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Meyer I, Haese E, Südekum KH, Sauerwein H, Müller U. The impact of automated, constant incomplete milking on energy balance, udder health, and subsequent performance in early lactation of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:641-654. [PMID: 37709023 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Incomplete milking (IM) is one way of mitigating the negative energy balance (NEB) that is characteristic for early lactation and may increase the risk for disease. Our objectives were to test the effects of IM in early lactation on energy balance (EB), metabolic status, udder health, and subsequent performance. To facilitate the practical application, an automated system was used to remove the milking clusters once a predefined amount of milk is withdrawn. Forty-six Holstein cows were equally allocated to either the treatment (TRT, starting on 8 d in milk) or the control group (CON; conventional cluster removal at milk flow rate <0.3 kg/min). Milk removal in the TRT group was limited to the individual cow's milk yield 1 d before IM started and held constant for 14 d. Thereafter, all cows were conventionally milked and records related to EB, performance, and udder health were continued up to 15 wk of lactation. During the 14 d of IM, on average 11.1% less milk was obtained from the TRT cows than from the CON cows. Thereafter, milk yield increased in the TRT group, eliminating the group difference throughout the remaining observation period until wk 15 of lactation. The TRT cows tended to have less dry matter intake and also water intake than the CON cows. The extent of the NEB and the circulating concentrations of fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, insulin-like growth factor-1, and leptin mostly did not differ between the groups. The IM did not affect body condition. Udder health was maintained over the entire observation period in all cows. Our results demonstrate the applicability of the automated cluster removal for limiting milk withdrawal to a defined amount in early lactation. However, it remains to be determined whether the absent effect on energy metabolism was due to the relatively stable energy status of the cows or to the relatively mild IM setting used herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Meyer
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - E Haese
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - K-H Südekum
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - H Sauerwein
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - U Müller
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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Fischer-Tenhagen C, Bohm D, Finnah A, Arlt S, Schlesinger S, Borchardt S, Sutter F, Tippenhauer CM, Heuwieser W, Venjakob PL. Residue Concentrations of Cloxacillin in Milk after Intramammary Dry Cow Treatment Considering Dry Period Length. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2558. [PMID: 37627348 PMCID: PMC10451617 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry cow treatment with an intramammary antibiotic is recommended to reduce the risk of mastitis at the beginning of the next lactation. The dry period may be shortened unintentionally, affecting antibiotic residue depletion and the time when residues reach concentrations below the maximum residue limit (MRL). The objective of this study was to evaluate residue depletion in milk after dry cow treatment with cloxacillin, considering dry periods of 14 (G14d), 21 (G21d), and 28 d (G28d). Overall, fifteen cows with 60 udder quarters were included in the study. For each cow, three of the udder quarters were treated with 1000 mg cloxacillin benzathine (2:1) on d 252, d 259, and d 266 of gestation; one quarter was left untreated. Milk samples were drawn until 20 DIM and milk composition, somatic cell count and cloxacillin residues were analyzed. The HPLC-MS/MS revealed different excretion kinetics for the compounds cloxacillin and cloxacillin benzathine (1:1). All cows showed a cloxacillin and cloxacillin benzathine (1:1) concentration below the MRL of 30 µg/kg after 5 d. In the udder quarters of G21d and G28d, the cloxacillin concentration was already below the MRL at first milking after calving. The cloxacillin benzathine (1:1) concentration in the milk of G28d, G21d, and G14d fell below 30 µg/kg on the 5th, 3rd, and 5th DIM, respectively. Shortening the dry period affects residue depletion after dry cow treatment with cloxacillin. The risk of exceeding the MRL, however, seems low, even with dry periods shorter than 14 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Fischer-Tenhagen
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 65, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (S.A.)
- Center for Protection of Experimental Animals, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Alt Marienfelde 17-21, 12277 Berlin, Germany
| | - Detlev Bohm
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Gerichtstraße 49, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Finnah
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Gerichtstraße 49, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Arlt
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 65, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (S.A.)
| | - Samira Schlesinger
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 65, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (S.A.)
| | - Stefan Borchardt
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 65, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (S.A.)
| | - Franziska Sutter
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 65, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (S.A.)
| | - Christie M. Tippenhauer
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 65, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (S.A.)
| | - Wolfgang Heuwieser
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 65, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (S.A.)
| | - Peter L. Venjakob
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 65, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (S.A.)
- Clinic for Ruminants, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 104, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Reduced Antibacterial Drug Resistance and bla CTX-M β-Lactamase Gene Carriage in Cattle-Associated Escherichia coli at Low Temperatures, at Sites Dominated by Older Animals, and on Pastureland: Implications for Surveillance. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.01468-20. [PMID: 33397699 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01468-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the drivers of critically important antibacterial resistance in species with zoonotic potential present on farms (e.g., CTX-M β-lactamase-positive Escherichia coli). We collected samples monthly between January 2017 and December 2018 on 53 dairy farms in South West England, along with data for 610 variables concerning antibacterial usage, management practices, and meteorological factors. We detected E. coli resistant to amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, and tetracycline in 2,754/4,145 (66%), 263/4,145 (6%), 1,475/4,145 (36%), and 2,874/4,145 (69%), respectively, of samples from fecally contaminated on-farm and near-farm sites. E. coli positive for bla CTX-M were detected in 224/4,145 (5.4%) of samples. Multilevel, multivariable logistic regression showed antibacterial dry cow therapeutic choice (including use of cefquinome or framycetin) to be associated with higher odds of bla CTX-M positivity. Low average monthly ambient temperature was associated with lower odds of bla CTX-M E. coli positivity in samples and with lower odds of finding E. coli resistant to each of the four test antibacterials. This was in addition to the effect of temperature on total E. coli density. Furthermore, samples collected close to calves had higher odds of having E. coli resistant to each antibacterial, as well as E. coli positive for bla CTX-M Samples collected on pastureland had lower odds of having E. coli resistant to amoxicillin or tetracycline, as well as lower odds of being positive for bla CTX-M IMPORTANCE Antibacterial resistance poses a significant threat to human and animal health and global food security. Surveillance for resistance on farms is important for many reasons, including tracking impacts of interventions aimed at reducing the prevalence of resistance. In this longitudinal survey of dairy farm antibacterial resistance, we showed that local temperature-as it changes over the course of a year-was associated with the prevalence of antibacterial-resistant E. coli We also showed that prevalence of resistant E. coli was lower on pastureland and higher in environments inhabited by young animals. These findings have profound implications for routine surveillance and for surveys carried out for research. They provide important evidence that sampling at a single time point and/or single location on a farm is unlikely to be adequate to accurately determine the status of the farm regarding the presence of samples containing resistant E. coli.
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Altayban A, Kandeel M, Kitade Y, Al-Nazawi M. A pilot study on the pharmacokinetics of a single intramuscular injection of cefquinome in Arabian camel calves. Acta Vet Hung 2020; 68:59-64. [PMID: 32384074 DOI: 10.1556/004.2020.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in camel calves after a single intramuscular injection in a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight (kg b. w.). Cefquinome concentrations were measured by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). A non-compartmental pharmacokinetic model was used to fit the time-concentration curve and estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters. The peak serum concentration (Cmax) was 28.4 μg/mL at the time of maximum concentration (Tmax) of 25 min. The elimination half-life (t1/2) was 17.4 h. The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-∞) was 103.7 μg/ml-1h and the mean residence time (MRT0-∞) was 21.3 h. In comparison with other animal species, the pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in Arabian camel calves showed faster absorption from the site of injection and slower elimination. Since cefquinome, as other beta-lactams, is a time-dependent antimicrobial agent, a single dose of 2 mg/kg b. w. might be sufficient against the most sensitive organisms in camel calves owing to its prolonged elimination phase. However, dose readjustment is required for cases needing concentrations above 2 µg/mL for 12 h or above 1 µg/mL for 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Altayban
- 1Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Al Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Kandeel
- 1Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Al Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
- 2Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelshiekh University, Kafrelshiekh, Egypt
| | - Yukio Kitade
- 3Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, Yachigusa, Yakuza, Toyota, Japan
- 4Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mohammed Al-Nazawi
- 1Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Al Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Tetens JL, Billerbeck S, Schwenker JA, Hölzel CS. Short communication: Selection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in dairy calves associated with antibiotic dry cow therapy-A cohort study. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:11449-11452. [PMID: 31629516 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial residues in milk have been discussed as a possible selector for Enterobacteriaceae that produce extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) in dairy herds. Such residues are found in waste milk after antibiotic treatment of mastitis, but antibiotic dry cow therapy might also lead to antibiotic residues in colostrum and in milk during early lactation. While it is known that feeding of waste milk selects ESBL bacteria in calves, this was not investigated for colostrum yet, which is supposed to contain much lower antibiotic concentrations than waste milk. In this observational prospective case study on 2 farms, we hypothesized that blanket dry cow treatment with β-lactams would have more selective (here: increasing) effects on ESBL concentrations than selective (here: individually chosen) antibiotic dry cow therapy. Thus, we compared concentrations of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in feces of calves (n = 50) at 2 dairy farms with different management of antibiotic dry cow therapy. Considerably higher concentrations of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli were observed in blanket antibiotic dry cow therapy on d 3 of the calf's life (7.6 vs. 5.3 log cfu/g of calf feces). Both farms used narrow-spectrum penicillin combined with aminoglycosides for drying off, and the majority of ESBL isolates (93%) were co-resistant to aminoglycosides. No waste milk was fed to calves and no calf was treated with β-lactam antibiotics or aminoglycosides during the first 3 d of life, thus differences were most likely associated with different frequency of antibiotic dry cow therapy on farms (19 of 25 mother cows on farm A, 9 of 25 on farm B). Even though the presumable selection effect of antibiotics used for drying off decreased within the next 3 wk, this result further emphasizes the need for the reduction and prudent use of antibiotic dry cow therapy on farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L Tetens
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Christian-Albrecht University Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Steffen Billerbeck
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Christian-Albrecht University Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Julia A Schwenker
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Christian-Albrecht University Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christina S Hölzel
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Christian-Albrecht University Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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Antibiotics as confounding factor in newborn calf studies investigating effects on the intestinal microbiome. Res Vet Sci 2018; 121:104-105. [PMID: 30366123 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Helmschrodt C, Schmidt K, Bertulat S, Klein L, Finnah A, Heuwieser W, Richter A. Quantitative analysis of cefquinome considering different matrix compositions of bovine colostrum and raw milk. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:7465-7475. [PMID: 30218123 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1360-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A robust liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and comprehensively validated for the quantification of cefquinome considering the changing matrix composition from bovine colostrum to raw milk. Sample preparation consisted of addition of isotopically labeled cefquinome internal standard prior to protein precipitation of 2 g colostrum or milk followed by solid-phase extraction. A wide concentration range from 1 to 5000 ng cefquinome per gram of colostrum or milk was quantified using a 3200 QTRAP tandem mass spectrometer in positive ionization mode with electrospray ionization. Validation was performed according to the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC guidelines. Matrix-comprehensive in-house validation included analytical limits CCα and CCβ, recovery, precision and calibration curves with prediction intervals, storage conditions, and evaluation of robustness based on factorial effect analysis. The detection limit was 0.2 ng cefquinome per gram of colostrum or milk. Recovery was between 98.4 and 99.4% for cefquinome concentrations from 4 to 240 ng/g. None of the investigated validation factors (matrix, storage of extracts, lot of SPE cartridges, and operators) exerted an influence higher than ± 3.2%, indicating that these factors make relatively low contributions to the respective combined measurement uncertainties. The comprehensively validated method enables routine residue control purposes and to monitor the pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in bovine colostrum and raw milk. In particular, residue depletion curves of cefquinome from high concentrations in first milking after treatment to concentrations far below the maximum residue limit can be measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Helmschrodt
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Schmidt
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Referat 305 Postfach 110260, 10832, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Bertulat
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 65, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Klein
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Finnah
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Referat 305 Postfach 110260, 10832, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Heuwieser
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 65, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelika Richter
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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