directed motion in response to environmental stimuli, which maximizes their ability for detection and repair. The objective of the present study was to develop an understanding of how the presence of non-bonding domains, here considered as a "defect", in microtubule (MT) building blocks affect the kinesin-driven, active assembly of MT spools. The assembly/joining of micron-scale bonding (i.e., biotin-containing) and non-bonding (i.e., no biotin) MTs resulted in segmented MT building blocks consisting of alternating bonding and non-bonding domains. Here, the introduction of these MT building blocks into a kinesin gliding motility assay along with streptavidin-coated quantum dots resulted in the active assembly of spools with altered morphology but retained functionality. Moreover, it was noted that non-bonding domains were autonomously and preferentially released from the spools over time, representing a mechanism by which defects may be removed from these structures. Overall, our findings demonstrate that this active assembly system has an intrinsic ability for quality control, which can be potentially expanded to a wide range of applications such as self-regulation and healing of active materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen Martinez
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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Guadagno L, Vertuccio L, Naddeo C, Calabrese E, Barra G, Raimondo M, Sorrentino A, Binder WH, Michael P, Rana S. Reversible Self-Healing Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Structural Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E903. [PMID: 31108923 PMCID: PMC6572136 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible Hydrogen Bonds (RHB) have been explored to confer self-healing function to multifunctional nanocomposites. This study has been carried out through a sequence of different steps. Hydrogen bonding moieties, with the intrinsic ability to simultaneously perform the functions of both hydrogen donors and acceptors, have been covalently attached to the walls of carbon nanotubes. The epoxy matrix has been modified to adapt the formulation for hosting self-healing mechanisms. It has been toughened with different percentages of rubber phase covalently linked to the epoxy precursor. The most performant matrix, from the mechanical point of view, has been chosen for the incorporation of MWCNTs. Self-healing performance and electrical conductivities have been studied. The comparison of data related to the properties of nanocomposites containing incorporated functionalized and nonfunctionalized MWCNTs has been performed. The values of the electrical conductivity of the self-healing nanocomposites, containing 2.0% by weight of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), range between 6.76 × 10-3 S/m and 3.77 × 10-2 S/m, depending on the nature of the functional group. Curing degrees, glass transition temperatures, and storage moduli of the formulated multifunctional nanocomposites prove their potential for application as functional structural materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liberata Guadagno
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Luigi Vertuccio
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Carlo Naddeo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Elisa Calabrese
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Barra
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Marialuigia Raimondo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Andrea Sorrentino
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), via Previati n. 1/E, 23900 Lecco, Italy.
| | - Wolfgang H Binder
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Philipp Michael
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Sravendra Rana
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science II, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Bidholi Dehradun 248007, India.
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Song K, Polak R, Zhang S, Rubner MF, Cohen RE, Askar KA. Reversible Self-Healing for Preserving Optical Transparency and Repairing Mechanical Damage in Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:12797-12807. [PMID: 30848876 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This research concentrates on the healing of optical properties, roughness, contact angle hysteresis, and shallow scratches in polymer/nanoparticle composites. A series of ternary composite blends [epoxy/halloysite nanotubes (HNTs)/cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB)] with various CAB concentrations were fabricated and subjected to a series of mechanical damages. The optimized concentration of a nanoparticle is 1.0 vol %, and the CAB concentration is 3.0 vol % based on the mechanical reinforcement and wear resistance. Nanoscale scratching, microlevel falling-sand test, and macrolevel Taber abrasions were utilized to damage the surfaces. The induced damage (roughness and surface scratch up to hundreds of nanometers in depth) healed upon heating. At any temperatures above the softening transition of the semi-interpenetrating network structure of the polymer composites, CAB migrates into the microcracks, and the essential mechanical parameters (modulus, strength, strain to failure) are recovered; in our particular epoxy/HNTs/CAB system, optical transparency is also recovered efficiently. CAB also moves to the macroscopic air/specimen interface and favorably modifies the surface properties, reducing the roll-off angles of water droplets from ∼90° to ∼20°. Through an appropriate choice of CAB additives with different molecular weights, the healing temperature can be tailored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Song
- Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering , Arizona State University , 7001 East Williams Field Road , Mesa , Arizona 85212 , United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Khalid A Askar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Khalifa University of Science and Technology , P.O. Box 54224, Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates
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Lazauskas A, Jucius D, Baltrušaitis V, Gudaitis R, Prosyčevas I, Abakevičienė B, Guobienė A, Andrulevičius M, Grigaliūnas V. Shape-Memory Assisted Scratch-Healing of Transparent Thiol-Ene Coatings. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E482. [PMID: 30720764 PMCID: PMC6385113 DOI: 10.3390/ma12030482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A photopolymerizable thiol-ene composition was prepared as a mixture of pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP) and 1,3,5-triallyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (TTT), with 1 wt. % of 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA) photoinitiator. A systematic analytical analysis that investigated the crosslinked PETMP-TTT polymer coatings employed Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet⁻visible spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, pencil hardness, thermo-mechanical cyclic tensile, scratch testing, and atomic force microscopy. These coatings exhibited high optical transparency and shape-memory that assisted scratch-healing properties. Scratches produced on the PETMP-TTT polymer coatings with different constant loadings (1.2 N, 1.5 N, and 2.7 N) were completely healed after the external stimulus was applied. The strain recovery ratio and total strain recovery ratio for PETMP-TTT polymer were found to be better than 94 ± 1% and 97 ± 1%, respectively. The crosslinked PETMP-TTT polymer network was also capable of initiating scratch recovery at ambient temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Algirdas Lazauskas
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko 59, LT51423 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Dalius Jucius
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko 59, LT51423 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Valentinas Baltrušaitis
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko 59, LT51423 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Rimantas Gudaitis
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko 59, LT51423 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Igoris Prosyčevas
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko 59, LT51423 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Brigita Abakevičienė
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko 59, LT51423 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Asta Guobienė
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko 59, LT51423 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Mindaugas Andrulevičius
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko 59, LT51423 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Viktoras Grigaliūnas
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko 59, LT51423 Kaunas, Lithuania.
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Lazauskas A, Jucius D, Baltrušaitis V, Gudaitis R, Prosyčevas I, Abakevičienė B, Guobienė A, Andrulevičius M, Grigaliūnas V. Shape-Memory Assisted Scratch-Healing of Transparent Thiol-Ene Coatings. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12. [PMID: 30720764 DOI: 10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2019-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A photopolymerizable thiol-ene composition was prepared as a mixture of pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP) and 1,3,5-triallyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (TTT), with 1 wt. % of 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA) photoinitiator. A systematic analytical analysis that investigated the crosslinked PETMP-TTT polymer coatings employed Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet⁻visible spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, pencil hardness, thermo-mechanical cyclic tensile, scratch testing, and atomic force microscopy. These coatings exhibited high optical transparency and shape-memory that assisted scratch-healing properties. Scratches produced on the PETMP-TTT polymer coatings with different constant loadings (1.2 N, 1.5 N, and 2.7 N) were completely healed after the external stimulus was applied. The strain recovery ratio and total strain recovery ratio for PETMP-TTT polymer were found to be better than 94 ± 1% and 97 ± 1%, respectively. The crosslinked PETMP-TTT polymer network was also capable of initiating scratch recovery at ambient temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Algirdas Lazauskas
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko 59, LT51423 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Dalius Jucius
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko 59, LT51423 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Valentinas Baltrušaitis
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko 59, LT51423 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Rimantas Gudaitis
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko 59, LT51423 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Igoris Prosyčevas
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko 59, LT51423 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Brigita Abakevičienė
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko 59, LT51423 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Asta Guobienė
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko 59, LT51423 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Mindaugas Andrulevičius
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko 59, LT51423 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Viktoras Grigaliūnas
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko 59, LT51423 Kaunas, Lithuania.
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Menon AV, Madras G, Bose S. The journey of self-healing and shape memory polyurethanes from bench to translational research. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00854c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this critical review, we have enlisted a comprehensive summary of different approaches that have been used over the past decade to synthesize self-healing polyurethanes including “close then heal” and “shape memory assisted self-healing” concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya V. Menon
- Center for Nano Science and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
| | - Giridhar Madras
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
| | - Suryasarathi Bose
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
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37
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Pulikkalparambil H, Siengchin S, Parameswaranpillai J. Corrosion protective self-healing epoxy resin coatings based on inhibitor and polymeric healing agents encapsulated in organic and inorganic micro and nanocontainers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Microencapsulated self-healing polymers via controlled, surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization from the surface of graphene oxide. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-018-1603-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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39
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Cure kinetics of poly (5-ethylidene-2-norbornene) with 2nd generation Hoveyda-Grubbs’ catalyst for self-healing applications. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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40
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Fabrication and Characterization of Novel Electrothermal Self-Healing Microcapsules with Graphene/Polymer Hybrid Shells for Bitumenious Material. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8060419. [PMID: 29890764 PMCID: PMC6027132 DOI: 10.3390/nano8060419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Self-healing bituminous material has been a hot research topic in self-healing materials, and this smart self-healing approach is a promising a revolution in pavement material technology. Bitumen has a self-healing naturality relating to temperature, healing time, and aging degree. To date, heat induction and microencapsulation rejuvenator are two feasible approaches, which have been put into real applications. However, both methods have disadvantages limiting their practical results and efficiency. It will be an ideal method combining the advantages and avoiding the disadvantages of the above two methods at the same time. The aim of this work was to synthesize and characterize electrothermal self-healing microcapsules containing bituminous rejuvenator with graphene/organic nanohybrid structure shells. The microcapsules owned electric conductivity capability because of the advent of graphene, and realized the self-healing through the two approaches of heat induction and rejuvenation. The microcapsule shells were fabricated using a strength hexamethoxymethylmelamine (HMMM) resin and graphene by two-step hybrid polymerization. Experimental tests were carried out to character the morphology, integrity, and shell structure. It was found that the electric charge balance determined the graphene/HMMM microstructure. The graphene content in shells could not be greatly increased under an electrostatic balance in emulsion. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results indicated that the graphene had deposited on shells. TGA/DTG tests implied that the thermal decomposition temperature of microcapsules with graphene had increased to about 350 °C. The thermal conductivity of microcapsules had been sharply increased to about 8.0 W/m²·K with 2.0 wt % graphene in shells. At the same time, electrical resistivity of microcapsules/bitumen samples had a decrease with more graphene in bitumen.
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Dong P, Cui K, Xu F, Jiang T, Ma Z. Synthesis of new ionic crosslinked polymer hydrogel combining polystyrene and poly(4-vinyl pyridine) and its self-healing through a reshuffling reaction of the trithiocarbonate moiety under irradiation of ultraviolet light. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Synthesis and Self-assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; PR China
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Tianjin University of Science and Technology; PR China
| | - Kun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Synthesis and Self-assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; PR China
| | - Fang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthesis and Self-assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; PR China
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Tianjin University of Science and Technology; PR China
| | - Tao Jiang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Tianjin University of Science and Technology; PR China
| | - Zhi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthesis and Self-assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; PR China
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Summers CJ, Day R, Makal U, Haddleton DM. Combining uretdione and disulfide reversibly degradable polyurethanes: route to alternating block copolymers. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01978e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Uretdione (temperature and catalyst controlled) and disulphide (REDOX controlled) functionalised polyurethanes have been described and the reversibility of these bonds tested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger Day
- Lubrizol Corporate Research
- Cleveland
- USA
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Hashemi Nasr F, Barikani M, Salehirad M. Preparation of self-healing polyurethane/functionalized graphene nanocomposites as electro-conductive one part adhesives. RSC Adv 2018; 8:31094-31105. [PMID: 35548754 PMCID: PMC9085647 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03685c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis and investigation of the electrical conductivity and self-healing properties of moisture curable polyurethane (PU) adhesives filled with functionalized graphene nanosheets and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) loaded poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocapsules. For this purpose, chemically functionalized graphene was prepared by covalently grafting 4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenol (DIP) on the surface of graphene oxide and synthesized PMMA nanocapsules were loaded with IPDI. Both nanofillers were then dispersed in a polyurethane matrix and the effects on the adhesion properties of the adhesives in aluminum–aluminum metal joints were studied. The results showed that by surface modification and better exfoliation of graphene nanosheets, the electrical conductivity was increased from 2.2 × 10−9 S m−1 to 4.1 S m−1 for pure PU and 10 wt% graphene based nanofiller loaded PU, respectively. The thermal stability, electrical conductivity, shear strength and self-healing process of the ECAs were also studied. The results provide evidence that the prepared adhesives have the potential for applications in electronic device packaging. One part moisture curable adhesives based on polyurethane/functionalized graphene nanocomposites were synthesized and showed good electrical conductivity, thermal stability, shear strength and self-healing properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Barikani
- Department of Polyurethane and Advanced Materials
- Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Mehdi Salehirad
- Chemistry and Process Department
- Niroo Research Institute
- Tehran
- Iran
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Karger-Kocsis J, Kéki S. Review of Progress in Shape Memory Epoxies and Their Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 10:E34. [PMID: 30966068 PMCID: PMC6415015 DOI: 10.3390/polym10010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Shape memory polymer (SMP) is capable of memorizing one or more temporary shapes and recovering successively to the permanent shape upon various external stimuli. Beside of the above mentioned one-way variants, also two-way shape memory polymers (SMPs) and shape memory (SM) systems exist which feature a reversible shape change on the basis of "on-off switching" of the external stimulus. The preparation, properties and modelling of shape memory epoxy resins (SMEP), SMEP foams and composites have been surveyed in this exhaustive review article. The underlying mechanisms and characteristics of SM were introduced. Emphasis was put to show new strategies on how to tailor the network architecture and morphology of EPs to improve their SM performance. To produce SMEPs novel preparation techniques, such as electrospinning, ink printing, solid-state foaming, were tried. The potential of SMEPs and related systems as multifunctional materials has been underlined. Added functionality may include, among others, self-healing, sensing, actuation, porosity control, recycling. Recent developments in the modelling of SMEPs were also highlighted. Based on the recent developments some open topics were deduced which are merit of investigations in future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Karger-Kocsis
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
- MTA⁻BME Research Group for Composite Science and Technology, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Sándor Kéki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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Zhang G, Xie G, Si L, Wen S, Guo D. Ultralow Friction Self-Lubricating Nanocomposites with Mesoporous Metal-Organic Frameworks as Smart Nanocontainers for Lubricants. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:38146-38152. [PMID: 28994574 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Smart nanocontainers with stimuli-responsive property can be used to fabricate a new kind of self-lubricating nanocomposite, while the practical potential of the metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as nanocontainers for lubricants has not been realized. In this work, mesoporous Cu-BTC MOFs storing oleylamine nanocomposites were explored from synthesis and microstructure to self-lubricating characterization. The stress stimuli-responsiveness behavior of the Cu-BTC storing oleylamine (Cu-BTCO) for lubrication has been investigated by subjecting it to macroscopic ball-on-disc friction tests. The steady-state coefficients of friction (COFs) of the Cu-BTC nanocomposites without lubricants were ca. 0.5. In contrast, after oleylamine as the lubricant was incorporated into the Cu-BTC container in the nanocomposite, ultralow friction (COF, ca. 0.03) was achieved. It has been demonstrated that the improved lubricating performance was associated with the lubricating film which was in situ produced by the chemical reaction between the oleylamine released from the nanocontainer and the friction pairs. Therefore, the nanocomposite with smart Cu-BTC container holds the promise of realizing extraordinary self-lubricating properties under stress stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guoxin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lina Si
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shizhu Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
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Liu Y, Pharr M, Salvatore GA. Lab-on-Skin: A Review of Flexible and Stretchable Electronics for Wearable Health Monitoring. ACS NANO 2017; 11:9614-9635. [PMID: 28901746 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 557] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of the human body, and it offers a diagnostic interface rich with vital biological signals from the inner organs, blood vessels, muscles, and dermis/epidermis. Soft, flexible, and stretchable electronic devices provide a novel platform to interface with soft tissues for robotic feedback and control, regenerative medicine, and continuous health monitoring. Here, we introduce the term "lab-on-skin" to describe a set of electronic devices that have physical properties, such as thickness, thermal mass, elastic modulus, and water-vapor permeability, which resemble those of the skin. These devices can conformally laminate on the epidermis to mitigate motion artifacts and mismatches in mechanical properties created by conventional, rigid electronics while simultaneously providing accurate, non-invasive, long-term, and continuous health monitoring. Recent progress in the design and fabrication of soft sensors with more advanced capabilities and enhanced reliability suggest an impending translation of these devices from the research lab to clinical environments. Regarding these advances, the first part of this manuscript reviews materials, design strategies, and powering systems used in soft electronics. Next, the paper provides an overview of applications of these devices in cardiology, dermatology, electrophysiology, and sweat diagnostics, with an emphasis on how these systems may replace conventional clinical tools. The review concludes with an outlook on current challenges and opportunities for future research directions in wearable health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Matt Pharr
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University , 3123 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Structural Analysis of Polymer Composites Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17051155. [PMID: 28524105 PMCID: PMC5470901 DOI: 10.3390/s17051155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The structural analysis of nylon/graphene oxide (NY/GO) and polyetherblockamide/ trisilinolphenyl-polyhederal oligomeric silsesquioxane (PEBA/t-POSS) composites were performed using high-resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). This optical technology revealed both cross-sectional, as well as sub-layer depth information of sample. The non-destructive real-time imaging demonstrated the nature of defects in the composites. The thickness and location of each defect point in the composites were measured using A-scan analysis on the SD-OCT images. The cross-sectional and volumetric images clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of SD-OCT for composite research, as well as the for industrial quality assurance of polymer materials.
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Zhang L, Julé F, Sodano HA. High service temperature, self-mendable thermosets networked by isocyanurate rings. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Raimondo M, Guadagno L, Naddeo C, Longo P, Mariconda A, Agovino A. New structure of diamine curing agent for epoxy resins with self-restoration ability: Synthesis and spectroscopy characterization. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Alipour K, Nasirpouri F. Smart anti-corrosion self-healing zinc metal-based molybdate functionalized-mesoporous-silica (MCM-41) nanocomposite coatings. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06923e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Smart corrosion-resistant zinc-based composite coatings containing mesoporous silica (MCM-41), impregnated with molybdate are introduced as a metal based self healing material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoon Alipour
- Faculty of Materials Engineering
- Sahand University of Technology
- Tabriz
- Iran
| | - Farzad Nasirpouri
- Faculty of Materials Engineering
- Sahand University of Technology
- Tabriz
- Iran
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