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Sobczyński B, Piwczyński D, Siatka K, Sitkowska B, Kolenda M. Efficiency of Utilizing Bulls with High Immune Response (HIR) in Terms of Reproductive Traits of PHF Cows. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2144. [PMID: 39123670 PMCID: PMC11311036 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Reproductive traits in dairy cattle are crucial for herd productivity and profitability. This study investigates the influence of relatedness to high immune response (HIR) Immunity+ sires on reproductive performance indicators in Polish Holstein-Friesian cows. A total of 5094 cows were analyzed, categorized based on their relatedness to HIR Immunity+ sires, and assessed for various reproductive parameters, including age at first insemination, gestation length, days open, calving interval, and calving ease. The results showed that the level of relatedness to HIR Immunity+ sires influenced certain reproductive traits, such as service period, gestation length, and age at first and second calving. Additionally, cows related to HIR Immunity+ sires exhibited a higher frequency of twin pregnancies and more complicated births. While some benefits were observed in certain reproductive traits among cows related to HIR Immunity+ sires, such as reduced age at first insemination and shortened gestation length, the overall impact on reproductive efficiency remains inconclusive. Further studies are needed to fully elucidate the effects of using semen from HIR Immunity+ sires on reproductive performance in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogumił Sobczyński
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics; Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.S.); (D.P.); (B.S.)
| | - Dariusz Piwczyński
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics; Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.S.); (D.P.); (B.S.)
| | - Kamil Siatka
- Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Beata Sitkowska
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics; Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.S.); (D.P.); (B.S.)
| | - Magdalena Kolenda
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics; Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.S.); (D.P.); (B.S.)
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Roche SM, Renaud DL, Saraceni J, Kelton DF, DeVries TJ. Invited review: Prevalence, risk factors, treatment, and barriers to best practice adoption for lameness and injuries in dairy cattle-A narrative review. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:3347-3366. [PMID: 38101730 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Lameness and leg injuries are both painful and prevalent across the dairy industry, and are a major welfare concern. There has been a considerable amount of research focused on investigating the risk factors associated with lameness and injuries and how they might be prevented and treated. The objectives of this narrative review were to summarize herd-level prevalence estimates, risk factors, strategies for prevention, control, and treatment of these conditions, and the barriers to best practice adoption for lameness and injuries on dairy farms. There is a relatively high within-herd prevalence of lameness on dairy farms globally, with a recent systematic review estimating the mean prevalence at 22.8%. Similarly, there is a relatively high prevalence of hock injuries, with within-herd estimates ranging from 12% to 81% of cows affected. Knee and neck injuries have been reported to be less common, with 6% to 43% and 1% to 33%, respectively. Numerous risk factors have been associated with the incidence of lameness, notably housing (e.g., access to pasture, bedding depth, bedding type, flooring type, stall design), management (e.g., stall cleanliness, frequency of trimming, holding times, stocking density), and cow-level (e.g., body condition, parity, injured hocks) factors. Risk factors associated with hock injuries can be similarly classified into housing (e.g., bedding type and depth, outdoor access, parlor type, stall design), management (e.g., bedding depth, cleanliness), and cow (e.g., parity, days in milk, lameness) factors. Key preventative approaches for lameness include routine preventative and corrective hoof trimming, improving hoof cushioning and traction through access to pasture or adding rubber flooring, deep-bedded stalls, sand bedding, ensuring appropriate stocking densities, reduced holding times, and the frequent use of routine footbaths. Very little research has been conducted on hock, knee, and neck injury prevention and recovery. Numerous researchers have concluded that both extrinsic (e.g., time, money, space) and intrinsic (e.g., farmer attitude, perception, priorities, and mindset) barriers exist to addressing lameness and injuries on dairy farms. There are many diverse stakeholders in lameness and injury management including the farmer, farm staff, veterinarian, hoof trimmer, nutritionist, and other advisors. Addressing dairy cattle lameness and injuries must, therefore, consider the people involved, as it is these people who are influencing and implementing on-farm decisions related to lameness prevention, treatment, and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Roche
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1; ACER Consulting Ltd., Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 5L3
| | - D L Renaud
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - J Saraceni
- ACER Consulting Ltd., Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 5L3
| | - D F Kelton
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - T J DeVries
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1.
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Altvater-Hughes TE, Wagter-Lesperance LC, Hodgins DC, Bauman CA, Larmer S, Mallard BA. The association of immune response and colostral immunoglobulin G in Canadian and US Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:2857-2865. [PMID: 36797191 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
In cattle, maternal immunoglobulins are transferred through colostrum to provide passive immunity to the neonatal calf once they are absorbed into circulation. Cows can be assessed for antibody- and cell-mediated immune responses (AMIR and CMIR, respectively), and through estimated breeding values (EBV) and genomic parent averages (GPA), cows can be classified as having high, average, or low immune response (IR). The objective of this study was to identify associations of colostral IgG concentrations with IR in dairy cows. High IR dairy cows identified by GPA or EBV were hypothesized to produce higher colostral IgG concentrations than cows with average or low IR. Colostrum was collected from Holstein dairy cows from 3 large commercial herds (n = 590) in the United States and 1 research herd at the Ontario Dairy Research Centre (n = 275) in Canada. For the US herds, IR GPA were available through genotyping. For the Canadian herd, IR EBV were available through phenotyping and pedigree information. Colostral IgG concentrations were measured by radial immunodiffusion and analyzed using general linear models in SAS. Based on a prediction equation, cows in US herds with a CMIR GPA of 1 would have colostral IgG concentrations 6.3 g/L higher on average than cows with a CMIR GPA of 0. High CMIR cows produced statistically greater colostral IgG concentrations (least squares mean ± standard error of the mean, 107.5 ± 7.7 g/L) than low CMIR cows (91.4 ± 7.1 g/L), with intermediate values for average CMIR cows (105.1 ± 5.6 g/L). No differences were found among AMIR categories in US cows. The Canadian herd showed a trend for cows with high CMIR EBV (continuous variable) to produce greater colostral IgG. No differences were observed among high, average, and low AMIR EBV classifications in Canadian cows. The findings suggest that selective breeding of Holstein cows to enhance CMIR could contribute to higher-quality colostrum in succeeding generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Altvater-Hughes
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - L C Wagter-Lesperance
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - D C Hodgins
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - C A Bauman
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - S Larmer
- Semex Alliance, Guelph, Ontario N1H 6J2, Canada
| | - B A Mallard
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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Alcantara LM, Baes C, de Oliveira Junior GA, Schenkel FS. Conformation traits of Holstein cows and their association with a Canadian economic selection index. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2022-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pro$ is a Canadian economic selection index aimed to maximize profit by increasing production yields, while maintaining conformation and functional traits. Currently, there is an interest in understanding the individual contributions of conformation traits recorded in Canada to the overall economic value of a cow and whether they are equally important. We used multiple polynomial regression and principal component analysis to assess the association of 26 conformation traits with Pro$ using Relative Breeding Values (RBV) from 9,351 proven bulls. The best reduced regression model explained 72.5% of the Pro$ variance, with heel depth and body depth having the highest and lowest effect on Pro$ values, respectively. Four traits classified as intermediate optimum traits, e.g., teat length, showed significant linear association with Pro$ instead of quadratic, whereas bone quality was not significantly associated with the index. Principal component analysis indicated that highly profitable bulls share similar RBV, with a sub-clustering of bulls of daughters with better mammary system versus better dairy strength and feet and legs. These results provide understanding of the individual contributions of conformation traits to Pro$ and give information to guide the Canadian dairy industry on how to best consider these traits in recording and genetic evaluation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M Alcantara
- University of Guelph, 3653, Animal Biosciences, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine Baes
- University of Guelph, 3653, Animal Biosciences, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Flavio S Schenkel
- University of Guelph, 3653, Department of Animal Biosciences, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
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Cartwright S, Schmied J, Livernois A, Mallard BA. Physiological Response to Heat Stress in Immune Phenotyped Canadian Holstein Dairy Cattle in Free-Stall and Tie-Stall Management Systems. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.852958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The climate in northern latitude countries, such as Canada, are changing twice as fast as in lower latitude countries. This has resulted in an increased frequency of hot days and longer more frequent heat waves. Canadian dairy cattle are therefore at increased risk of heat stress, especially those in management systems without the infrastructure to properly cool animals. Cattle experiencing heat stress undergo numerous physiological changes. Previous research has shown dairy cattle classified as high immune responders have lower incidence of disease. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the variation in respiration rate, rectal temperature, and rumination activity in immune phenotyped dairy cattle during a natural heat stress challenge. Additionally, the relationship between physiological response and temperature humidity index was compared between free-stall and tie-stall management systems. A total of 27 immune phenotyped (nine high, nine average and nine low) lactating dairy cattle were housed in a free-stall during the summer months for a duration of 27 days. Concurrently, two groups of six (three high and three low) immune phenotyped lactating dairy cattle were housed in a tie-stall for a duration of 12 days. Rumination was measured for the duration of the study for all cattle using SCR Heatime rumination collars. Respiration was measured using EMKA respiration bands for cattle housed in the tie-stalls, and manually [once in the morning (a.m.) and once in the afternoon (p.m.)] for cattle in free-stall management. Rectal temperature was measured using a digital thermometer twice daily (a.m. and p.m.) in both free-stall and tie-stall management systems. The temperature humidity index was recorded every 15 min in both management systems for the duration of the study. The results showed that high responders had significantly lower respiration rates compared to low responders when the temperature humidity index was high in both free-stall and tie-stall management systems, but there was no difference in rectal temperature, or rumination activity between phenotypes. Temperature humidity index values in the free-stall were significantly lower than the tie-stall. These findings increase the evidence that high immune responders are more likely to be tolerant to heat stress than low immune responders.
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Cartwright SL, McKechnie M, Schmied J, Livernois AM, Mallard BA. Effect of in-vitro heat stress challenge on the function of blood mononuclear cells from dairy cattle ranked as high, average and low immune responders. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:233. [PMID: 34210328 PMCID: PMC8252269 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02940-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The warming climate is causing livestock to experience heat stress at an increasing frequency. Holstein cows are particularly susceptible to heat stress because of their high metabolic rate. Heat stress negatively affects immune function, particularly with respect to the cell-mediated immune response, which leads to increased susceptibility to disease. Cattle identified as having enhanced immune response have lower incidence of disease. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of in vitro heat challenge on blood mononuclear cells from dairy cattle, that had previously been ranked for immune response, in terms of heat shock protein 70 concentration, nitric oxide production, and cell proliferation. Results Blood mononuclear cells from dairy cattle classified as high immune responders, based on their estimated breeding values for antibody and cell-mediated responses, produced a significantly greater concentration of heat shock protein 70 under most heat stress treatments compared to average and low responders, and greater cell-proliferation across all treatments. Similarly, a trend was observed where high responders displayed greater nitric oxide production compared to average and low responders across heat treatments. Conclusion Overall, these results suggest that blood mononuclear cells from high immune responder dairy cows are more thermotolerant compared to average and low immune responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L Cartwright
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Marnie McKechnie
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Julie Schmied
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alexandra M Livernois
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.,Centre of Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Bonnie A Mallard
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.,Centre of Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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7
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Livernois AM, Mallard BA, Cartwright SL, Cánovas A. Heat stress and immune response phenotype affect DNA methylation in blood mononuclear cells from Holstein dairy cows. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11371. [PMID: 34059695 PMCID: PMC8166884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89951-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress negatively affects health and production in cows. Examining the cellular response to heat stress could reveal underlying protective molecular mechanisms associated with superior resilience and ultimately enable selection for more resilient cattle. This type of investigation is increasingly important as future predictions for the patterns of heat waves point to increases in frequency, severity, and duration. Cows identified as high immune responders based on High Immune Response technology (HIR) have lower disease occurrence compared to their average and low immune responder herd-mates. In this study, our goal was to identify epigenetic differences between high and low immune responder cows in response to heat stress. We examined genome-wide DNA methylation of blood mononuclear cells (BMCs) isolated from high and low cows, before and after in vitro heat stress. We identified differential methylation of promoter regions associated with a variety of biological processes including immune function, stress response, apoptosis, and cell signalling. The specific differentially methylated promoter regions differed between samples from high and low cows, and results revealed pathways associated with cellular protection during heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Livernois
- Deptartment of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - B A Mallard
- Deptartment of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - S L Cartwright
- Deptartment of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - A Cánovas
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Shepley E, Vasseur E. Graduate Student Literature Review: The effect of housing systems on movement opportunity of dairy cows and the implications on cow health and comfort. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:7315-7322. [PMID: 33814137 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Intensification within the dairy industry has led to an increase in use of more restrictive indoor housing systems (most commonly tiestalls and freestalls) and less use of the pasture-based housing systems used in past generations. These indoor housing systems are associated with not only a higher level of restriction to cow movement, but also with a higher prevalence of lameness and cow comfort issues on farm, which negatively affects cow welfare, public perceptions, and producer profitability. In looking for solutions to these issues, several studies have investigated different housing and management options that are less restrictive and increase cow movement opportunity. We hypothesized that movement opportunity, briefly summarized as the level of locomotor activity a cow is able to express in her given environment as well as the ease with which said movement can be expressed, can have a direct, substantial effect on cow comfort as well as cow leg and hoof health. Lying behaviors, which serve as common indicators of cow comfort, are affected not only by the ease of movement that comes with providing more movement opportunity within the lying environment, but also by the aforementioned improvements to leg health. This is particularly true regarding the ability to display different lying postures and to rise and lie down with ease. The complexity of the relationship between the different methods by which movement opportunity can be provided to dairy cows and the corresponding effects on outcome measures related to cow health and comfort is an area of research that warrants exploration. In this literature review, we sought to identify how level of movement opportunity, provided though different housing systems and management practices, affects cow hoof and leg, udder, and reproductive health, as well as the effects that it has on cow lying behaviors that are indicative of comfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Shepley
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - E Vasseur
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
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Tracking Reservoirs of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in a Complex Microbial Community Using Metagenomic Hi-C: The Case of Bovine Digital Dermatitis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10020221. [PMID: 33672258 PMCID: PMC7926801 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine digital dermatitis (DD) is a contagious infectious cause of lameness in cattle with unknown definitive etiologies. Many of the bacterial species detected in metagenomic analyses of DD lesions are difficult to culture, and their antimicrobial resistance status is largely unknown. Recently, a novel proximity ligation-guided metagenomic approach (Hi-C ProxiMeta) has been used to identify bacterial reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) directly from microbial communities, without the need to culture individual bacteria. The objective of this study was to track tetracycline resistance determinants in bacteria involved in DD pathogenesis using Hi-C. A pooled sample of macerated tissues from clinical DD lesions was used for this purpose. Metagenome deconvolution using ProxiMeta resulted in the creation of 40 metagenome-assembled genomes with ≥80% complete genomes, classified into five phyla. Further, 1959 tetracycline resistance genes and ARGs conferring resistance to aminoglycoside, beta-lactams, sulfonamide, phenicol, lincosamide, and erythromycin were identified along with their bacterial hosts. In conclusion, the widespread distribution of genes conferring resistance against tetracycline and other antimicrobials in bacteria of DD lesions is reported for the first time. Use of proximity ligation to identify microorganisms hosting specific ARGs holds promise for tracking ARGs transmission in complex microbial communities.
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Impact of Nutrients on the Hoof Health in Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10101824. [PMID: 33036413 PMCID: PMC7600182 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lameness is currently one of the most important and economically demanding diseases in cattle. It is manifested in a change in locomotion that is associated with lesions, especially the pelvic limbs. The disease of the hoof is painful, affecting the welfare of dairy cows. Important factors that influence the health of the limbs include nutrition, animal hygiene, stable technology, and genetic and breeding predispositions. Nutrition is one of the basic preventive factors affecting the quality and growth of the hoof horn, and the associated prevalence of hoof disease. The strength and structure of the hoof horn are affected by the composition of the feed ration (amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and toxic substances contaminating the feed ration, or arising in the feed ration as metabolites of fungi).
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Demirkan I, Erdoğan M, Demirkan AÇ, Bozkurt F, Altındiş M, Navruz FZ, Köse Z. Isolation and identification of Treponema pedis and Treponema phagedenis-like organisms from bovine digital dermatitis lesions found in dairy cattle in Turkey. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:10317-10326. [PMID: 30219415 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The isolation and identification of microorganisms associated with digital dermatitis (DD) in Turkish dairy cattle was investigated using punch skin biopsy samples from typical clinical lesions; they were collected from dairy farms and abattoirs in 5 different geographical locations in Turkey. Morphological characteristics and flagellation types were examined using a transmission electron microscope, and their enzyme profiles by enzyme activation kits; their catalase reaction characteristics were evaluated by the addition of 3% H2O2. Their phylogenies were identified using 16S rRNA and the results compared with known gene bank data. Bacterial cells were 5.0 to 18.2 µm long, 0.2 to 0.5 µm wide, and their minimum number of periplasmic flagellum was 4 (4:8:4) with a maximum of 8 (8:16:8). All isolates were catalase negative. Of the spirochetes isolated and identified, group I organisms showed close similarity with Treponema pedis (99% genetic homology), whereas those in group II were similar to Treponema phagedenis (98% homology). This is the first report of specific sub-groups of Treponema spp., isolated from Turkish dairy cattle presenting with DD lesions, being associated with this disease; these morphotypes were similar to those found globally in housed dairy cattle units and are probably significant microorganisms associated with the aetiopathogensis of this infectious disease causing acute bovine lameness. These results suggest that the distribution of DD-associated treponemes is not specific to particular geographic regions of Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Demirkan
- Department of Surgery, Afyon, 03200, Turkey.
| | - M Erdoğan
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Afyon, 03200, Turkey
| | | | - F Bozkurt
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, 03200, Turkey
| | - M Altındiş
- Department of Clinical Virology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, 54200, Turkey
| | - F Zemheri Navruz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, Bartin, 74100, Turkey
| | - Z Köse
- Laboratory of Diagnostics and Analysis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, 03200, Turkey
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