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Cruickshank KM, Hatew B, Gehman AM, Koenig KM, Ribeiro ES, McBride BW, Steele MA. The effect of supplementary selenium source on apparent and true absorption, retention, performance, and selenium status in lactating Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:6211-6224. [PMID: 38460879 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace mineral for dairy cattle and can be provided in the diet in various forms that may differ in bioavailability. The objective of this study was to determine how source of Se affects animal performance, Se status, retention, and apparent and true absorption. Multiparous Holstein cows (n = 24; 597 ± 49 kg of BW) were blocked by DIM (161 ± 18) and randomly assigned to receive 0.3 mg Se/kg of DM (100% of National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine requirements) of either organic Se (ORG; selenized yeast) or inorganic Se (INO; sodium selenite). The Se premix was top dressed on a common TMR fed daily and mixed into the top 15 cm directly before feeding. Following an 11-wk adaptation period, cows received simultaneous infusions of an intraruminal isotope dose of 77Se in the same chemical form as the premix, and an intravenous dose of 82Se in an inorganic form. Infusions were followed by a 4-d period of blood and rumen fluid sampling, and total collection of feces, urine, and milk. Daily DMI (23 ± 0.6 kg), milk yield (35 ± 1.2 kg), and serum Se (0.11 ± 0.003 µg/g) were not different between treatments during the adaptation period, but milk Se concentrations were greater for ORG compared with INO. Serum 77Se maximum concentration and area under the curve (AUC) were not different between treatments for 72 h following infusion, but rumen fluid 77Se AUC was higher for ORG than INO. Apparent absorption (64% ± 1.4%), and retention (44% ± 1.5%) of the 77Se dose did not differ between treatments. True absorption was calculated using 82Se enrichment in serum and feces and was determined to be 69% ± 1.3% and did not differ between treatments. Fecal excretion of the 77Se dose was not different between treatments (36% ± 1.4%), but ORG had lower urinary excretion and higher milk excretion compared with INO. These results indicate that organic Se resulted in greater Se concentration of milk and lower urinary Se excretion into the environment, but absorption, Se status, and performance of the cow were not affected by Se source at this supplementation level.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Cruickshank
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - B Hatew
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R3
| | | | - K M Koenig
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1J 4B1
| | - E S Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - B W McBride
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - M A Steele
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
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Benitez Mora MP, Kosior MA, Damiano S, Longobardi V, Presicce GA, Di Vuolo G, Pacelli G, Campanile G, Gasparrini B. Dietary supplementation with green tea extract improves the antioxidant status and oocyte developmental competence in Italian Mediterranean buffaloes. Theriogenology 2024; 215:50-57. [PMID: 38006855 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess the antioxidant status and the developmental competence of oocytes recovered by ovum pick-up (OPU) in Italian Mediterranean buffaloes supplemented with green tea extracts (GTE) for 90 days. Buffalo cows (n = 16) were randomly assigned to a control group receiving no supplement and a treatment group, receiving GTE starting 90 days before OPU, carried out for five consecutive sessions. Blood samples were collected before the start of supplementation with GTE (T0) and at day 45 (T1) and day 90 (T2) of supplementation, to measure ferric reducing activity (FRAP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). The antioxidant status of follicles was measured as TAC on the follicular fluid collected from the dominant follicle just prior OPU, coinciding with T2, and at the end of five repeated OPU sessions (T3). Another objective was to assess in vitro the protective effects of green tea extracts on hepatic cells exposed to methanol insult. Different concentrations of GTE (0.5 μM and 1 μM) were tested on cultured hepatic cells and viability, morphology and SOD activity were assessed at 24, 48 and 72 h. Supplementation with GTE increased (P < 0.05) the number of total follicles (8.7 ± 0.5 vs 6.9 ± 0.5), the number and the percentage of Grade A + B cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) compared with the control (3.7 ± 0.4 vs 2.3 ± 0.3 and 57.5 ± 4.2 vs 40.4 ± 4.9 %, respectively). Oocyte developmental competence was improved in the GTE group as indicated by the higher (P < 0.05) percentages of Grade 1,2 blastocysts (44.8 vs 29.1 %). In the GTE group, plasma TAC was higher both at T1 and T2, while FRAP increased only at T2, with no differences in SOD and CAT. The TAC of follicular fluid was higher (P < 0.05) in the GTE compared to the control both at T2 and at T3 The in vitro experiment showed that co-treatment with methanol and 1 μM GTE increased (p < 0.01) cell viability at 24 h (P < 0.01), 48 h (P < 0.05) and 72 h (P < 0.01) compared with the methanol treatment co-treatment with 1 μM GTE prevented the decrease in SOD activity observed with methanol at 24 and 48 h of culture. In conclusion, the results of in vivo and in vitro experiments suggest that supplementation with GTE increases buffalo oocyte developmental competence, by improving oxidative status and liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Benitez Mora
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production - Federico II University, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - M A Kosior
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production - Federico II University, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - S Damiano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production - Federico II University, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - V Longobardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production - Federico II University, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137, Naples, Italy.
| | - G A Presicce
- Agenzia Regionale per lo Sviluppo e l'Innovazione dell'Agricoltura del Lazio (ARSIAL), Via R. Lanciani 38, Rome, Italy
| | - G Di Vuolo
- National Reference Center of Water Buffalo Farming and Productions Hygiene and Technologies, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute 2, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - G Pacelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production - Federico II University, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137, Naples, Italy; Mangimi Liverini S.p.A, Via Nazionale Sannitica 60, 82037, Telese Terme, Italy
| | - G Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production - Federico II University, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - B Gasparrini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production - Federico II University, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137, Naples, Italy
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Li H, Dong J, Cui L, Liu K, Guo L, Li J, Wang H. The effect and mechanism of selenium supplementation on the proliferation capacity of bovine endometrial epithelial cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide in vitro under high cortisol background. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae021. [PMID: 38289713 PMCID: PMC10889726 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine endometritis severely inhibits uterine repair and causes considerable economic loss. Besides, parturition-induced high cortisol levels inhibit immune function, reduce cell proliferation, and further inhibit tissue repair. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for animals to maintain normal physiological function and has powerful antioxidant functions. This study investigated whether Se supplementation reduces endometrial damage and promotes tissue repair in cows with endometritis under stress and explored the underlying mechanism. Primary bovine endometrial epithelial cells were isolated and purified from healthy cows. The cells were treated with different combinations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), cortisol, and various concentrations of Se. Data showed that LPS stimulation inhibited cell proliferation and increased cell apoptosis. High levels of cortisol further exacerbated these effects. Flow cytometry, scratch wound healing tests, and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) proliferation assays showed that Se supplementation promoted cell cycle progression, cell migration, and cell proliferation in the presence of LPS and cortisol. The quantitative PCR results showed that the expression of related growth factors was increased after Se supplementation. After administering various inhibitors, we further demonstrated that Se supplementation decreased the activity of glycogen synthetase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway to reduce the degradation of β-catenin except the Wnt signal to promote cell proliferation. In conclusion, Se supplementation attenuated the cell damage induced by LPS at high cortisol levels and increased cell proliferation to promote uterine repair by elevating the mRNA expression of TGFB3 and VEGFA and activating the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou 225009, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Junsheng Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou 225009, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Luying Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou 225009, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kangjun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou 225009, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Long Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou 225009, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianji Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou 225009, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou 225009, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Preventive Supplementation of Vitamin E and Selenium as a Factor in Improving the Success Rate of Embryo Transfer in Cattle. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/acve-2023-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The effects of stress on processes in the body are becoming an increasingly relevant research subject. The reproductive ability of bovine animals largely depends on these effects, whilst embryo transfer is increasingly being used as a reproduction method. In this study, we established the differences in the implantation ability of heifers that were treated (N=17) with selenium (Se) and vitamins AD3E, and non-treated heifers. Upon transfer, we took blood samples from both groups and used the total antioxidant status (TAS) value to analyze the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and the levels of vitamin E and Se in blood plasma. In the study, we were able to demonstrate that preventive measures in the form of supplementation of vitamin E and Se, mitigate the effects of oxidative stress, strengthen the ability of an organism to improve the dynamic relationship between free radicals and antioxidants, improve the energy status of cattle, positively impact reproductive parameters and increase the success rate of embryo transfer. The difference in the number of successful embryo implantations between the control and treated group was statistically significant, with 64.7% of treated heifers being pregnant after embryo transfer and giving birth to healthy calves. In the control group, the implantation success rate was 41.2%. The supplementation of antioxidants in the form of a combination of vitamin AD3E and Se, proved to be a good method for strengthening the defense of an organism and an effective mean of preventive clinical approach for improving fertility parameters.
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Application of Selenium Nanoparticles on Sperm Quantity Indicators in Wistar Rat. Nephrourol Mon 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/numonthly.113358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Antioxidant enzymes and selenium in semen plasma have vital effects on reducing lipid peroxidation of spermatozoid membrane in elderly organisms by preventing the destructive effects of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, the use of antioxidants and selenium is essential for normal testicular function and spermatogenesis. Methods: In this experimental study, 44 male Wistar rats aged 2.5 months (young) and 44 male Winstar rats aged 11 months (old) were separated into 4 groups of control, placebo, experimental 1 (0.2 mg/kg BW), and experimental 2 (0.4 mg/kg BW). Rats encountered weekly surgery after a week of receiving different treatments. Resection of their testes was used for histological studies. Results: The number of spermatocytes, spermatid, and spermatozoa in young and old rats increased during the study period. In young rats, the highest number of these cells remarked in the third and fourth weeks of the experiment using selenium nanoparticles (ranged from 165.3 to 285.3 × 106). For old rates, the highest number of the abovementioned cells observed in the second week of the experiment (ranged from 143.3 to 146.7 × 106). Variables of treatment, week, and age presented significant effects on the number of testicular germ cells. Also, applied treatments had no significant effect on the sperm quality characteristics of rats. The number of Sertoli and Leydig cells did not show a significant difference compared to the control group. The results showed a positive and highly significant correlation between spermatozoid, spermatocytes, and spermatocytes. The findings also indicated the same genetic and environmental effects on the traits. Therefore, any spermatocyte shift will have a direct influence on the spermatozoid. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that using selenium nanoparticles in young and old age groups in rats could improve testicular germ cells, especially in the old group. Therefore, with growing age and decreasing sperm quality, selenium nanoparticles can be used due to their positive effect on sperm parameters and their low health risk.
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Sun X, Yue SZ, Qiao YH, Sun ZJ, Wang C, Li HF. Dietary supplementation with selenium-enriched earthworm powder improves antioxidative ability and immunity of laying hens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5344-5349. [PMID: 33142450 PMCID: PMC7647737 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) has been recognized as an essential dietary nutrient for decades, and organic Se sources rather than inorganic ones are increasingly advocated as Se supplements. Earthworms have been studied as a feed additive and animal protein source for many yr. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Se-enriched earthworm powder (SEP) on the antioxidative ability and immunity of laying hens. A total of 120 27-wk-old laying hens were randomly divided into 4 groups (30 hens per group). Laying hens were fed diets supplemented with SEP having 0, 0.5, or 1 mg/kg of Se or with earthworm powder alone. After 5 wk of supplementation, serum from the hens was tested for nutritional components (protein, globulin, albumin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and glucose), antioxidative properties (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and nitric oxide), and immune responses (lysozymes, immunoglobulin G, IL-2, and interferon gamma). We found that SEP with 1.0 mg/kg of Se upregulated the hens' total protein, albumin, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, IgG, and IL-2 and downregulated triglycerides, total cholesterol, glucose, and nitric oxide. These results indicate that SEP improves antioxidative levels and immune function of laying hens, indicating potential benefit from use of SEP as a feed additive in the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Sun
- Department of Ecology and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shi-Zhong Yue
- Department of Ecology and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yu-Hui Qiao
- Department of Ecology and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Zhen-Jun Sun
- Department of Ecology and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Ecology and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hua-Fen Li
- Department of Ecology and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Gundelach Y, Streuff B, Franczyk M, Kankofer M, Hoedemaker M. Influence of two different feeding strategies in the dry period on dry matter intake and plasma protein peroxidative and antioxidative profile during dry period and early lactation. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:134. [PMID: 32404087 PMCID: PMC7222456 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02347-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dairy cows undergo dramatic changes in endocrine and metabolic status around parturition and in early lactation. Meeting the nutritional requirements of transition dairy cows is important for animal health, production and animal wellbeing. Dry cow feeding and managing play an essential role in this. The changes in metabolism of periparturient cows also lead to a rise in the production of oxidising agents, leading to oxidative stress. The relationship between dry cow diet composition and oxidative stress has received little research attention so far. In the present study, the influence of two different dry cow feedings (single diet with medium energy content over the whole dry period versus traditional two-phase diet with a low-energy “far-off” ration and a high energy “close-up” ration) on dry matter intake, energy intake and plasma protein peroxidative and antioxidative profile was investigated. Results The examined parameters revealed a dynamic profile within the experimental period. Dry matter intake (DMI) did not differ between groups. However, there was a time and a group x time interaction effect: Group 1 (“one-phase”) had a very constant DMI with a slow and even decrease until calving. In Group 2 (“two-phase”), an initial increase in DMI two weeks antepartum (a.p.) was followed by a sharp drop at week 1 a.p.. The highest total antioxidant capacity and sulfhydryl residue concentration was noted at partus. In contrast, concentration of formylokinurenine and bityrosine bridges as representatives of protein peroxidation were lowest at parturition. The time course of formylokinurenine and bityrosine bridges showed parallels to the DMI. The contents of sulfhydryl groups, formylokinurenine and total antixoxidant capacity did not differ between groups. In contrast, concentration of bityrosine bridges was always higher in Group 2 compared with Group 1 and these differences were statistically significant at week 3 a.p., week 2 a.p., week 1 a.p. and at parturition. Conclusion The results of our study suggest time-related changes of pro- and antioxidative plasma parameters. Different dry cow feeding affected antepartal DMI. Furthermore, DMI and diet compositions seemed to have an influence on plasma protein peroxidative profile and activity of antioxidative defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Gundelach
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Beate Streuff
- Present Address: Educational and Research Centre for Agriculture, Haus Düsse, Ostinghausen, 59505, Bad Sassendorf, Germany
| | - Monika Franczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Kankofer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - Martina Hoedemaker
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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Perruchot MH, Gondret F, Robert F, Dupuis E, Quesnel H, Dessauge F. Effect of the flavonoid baicalin on the proliferative capacity of bovine mammary cells and their ability to regulate oxidative stress. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6565. [PMID: 30863682 PMCID: PMC6407502 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-yielding dairy cows are prone to oxidative stress due to the high metabolic needs of homeostasis and milk production. Oxidative stress and inflammation are tightly linked; therefore, anti-inflammatory and/or natural antioxidant compounds may help improve mammary cell health. Baicalin, one of the major flavonoids in Scutellaria baicalensis, has natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in various cell types, but its effects on bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) have not been investigated. Methods Explants from bovine mammary glands were collected by biopsy at the peak of lactation (approximately 60 days after the start of lactation) (n = three animals) to isolate BMECs corresponding to mature secretory cells. Cell viability, apoptosis, proliferative capacity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by BMECs were measured after increasing doses of baicalin were added to the culture media in the absence or presence of H2O2, which was used as an in vitro model of oxidative stress. Results Low doses of baicalin (1–10 µg/mL) had no or only slightly positive effects on the proliferation and viability of BMECs, whereas higher doses (100 or 200 µg/mL) markedly decreased BMEC proliferation. Baicalin decreased apoptosis rate at low concentrations (10 µg/mL) but increased apoptosis at higher doses. ROS production was decreased in BMECs treated with increasing doses of baicalin compared with untreated cells, and this decreased production was associated with increased intracellular concentrations of catalase and NRF-2. Irrespective of the dose, baicalin pretreatment attenuated H2O2-induced ROS production. Discussion These results indicate that baicalin exerts protective antioxidant effects on bovine mammary cells. This finding suggests that baicalin could be used to prevent oxidative metabolic disorders in dairy cows.
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Biazus AH, Cazarotto CJ, Machado G, Bottari NB, Alves MS, Morsch VM, Schetinger MRC, Leal MLR, Fernandes NF, Moresco RN, Baldissera MD, Da Silva AS. Diphenyl diselenide subcutaneous supplementation of dairy sheep: effects on oxidant and antioxidant status, inflammatory response and milk composition. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an17374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Diphenyl diselenide ((PhSe)2) is a organoselenium compound with potent antioxidant properties. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether subcutaneous supplementation of (PhSe)2 in dairy sheep has positive effects on milk composition, as well as on the prevention of oxidative stress and exacerbated inflammatory response. For this, 16 primiparous recently calved sheep were divided into the following two groups, with eight animals in each: Group A, the control group; and Group B, the group subcutaneously supplemented with five doses of (PhSe)2 of 3.0µmol/kg each every 7 days. Blood samples from supplemented animals showed increased concentration of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase), and reduced reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, which prevented oxidative damage in the lactation period, as well as increased seric interleukin-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine. In the sera, supplemented animals showed increased total antioxidant capacity and ferric-reducing ability of plasma compared with the control group. As a consequence, supplemented animals showed increased antioxidant variables, as well as reduced protein oxidation in milk samples. Moreover, milk from supplemented sheep showed a higher fat content, and lower total protein and lactose contents in some periods in the study, than did not-supplemented ewes. Seric concentrations of interleukin-1 were lower on Days 30 and 45 in supplemented animals, as well as the concentrations of tumour necrosis factor α in all periods, than were those in the control group, whereas the interleukin-10 concentrations were higher. Thus, dairy sheep supplementation of (PhSe)2 activated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses, and increased milk fat content. Moreover, this protocol increased the antioxidant and, consequently, reduced the oxidant concentration in milk, which is desirable for product quality.
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Bach À. Effects of nutrition and genetics on fertility in dairy cows. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 31:40-54. [DOI: 10.1071/rd18364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal reproductive function in dairy cattle is mandatory to maximise profits. Dairy production has progressively improved milk yields, but, until recently, the trend in reproductive performance has been the opposite. Nutrition, genetics, and epigenetics are important aspects affecting the reproductive performance of dairy cows. In terms of nutrition, the field has commonly fed high-energy diets to dairy cows during the 3 weeks before calving in an attempt to minimise postpartum metabolic upsets. However, in the recent years it has become clear that feeding high-energy diets during the dry period, especially as calving approaches, may be detrimental to cow health, or at least unnecessary because cows, at that time, have low energy requirements and sufficient intake capacity. After calving, dairy cows commonly experience a period of negative energy balance (NEB) characterised by low blood glucose and high non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations. This has both direct and indirect effects on oocyte quality and survival. When oocytes are forced to depend highly on the use of energy resources derived from body reserves, mainly NEFA, their development is compromised due to a modification in mitochondrial β-oxidation. Furthermore, the indirect effect of NEB on reproduction is mediated by a hormonal (both metabolic and reproductive) environment. Some authors have attempted to overcome the NEB by providing the oocyte with external sources of energy via dietary fat. Conversely, fertility is affected by a large number of genes, each with small individual effects, and thus it is unlikely that the decline in reproductive function has been directly caused by genetic selection for milk yield per se. It is more likely that the decline is the consequence of a combination of homeorhetic mechanisms (giving priority to milk over other functions) and increased metabolic pressure (due to a shortage of nutrients) with increasing milk yields. Nevertheless, genetics is an important component of reproductive efficiency, and the incorporation of genomic information is allowing the detection of genetic defects, degree of inbreeding and specific single nucleotide polymorphisms directly associated with reproduction, providing pivotal information for genetic selection programs. Furthermore, focusing on improving bull fertility in gene selection programs may represent an interesting opportunity. Conversely, the reproductive function of a given cow depends on the interaction between her genetic background and her environment, which ultimately modulates gene expression. Among the mechanisms modulating gene expression, microRNAs (miRNAs) and epigenetics seem to be most relevant. Several miRNAs have been described to play active roles in both ovarian and testicular function, and epigenetic effects have been described as a consequence of the nutrient supply and hormonal signals to which the offspring was exposed at specific stages during development. For example, there are differences in the epigenome of cows born to heifers and those born to cows, and this epigenome seems to be sensitive to the availability of methyl donor compounds of the dam. Lastly, recent studies in other species have shown the relevance of paternal epigenetic marks, but this aspect has been, until now, largely overlooked in dairy cattle.
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The combination of β-carotene and vitamins improve the pregnancy rate at first fixed-time artificial insemination in grazing beef cows. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zahrazadeh M, Riasi A, Farhangfar H, Mahyari SA. Effects of close-up body condition score and selenium-vitamin E injection on lactation performance, blood metabolites, and oxidative status in high-producing dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:10495-10504. [PMID: 30172396 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
High-producing dairy cows with high pre-calving body condition score (BCS) are more susceptible to metabolic disorders and oxidative stress. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effects of close-up BCS and 3 times Se-vitamin E (SeE) injection on BCS change, blood metabolites, oxidative status, and milk yield in high-producing Holstein cows. A total of 136 multiparous cows were divided into 2 groups based on their BCS including high (HB = 4.00 ± 0.20) and moderate (MB = 3.25 ± 0.25) at 3 wk before expected calving time. Then, each group was divided into 2 subgroups: 3 rounds of SeE injection at 21 d before, and 0 and 21 d after calving (+SeE), and no SeE injection (-SeE). Four final experimental groups were HB+SeE, MB+SeE, HB-SeE, and MB-SeE (34 cows each). Results indicated that interaction effect of BCS and SeE affected serum glucose, and the MB+SeE group had the highest level. The HB cows lost more BCS compared with MB cows during the postcalving period. Moreover, serum insulin concentration increased after SeE injection. The HB cows had higher serum nonesterified fatty acids at 14 d after calving. The MB cows tended to have higher activity of blood glutathione peroxidase over the study period. Furthermore, the SeE-injected cows tended to have higher activity of blood glutathione peroxidase at 28 d after calving. Serum albumin level was increased by SeE injection. The HB cows had greater milk production than MB cows, and SeE-injected cows tended to have higher milk fat percentage and higher fat:protein ratio compared with nonsupplemented cows. It was concluded that SeE injection had beneficial effects on some blood metabolites, albumin as a blood antioxidative parameter, and lactation performance in high-producing dairy cows, especially cows with moderate close-up BCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zahrazadeh
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, PO Box 84156/83111, Isfahan, Iran
| | - A Riasi
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, PO Box 84156/83111, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - H Farhangfar
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Birjand, PO Box 615-97175, Birjand, Iran
| | - S Ansari Mahyari
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, PO Box 84156/83111, Isfahan, Iran
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13
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Weiss WP. A 100-Year Review: From ascorbic acid to zinc-Mineral and vitamin nutrition of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 100:10045-10060. [PMID: 29153154 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mineral and vitamin nutrition of dairy cows was studied before the first volume of the Journal of Dairy Science was published and is still actively researched today. The initial studies on mineral nutrition of dairy cows were simple balance experiments (although the methods available at the time for measuring minerals were anything but simple). Output of Ca and P in feces, urine, and milk was subtracted from intake of Ca and P, and if values were negative it was often assumed that cows were lacking in the particular mineral. As analytical methods improved, more minerals were found to be required by dairy cows, and blood and tissue concentrations became primary response variables. Those measures often were poorly related to cow health, leading to the use of disease prevalence and immune function as a measure of mineral adequacy. As data were generated, mineral requirements became more accurate and included more sources of variation. In addition to milk yield and body weight inputs, bioavailability coefficients of minerals from different sources are used to formulate diets that can meet the needs of the cow without excessive excretion of minerals in manure, which negatively affects the environment. Milk, or more accurately the lack of milk in human diets, was central to the discovery of vitamins, but research into vitamin nutrition of cows developed slowly. For many decades bioassays were the only available method for measuring vitamin concentrations, which greatly limited research. The history of vitamin nutrition mirrors that of mineral nutrition. Among the first experiments conducted on vitamin nutrition of cows were those examining the factors affecting vitamin concentrations of milk. This was followed by determining the amount of vitamins needed to prevent deficiency diseases, which evolved into research to determine the amount of vitamins required to promote overall good health. The majority of research was conducted on vitamins A, D, and E because these vitamins have a dietary requirement, and clinical and marginal deficiencies became common as diets for cows changed from pasture and full exposure to the sun to stored forage and limited sun exposure. As researchers learned new functions of fat-soluble vitamins, requirements generally increased over time. Diets generally contain substantial amounts of B vitamins, and rumen bacteria can synthesize large quantities of many B vitamins; hence, research on water-soluble vitamins lagged behind. We now know that supplementation of specific water-soluble vitamins can enhance cow health and increase milk production in certain situations. Additional research is needed to define specific requirements for many water-soluble vitamins. Both mineral and vitamin research is hampered by the lack of sensitive biomarkers of status, but advanced molecular techniques may provide measures that respond to altered supply of minerals and vitamins and that are related to health or productive responses of the cow. The overall importance of proper mineral and vitamin nutrition is known, but as we discover new and more diverse functions, better supplementation strategies should lead to even better cow health and higher production.
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Affiliation(s)
- W P Weiss
- Department of Animal Science, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster 44691.
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14
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Goff JP. Invited review: Mineral absorption mechanisms, mineral interactions that affect acid-base and antioxidant status, and diet considerations to improve mineral status. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:2763-2813. [PMID: 29397180 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Several minerals are required for life to exist. In animals, 7 elements (Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Cl, and S) are required to be present in the diet in fairly large amounts (grams to tens of grams each day for the dairy cow) and are termed macrominerals. Several other elements are termed microminerals or trace minerals because they are required in much smaller amounts (milligrams to micrograms each day). In most cases the mineral in the diet must be absorbed across the gastrointestinal mucosa and enter the blood if it is to be of value to the animal. The bulk of this review discusses the paracellular and transcellular mechanisms used by the gastrointestinal tract to absorb each of the various minerals needed. Unfortunately, particularly in ruminants, interactions between minerals and other substances within the diet can occur within the digestive tract that impair mineral absorption. The attributes of organic or chelated minerals that might permit diet minerals to circumvent factors that inhibit absorption of more traditional inorganic forms of these minerals are discussed. Once absorbed, minerals are used in many ways. One focus of this review is the effect macrominerals have on the acid-base status of the animal. Manipulation of dietary cation and anion content is commonly used as a tool in the dry period and during lactation to improve performance. A section on how the strong ion theory can be used to understand these effects is included. Many microminerals play a role in the body as cofactors of enzymes involved in controlling free radicals within the body and are vital to antioxidant capabilities. Those same minerals, when consumed in excess, can become pro-oxidants in the body, generating destructive free radicals. Complex interactions between minerals can compromise the effectiveness of a diet in promoting health and productivity of the cow. The objective of this review is to provide insight into some of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse P Goff
- Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011.
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15
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Muegge CR, Brennan KM, Schoonmaker JP. Supplementation of organic and inorganic selenium to late gestation and early lactation beef cows effect on cow and preweaning calf performance. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:3399-3408. [PMID: 27695792 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angus × Simmental cows ( = 48; BW = 595 ± 17.4 kg, BCS = 5.26 ± 0.05, and age = 2.3 ± 0.07 yr), pregnant with male fetuses, were used to determine the effect of Se source during the last 80 d of gestation and first 108 d of lactation on cow and calf performance. At 203 d in gestation, cows were blocked by BW, breed composition, age, and calf sire and randomly allotted to organic Se, inorganic Se, or no Se treatments. Diets contained corn silage, corn stover, haylage, dried distillers' grains with solubles, and minerals and were formulated to contain 10.4% CP and 0.90 Mcal/kg NEg during gestation and 12.1% CP and 1.01 Mcal/kg NEg during lactation. Diets were fed daily as a total mixed ration and none, 3 mg/d Se as sodium selenite, or 3 mg/d Se as Sel-Plex were top-dressed daily. At 68 d postpartum (DPP), milk production was calculated using the weigh-suckle-weigh procedure and a milk sample was collected to determine composition. At 108 DPP, cow-calf pairs were commingled until weaning at 210 DPP. Cow BW and BCS ( ≥ 0.56) did not differ between treatments at any time point during the study. Milk production, milk fat, and total solids ( ≥ 0.38) did not differ among treatments. Milk protein tended to increase in cows fed inorganic Se compared with cows fed organic Se ( = 0.07) and milk lactose tended to be greatest in cows fed organic Se ( = 0.10). Conception to AI and overall pregnancy rates did not differ between treatments ( ≥ 0.39). Calf weights and ADG did not differ through 108 DPP ( ≥ 0.77) or for the preweaning period ( ≥ 0.33). Plasma Se concentration was adequate for all cows and did not differ among treatments for cows ( ≥ 0.37) or calves ( ≥ 0.90). Liver Se concentrations in cows fed inorganic or organic Se were greater than in control cows ( < 0.01). Longissimus muscles biopsies taken from progeny at 108 DPP also did not differ between treatments ( = 0.45). In conclusion, dietary Se source did not affect cow performance, milk production, or reproductive efficiency. Organic Se decreased milk protein and increased milk lactose but did not alter preweaning performance of progeny from Se-adequate cows.
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16
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Kamada H. Effects of selenium-rich yeast supplementation on the plasma progesterone levels of postpartum dairy cows. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017; 30:347-354. [PMID: 27492347 PMCID: PMC5337913 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of the pre- and postpartum supplementation of cows with Se on their plasma P4 concentrations after calving were investigated. METHODS Thirty-four Holstein cows were used to investigate the effects of dietary selenium supplementation on the postpartum recovery of the luteal function in cows. Selenium-rich yeast (containing 300 ppm selenium) was mixed with total mixed ration fed to 17 pregnant cows from 30 days before they were due to calve (10 g yeast daily) to 100 days after calving (20 g yeast daily). The control cows (n = 17) were fed the same amount of ordinary yeast. The cows' plasma progesterone concentrations were determined every two days using an enzyme immunoassay after calving. RESULTS Feed intake (total digestive nutrient, crude protein), milk production, body weight and the biochemical properties of blood plasma did not differ between the two groups; however, the plasma selenium concentrations of the supplemented animals were significantly greater than those of the controls at and after calving. The postpartum plasma progesterone concentrations of the selenium-yeast-supplemented group increased earlier than those of the control group. Moreover, during the estrus cycle after the 3rd ovulation or ovulation with estrus between 60 to 80 days after calving, the selenium-supplemented cows exhibited greater progesterone concentrations than the control cows. CONCLUSION Selenium supplementation promotes the postpartum progesterone production of cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hachiro Kamada
- Dairy cattle Group, Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center NARO, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8555,
Japan
- Animal Reproduction Unit, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science NARO, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901,
Japan
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17
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Tafazoli M, Fazeli E, Nematy M, Bahri N, Dadgar S. The relationship between functional ovarian cysts and vitamin A, vitamin E, and folate intake. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2016; 37:205-209. [DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2016.1228622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Tafazoli
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elham Fazeli
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nematy
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Narjes Bahri
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Salmeh Dadgar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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18
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Kegley EB, Ball JJ, Beck PA. BILL E. KUNKLE INTERDISCIPLINARY BEEF SYMPOSIUM: Impact of mineral and vitamin status on beef cattle immune function and health. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:5401-5413. [PMID: 28046179 PMCID: PMC7109838 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of optimal mineral and vitamin nutrition on improving immune function and health has been recognized in the preceding decades. In the southeast, beef cattle are raised predominantly on forages that may be limiting in nutrients for optimal health, especially trace minerals such as Cu, Zn, and Se. Clinical deficiencies of these nutrients produce classic symptoms that are common to several nutrient deficiencies (e.g., slow growth and unthrifty appearance); however, subclinical deficiencies are more widespread and more difficult to detect, yet may result in broader economic losses. Dietary mineral concentrations often considered adequate for maximum growth, reproductive performance, or optimal immune function have been found to be insufficient at times of physiological stress (weaning, transport, comingling, etc.), when feed intake is reduced. The impacts of these deficiencies on beef cattle health are not apparent until calves have been subjected to these stressors. Health problems that are exacerbated by mineral or vitamin deficiencies include bovine respiratory disease, footrot, retained placenta, metritis, and mastitis. Many micronutrients have antioxidant properties through being components of enzymes and proteins that benefit animal health. In dairy cattle, high levels of supplemental Zn are generally associated with reduced somatic cell counts and improved foot health, possibly reflecting the importance of Zn in maintaining effective epithelial barriers. Neutrophils isolated from ruminants deficient in Cu or Se have reduced ability to kill ingested bacteria in vitro. Supplemental vitamin E, in its role as an intracellular antioxidant has been shown to decrease morbidity in stressed calves. There is more understanding of the important biological role that these nutrients play in the functioning of the complex and multifaceted immune system. However, there is still much to be learned about determining the micronutrient status of herds (and hence when supplementation will be beneficial), requirements for different genetic and environmental conditions, understanding the bioavailability of these nutrients from feedstuffs and forages, quantifying the bioavailability of different supplemental sources of these nutrients, and identifying the impact of dietary antagonists on these nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. B. Kegley
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
| | - J. J. Ball
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
| | - P. A. Beck
- Southwest Research and Extension Center, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Hope 71801
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19
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Palomares RA, Hurley DJ, Bittar JHJ, Saliki JT, Woolums AR, Moliere F, Havenga LJ, Norton NA, Clifton SJ, Sigmund AB, Barber CE, Berger ML, Clark MJ, Fratto MA. Effects of injectable trace minerals on humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to Bovine viral diarrhea virus, Bovine herpes virus 1 and Bovine respiratory syncytial virus following administration of a modified-live virus vaccine in dairy calves. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 178:88-98. [PMID: 27496747 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate the effect of an injectable trace mineral (ITM) supplement containing zinc, manganese, selenium, and copper on the humoral and cell mediated immune (CMI) responses to vaccine antigens in dairy calves receiving a modified-live viral (MLV) vaccine containing BVDV, BHV1, PI3V and BRSV. A total of 30 dairy calves (3.5 months of age) were administered a priming dose of the MLV vaccine containing BHV1, BVDV1 & 2, BRSV, PI3V, and an attenuated-live Mannheimia-Pasteurella bacterin subcutaneously (SQ). Calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: (1) administration of ITM SQ (ITM, n=15) or (2) injection of sterile saline SQ (Control; n=15). Three weeks later, calves received a booster of the same vaccine combination SQ, and a second administration of ITM, or sterile saline, according to the treatment group. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, and 90 post-vaccination for determination of antibody titer, viral recall antigen-induced IFN-γ production, and viral antigen-induced proliferation by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Administration of ITM concurrently with MLV vaccination resulted in higher antibody titers to BVDV1 on day 28 after priming vaccination compared to the control group (P=0.03). Calves treated with ITM showed an earlier enhancement in PBMC proliferation to BVDV1 following vaccination compared to the control group. Proliferation of PBMC after BVDV stimulation tended to be higher on day 14 after priming vaccination in calves treated with ITM than in the control group (P=0.08). Calves that received ITM showed higher PBMC proliferation to BRSV stimulation on day 7 after priming vaccination compared to the control group (P=0.01). Moreover, calves in the ITM group also had an enhanced production IFN-γ by PBMC after stimulation with BRSV on day 21 after priming vaccination compared to day 0 (P<0.01). In conclusion, administration of ITM concurrently with MLV vaccination in dairy calves resulted in increased antibody titer to BVDV1, and greater PBMC proliferation to BVDV1 and BRSV recall stimulation compared to the control group, suggesting that ITM might represent a promising tool to enhance the humoral and CMI responses to MLV vaccines in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Palomares
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 United States; Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens GA 30602 United States.
| | - D J Hurley
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 United States; Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens GA 30602 United States
| | - J H J Bittar
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 United States
| | - J T Saliki
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2771, United States
| | - A R Woolums
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
| | - F Moliere
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 United States
| | - L J Havenga
- Multimin USA, Inc. Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - N A Norton
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens GA 30602 United States
| | - S J Clifton
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 United States
| | - A B Sigmund
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 United States
| | - C E Barber
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 United States
| | - M L Berger
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 United States
| | - M J Clark
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 United States
| | - M A Fratto
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 United States
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Uematsu M, Kitahara G, Sameshima H, Osawa T. Serum selenium and liposoluble vitamins in Japanese Black cows that had stillborn calves. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:1501-1504. [PMID: 27181084 PMCID: PMC5059379 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stillbirth and dystocia are major factors that negatively affect beef production. We
sought to clarify serum selenium and liposoluble vitamin levels in Japanese Black cows
that gave birth to stillborn calves (stillbirth cows). Blood samples were collected from
103 stillbirth cows and 95 cows that gave birth to healthy calves (control cows). Serum
levels of selenium (45.8 ± 16.0 ng/ml) and vitamin A
(73.0 ± 24.8 IU/dl) in stillbirth cows were lower
(P<0.05) than those in control cows (52.2 ± 8.9
ng/ml and 93.3 ± 14.8 IU/dl,
respectively). Our findings suggest that appropriate serum selenium and vitamin A levels
are important for calving cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Uematsu
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
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Bayril T, Yildiz AS, Akdemir F, Yalcin C, Köse M, Yilmaz O. The Technical and Financial Effects of Parenteral Supplementation with Selenium and Vitamin E during Late Pregnancy and the Early Lactation Period on the Productivity of Dairy Cattle. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015; 28:1133-9. [PMID: 26104521 PMCID: PMC4478481 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of parenteral selenium (Se) and vitamin E supplementation on economic impact, milk yield, and some reproductive parameters in high-yield dairy cows in the dry period and in those at the beginning of lactation. At the beginning of the dry period, cows (n = 323) were randomly divided into three groups as follows: Treatment 1 (T1), Treatment 2 (T2), and Control (C). Cows in group T1 received this preparation 21 days before calving and on calving day, and cows in group T2 received it only on calving day. The cows in the control group did not receive this preparation. Supplementation with Se increased Se serum levels of cows treated at calving day (p<0.05). Differences in milk yield at all weeks and the electrical conductivity values at the 8th and 12th weeks were significant (p<0.05). Supplementation with Se and Vitamin E decreased the incidence of metritis, the number of services per conception and the service period, but had no effects on the incidence of retained fetal membrane. A partial budgeting analysis indicated that Se supplementation was economically profitable; cows in group T1 averaged 240.6$ per cow, those in group T2 averaged 224.6$ per cow. Supplementation with Se and Vitamin E has been found to increase serum Se levels, milk yield, and has positive effects on udder health by decreasing milk conductivity values and incidence of sub-clinical mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bayril
- Department of Animal Health Economics and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey
| | - A S Yildiz
- Department of Animal Health Economics and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey
| | - F Akdemir
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Fisheries, Inonu University, Malatya 44280, Turkey
| | - C Yalcin
- Department of Animal Health Economics and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey
| | - M Köse
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir 21280, Turkey
| | - O Yilmaz
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65280, Turkey
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22
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Rezvanfar MA, Saeedi S, Mansoori P, Saadat S, Goosheh M, Shojaei Saadi HA, Baeeri M, Abdollahi M. Dual targeting of TNF-α and free radical toxic stress as a promising strategy to manage experimental polycystic ovary. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:80-90. [PMID: 25955958 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1014922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT It is now clear that oxidative stress (OS) and chronic low-grade inflammation are two main pathways involved in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) pathogenesis. Therefore, simultaneous targeting of these pathways by means of carvedilol and Semelil (ANGIPARS™), as established medicines with dual anti-cytokine and anti-oxidant potential may be a therapeutic alternative approach to the current treatments. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to study the protective effects of carvedilol and ANGIPARS™ on inflammatory and oxidative response in hyperandrogenism-induced polycystic ovary (PCO). MATERIALS AND METHODS The murine model of PCO was induced by letrozole (1 mg/kg/d; orally) and effective doses of carvedilol (10 mg/kg/d; orally) and ANGIPARS™ (2.1 mg/kg/d; orally) were administrated for 21 d in PCO and non-PCO healthy rats. Ovarian folliculogenesis, sex hormones concentrations, OS, inflammatory, and metabolic biomarkers were assessed in serum and ovaries. RESULTS PCO rats exhibited ovarian cystogenesis which was preserved by the application of carvedilol and ANGIPARS™. In comparison with controls, decreased level of the total antioxidant power (TAP) and higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in serum and ovaries (2.41 ± 0.67 versus 0.72 ± 0.11; and 0.17 ± 0.04 versus 0.05 ± 0.01; 5.48 ± 1.30 versus 10.56 ± 0.77; and 7.06 ± 1.94 versus 17.98 ± 0.98; p < 0.05, respectively) were detected in PCO rats. Moreover, the PCO rats exhibited hyperandrogenism due to a 3.7-fold increase in serum testosterone concentration (35.04 ± 3.17 versus 131.09 ± 13.24; p < 0.05) along with a 2.98-fold decrease in serum progesterone (6.19 ± 0.40 versus 18.50 ± 1.03; p < 0.05) and 5.2-fold decrease in serum estradiol (9.30 ± 0.61 versus 48.3 ± 2.10; p < 0.05) when compared with those of the control group. However, similar to the control group, normal levels of OS markers and sex hormones were detected in ANGIPARS™ and carvedilol co-treated PCO rats. Besides, when compared with controls, increased levels of TNF-α (770.75 ± 42.06 versus 477.14 ± 28.77; p < 0.05) and insulin (1.27 ± 0.10 versus 0.36 ± 0.05; p < 0.05) in PCO rats were significantly inhibited by carvedilol and ANGIPARS™ co-treatment. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION We evidenced the beneficial effects of carvedilol and ANGIPARS™ in PCO, which underpin the new alternative approach in using these kinds of medicines in female reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Rezvanfar
- a Division of Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
- b Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Sarah Saeedi
- c Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch , Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Parisa Mansoori
- c Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch , Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Sepideh Saadat
- c Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch , Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Maziar Goosheh
- d Faculty of Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran , and
| | - Habib A Shojaei Saadi
- e Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction , UniversitéLaval , Québec City , QC , Canada
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- b Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- a Division of Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
- b Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Bicalho M, Lima F, Ganda E, Foditsch C, Meira E, Machado V, Teixeira A, Oikonomou G, Gilbert R, Bicalho R. Effect of trace mineral supplementation on selected minerals, energy metabolites, oxidative stress, and immune parameters and its association with uterine diseases in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:4281-95. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kamada H, Nonaka I, Takenouchi N, Amari M. Effects of selenium supplementation on plasma progesterone concentrations in pregnant heifers. Anim Sci J 2013; 85:241-6. [PMID: 24206213 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It is known that selenium (Se) has various functions in animals. Many investigations on the biochemical and physiological effects of Se have been previously reported; however, the detailed function of Se in reproduction is not yet clear. We proposed the possibility that Se plays a notable role in progesterone production. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of Se supplementation on progesterone levels of pregnant Holstein heifers. Eight Holstein heifers (-Se) were fed basal diet (containing 0.022 ppm of Se) throughout the experiment. While a 0.3 ppm diet of Se (sodium selenite) was fed to another seven animals (+Se) with basal diet. Blood sampling was carried out every week. Plasma Se concentrations were higher in Se-supplemented cows compared with controls (-Se) (P < 0.01) throughout the experiment. Se supplementation increased plasma progesterone in the 29-39 weeks of pregnancy from 4.98 ± 0.64 to 6.86 ± 0.49 ng/mL on average (P < 0.05). The present findings suggest that Se contributes to maintaining the function of the corpus luteum and/or placenta in the latter period of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hachiro Kamada
- NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Japan
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25
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Turk R, Podpečan O, Mrkun J, Kosec M, Flegar-Meštrić Z, Perkov S, Starič J, Robić M, Belić M, Zrimšek P. Lipid mobilisation and oxidative stress as metabolic adaptation processes in dairy heifers during transition period. Anim Reprod Sci 2013; 141:109-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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26
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Machado VS, Bicalho MLS, Pereira RV, Caixeta LS, Knauer WA, Oikonomou G, Gilbert RO, Bicalho RC. Effect of an injectable trace mineral supplement containing selenium, copper, zinc, and manganese on the health and production of lactating Holstein cows. Vet J 2013; 197:451-6. [PMID: 23598255 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a subcutaneous injection of a multimineral preparation containing 300 mg of zinc, 50mg of manganese, 25mg of selenium, and 75 mg of copper at 230 and 260 days of gestation and 35 days postpartum, on the health, milk production and reproductive performance of lactating Holstein cows. A randomized field trial was conducted on three large commercial dairy farms located near Ithaca, New York, USA, with 1416 cows enrolled. All cows were housed and offered a total mixed ration consisting of approximately 55% forage and 45% concentrate on a dry matter basis of the diet, which supplied 2-6 times the NRC requirements for the supplemented elements. Dry cows and pregnant heifers were blocked by parity and randomly allocated to one of two treatments: Trace mineral supplemented (TMS) or control. For multiparous cows, subcutaneous TMS significantly decreased linear somatic cell count scores (normalized data) as compared to control cows. The incidence of subclinical mastitis for TMS and control cows was 10.4% and 8.0%, respectively (P=0.005). The main effect of treatment on clinical mastitis was not significant but the interaction of treatment and parity was significant. For primiparous cows, the incidence of clinical mastitis was 11.8% and 15.6% for control and TMS cows, respectively (P=0.33); for multiparous cows, the incidence of clinical mastitis for control and TMS cows was 25.4% and 19.7%, respectively (P=0.03). Additionally, control cows had increased odds of stillbirth and endometritis (odds ratios 1.69 and 1.30, respectively). The incidence of endometritis was 34.2% and 28.6% for control and TMS cows, respectively (P=0.039) but treatment had no effect on reproductive performance, milk production or other health traits. Further research is required to confirm these findings and to establish whether the response seen in this study was related to the supplementation of a particular mineral.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Machado
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Gürgen SG, Erdoğan D, Elmas C, Kaplanoğlu GT, Ozer C. Chemoprotective effect of ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and selenium on cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity in the rat ovarium. Nutrition 2013; 29:777-84. [PMID: 23422538 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the protective efficacy of ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and selenium by measuring the glutathione (GSH) levels and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) expression in the ovarian tissues of rats treated with cyclophosphamide (CP) therapy. METHODS Female Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of 6 rats each: (I) control, (II) only CP, (III) CP + ascorbic acid, (IV) CP + α-tocopherol, and (V) CP + selenium. Immunohistochemical stainings and GSH protocol were then applied. RESULTS Following CP administration, the rats exhibited significantly lower GDF-9 expression in oocytes and PCNA expression in granulosa cells of follicles in all stages of development (P < 0.05). In CP + antioxidant groups (Groups III, IV, V), GDF-9 immunoreaction in oocytes and PCNA immunoreaction in granulosa cells of the developing follicles were found to show an increase towards the levels observed in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS CP was found to cause remarkable degenerative effects in normal ovarian tissue, and we believe that this damage can be reduced and ovarian tissue can be spared from the toxic effects of CP by using antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seren Gülşen Gürgen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Vocational Health Service, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey.
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Selenium-dependent regulation of oxidative stress and immunity in periparturient dairy cattle. Vet Med Int 2013; 2013:154045. [PMID: 23401850 PMCID: PMC3557619 DOI: 10.1155/2013/154045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled or impaired immune and inflammatory responses in periparturient dairy cows are associated with increased incidence and severity of infectious diseases. The progressive development of oxidative stress during the transition from late gestation to peak lactation is thought to be a significant underlying factor leading to dysfunctional immune cell responses. Certain trace minerals, such as selenium (Se), can ameliorate oxidative stress and reduce the severity of several economically important diseases in dairy cattle including mastitis and metritis. Many of the health benefits of Se can be attributed to the antioxidant functions of selenoproteins. Changes in selenoprotein activity as a consequence of Se nutritional status can directly alter a number of critical cellular functions involved in the inflammatory response. A better understanding of how Se can optimize immune cell responses may facilitate the design of nutritional regimes that will reduce health disorders during the periparturient period.
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Spagnuolo MS, Cigliano L, Nebbia C, Rossetti C, Grazioli G, Iannuzzi L. Analysis of plasma indices of redox homeostasis in dairy cows reared in polluted areas of Piedmont (northern Italy). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 433:450-455. [PMID: 22824076 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Steel manufacturing is responsible for the emission of pollutants, including dioxins and transition metals, inducing reactive oxygen species generation and DNA damage. Dioxin pollution represents the major cause of milk and dairy product contamination, in Italy, and is associated with oxidative stress-related processes, that may impair health and performance of cows. We evaluated the effect of exposure to different concentrations of pollutants derived from steel manufacturing on blood redox homeostasis of bovine cows. We analyzed two groups of dairy cows (A, B), reared in two different polluted areas, and a control group of cows bred in an industry free area. The extent of exposure to contaminants was defined by measuring dioxin level in bulk milk samples collected from animals of each farm. This level was lower in milk of group A than in group B. Plasma concentrations of retinol, alpha-tocopherol and ascorbate, the total antioxidant capacity, and the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were higher in control group than in exposed groups. In particular, retinol and tocopherol levels were higher in the group with lower milk dioxin level. Plasma titers of protein-bound carbonyls (PC), nitro-tyrosine, and hydroperoxides were lower in control group than in A or B. Hydroperoxides and PC plasma concentrations were increased in the group with higher milk concentration of dioxin. Our results demonstrate that, irrespective of the nature of chemicals inducing oxidative modifications, the extent of damage to plasma protein and lipid, is correlated with the concentration of dioxin in milk. So, the characterization of blood redox status might be a useful tool for identifying animals exposed to environmental pollutants. Plasma concentrations of retinol, alpha-tocopherol, PC and hydroperoxides could therefore represent good indices of the extent of animal exposure, as they significantly change in groups with different milk concentrations of dioxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stefania Spagnuolo
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Animal Production Systems in Mediterranean Environments (ISPAAM), via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy.
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Rezvanfar M, Rezvanfar M, Ahmadi A, Shojaei-Saadi H, Baeeri M, Abdollahi M. Molecular mechanisms of a novel selenium-based complementary medicine which confers protection against hyperandrogenism-induced polycystic ovary. Theriogenology 2012; 78:620-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Investigation of postpartum dairy cows' uterine microbial diversity using metagenomic pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Vet Microbiol 2012; 159:460-9. [PMID: 22595139 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was the use of metagenomic pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene for the investigation of postpartum dairy cows' uterine bacterial diversity. The effect of subcutaneous supplementation of a trace mineral supplement containing Zn, Mn, Se, and Cu (Multimin North America, Inc., Fort Collins, CO) at 230 days of gestation and 260 days of gestation on dairy cows' uterine microbiota was also evaluated. Uterine lavage samples were collected at 35 DIM and were visually scored for the presence of purulent or mucopurulent secretion. The same samples were also used for the acquisition of bacterial DNA. The 16S rRNA genes were individually amplified from each sample. Pyrosequencing of the samples was carried at the Cornell University Life Sciences Core Laboratories Center using Roche 454 GS-FLX System Titanium Chemistry. The Ribosomal Database Project online tools were used for the analysis of the obtained sequences library. Bacteroides spp., Ureaplasma spp., Fusobacterium spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Sneathia spp., Prevotella spp. and Arcanobacterium spp. prevalence was significantly (P<0.05) higher in samples derived from cows that had a higher uterine lavage sample score. Bacteroides spp., Ureaplasma spp., Fusobacterium spp., and Arcanobacterium spp. prevalence was significantly (P<0.05) higher in samples derived from cows that were not pregnant by 200 DIM. Anaerococcus spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Parabacteroides spp., and Propionibacterium spp. prevalence was significantly (P<0.05) lower in samples derived from cows that were trace mineral supplemented.
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Celi P. Oxidative Stress in Ruminants. OXIDATIVE STRESS IN APPLIED BASIC RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-071-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kumar S, Pandey A, Razzaque W, Dwivedi D. Importance of micro minerals in reproductive performance of livestock. Vet World 2011. [DOI: 10.5455/vetworld.2011.230-233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Horn M, Gunn P, Van Emon M, Lemenager R, Burgess J, Pyatt NA, Lake SL. Effects of natural (RRR alpha-tocopherol acetate) or synthetic (all-rac alpha-tocopherol acetate) vitamin E supplementation on reproductive efficiency in beef cows. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:3121-7. [PMID: 20495121 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-1807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to determine the effects of natural- or synthetic-source vitamin E on reproductive efficiency in Angus-cross beef cows. In Exp. 1, one hundred fifty-two cows were fed hay and corn silage based diet and assigned to 1 of 3 dietary supplements (3 pens/treatment): 1) containing no additional vitamin E (CON), 2) formulated to provide 1,000 IU x d(-1) of synthetic-source vitamin E (SYN; all-rac or dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate), or 3) formulated to provide 1,000 IU x d(-1) of natural-source vitamin E (NAT; RRR or D-alpha-tocopherol acetate). In Exp. 2, seventy-five cows (2 reps/treatment) were assigned to similar treatments as Exp. 1; however, a vitamin-mineral supplement was offered for ad libitum intake and vitamin intake was calculated from predicted mineral intakes. Cows grazed pastures rather than being fed hay and corn silage as in Exp. 1. In Exp. 1 and 2, supplementation began 6 wk prepartum and continued until initiation of the breeding season. Blood samples were collected at calving (Exp. 1) or breeding (Exp. 2) to determine alpha-tocopherol concentration and weekly beginning 4 wk postpartum (Exp. 1) or 7 and 14 d before estrus synchronization (Exp. 2) to determine return to estrus via progesterone concentration. Cows were synchronized and bred by AI based on heat detection; nonresponding cows were time bred (AI) 66 h after PGF(2 alpha) injection, and cows returning to estrus after AI were bred by natural service. In Exp. 1, cows supplemented with NAT and SYN had greater (P < 0.001) serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol at calving compared with CON cows. Dietary supplement did not affect (P >or= 0.55) the percentage of cows cycling before synchronization or the number of days to return to estrus by cows that resumed estrus before synchronization. Cows supplemented with SYN tended to have greater first service conception rates compared with CON and NAT (P = 0.09); however, first plus second services combined and overall conception rates were not affected (P >or= 0.23). In Exp. 2, NAT cows had greater (P = 0.002) concentrations of alpha-tocopherol at breeding, whereas there was no difference (P > 0.05) between SYN and CON. Supplementation of SYN or NAT did not affect (P >or= 0.17) days to resumption of estrus before breeding, first service, first plus second services combined, or overall conception rates. These data suggest that supplementation of SYN or NAT source vitamin E increased alpha-tocopherol concentration in cows; however, effects on reproductive efficiency are minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Horn
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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35
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Dimri U, Ranjan R, Sharma MC, Varshney VP. Effect of vitamin E and selenium supplementation on oxidative stress indices and cortisol level in blood in water buffaloes during pregnancy and early postpartum period. Trop Anim Health Prod 2009; 42:405-10. [PMID: 19763870 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-009-9434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a physiology state accompanied by high energy and oxygen demand that may lead to increased level of oxidative stress and development of metabolic and reproductive disorders in pregnant water buffaloes. In the present study, the alterations in serum cortisol and erythrocyte lipid peroxides and superoxide dismutase activities were examined in 28 pregnant water buffaloes supplemented with antioxidant nutrients, Vitamin E and selenium. Another 14 buffaloes did not receive any treatment during pregnancy to serve as negative control. Results of the present study suggested that pregnancy is associated with oxidative stress and supplementation of vitamin E and selenium may be beneficial by alleviating oxidative stress in water buffaloes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Dimri
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122 Uttar Pradesh, India.
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36
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Impact of oxidative stress on the health and immune function of dairy cattle. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009; 128:104-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.10.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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37
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Moeini MM, Karami H, Mikaeili E. Effect of selenium and vitamin E supplementation during the late pregnancy on reproductive indices and milk production in heifers. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 114:109-14. [PMID: 18990516 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2008] [Revised: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A trial was performed to determine the effects of supplementation of selenium (Se) and vitamin E (VE) on reproductive indices and milk production in Holstein heifers. Sixty heifers at the late stage of gestation were randomly assigned into three groups. Heifers were balanced for age, weight and time of calving. Four and 2 weeks before expected calving the heifers were injected 0 ml (C), 20 ml (T1), and 40 ml (T2) Se and VE supplements. Each ml contained 0.5mg Se and 50 IU of D, L-alpha-tocopheryl acetate. Blood samples were collected from heifers 4 weeks before expected calving and at calving day. Se concentrations in serum and colostrums were measured. The reproductive parameters were recorded. The effects of Se and VE supplements on somatic cell count (SCC) and milk yield also were measured. Supplementation of Se increased the level of Se in serum of treated heifers at calving day (P<0.05). Se concentration of colostrums were affected by the treatments (P<0.05). Concerning reproductive performance of treated heifers; gestation length was similar among groups but in comparison with controls, T1 and T2 had no incidence of retained fetal membrane (i.e., beyond 12h.). In addition, open days were fewer in T1 and T2 heifers and the number of services per conception was fewer in T2 compared with controls (P>0.05). Daily milk production at 8 weeks lactation was significantly increased in T2 compared with controls (P<0.05). Likewise, the milk SCC decreased in treated heifers compared with controls (P<0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Moeini
- Razi University, College of Agriculture, Kermanshah, Iran.
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38
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Sales JNS, Dias LMK, Viveiros ATM, Pereira MN, Souza JC. Embryo production and quality of Holstein heifers and cows supplemented with β-carotene and tocopherol. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 106:77-89. [PMID: 17485181 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2006] [Accepted: 04/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis was that the intramuscular injection (i.m.) of beta-carotene associated to tocopherol improves cow (n=86) and heifer (n=91) embryo production and quality. Time of estrus was synchronized in animals with an ear implant with 3 mg of norgestomet associated with an i.m. injection of 6 mg of norgestomet and 10mg of estradiol valerate (CRESTAR, Intervert International B.V., Boxmeer, Holland) and superovulated by 8 i.m. FSH/LHp injections (400 IU-heifers and 500 IU-cows) in decreasing concentrations at 12h intervals. Animals were inseminated 12 and 24h after observed onset of estrus and embryos recovered 7 days later. Animals were randomly allocated to one of three treatments: (1) vegetable oil vehicle (control), (2) 800 mg of beta-carotene and 500 mg of tocopherol (T800) and (3) 1200 mg of beta-carotene and 750 mg of tocopherol (T1200). Supplemental injections were given at the day norgestomet implants were inserted and at first superovulatory injection. An index (Embryo Quality Index or EQI) was proposed to more precisely evaluate embryo quality (excellent*1 + good*2 + regular*3 + poor*4 + degenerate*5 + unfertilized ova*5)/total. There was an interaction between physiological stage (heifer or cow) and treatment on EQI (P=0.01) and on the proportion of viable embryos (P=0.03), where both variables were improved in T1200 cows, but not in heifers. The average EQI for heifers and cows in control, T800 and T1200 were 2.6+/-0.3 and 3.6+/-0.3; 2.5+/-0.3 and 3.6+/-0.3; 2.9+/-0.3 and 2.7+/-0.3, respectively. The average total number of viable embryos was greater (P=0.01) in supplemented cows (3.5+/-1.1; 5.4+/-1.4 and 7.5+/-1.2 in control, T800 and T1200, respectively), but less (P=0.01) in heifers (7.5+/-1.2; 5.6+/-1.2 and 4.0+/-1.1 in control, T800 and T1200, respectively). Supplementation injections of beta-carotene associated to tocopherol improved embryo quality in superovulated Holstein cows, in the present experimental conditions and may be advantageous in similar embryo production systems. However, at dosages applied in the present experiment, this treatment should not be recommended for nulliparous heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N S Sales
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras-MG, Brazil
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39
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AOKI M, OSHITA T, SAKAGUCHI M. The Comparison of Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) Concentrations in Plasma and Serum from Dairy Cattle. J Vet Med Sci 2008; 70:107-10. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.70.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mari AOKI
- Research Team for Dairy Production Using Regional Feed Resources, National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region
| | - Tomoko OSHITA
- Research Team for Dairy Production Using Regional Feed Resources, National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region
| | - Minoru SAKAGUCHI
- Intensive Grazing Research Team, National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region
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40
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Effect of dietary selenium deficiency on the in vitro fertilizing ability of mice spermatozoa. Cell Biol Toxicol 2007; 24:321-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-007-9044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2007] [Accepted: 10/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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41
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Bourne N, Laven R, Wathes DC, Martinez T, McGowan M. A meta-analysis of the effects of Vitamin E supplementation on the incidence of retained foetal membranes in dairy cows. Theriogenology 2007; 67:494-501. [PMID: 17007917 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2006] [Revised: 08/29/2006] [Accepted: 08/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A meta-analysis was performed to consolidate the results of studies which have evaluated the effects of Vitamin E supplementation during the dry period on the risk of retained foetal membranes (RFM) in the dairy cow. Twenty studies demonstrated a beneficial response to Vitamin E whilst 21 found no benefit and 3 reported an increase in the incidence of RFM in treated cows. The odds ratios (OR) of the available studies exhibited significant heterogeneity, so multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to enable the identification of factors associated with the response to Vitamin E supplementation. Our multivariable analysis included parity and Vitamin E supplementation (control/treated) in the model, because all other factors were co-linear. Results indicated that Vitamin E supplementation led to a reduction in the incidence of RFM. A second multivariable analysis was undertaken on a subset of the data including only supplemented cows to determine the influence of supplementation factors on the risk of RFM. All factors were co-linear with each other, therefore, only type of Vitamin E supplementation was included in this analysis. The regression model demonstrated that administration of the synthetic Vitamin E alpha-tocopheryl acetate was associated with a lower risk of RFM than treatment with natural Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) (P=0.047, OR=0.49), whereas the difference between the synthetic Vitamin E alpha-tocopherol acetate and natural Vitamin E just failed to attain statistical significance (P=0.059, OR=0.53). Overall the analyses indicate that Vitamin E supplementation during the dry period is associated with a reduced risk of RFM, and that the synthetic forms of Vitamin E are more effective than the natural compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bourne
- Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK.
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42
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Kommisrud E, Osterås O, Vatn T. Blood selenium associated with health and fertility in Norwegian dairy herds. Acta Vet Scand 2006; 46:229-40. [PMID: 16398334 PMCID: PMC1618966 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-46-229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A survey of blood selenium (Se) concentrations in Norwegian Red heifers and dry period cows was conducted to reveal possible association to management, feeding, health and fertility. Selenium contents were determined in 254 herd blood samples consisting of pooled samples from individual non-lactating animals from herds in 5 counties. The Se concentrations showed a normal distribution with mean 0.09 μg Se/g blood, with a standard deviation (SD) of 0.05, and ranged from 0.02 to 0.23 μg/g, with 50 % of the samples being between 0.06 and 0.11 μg/g. The herds with Se concentrations below 0.06 μg/g were smaller (21.4 ± 8.7 cow-years) than those with Se levels above 0.11 μg/g (27.5 ± 14.1 cow-years) (P < 0.01), but there were no differences in milk yield, incidence of replacement, proportion of animal culling, amount of concentrate or grass silage as percentage of energy consumption between the groups. Treatment registration records showed a tendency that more animals in the low Se herds were treated for all the diseases included in this investigation (64.8 animals per 100 cow-years) than those in the high Se herds (57.5 per 100 cow-years), while no such differences were revealed for individual disorders. There was, however, a significant difference in bulk milk somatic cell counts (BMSCC) between low and high Se herds, their values being 137 000 and 155 000 cells/ml, respectively. This difference was significantly influenced by herd size. Furthermore, a total of 4 916 lactations were analyzed from individual health and fertility recordings, including 2 934 first lactations and 1 982 later lactations. The present study revealed a reduced incidence of disease treatment with increased Se concentrations from 0.02 to 0.23 μg Se/g blood. In this regard, there seemed to be an optimum of 0.10 to 0.15 μg Se/g for all types of mastitis treatments summarized, and for treatment of retained placenta. Thus, herd Se concentrations below and above these values was connected with increased probability for sum mastitis and retained placenta, reflecting the effect of the quadratic term of Se. The cow (composite) milk somatic cell count (SCC) was lower in lactations from low Se herds than in high Se herds with a marked SCC increase in the Se concentration interval from 0.11–0.13 μg/g blood. In conclusion, heifers and dry period cows in Norway are low in blood Se content and there seems to be a positive association between increased blood Se concentration pre partum and decreased incidence of mastitis, ovarian cysts and anoestrus/silent oestrus post partum.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kommisrud
- Geno Breeding and AI Association, Hamar, Norway.
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Turk R, Juretić D, Geres D, Turk N, Rekić B, Simeon-Rudolf V, Robić M, Svetina A. Serum paraoxonase activity in dairy cows during pregnancy. Res Vet Sci 2005; 79:15-8. [PMID: 15894019 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2004.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2004] [Revised: 09/22/2004] [Accepted: 09/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Preparturient dairy cows are at high risk of metabolic and reproductive disorders and oxidative stress is considered to be involved in these events. We investigated the serum paraoxonase activity in dairy cows during pregnancy and alterations in lipid and lipoprotein patterns in this period. The relation between paraoxonase activity and HDL-cholesterol concentration was also compared. The study was carried out on 76 pregnant lactating and 26 pregnant dry Holstein dairy cows. The serum paraoxonase activity was determined by the method of hydrolysing of paraoxon, while triglyceride, cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations were measured by the enzymatic kit methods. A significantly higher serum triglyceride concentration (P<0.001) was observed in dry cows compared to lactating cows. The total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower (P<0.001) in dry cows than in lactating ones. In dry cows, paraoxonase activity was significantly lower than in those lactating (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in paraoxonase/HDL-cholesterol ratio between the investigated groups. It seems that the lower HDL concentration could be one of the causes of reduced paraoxonase activity considering the role of HDL as a carrier of most paraoxonase molecules in the blood. A decreased serum paraoxonase activity could diminish the effectiveness and total capacity of the whole antioxidative system during prepartum period in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Turk
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty Veterinary of Medicine, University of Zagreb, P.O. Box 466, Zagreb 10002, Croatia.
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Bernabucci U, Ronchi B, Lacetera N, Nardone A. Influence of Body Condition Score on Relationships Between Metabolic Status and Oxidative Stress in Periparturient Dairy Cows. J Dairy Sci 2005; 88:2017-26. [PMID: 15905432 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(05)72878-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-four dairy cows were monitored during the transition period. We observed changes of oxidative status and relationships between oxidative and metabolic status. Body condition score (BCS) of the 24 animals at the beginning of the trial (30.4 +/- 2 d before expected calving) was between 2.0 and 3.6. The BCS was recorded and blood samples were collected weekly during the last 30 d of pregnancy and the first 30 DIM. Plasma samples were analyzed to determine indices of oxidative status: reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM); thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS); thiol groups (SH); glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and indices of energy metabolism: glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and nonesterified fatty acids. In erythrocytes we determined indices of oxidative status: GSH-Px, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and intracellular SH. Before calving, cows showed an increase of plasma SH, SOD, and GSH-Px, a decrease of erythrocyte GSH-Px and plasma ROM, and no changes in erythrocyte SH. After calving, cows showed a decrease of plasma and erythrocyte SH and SOD, and an increase of ROM, TBARS, and plasma GSH-Px. Cows with higher BCS at the beginning of the trial and greater loss of BCS after calving, had higher plasma ROM, TBARS, and SH, and lower SOD and erythrocyte SH in the postpartum period. Oxidative status of dairy cows was related to energy status. Cows with higher BHBA and NEFA showed higher ROM and TBARS and lower levels of antioxidants. Results of the present study demonstrated that cows can experience oxidative stress during the peripartum period, and cows with higher BCS and greater BCS losses are more sensitive to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Bernabucci
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università della Tuscia, via C. De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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Gupta S, Kumar H, Gupta HK, Soni J. Effect of Vitamin E and selenium supplementation on concentrations of plasma cortisol and erythrocyte lipid peroxides and the incidence of retained fetal membranes in crossbred dairy cattle. Theriogenology 2005; 64:1273-86. [PMID: 16139604 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2004] [Accepted: 11/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objectives were to: (i) determine the effect of prepartum supplementation of Vitamin E (Vit E) and selenium (Se) on plasma cortisol, erythrocyte peroxidation and the incidence of retained fetal membranes (RFM); (ii) estimate myeloperoxidase (MPO), lysozyme, elastase, and acid phosphatase (ACP) enzyme activities in the cotyledons of cows with or without RFM; and (iii) determine the molecular weight (SDS-PAGE) of proteins present in the cotyledons of cows with or without RFM. Fifty dairy (Friesian x Sahiwal) cows were equally allocated to one of two treatments, given as an im injection 3 week before calving: 1100 IU of DL alpha-tocopherol acetate (Vit E) and 30 mg of sodium selenite (Se), or saline (control). Concentrations of plasma cortisol (20 cows) were determined on days 21, 7, 3, 2, 1, and 0 prepartum, and erythrocyte lipid peroxide (all cows) was determined on days 21 and 7 prepartum. Treatment with Vit E and Se did not affect (P = 0.23) the incidence of RFM (12% versus 0%, respectively) but decreased (P < 0.05) erythrocyte lipid peroxide concentrations on day 7 prepartum compared with day 21 prepartum. Plasma cortisol concentration increased (P < 0.05) from day 21 prepartum to the day of parturition in Vit E+Se and control cows. However, on day 0, plasma cortisol concentrations were lower (P<0.05) in cows given Vit E+Se than in control cows (with or without RFM). To investigate enzyme activity and peptides in cotyledons, cotyledons were collected (from cows that were not part of the principal experiment), homogenised with PBS, and the supernatant used for the estimation of cationic peptides. Cotyledons of cows with RFM (n = 8) had lower (P < 0.01) MPO and greater (P < 0.05) lysozyme and ACP enzyme activities than those from non-RFM cows (n = 6). A band at <10 kDa in the SDS-PAGE indicated the presence of cationic peptides. In conclusion, a single treatment of Vit E and Se at 3-week prepartum reduced concentrations of plasma cortisol and erythrocyte peroxide. Altered enzyme activities in the fetal membranes indicated the involvement of leukocytes and trauma at the fetomaternal junction and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Gupta
- Animal Reproduction Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Vanegas J, Reynolds J, Atwill E. Effects of an Injectable Trace Mineral Supplement on First-Service Conception Rate of Dairy Cows. J Dairy Sci 2004; 87:3665-71. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(04)73505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Black DH, French NP. Effects of three types of trace element supplementation on the fertility of three commercial dairy herds. Vet Rec 2004; 154:652-8. [PMID: 15198313 DOI: 10.1136/vr.154.21.652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The effects on the fertility of three commercial dairy herds of three types of copper- and selenium-containing mineral supplements was investigated. As the cows on each farm were dried off they were allocated to one of three treatment groups, and treated with either subcutaneous injections of copper and selenium, or two matrix intraruminal trace element boluses, or two glass intraruminal trace element boluses. When the data from the 406 cows on the three farms were combined, there was a significant difference between the conception rates of the three groups (P < 0.001). The cows treated with the glass boluses conceived at a rate 1.8 times greater than those treated by injection (P < 0.001), and at a rate 1.5 times greater than those treated with matrix boluses (P = 0.002). These differences were associated with a significantly higher likelihood of service resulting in a conception in the group treated with glass boluses than in the group treated by injection (P = 0.004). After adjusting for time from calving, time from treatment, time of year and farm, there was a significant (P = 0.012) difference in glutathione peroxidase activities between the treatments, with the group treated by injection having a significantly lower activity than the groups treated with boluses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Black
- Paragon Veterinary Group, Carlisle House, Townhead Road, Dalston, Carlisle CA5 7JF
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Paula-Lopes FF, Al-Katanani YM, Majewski AC, McDowell LR, Hansen PJ. Manipulation of antioxidant status fails to improve fertility of lactating cows or survival of heat-shocked embryos. J Dairy Sci 2003; 86:2343-51. [PMID: 12906051 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(03)73827-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Experiments were conducted to test whether enhancement of antioxidant status could improve fertility and milk yield in dairy cows and resistance of cultured embryos to heat shock. Three experiments in three herds were performed to evaluate the effect of multiple intramuscular injections of 500 mg of vitamin E and 50 mg of selenium at 8 to 21 d before expected calving and at 30 and 80 d postpartum on reproduction of lactating Holstein cows. Vitamin E and selenium injections did not improve reproductive function or milk yield in any of the studies. The predicted 305-d milk yield (averages of least-squares means across treatments) were: 9478, 7073, and 10,204 kg projected 305-d milk for experiments 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Percentages of cows pregnant at first service were 30, 16, and 24% in experiments 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Three studies were performed to test whether vitamin E improved development of cultured bovine embryos exposed to heat shock. Heat shock of 41 degrees C at the two-cell stage reduced development to the blastocyst stage, but culture with 100 microM vitamin E did not reduce effects of heat shock on impaired development. For example, 9 h at 41 degrees C reduced blastocyst development from 51.2 +/- 3.3% to 3.4 +/- 3.3% in the absence of vitamin E and from 54.0 +/- 3.3% to 5.2 +/- 3.3% in the presence of vitamin E. Development of morulae to the blastocyst stage was not compromised by culture at 41 degrees C for 9 h. Additionally, there was no overall effect of vitamin E on morula development. In conclusion, multiple injections of vitamin E and selenium at the administered levels did not improve postpartum fertility nor milk yield of lactating Holstein cows in three different herds, and there was no direct thermoprotective effect of vitamin E for cultured, heat-shocked embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- F F Paula-Lopes
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0910, USA
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