1
|
Saivish MV, Nogueira ML, Rossi SL, Vasilakis N. Exploring Iguape Virus-A Lesser-Known Orthoflavivirus. Viruses 2024; 16:960. [PMID: 38932252 PMCID: PMC11209261 DOI: 10.3390/v16060960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Brazil has earned the moniker "arbovirus hotspot", providing an ideal breeding ground for a multitude of arboviruses thriving in various zoonotic and urban cycles. As the planet warms and vectors expand their habitat range, a nuanced understanding of lesser-known arboviruses and the factors that could drive their emergence becomes imperative. Among these viruses is the Iguape virus (IGUV), a member of the Orthoflavivirus aroaense species, which was first isolated in 1979 from a sentinel mouse in the municipality of Iguape, within the Vale do Ribeira region of São Paulo State. While evidence suggests that IGUV circulates among birds, wild rodents, marsupials, bats, and domestic birds, there is no information available on its pathogenesis in both humans and animals. The existing literature on IGUV spans decades, is outdated, and is often challenging to access. In this review, we have curated information from the known literature, clarifying its elusive nature and investigating the factors that may influence its emergence. As an orthoflavivirus, IGUV poses a potential threat, which demands our attention and vigilance, considering the serious outbreaks that the Zika virus, another neglected orthoflavivirus, has unleashed in the recent past.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marielena V. Saivish
- Laboratórios de Pesquisas em Virologia, Departamento de Doenças Dermatológicas, Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (M.V.S.); (M.L.N.)
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, SP, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA;
| | - Maurício L. Nogueira
- Laboratórios de Pesquisas em Virologia, Departamento de Doenças Dermatológicas, Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (M.V.S.); (M.L.N.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA;
| | - Shannan L. Rossi
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA;
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0610, USA
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA;
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0610, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Beranek M, Torres C, Laurito M, Farías A, Contigiani M, Almirón W, Diaz A. Emergence of genotype III St. Louis encephalitis virus in the western United States potentially linked to a wetland in Argentina. Acta Trop 2024; 250:107088. [PMID: 38043673 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is endemic in the Americas and its transmission networks involve Culex mosquitoes and avian species. In 2015, a human encephalitis outbreak took place in Arizona and California, indicating the re-emergence of this pathogen in the US. Viral strains isolated in that outbreak belong to genotype III SLEV previously detected only in South America. In this study, genotype III SLEV was detected in mosquitoes collected in Mar Chiquita Lagoon (Córdoba, Argentina), an overwintering site for numerous migratory bird species. The genotype III SLEV sequence detected in this site shares the closest known ancestor with those introduced in Arizona in 2015. Our results highlight the potential significance of wetlands as key sites for arbovirus maintenance and emergence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Beranek
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J.M. Vanella," Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Carolina Torres
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigación Científica y Técnica (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Magdalena Laurito
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de Chilecito, Chilecito, La Rioja 5360, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigación Científica y Técnica (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Adrián Farías
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J.M. Vanella," Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Marta Contigiani
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J.M. Vanella," Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Walter Almirón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigación Científica y Técnica (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Adrián Diaz
- Instituto de Virología "Dr. J.M. Vanella," Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigación Científica y Técnica (CONICET), Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Estofolete CF, Versiani AF, Dourado FS, Milhim BHGA, Pacca CC, Silva GCD, Zini N, dos Santos BF, Gandolfi FA, Mistrão NFB, Garcia PHC, Rocha RS, Gehrke L, Bosch I, Marques RE, Teixeira MM, da Fonseca FG, Vasilakis N, Nogueira ML. Influence of previous Zika virus infection on acute dengue episode. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011710. [PMID: 37943879 PMCID: PMC10662752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The co-circulation of flaviviruses in tropical regions has led to the hypothesis that immunity generated by a previous dengue infection could promote severe disease outcomes in subsequent infections by heterologous serotypes. This study investigated the influence of antibodies generated by previous Zika infection on the clinical outcomes of dengue infection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We enrolled 1,043 laboratory confirmed dengue patients and investigated their prior infection to Zika or dengue. Severe forms of dengue disease were more frequent in patients with previous Zika infection, but not in those previously exposed to dengue. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that previous Zika infection may represent a risk factor for subsequent severe dengue disease, but we did not find evidence of antibody-dependent enhancement (higher viral titer or pro-inflammatory cytokine overexpression) contributing to exacerbation of the subsequent dengue infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassia F. Estofolete
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alice F. Versiani
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Fernanda S. Dourado
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno H. G. A. Milhim
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina C. Pacca
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gislaine C. D. Silva
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Zini
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Barbara F. dos Santos
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flora A. Gandolfi
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia F. B. Mistrão
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro H. C. Garcia
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S. Rocha
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lee Gehrke
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Irene Bosch
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rafael E. Marques
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM); Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro M. Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flavio G. da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Centro de Tecnoogia em Vacinas da UFMG, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Maurício L. Nogueira
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
de Figueiredo MLG, Williams EP, Jonsson CB, Khan MJ, Nunes MRT, de Lima CPS, Figueiredo LTM, Costa MRF, Mourão MPG, Lacerda MVG, Aquino VH. Screening of febrile patients with suspected malaria from the Brazilian Amazon for virus infection. Arch Virol 2022; 167:2151-2162. [PMID: 35841448 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05514-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are a significant public health threat, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. More than 150 arboviruses can cause febrile illness following infection in humans. The Brazilian Amazon region has the highest number of arboviruses detected worldwide. In addition to arboviruses, malaria, caused by Plasmodium vivax, is endemic in the Amazon. Patients with malaria and arboviral disease frequently show similar clinical presentation and laboratory findings, making the diagnosis of the cause of the infection challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for viral infections in patients with suspected malaria but without Plasmodium infection in the Brazilian Amazon. We recruited 200 subjects with suspected malaria in Manaus, Brazil. First, we tested for arboviruses in serum samples from 124 of the 200 participants using an arbovirus DNA microarray platform, which did not detect any virus. Then, we mixed the serum samples of the other 76 participants in 10 pools and subjected them to next-generation sequencing. Analysis of the sequencing data revealed the presence of only one arbovirus (Zika virus) in one sample pool. This analysis also detected the presence of primate erythroparvovirus 1 and pegivirus C. These results suggest that arboviruses are not the most frequent viral infections in patients with suspected malaria but without Plasmodium infection in the metropolitan region of Manaus. Implementation of specific viral surveillance tests will help in the early detection of viruses with epidemic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Luis Garcia de Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evan P Williams
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Colleen B Jonsson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mohd Jaseem Khan
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiz Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, Virology Research Center, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Paula Gomes Mourão
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Guimarães Lacerda
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
- Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane (FIOCRUZ-Amazonas), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Victor Hugo Aquino
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Milhim BHGA, da Rocha LC, Terzian ACB, Mazaro CCP, Augusto MT, Luchs A, Zini N, Sacchetto L, dos Santos BF, Garcia PHC, Rocha RS, Liso E, Brienze VMS, da Silva GCD, Vasilakis N, Estofolete CF, Nogueira ML. Arboviral Infections in Neurological Disorders in Hospitalized Patients in São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. Viruses 2022; 14:1488. [PMID: 35891468 PMCID: PMC9323204 DOI: 10.3390/v14071488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Arbovirus infections are increasingly important causes of disease, whose spectrum of neurological manifestations are not fully known. This study sought to retrospectively assess the incidence of arboviruses in cerebrospinal fluid samples of patients with neurological symptoms to inform diagnosis of central and peripheral nervous system disorders. A total of 255 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected from January 2016 to December 2017 were tested for dengue virus (DENV 1-4), Zika virus (ZIKV), and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in addition to other neurotropic arboviruses of interest, using genetic and serologic assays. Of the 255 CSF samples analyzed, 3.53% (09/255) were positive for arboviruses presenting mainly as meningitis, encephalitis, and cerebrovascular events, of which ZIKV was detected in 2.74% (7/255), DENV in 0.78% (2/255), in addition to an identified ILHV infection that was described previously. All the cases were detected in adults aged 18 to 74 years old. Our findings highlight the scientific and clinical importance of neurological syndromes associated with arboviruses and demonstrate the relevance of specific laboratory methods to achieve accurate diagnoses as well as highlight the true dimension of these diseases to ultimately improve public health planning and medical case management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno H. G. A. Milhim
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia [LPV], Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto [FAMERP], Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544, Vila São Jose, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.); (C.C.P.M.); (M.T.A.); (N.Z.); (L.S.); (B.F.d.S.); (P.H.C.G.); (R.S.R.); (G.C.D.d.S.); (C.F.E.)
| | - Leonardo C. da Rocha
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia [LPV], Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto [FAMERP], Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544, Vila São Jose, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.); (C.C.P.M.); (M.T.A.); (N.Z.); (L.S.); (B.F.d.S.); (P.H.C.G.); (R.S.R.); (G.C.D.d.S.); (C.F.E.)
| | - Ana C. B. Terzian
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia [LPV], Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto [FAMERP], Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544, Vila São Jose, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.); (C.C.P.M.); (M.T.A.); (N.Z.); (L.S.); (B.F.d.S.); (P.H.C.G.); (R.S.R.); (G.C.D.d.S.); (C.F.E.)
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular (LICM), Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715, Centro, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, MG, Brazil
- Instituto René Rachou Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715, Centro, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, MG, Brazil
| | - Carolina C. P. Mazaro
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia [LPV], Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto [FAMERP], Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544, Vila São Jose, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.); (C.C.P.M.); (M.T.A.); (N.Z.); (L.S.); (B.F.d.S.); (P.H.C.G.); (R.S.R.); (G.C.D.d.S.); (C.F.E.)
| | - Marcos T. Augusto
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia [LPV], Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto [FAMERP], Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544, Vila São Jose, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.); (C.C.P.M.); (M.T.A.); (N.Z.); (L.S.); (B.F.d.S.); (P.H.C.G.); (R.S.R.); (G.C.D.d.S.); (C.F.E.)
| | - Adriana Luchs
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Department of Virology, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 355, São Paulo 01246-902, SP, Brazil;
| | - Nathalia Zini
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia [LPV], Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto [FAMERP], Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544, Vila São Jose, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.); (C.C.P.M.); (M.T.A.); (N.Z.); (L.S.); (B.F.d.S.); (P.H.C.G.); (R.S.R.); (G.C.D.d.S.); (C.F.E.)
| | - Livia Sacchetto
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia [LPV], Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto [FAMERP], Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544, Vila São Jose, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.); (C.C.P.M.); (M.T.A.); (N.Z.); (L.S.); (B.F.d.S.); (P.H.C.G.); (R.S.R.); (G.C.D.d.S.); (C.F.E.)
| | - Barbara F. dos Santos
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia [LPV], Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto [FAMERP], Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544, Vila São Jose, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.); (C.C.P.M.); (M.T.A.); (N.Z.); (L.S.); (B.F.d.S.); (P.H.C.G.); (R.S.R.); (G.C.D.d.S.); (C.F.E.)
| | - Pedro H. C. Garcia
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia [LPV], Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto [FAMERP], Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544, Vila São Jose, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.); (C.C.P.M.); (M.T.A.); (N.Z.); (L.S.); (B.F.d.S.); (P.H.C.G.); (R.S.R.); (G.C.D.d.S.); (C.F.E.)
| | - Rodrigo S. Rocha
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia [LPV], Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto [FAMERP], Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544, Vila São Jose, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.); (C.C.P.M.); (M.T.A.); (N.Z.); (L.S.); (B.F.d.S.); (P.H.C.G.); (R.S.R.); (G.C.D.d.S.); (C.F.E.)
| | - Elisabete Liso
- Hospital de Base, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544-Vila São Jose, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (E.L.); (V.M.S.B.)
| | - Vânia M. S. Brienze
- Hospital de Base, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544-Vila São Jose, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (E.L.); (V.M.S.B.)
| | - Gislaine C. D. da Silva
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia [LPV], Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto [FAMERP], Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544, Vila São Jose, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.); (C.C.P.M.); (M.T.A.); (N.Z.); (L.S.); (B.F.d.S.); (P.H.C.G.); (R.S.R.); (G.C.D.d.S.); (C.F.E.)
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA;
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1150, USA
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0610, USA
| | - Cássia F. Estofolete
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia [LPV], Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto [FAMERP], Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544, Vila São Jose, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.); (C.C.P.M.); (M.T.A.); (N.Z.); (L.S.); (B.F.d.S.); (P.H.C.G.); (R.S.R.); (G.C.D.d.S.); (C.F.E.)
| | - Maurício L. Nogueira
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia [LPV], Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto [FAMERP], Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544, Vila São Jose, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.); (C.C.P.M.); (M.T.A.); (N.Z.); (L.S.); (B.F.d.S.); (P.H.C.G.); (R.S.R.); (G.C.D.d.S.); (C.F.E.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Review of -omics studies on mosquito-borne viruses of the Flavivirus genus. Virus Res 2022; 307:198610. [PMID: 34718046 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Arboviruses are transmitted by arthropods (arthropod-borne virus) which can be mosquitoes or other hematophagous arthropods, in which their life cycle occurs before transmission to other hosts. Arboviruses such as Dengue, Zika, Saint Louis Encephalitis, West Nile, Yellow Fever, Japanese Encephalitis, Rocio and Murray Valley Encephalitis viruses are some of the arboviruses transmitted biologically among vertebrate hosts by blood-taking vectors, mainly Aedes and Culex sp., and are associated with neurological, viscerotropic, and hemorrhagic reemerging diseases, posing as significant health and socioeconomic concern, as they become more and more adaptive to new environments, to arthropods vectors and human hosts. One of the main families that include mosquito-borne viruses is Flaviviridae, and here, we review the case of the Flavivirus genus, which comprises the viruses cited above, using a variety of research approaches published in literature, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, etc., to better understand their structures as well as virus-host interactions, which are essential for development of future antiviral therapies.
Collapse
|
7
|
Rocha RF, Del Sarto JL, Gomes GF, Gonçalves MP, Rachid MA, Smetana JHC, Souza DG, Teixeira MM, Marques RE. Type I interferons are essential while type II interferon is dispensable for protection against St. Louis encephalitis virus infection in the mouse brain. Virulence 2021; 12:244-259. [PMID: 33410731 PMCID: PMC7808420 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1869392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is a neglected mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes severe neurological disease in humans. SLEV replication in the central nervous system (CNS) induces the local production of interferons (IFNs), which are attributed to host protection. The antiviral response to SLEV infection in the CNS is not completely understood, which led us to characterize the roles of IFNs using mouse models of St. Louis encephalitis. We infected mice deficient in type I IFN receptor (ABR-/-) or deficient in Type II IFN (IFNγ-/-) and assessed the contribution of each pathway to disease development. We found that type I and II IFNs play different roles in SLEV infection. Deficiency in type I IFN signaling was associated to an early and increased mortality, uncontrolled SLEV replication and impaired ISG expression, leading to increased proinflammatory cytokine production and brain pathology. Conversely, IFNγ-/- mice were moderately resistant to SLEV infection. IFNγ deficiency caused no changes to viral load or SLEV-induced encephalitis and did not change the expression of ISGs in the brain. We found that type I IFN is essential for the control of SLEV replication whereas type II IFN was not associated with protection in this model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Froes Rocha
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana L. Del Sarto
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Giovanni F. Gomes
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mariana P. Gonçalves
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Milene A. Rachid
- Laboratório de Apoptose, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana H. C. Smetana
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Daniele G. Souza
- Laboratório de Interação Microrganismo-Hospedeiro, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rafael Elias Marques
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Moraes MM, Kubiszeski JR, Vieira CJDSP, Gusmao AF, Pratis TS, Colombo TE, Thies SF, do Carmo Araujo F, Zanelli CF, Milhim BHGDA, da Silva GCD, Nogueira ML, Pacca CC, Bronzoni RVDM, Mondini A. Detection of Saint Louis encephalitis virus in two Brazilian states. J Med Virol 2021; 94:776-781. [PMID: 34664719 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We describe the circulation of Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) in two Brazilian States during outbreaks of Dengue and Zika viruses. We detected the virus in a patient from Araraquara, State of São Paulo, and in patients and in a mosquito pool of Culex quinquefasciatus from Sinop, State of Mato Grosso. Phylogenetic analysis grouped samples from this study within genotype V, which are closely related to other strains that previously circulated in other parts of the country. Genotype V seems to have established circulation in Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marília M Moraes
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Arianne Fagotti Gusmao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Taina Silva Pratis
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana E Colombo
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cleslei F Zanelli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gislaine C D da Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício L Nogueira
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina C Pacca
- Faceres Medical School, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Adriano Mondini
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Detection of Zika virus in urine from randomly tested individuals in Mirassol, Brazil. Infection 2021; 50:149-156. [PMID: 34327616 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-021-01667-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies show that around 80% of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections are asymptomatic. The present study tested urine samples from volunteers, unsuspected of arboviral infection, which attended an emergency care unit (ECU) in Mirassol, Brazil, from March 2018 to April 2019. METHODS The volunteers were divided into two groups. The first group was composed of outpatients who were not suspected to have an arbovirus infection. This first group was subdivided into two subgroups: outpatients with and without arbovirus-like symptoms. The second group consisted of companions of outpatients treated at the ECU. The second group was also subdivided into two subgroups: totally asymptomatic individuals and those who had arbovirus-like symptoms. RNA was extracted from urine samples, followed by RT-qPCR for ZIKV. RESULTS We found that 11% (79/697) of the samples tested positive for ZIKV-RNA. Among the ZIKV-RNA-positive individuals, 16.5% (13/79) were companions, of which 61.5% (8/13) were totally asymptomatic and 38.5% (5/13) reported symptoms that could be suggestive of arbovirus infection. In addition, 83.5% (66/79) of the ZIKV-RNA-positive individuals were outpatients without a clinical diagnosis of arbovirus. Of these undiagnosed ZIKV-RNA-positive outpatients, 47% (31/66) had no arbovirus-related symptoms. CONCLUSION Our study shows the effectiveness of urine as a non-invasive sample to detect the incidence of ZIKV infection. We also highlight the importance of ZIKV molecular diagnosis to aid public health surveillance and prevention of congenital Zika syndrome and other ZIKV-associated diseases.
Collapse
|
10
|
Weber MN, Mosena ACS, Baumbach LF, da Silva MS, Canova R, Dos Santos DRL, Budaszewski RDF, de Oliveira LV, Soane MM, Saraiva NB, Bellucco FT, Mazurek BA, Diehl GN, Gil LHVG, Borba MR, Corbellini LG, Canal CW. Serologic evidence of West Nile virus and Saint Louis encephalitis virus in horses from Southern Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:1021-1027. [PMID: 33797731 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses as West Nile virus (WNV), Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), Ilhéus virus (ILHV), and Rocio virus (ROCV) are previously reported in different Brazilian regions, but studies in Southern Brazil are still scarce. To improve the information regarding flaviviruses in Southern Brazil, horse serum samples were analyzed using RT-qPCR and a commercial ELISA-Ab against WNV followed by PRNT75. All 1000 samples analyzed by real-time RT-PCR resulted negative. The 465 subsampled samples were analyzed by a commercial ELISA-Ab against WNV, and the 18.5% (86/465) positive samples were further analyzed by PRNT75. In the PRNT75, 13/86 and 2/86 horses were positive for SLEV and WNV, respectively. It was observed that 5.8% (13/226) of the farms presented at least one positive animal for SLEV in PRNT75, whereas 0.9% (2/226) for WNV. Apart from the lower seroprevalences identified when compared to data previously reported in other Brazilian regions, our results suggest that public health professionals must be aware of the presence of these potential zoonotic pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus N Weber
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil.
| | - Ana C S Mosena
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia F Baumbach
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana S da Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Raíssa Canova
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Débora R L Dos Santos
- Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renata da F Budaszewski
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Livia V de Oliveira
- Instituto Ageu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Gustavo N Diehl
- Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural do Rio Grande do Sul (SEAPDR-RS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Laura H V G Gil
- Instituto Ageu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Mauro R Borba
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis G Corbellini
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudio W Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Milhim BHGA, Estofolete CF, da Rocha LC, Liso E, Brienze VMS, Vasilakis N, Terzian ACB, Nogueira ML. Fatal Outcome of Ilheus Virus in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of a Patient Diagnosed with Encephalitis. Viruses 2020; 12:v12090957. [PMID: 32872425 PMCID: PMC7552055 DOI: 10.3390/v12090957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ilheus virus is an arbovirus with the potential for central nervous system involvement. Accurate diagnosis is a challenge due to similar clinical symptoms and serologic cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses. Here, we describe the first documented case of a fatal outcome following the identification of Ilheus virus in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a patient with cerebral encephalitis in Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno H. G. A. Milhim
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544 - Vila Sao Jose, 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (C.F.E.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.)
| | - Cássia F. Estofolete
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544 - Vila Sao Jose, 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (C.F.E.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.)
| | - Leonardo C. da Rocha
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544 - Vila Sao Jose, 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (C.F.E.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.)
| | - Elisabete Liso
- Hospital de Base, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544 - Vila Sao Jose, SP 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto, Brazil; (E.L.); (V.M.S.B.)
| | - Vânia M. S. Brienze
- Hospital de Base, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544 - Vila Sao Jose, SP 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto, Brazil; (E.L.); (V.M.S.B.)
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA;
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0610, USA
| | - Ana C. B. Terzian
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544 - Vila Sao Jose, 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (C.F.E.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.)
| | - Maurício L. Nogueira
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5544 - Vila Sao Jose, 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto, Brazil; (B.H.G.A.M.); (C.F.E.); (L.C.d.R.); (A.C.B.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-1798811-0550
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cunha MS, Luchs A, da Costa AC, Ribeiro GDO, Dos Santos FCP, Nogueira JS, Komninakis SV, Marinho RDSS, Witkin SS, Villanova F, Deng X, Sabino EC, Delwart E, Leal É, Nogueira ML, Maiorka PC. Detection and characterization of Ilheus and Iguape virus genomes in historical mosquito samples from Southern Brazil. Acta Trop 2020; 205:105401. [PMID: 32081658 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In Brazil, flaviviruses have caused massive outbreaks. Surveillance programs designed to monitor virus activity in vectors provides a system for mapping disease distribution and for identifying specific vector species for targeted control. The present study aimed to describe the detection, whole genome characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Ilheus virus (ILHV) and Iguape virus (IGUV) strains obtained from historical mosquito's samples. Twelve isolates of pooled mosquito specimens (inoculated in neonate mouse brain) collected in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, in 1993, 1994 and 1997 were investigated. Viral RNA was extracted and analyzed by qRT-PCR using Flavivirus genus-specific primers. Positive samples were sequenced and underwent phylogenetic analyses. Flavivirus was detected in 50% of the specimens. Positive samples were successfully Sanger sequenced. Three Anopholes cruzii pools collected in 1994 were positive for IGUV. One Culex sp. pool, one Anopheles triannulatus pool, and one Coquillettidia juxtamansonia pool, collected in 1994, were positive for ILHV. Metagenomic sequencing successfully characterize one ILHV and four IGUV full genomes, and revealed a high degree of homology between the Brazilian ILHV and IGUV strains and isolates available in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis of partial ILHV NS5 gene revealed three distinct lineages (clades), an indication of genetic heterogeneity in strains circulating in Brazil. Nucleotide insertions and a high-level of nucleotide diversity were observed in the NS1 protein and capsid region of IGUV strains, respectively. Detection of ILHV and IGUV in mosquitoes from Southeastern Brazil confirms the historical circulation of these viruses in this area. Furthermore, this first evidence of ILHV in Anopheles triannulatus suggests the potential importance of Anopheles mosquitoes in the IGUV transmission cycle. Genomic and phylogenetic analysis of these viruses provided insights into their diversity and evolution, which are important for the emergence patterns of flaviviruses and their evolutionary trends in Brazil, an endemic country for several arbovirus. in In-depth studies of ILHV and IGUV including vector competence and molecular studies are needed to shed light on their epidemiology and potential risk of future emergence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Sequetin Cunha
- Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Luchs
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Juliana Silva Nogueira
- Vector-Borne Diseases Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Shirley Vasconcelos Komninakis
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Faculty of Medicine of ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil; Retrovirology Laboratory, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Steven S Witkin
- Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Fabiola Villanova
- Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belém, Brazil
| | - Xutao Deng
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Medicine, LIM/46, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eric Delwart
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Élcio Leal
- Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Para, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo César Maiorka
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Estofolete CF, Milhim BHGDA, França CCGD, Silva GCDD, Augusto MT, Terzian ACB, Zini N, Durigon EL, Oliveira DBL, Massad E, Nogueira ML. Prevalence of Measles Antibodies in São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil: A serological survey model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5179. [PMID: 32198469 PMCID: PMC7083962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Measles is an acute and highly contagious but vaccine-preventable infectious disease. Despite years of being considered eliminated, decreased vaccination rates have produced virus reemergence in several countries, including Brazil. Measles can be controlled through immunization programs, through which aim to achieve 95% coverage with two doses of the vaccine. Measles can also be controlled if suspected cases can be properly identified in order to contain outbreaks. This cross-sectional study determined the prevalence of measles antibodies and their correlation with rubella antibodies (resulting from the combination vaccine used in Brazil's public immunization program) in individuals aged higher 10 years old in São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil, participants of a prospective cohort of arbovirosis surveillance before virus reemergence in the country. Our findings presented that 32.9% of individuals aged 10-40 years old had not antibodies against measles; 39.3% of total individuals with documented evidence of measles vaccination did not have anti-measles IgG, though only 20.2% of individuals with documented evidence of rubella vaccination lacked anti-rubella IgG. Besides, the most of measles cases reported in the city, following the virus spreading in the country, occurred especially in groups defined by us as susceptible. Because the combination MMR vaccine is part of Brazil's national vaccine schedule, the possible reasons for this relatively high rate of seronegativity need to be investigated further, once that it reflects outbreak risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassia Fernanda Estofolete
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia, São José do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), São José, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marcos Tayar Augusto
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia, São José do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), São José, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | | | - Nathalia Zini
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia, São José do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), São José, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Edison Luís Durigon
- Clinical and Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São José, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Daniele Bruna Leal Oliveira
- Clinical and Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São José, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Massad
- School of Applied Mathematics, Getúlio Vargas Foundation (FGV), Rio, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Lacerda Nogueira
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia, São José do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), São José, São Paulo State, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Silent Circulation of the Saint Louis Encephalitis Virus among Humans and Equids, Southeast Brazil. Viruses 2019; 11:v11111029. [PMID: 31694207 PMCID: PMC6893452 DOI: 10.3390/v11111029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that occurs throughout the Americas, and is considered a public health threat. In Brazil, SLEV has been detected from human cases associated with dengue-like disease, but no neurological symptoms were reported. Furthermore, the epidemiology of SLEV in human populations is still poorly explored in the country. We reported serological and molecular detection of SLEV in a healthy population of equids and humans from rural areas in Southeast Brazil. A plaque reduction neutralization test was applied, and neutralizing antibodies were detected in 11 individuals (4.6%) and 60 horses (21.5%). A qPCR targeting the 5′UTR region and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) targeting the non-structural protein (NS5) gene were performed and three individuals tested positive in both assays. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis confirmed SLEV circulation and its findings suggest the occurrence of an asymptomatic or subclinical presence in human and animal cases, correlating with the risks for outbreaks and consequently burden of SLEV infections to public health. Preventive strategies should include improved surveillance in regions with a high probability of SLEV occurrence, improvement in diagnostic methods, and evaluation of exposure/risk factors that can favor SLEV emergence.
Collapse
|
15
|
Fernandes-Charpiot IMM, Estofolete CF, Caldas HC, de Souza GR, da Silva RDCMA, Baptista MASF, Nogueira ML, Abbud-Filho M. Clinical and laboratorial profiles of dengue virus infection in kidney transplant recipients: Report of a single center. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219117. [PMID: 31665142 PMCID: PMC6821097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue infection (DI) is the most important arboviral infection in the world. The majority of immunocompetent patients will have asymptomatic or mild infections, but the degree of dengue severity in kidney transplant recipients (KTx) is unknown. In this study, we report the clinical profile and outcomes of 39 dengue cases in KTx. From a total of 1,186 KTx outpatients in follow-up we reviewed clinical and laboratory records of 60 (5%) patients admitted with suspected DI initially screened by NS-1, IgM, and when possible, multiplex nested PCR. The prevalence of DI in KTx was 3% (39/1,118), with symptoms leading to hospital admission being fever, myalgia, malaise, and headache. Laboratory tests showed leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and liver enzyme elevation. DI was confirmed by positivity of NS-1 (33%), IgM (69%), and/or RT-PCR (59%). Twenty-three patients (59%) had dengue with warning signs, and 15% had severe dengue, 2 of them with a fatal course. Acute graft dysfunction occurred in 59% (mean nadir serum creatinine: 2.9 ± 2.6mg/dL), 4 of them requiring dialysis. CMV coinfection diagnosed in 19% of the cases and patients was associated with worse clinical presentation. Our results suggest that KTx with DI presented initial physical and laboratorial profile similar to the general population. However, DI in KTx seems to have a higher risk for graft dysfunction, severe dengue, and death. Because CMV coinfection aggravates the DI clinical presentation and recovery, it must be evaluated in all cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cassia Fernanda Estofolete
- Laboratory of Research in Virology, Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Cristina Caldas
- Kidney Transplant Unit, Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, FAMERP—Hospital de Base São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Rodrigues de Souza
- Kidney Transplant Unit, Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, FAMERP—Hospital de Base São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Alice Sperto Ferreira Baptista
- Kidney Transplant Unit, Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, FAMERP—Hospital de Base São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Lacerda Nogueira
- Laboratory of Research in Virology, Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Mario Abbud-Filho
- Kidney Transplant Unit, Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, FAMERP—Hospital de Base São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
- Instituto de Urology e Nefrologia, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
In the western United States, this virus may have been mediated via migrating infected birds from southern South America, where it reemerged most recently in 2002. We summarize and analyze historical and current data regarding the reemergence of St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV; genus Flavivirus) in the Americas. Historically, SLEV caused encephalitis outbreaks in the United States; however, it was not considered a public health concern in the rest of the Americas. After the introduction of West Nile virus in 1999, activity of SLEV decreased considerably in the United States. During 2014–2015, SLEV caused a human outbreak in Arizona and caused isolated human cases in California in 2016 and 2017. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the emerging SLEV in the western United States is related to the epidemic strains isolated during a human encephalitis outbreak in Córdoba, Argentina, in 2005. Ecoepidemiologic studies suggest that the emergence of SLEV in Argentina was caused by the introduction of a more pathogenic strain and increasing populations of the eared dove (amplifying host).
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology
- Communicable Diseases, Emerging/history
- Communicable Diseases, Emerging/transmission
- Communicable Diseases, Emerging/virology
- Disease Outbreaks
- Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis/classification
- Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis/genetics
- Encephalitis Virus, St. Louis/physiology
- Encephalitis, St. Louis/epidemiology
- Encephalitis, St. Louis/history
- Encephalitis, St. Louis/transmission
- Encephalitis, St. Louis/virology
- Geography, Medical
- History, 20th Century
- History, 21st Century
- Humans
- Phylogeny
- South America/epidemiology
- United States/epidemiology
Collapse
|
17
|
Marinho PES, Kroon EG. Flaviviruses as agents of childhood central nervous system infections in Brazil. New Microbes New Infect 2019; 31:100572. [PMID: 31312458 PMCID: PMC6610691 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2019.100572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are agents of a major emerging human public health issue and members of this genus have been associated with central nervous system (CNS) infections. In Brazil, a country endemic for some arboviruses, the most clinically relevant neurotropic flaviviruses include Dengue virus and Zika virus. Flaviviruses cause diseases ranging from mild or sub-clinical infections to severe cases as CNS infections. There is a lack of data about the incidence of flaviviruses in the CNS of children in Brazil. In this review, we provide a general overview of several flaviviruses that cause CNS infections in Brazilian children and explore the importance of epidemiological surveillance of CNS infections in cases of flavivirus infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P E S Marinho
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - E G Kroon
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Almeida MABD, Santos ED, Cardoso JDC, Noll CA, Lima MDM, Silva FDAE, Ferreira MS, Martins LC, Vasconcelos PFDC, Bicca-Marques JC. Detection of antibodies against Icoaraci, Ilhéus, and Saint Louis Encephalitis arboviruses during yellow fever monitoring surveillance in non-human primates (Alouatta caraya) in southern Brazil. J Med Primatol 2019; 48:211-217. [PMID: 31032984 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Free-ranging non-human primates (NHPs) can host a variety of pathogenic microorganisms, such as arboviruses, which include the yellow fever virus (YFV). This study aimed to detect the circulation of YF and other arboviruses in three wild Alouatta caraya populations in forests in southern Brazil. METHODS We collected 40 blood and serum samples from 26 monkeys captured/recaptured up to four times from 2014 to 2016, searching for evidence of arboviruses by virus isolation, PCR, and neutralization tests. RESULTS Viral isolation and genome detection were negative; however, we detected neutralizing antibodies against the Saint Louis, Ilhéus, and Icoaraci viruses in three NHPs. CONCLUSIONS Saint Louis Encephalitis, Ilhéus, and Icoaraci viruses circulated recently in the region. Future studies should investigate the role of NHPs, other vertebrate hosts and wild vectors in the region's arbovirus circulation and the potential risks of the arboviruses to wildlife, domestic animals, and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antonio Barreto de Almeida
- Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Edmilson Dos Santos
- Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jáder da Cruz Cardoso
- Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Noll
- 17ª Coordenadoria Regional de Saúde, Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Ijuí, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Moura Lima
- 17ª Coordenadoria Regional de Saúde, Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Ijuí, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Flaviviruses as agents of childhood central nervous system infections in Brazil. New Microbes New Infect 2019; 30:100539. [PMID: 31080623 PMCID: PMC6505065 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2019.100539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are agents of a major emerging human public health issue, and members of the Flavivirus genus have been associated with central nervous system (CNS) infections. In Brazil, a country endemic for some arboviruses, the most clinically relevant neurotropic flaviviruses include dengue virus and Zika virus. Flaviviruses cause diseases ranging from mild or subclinical infections to severe cases as CNS infections. There is a lack of data about the incidence of flaviviruses in the CNS of children in Brazil. In this review, we provide a general overview of several flaviviruses that cause CNS infections in Brazilian children and explore the importance of epidemiologic surveillance of CNS infections in cases of Flavivirus infections.
Collapse
|
20
|
Co-infection between Zika and different Dengue serotypes during DENV outbreak in Brazil. J Infect Public Health 2019; 12:178-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
21
|
Ferreira JE, Ferreira SC, Almeida-Neto C, Nishiya AS, Alencar CS, Gouveia GR, Caiaffa-Filho H, Gomes H, de Macedo Santos RT, Witkin SS, Mendrone-Junior A, Sabino EC. Molecular characterization of viruses associated with encephalitis in São Paulo, Brazil. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209993. [PMID: 30640927 PMCID: PMC6331147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the prevalence of viral encephalitis due to arbovirus infection of the Togaviridae and Flaviviridae families in São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 500 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected between August 2012 and January 2013, from patients with symptoms of acute encephalitis were analyzed. Findings suggestive of viral encephalitis-elevations in cell concentration, glucose and total protein-were observed in 234 (46.8%) samples, designated as Group 1. The remaining 266 samples comprised Group 2. All samples were tested for Flaviviruses (dengue virus 1, 2, 3 and 4, yellow fever virus and West Nile virus), Alphavirus (NS5 region) and enterovirus by RT- PCR and for herpesviruses and enteroviruses using CLART-Entherpex. A presumptive viral etiological agent was detected in 26 samples (5.2%), 18 (8.0%) in Group 1 and 8 (3.0%) in Group 2. In Group 1 human herpesviruses were detected in 9 cases, enteroviruses in 7 cases, dengue viruses (DENV) in 2 CSFs and St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) in one case. In Group 2 there were 3 CSFs positive for human herpesviruses, 2 for enteroviruses, 2 for DENV and 1 for SLEV. Detection of arboviruses, even though present in a minority of infected patients, identifies these viruses as a probable etiological agent of encephalitis. This is of special concern in regions where this class of viruses is endemic and has been linked to other recent epidemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerenice E. Ferreira
- LIM / 46—Laboratory of Medical Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine—IMT, University of São Paulo Medical School USP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Pathology Center, Adolf Lutz Institute–IAL, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Cesar Almeida-Neto
- Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo–FPS/HSP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Disciplina de Ciências Médicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna S. Nishiya
- Fundação Pró-Sangue Hemocentro de São Paulo–FPS/HSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cecilia S. Alencar
- Central Laboratory Division—Hospital das Clínicas São Paulo–DLC-HCSP
- Clinical Laboratory and LIM 03–Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele R. Gouveia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo–FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helio Caiaffa-Filho
- Pathology Center, Adolf Lutz Institute–IAL, São Paulo, Brazil
- Central Laboratory Division—Hospital das Clínicas São Paulo–DLC-HCSP
| | - Helio Gomes
- Central Laboratory Division—Hospital das Clínicas São Paulo–DLC-HCSP
- Clinical Laboratory and LIM 03–Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Steven S. Witkin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Ester C. Sabino
- LIM / 46—Laboratory of Medical Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine—IMT, University of São Paulo Medical School USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bittar C, Machado RRG, Comelis MT, Bueno LM, Morielle-Versute E, Beguelini MR, de Souza RP, Nogueira ML, Rahal P. Lack of serological and molecular evidence of arbovirus infections in bats from Brazil. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207010. [PMID: 30403749 PMCID: PMC6221338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are important agents of emerging zoonoses and are a substantial public health issue. Among emerging viruses, an important group are arboviruses, which are characterized by being maintained in nature in cycles involving hematophagous arthropod vectors and a wide range of vertebrate hosts. Recently, bats have received increasing attention as an important source for the emergence of zoonoses and as possible viral reservoirs. Among the arboviruses, there are many representatives of the genera Flavivirus and Alphavirus, which are responsible for important epidemics such as Dengue virus, Zika virus and Chikungunya virus. Due to the importance of analyzing potential viral reservoirs for zoonosis control and expanding our knowledge of bat viruses, this study aimed to investigate the presence of viruses of the Alphavirus and Flavivirus genera in bats. We analyzed serum, liver, lungs and intestine from 103 bats sampled in northeast and southern Brazil via Nested-PCR and the hemagglutination inhibition test. All samples tested in this study were negative for arboviruses, suggesting that no active or past infection was present in the captured bats. These data indicate that the bats examined herein probably do not constitute a reservoir for these viruses in the studied areas. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of bats as reservoirs and sources of infection of these viral zoonoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia Bittar
- Laboratório de Estudos Genômicos, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael R. G. Machado
- Laboratório de Estudos Genômicos, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manuela T. Comelis
- Laboratório de Chiroptera, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa M. Bueno
- Laboratório de Chiroptera, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana Morielle-Versute
- Laboratório de Chiroptera, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus R. Beguelini
- Laboratório de Chiroptera, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, UFOB—Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Renato P. de Souza
- Núcleo de Doenças de Transmissão Vetorial, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício L. Nogueira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Virologia, FAMERP-Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Laboratório de Estudos Genômicos, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Terzian ACB, Zini N, Sacchetto L, Rocha RF, Parra MCP, Del Sarto JL, Dias ACF, Coutinho F, Rayra J, da Silva RA, Costa VV, Fernandes NCCDA, Réssio R, Díaz-Delgado J, Guerra J, Cunha MS, Catão-Dias JL, Bittar C, Reis AFN, Santos INPD, Ferreira ACM, Cruz LEAA, Rahal P, Ullmann L, Malossi C, Araújo JPD, Widen S, de Rezende IM, Mello É, Pacca CC, Kroon EG, Trindade G, Drumond B, Chiaravalloti-Neto F, Vasilakis N, Teixeira MM, Nogueira ML. Evidence of natural Zika virus infection in neotropical non-human primates in Brazil. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16034. [PMID: 30375482 PMCID: PMC6207778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In Africa, Old World Primates are involved in the maintenance of sylvatic circulation of ZIKV. However, in Brazil, the hosts for the sylvatic cycle remain unknown. We hypothesized that free-living NHPs might play a role in urban/periurban ZIKV dynamics, thus we undertook an NHP ZIKV investigation in two cities in Brazil. We identified ZIKV-positive NHPs and sequences obtained were phylogenetically related to the American lineage of ZIKV. Additionally, we inoculated four C. penicillata with ZIKV and our results demonstrated that marmosets had a sustained viremia. The natural and experimental infection of NHPs with ZIKV, support the hypothesis that NHPs may be a vertebrate host in the maintainance of ZIKV transmission/circulation in urban tropical settings. Further studies are needed to understand the role they may play in maintaining the urban cycle of the ZIKV and how they may be a conduit in establishing an enzootic transmission cycle in tropical Latin America.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina B Terzian
- São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, CEP: 15090-000, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Zini
- São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, CEP: 15090-000, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lívia Sacchetto
- Laboratório de Vírus - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Froes Rocha
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maisa Carla Pereira Parra
- São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, CEP: 15090-000, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lemos Del Sarto
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Fialho Dias
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Felipe Coutinho
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Rayra
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael Alves da Silva
- São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, CEP: 15090-000, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Vivian Vasconcelos Costa
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Réssio
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL), Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351 - 7 Andar, Sala 706, CEP: 01246-000, Pacaembú, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Josué Díaz-Delgado
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL), Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351 - 7 Andar, Sala 706, CEP: 01246-000, Pacaembú, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Guerra
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL), Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351 - 7 Andar, Sala 706, CEP: 01246-000, Pacaembú, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana S Cunha
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL), Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 351 - 7 Andar, Sala 706, CEP: 01246-000, Pacaembú, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Catão-Dias
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo (LAPOCM-FMVZ-USP), Avenida Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP: 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cintia Bittar
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters, and Exact Sciences - São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto - (IBILCE/UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, CEP: 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Andréia Francesli Negri Reis
- Epidemiological Surveillance Departament of São José do Rio Preto, Avenida Romeu Strazzi, 199, CEP: 15084-010, Vila Sinibaldi, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Izalco Nuremberg Penha Dos Santos
- Epidemiological Surveillance Departament of São José do Rio Preto, Avenida Romeu Strazzi, 199, CEP: 15084-010, Vila Sinibaldi, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Andréia Cristina Marascalchi Ferreira
- Epidemiological Surveillance Departament of São José do Rio Preto, Avenida Romeu Strazzi, 199, CEP: 15084-010, Vila Sinibaldi, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lilian Elisa Arão Antônio Cruz
- Epidemiological Surveillance Departament of São José do Rio Preto, Avenida Romeu Strazzi, 199, CEP: 15084-010, Vila Sinibaldi, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters, and Exact Sciences - São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto - (IBILCE/UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, CEP: 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Leila Ullmann
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute for Biotechnology, Alameda das Tecomarias, s/n, CEP: 18607-440, Chácara Capão Bonito, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Malossi
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute for Biotechnology, Alameda das Tecomarias, s/n, CEP: 18607-440, Chácara Capão Bonito, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - João Pessoa de Araújo
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute for Biotechnology, Alameda das Tecomarias, s/n, CEP: 18607-440, Chácara Capão Bonito, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Steven Widen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555-0645, USA
| | - Izabela Maurício de Rezende
- Laboratório de Vírus - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Érica Mello
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Belo Horizonte Council, Rua Édna Quintel, 173, CEP: 31270-705, São Bernardo, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carolina Colombelli Pacca
- Faceres Medical School, Avenida Anísio Haddad, 6751, CEP: 15090-305, Jardim Francisco Fernandes, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Erna Geessien Kroon
- Laboratório de Vírus - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Giliane Trindade
- Laboratório de Vírus - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Betânia Drumond
- Laboratório de Vírus - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Francisco Chiaravalloti-Neto
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health of the University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 715, CEP: 01246-904, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology and Center of Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555-0609, USA
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP: 31270-901, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maurício Lacerda Nogueira
- São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, CEP: 15090-000, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Díaz A, Flores FS, Quaglia AI, Contigiani MS. Evaluation of Argentinean Bird Species as Amplifying Hosts for St. Louis Encephalitis Virus (Flavivirus, Flaviviridae). Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 99:216-221. [PMID: 29761767 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
St.Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is an emerging human pathogen flavivirus in Argentina. Recently, it has reemerged in the United States. We evaluated the role as amplifying host of six resident bird species and analyzed their capacity as host during the 2005 encephalitis outbreak of SLEV in Córdoba. Eared Dove, Picui Ground Dove, and House Sparrow were the three species with highest host competence index. At a city level, Eared Dove and Picui Ground Dove were the most important amplifying hosts during the 2005 SLEV human outbreak in Córdoba city. This finding highlighted important differences in the SLEV ecology between Argentina and the United States. Characterizing and evaluating the SLEV hosts contribute to our knowledge about its ecology and could help us to understand the causes that promote its emergence as a human pathogen in South America.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Díaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella," Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fernando S Flores
- Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella," Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Agustín I Quaglia
- Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella," Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marta S Contigiani
- Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella," Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Colombo TE, Estofolete CF, Reis AFN, da Silva NS, Aguiar ML, Cabrera EMS, Dos Santos INP, Costa FR, Cruz LEAA, Rombola PL, Terzian ACB, Nogueira ML. Clinical, laboratory and virological data from suspected ZIKV patients in an endemic arbovirus area. J Clin Virol 2017; 96:20-25. [PMID: 28918127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) presents new challenges to both clinicians and public health authorities. Overlapping clinical features between the diseases caused by ZIKV, dengue (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) and the lack of validated serological assays for ZIKV make accurate diagnosis difficult. Brazilian authorities largely rely on clinical and epidemiological data for the epidemiological and clinical classifications of most ZIKV cases. OBJECTIVE To report the laboratory and clinical profiles of patients diagnosed with Zika fever based only on clinical and epidemiological data. STUDY DESIGN We analyzed 433 suspected cases of ZIKV identified by the attending physician based on proposed clinical criteria. The samples were also screened for ZIKV, DENV and CHIKV using PCR. RESULTS Of the 433 patients analyzed, 168 (38.8%) were laboratory-confirmed for arboviruses: 96 were positive for ZIKV, 67 were positive for DENV (56 for DENV-2, 9 for DENV-1, and 2 for DENV-4), four were positive for co-infection with ZIKV/DENV-2, and one was positive for CHIKV. The most common signs or symptoms in the patients with laboratory-confirmed ZIKV were rash (100%), arthralgia (77.1%), fever (74.0%), myalgia (74.0%) and non-purulent conjunctivitis (69.8%). In patients with laboratory-confirmed DENV infections, the most frequently observed symptoms were rash (100%), fever (79.1%), myalgia (74.6%), headache (73.1%) and arthralgia (70.1%). The measure of association between clinical manifestations and laboratory manifestations among patients with ZIKV and DENV detected a statistically significant difference only in abdominal pain (p=0.04), leukopenia (p=0.003), and thrombocytopenia (p=0.01). CONCLUSION Our data suggests that clinical and epidemiological criteria alone are not a good tool for ZIKV and DENV differentiation, and that laboratory diagnosis should be mandatory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Elias Colombo
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; Universidade Paulista (UNIP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Natal Santos da Silva
- Laboratório de Modelagens Matemática e Estatística em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, União das Faculdades dos Grandes Lagos, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Fabiana Rodrigues Costa
- Prefeitura de São José do Rio Preto, Departamento de Vigilância em Saúde, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Lopes Rombola
- Prefeitura de São José do Rio Preto, Departamento de Vigilância em Saúde, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Marcondes CB, Contigiani M, Gleiser RM. Emergent and Reemergent Arboviruses in South America and the Caribbean: Why So Many and Why Now? JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:509-532. [PMID: 28399216 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Varios arbovirus han emergido y/o reemergido en el Nuevo Mundo en las últimas décadas. Los virus Zika y chikungunya, anteriormente restringidos a África y quizás Asia, invadieron el continente, causando gran preocupación; además siguen ocurriendo brotes causados por el virus dengue en casi todos los países, con millones de casos por año. El virus West Nile invadió rápidamente América del Norte, y ya se han encontrado casos en América Central y del Sur. Otros arbovirus, como Mayaro y el virus de la encefalitis equina del este han aumentado su actividad y se han encontrado en nuevas regiones. Se han documentado cambios en la patogenicidad de algunos virus que conducen a enfermedades inesperadas. Una fauna diversa de mosquitos, cambios climáticos y en la vegetación, aumento de los viajes, y urbanizaciones no planificadas que generan condiciones adecuadas para la proliferación de Aedes aegypti (L.), Culex quinquefasciatus Say y otros mosquitos vectores, se han combinado para influir fuertemente en los cambios en la distribución y la incidencia de varios arbovirus. Se enfatiza la necesidad de realizar estudios exhaustivos de la fauna de mosquitos y modificaciones de las condiciones ambientales, sobre todo en las zonas urbanas fuertemente influenciadas por factores sociales, políticos y económicos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Brisola Marcondes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Marta Contigiani
- Emeritus Professor, Instituto de Virologia "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Enfermera Gordillo Gomez s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Raquel Miranda Gleiser
- Centro de Relevamiento y Evaluación de Recursos Agrícolas y Naturales (CREAN) - Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Marques RE, Del Sarto JL, Rocha RPF, Gomes GF, Cramer A, Rachid MA, Souza DG, Nogueira ML, Teixeira MM. Development of a model of Saint Louis encephalitis infection and disease in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:61. [PMID: 28330482 PMCID: PMC5361699 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flaviviruses are a genre of closely related viral pathogens which emerged in the last decades in Brazil and in the world. Saint (St.) Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is a neglected flavivirus that can cause a severe neurological disease that may lead to death or sequelae. St. Louis encephalitis pathogenesis is poorly understood, which hinders the development of specific treatment or vaccine. METHODS To address this problem, we developed a model of SLEV infection in mice to study mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of severe disease. The model consists in the intracranial inoculation of the SLEV strain BeH 355964, a strain isolated from a symptomatic human patient in Brazil, in adult immunocompetent mice. RESULTS Inoculated mice presented SLEV replication in the brain, accompanied by tissue damage, disease signs, and mortality approximately 7 days post infection. Infection was characterized by the production of proinflammatory cytokines and interferons and by leukocyte recruitment to the brain, composed mainly by neutrophils and lymphocytes. In vitro experiments indicated that SLEV is able to replicate in both neurons and glia and caused neuronal death and cytokine production, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, intracranial SLEV infection leads to meningoencephalitis in mice, recapitulating several aspects of St. Louis encephalitis in humans. Our study indicates that the central nervous system (CNS) inflammation is a major component of SLEV-induced disease. This model may be useful to identify mechanisms of disease pathogenesis or resistance to SLEV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Elias Marques
- Immunopharmacology, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Present address: Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Juliana L Del Sarto
- Immunopharmacology, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rebeca P F Rocha
- Immunopharmacology, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Giovanni F Gomes
- Laboratório de Investigação em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Allysson Cramer
- Laboratório de Imunorregulação de Doenças Infecciosas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Milene A Rachid
- Laboratório de Apoptose, Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danielle G Souza
- Laboratório de Interação Microrganismo-Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maurício L Nogueira
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia, Departamento de Doenças dermatológicas, Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Immunopharmacology, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nogueira ML, Estofolete CF, Terzian ACB, Mascarin do Vale EPB, da Silva RCMA, da Silva RF, Ramalho HJ, Fernandes Charpiot IMM, Vasilakis N, Abbud-Filho M. Zika Virus Infection and Solid Organ Transplantation: A New Challenge. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:791-795. [PMID: 27629942 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Public health concerns exist surrounding the epidemic of the Zika virus (ZIKV) and the rapid growth of transplantation in developing countries, including endemic zones of active arbovirus transmission, as well as travel to such regions by potential organ donors and recipients. Few data exist regarding the clinical characteristics of ZIKV infection in immunocompromised hosts. Laboratory screening protocols for transplantation to differentiate ZIKV infections from other endemic viral diseases and for the detection of possible donor-derived infection have not been stated. The diagnosis of ZIKV infection remains a challenge, fueled by the lack of standardized commercially available diagnostic tests and validated reference diagnostic laboratories, as well as the limited duration of ZIKV viremia. In this small series, ZIKV infection in renal and liver recipients presented without rash, conjunctivitis, or neurological symptoms, and with abnormal graft function, thrombocytopenia, and bacterial superinfection. We report the first case series of ZIKV infection in solid organ recipients, with a description of clinical and laboratory features and therapeutic management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Nogueira
- Medicine School of São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - C F Estofolete
- Medicine School of São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - A C B Terzian
- Medicine School of São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - R C M A da Silva
- Medicine School of São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP)/Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - R F da Silva
- Medicine School of São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP)/Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - H J Ramalho
- Medicine School of São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP)/Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - I M M Fernandes Charpiot
- Medicine School of São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP)/Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - N Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Center for Tropical Diseases, and Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - M Abbud-Filho
- Medicine School of São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP)/Urology and Nephrology Institute, São José do Rio Preto/Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pacca CC, Marques RE, Espindola JWP, Filho GBOO, Leite ACL, Teixeira MM, Nogueira ML. Thiosemicarbazones and Phthalyl-Thiazoles compounds exert antiviral activity against yellow fever virus and Saint Louis encephalitis virus. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 87:381-387. [PMID: 28068627 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses, arthropod-borneviruses, are frequency associated to human outbreak and represent a serious health problem. The genus Flavivirus, such as Yellow Fever Virus (YFV) and Saint Louis Encephalitis Virus (SLEV), are important pathogens with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Brazil, YFV is maintained in sylvatic cycle, but many cases are notified annually, despite the efficiency of vaccine. SLEV causes an acute encephalitis and is widely distributed in the Americas. There is no specific antiviral drugs for these viruses, only supporting treatment that can alleviate symptoms and prevent complications. Here, we evaluated the potential anti-YFV and SLEV activity of a series of thiosemicarbazones and phthalyl-thiazoles. Plaque reduction assay, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and cellular viability were used to test the compounds in vitro. Treated cells showed efficient inhibition of the viral replication at concentrations that presented minimal toxicity to cells. The assays showed that phthalyl-thiazole and phenoxymethyl-thiosemicarbazone reduced 60% of YFV replication and 75% of SLEV replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Colombelli Pacca
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia, Departamento de Doenças Dermatológicas, Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto - FAMERP, 15090-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; Faceres Medical School, 15090-305, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Elias Marques
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - José Wanderlan P Espindola
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-521, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Gevânio B O Oliveira Filho
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-521, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-521, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mauricio L Nogueira
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia, Departamento de Doenças Dermatológicas, Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto - FAMERP, 15090-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Furlan NB, Tukasan C, Estofolete CF, Nogueira ML, da Silva NS. Low sensitivity of the tourniquet test for differential diagnosis of dengue: an analysis of 28,000 trials in patients. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:627. [PMID: 27809813 PMCID: PMC5095934 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1947-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of the tourniquet test (TT) for dengue diagnosing. To our knowledge, no previous study with such a large sample, of this duration, with as many laboratory methods referenced, or relating the results of the TT to the 2009 WHO classification of severity has been conducted thus far. Methods In this study, we analyzed the records of 119,589 suspected dengue cases in a Brazilian city, with 30,670 confirmed cases. The Cohen’s Kappa test was applied to evaluate the degree of agreement between the tests, and the sensitivity and specificity was calculated for the TT. Results Twenty-eight thousand six hundred thirty-five TT were performed. No association between the outcome of the TT and greater severity of infection, according to the 2009 guideline, was observed (P = 0.28); furthermore, relevant agreement with the final diagnosis (κ = 0.01; 95 % CI = 0.00 to 0.02) or individually with the IgM enzyme-linked immunoassay was not observed (κ = 0.05; 95 % CI = 0.04 to 0.06), and was even lower with PCR (κ = 0.27; 95 % CI = 0.06 to 0.49). Most importance of the TT was shown in relation to specificity (88.9 %; 95 % CI = 0.88 to 0.89) and negative predictive value (70.3 %; CI 95 % = 0.70 to 0.71). Conclusions TT was more effective in detecting cases that were truly negative than positive. These results suggest that the TT should not be used as diagnosis of dengue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathália Barbosa Furlan
- Faculdade de Medicina, União das Faculdades dos Grandes Lagos, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Tukasan
- Faculdade de Medicina, União das Faculdades dos Grandes Lagos, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cássia Fernanda Estofolete
- Faculdade de Medicina, União das Faculdades dos Grandes Lagos, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício Lacerda Nogueira
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natal Santos da Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina, União das Faculdades dos Grandes Lagos, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Modelagens Matemática e Estatística em Medicina, União das Faculdades dos Grandes Lagos, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Modelagens Matemática e Estatística em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, União das Faculdades dos Grandes Lagos, Rua Dr. Eduardo Nielsem, 960 Jardim Novo Aeroporto, São Jose do Rio Preto, São Paulo, CEP 15030-070, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Smith DR. Waiting in the wings: The potential of mosquito transmitted flaviviruses to emerge. Crit Rev Microbiol 2016; 43:405-422. [PMID: 27800692 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2016.1230974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The sudden dramatic emergence of the mosquito transmitted flavivirus Zika virus has bought to the world's attention a relatively obscure virus that was previously only known to specialist researchers. The genus Flavivirus of the family Flaviviridae contains a number of well-known mosquito transmitted human pathogenic viruses including the dengue, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis and West Nile viruses. However, the genus also contains a number of lesser known human pathogenic viruses transmitted by mosquitoes including Wesselsbron virus, Ilheus virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus and Usutu virus. This review summarizes our knowledge of these lesser known mosquito transmitted flaviviruses and highlights their potential to emerge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duncan R Smith
- a Institute of Molecular Biosciences and Center for Emerging and Neglected Infectious Diseases, Mahidol University , Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dos Santos Carmo AM, Suzuki RB, Riquena MM, Eterovic A, Sperança MA. Maintenance of demographic and hematological profiles in a long-lasting dengue fever outbreak: implications for management. Infect Dis Poverty 2016; 5:84. [PMID: 27593529 PMCID: PMC5011355 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-016-0177-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue fever (DF) outbreaks present regionally specific epidemiological and clinical characteristics. In certain medium-sized cities (100 000–250 000 inhabitants) of São Paulo State, Brazil, and after reaching an incidence of 150 cases/100 000 inhabitants (“epidemiological threshold”), clinical diagnosis indicated dengue virus (DENV) infection. During this period, other seasonally infectious diseases with symptoms and physical signs mimicking DF can simultaneously occur, with the consequential overcrowding of health care facilities as the principal drawbacks. Confirmation of clinical diagnosis of DF with serological tests may help in avoiding faulty diagnosis in patients, who might later undergo dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and the dengue-shock syndrome (DSS). Furthermore, demographic and hematological profiles of patients are useful in detecting specific early characteristics associated to DF, DHF and DSS. Methods From March to June, 2007, 456 patients from Marilia in northwest São Paulo State who had only been diagnosed for DF by clinical criteria, underwent serologic testing for non-structural 1 (NS1) DENV antigens. Individual results were used in comparative analysis according to demographic (gender, age) and hematological (leukocyte and platelet counts, percentage of atypical lymphocytes) profiles. Temporal patterns were evaluated by subdividing data according to time of initial attendance, using recorded variables as predictors of DENV infection in logistic regression models and ROC curves. Results Serologic DENV detection was positive in 70.6 % of the patients. Lower leukocyte and platelet counts were the most important factors in predicting DENV infection (respective medians DENV + = 3 715 cells/ml and DENV- = 6 760 cells/ml, and DENV + = 134 896 cells/ml and DENV- = 223 872 cells/ml). Furthermore, all demographic and hematological profiles presented a conservative temporal pattern throughout this long-lasting outbreak. Conclusions As consistency throughout the epidemic facilitated defining the conservation pattern throughout the early stages, this was useful for improving management during the remaining period. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-016-0177-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Moreira Dos Santos Carmo
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal do ABC, Campus São Bernardo do Campo, 09606-070, São Bernardo Do Campo, São Paulo, Brasil.,Secretaria do Estado da Saúde do Estado de São Paulo, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Centro de Laboratório Regional VIII, Santo André, 09040-160, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Buzinaro Suzuki
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal do ABC, Campus São Bernardo do Campo, 09606-070, São Bernardo Do Campo, São Paulo, Brasil.,Discipline of Parasitology, Marilia Medical School, Marilia, 17519-030, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michele Marcondes Riquena
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal do ABC, Campus São Bernardo do Campo, 09606-070, São Bernardo Do Campo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - André Eterovic
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal do ABC, Campus Santo André, Santo André, 09210-170, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia Aparecida Sperança
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal do ABC, Campus São Bernardo do Campo, 09606-070, São Bernardo Do Campo, São Paulo, Brasil.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fernanda Estofolete C, Terzian ACB, Parreira R, Esteves A, Hardman L, Greque GV, Rahal P, Nogueira ML. Clinical and laboratory profile of Zika virus infection in dengue suspected patients: A case series. J Clin Virol 2016; 81:25-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
34
|
Heinen LBDS, Zuchi N, Serra OP, Cardoso BF, Gondim BHF, Dos Santos MAM, Souto FJD, Paula DAJD, Dutra V, Dezengrini-Slhessarenko R. SAINT LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS IN MATO GROSSO, CENTRAL-WESTERN BRAZIL. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2016. [PMID: 26200961 PMCID: PMC4544245 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652015000300006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The dengue virus (DENV), which is frequently involved in large epidemics, and the yellow fever virus (YFV), which is responsible for sporadic sylvatic outbreaks, are considered the most important flaviviruses circulating in Brazil. Because of that, laboratorial diagnosis of acute undifferentiated febrile illness during epidemic periods is frequently directed towards these viruses, which may eventually hinder the detection of other circulating flaviviruses, including the Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), which is widely dispersed across the Americas. The aim of this study was to conduct a molecular investigation of 11 flaviviruses using 604 serum samples obtained from patients during a large dengue fever outbreak in the state of Mato Grosso (MT) between 2011 and 2012. Simultaneously, 3,433 female Culex spp. collected with Nasci aspirators in the city of Cuiabá, MT, in 2013, and allocated to 409 pools containing 1-10 mosquitoes, were also tested by multiplex semi-nested reverse transcription PCR for the same flaviviruses. SLEV was detected in three patients co-infected with DENV-4 from the cities of Cuiabá and Várzea Grande. One of them was a triple co-infection with DENV-1. None of them mentioned recent travel or access to sylvatic/rural regions, indicating that transmission might have occurred within the metropolitan area. Regarding mosquito samples, one pool containing one Culex quinquefasciatus female was positive for SLEV, with a minimum infection rate (MIR) of 0.29 per 1000 specimens of this species. Phylogenetic analysis indicates both human and mosquito SLEV cluster, with isolates from genotype V-A obtained from animals in the Amazon region, in the state of Pará. This is the first report of SLEV molecular identification in MT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Borges da Silva Heinen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Nayara Zuchi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Otacília Pereira Serra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Belgath Fernandes Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | | | - Francisco José Dutra Souto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Daphine Ariadne Jesus de Paula
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Valéria Dutra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Renata Dezengrini-Slhessarenko
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Serra OP, Cardoso BF, Ribeiro ALM, dos Santos FAL, Slhessarenko RD. Mayaro virus and dengue virus 1 and 4 natural infection in culicids from Cuiabá, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2016; 111:20-9. [PMID: 26784852 PMCID: PMC4727432 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760150270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to verify the diversity of Culicidae species and their frequency of infection with flaviviruses and alphaviruses in Cuiabá, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Mosquitoes were captured with Nasci aspirators and hand net in 200 census tracts, identified alive at species level and pooled in one-20 (11,090 mosquitoes, 14 species). Female pools (n = 610) were subjected to multiplex seminested-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for 11 flavivirus and five alphavirus. Positive pools were tested by single RT-PCR followed by nucleotide sequencing, by RT-PCR for E1 gene [Mayaro virus (MAYV)] and by inoculation in Vero cells (MAYV) or C6/36 cells (flaviviruses). One/171 Aedes aegypti was positive for dengue virus (DENV)-1, 12/403 Culex quinquefasciatus, and four/171Ae. aegypti for MAYV, which was isolated from two pools containing two nonengorged females of Ae. aegypti and two of Cx. quinquefasciatus. DENV-4 was detected in 58/171 pools of Ae. aegytpi, 105/403 Cx. quinquefasciatus, two/five Psorophora sp., two/11 Psorophora varipes/Psorophora albigenu, one/one Sabethes chloropterus, two/five Culex bidens/Culex interfor, and one/one Aedes sp. DENV-4 was isolated from two pools containing three and 16 nonengorged Cx. quinquefasciatus females. Phylogenetic analysis revealed MAYV belongs to genotype L, clustering with human samples of the virus previously identified in the city. Cuiabá has biodiversity and ecosystem favourable for vector proliferation, representing a risk for arbovirus outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Otacília Pereira Serra
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Centro de Ciências Básicas da Saúde
I, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Cuiabá, MT,
Brasil
| | - Belgath Fernandes Cardoso
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Centro de Ciências Básicas da Saúde
I, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Cuiabá, MT,
Brasil
| | - Ana Lúcia Maria Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Centro de Ciências Básicas da Saúde
I, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Fábio Alexandre Leal dos Santos
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Centro de Ciências Básicas da Saúde
I, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Cuiabá, MT,
Brasil
| | - Renata Dezengrini Slhessarenko
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Centro de Ciências Básicas da Saúde
I, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Virologia, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mourão MPG, Bastos MDS, Figueiredo RMPD, Gimaque JBDL, Alves VDCR, Saraiva MDGG, Figueiredo MLG, Ramasawmy R, Nogueira ML, Figueiredo LTM. Arboviral diseases in the Western Brazilian Amazon: a perspective and analysis from a tertiary health & research center in Manaus, State of Amazonas. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2015; 48 Suppl 1:20-6. [PMID: 26061367 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0133-2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), located in Manaus, the capital of the State of Amazonas (Western Brazilian Amazon), is a pioneering institution in this region regarding the syndromic surveillance of acute febrile illness, including arboviral infections. Based on the data from patients at the FMT-HVD, we have detected recurrent outbreaks in Manaus by the four dengue serotypes in the past 15 years, with increasing severity of the disease. This endemicity has culminated in the simultaneous circulation of all four serotypes in 2011, the first time this has been reported in Brazil. Between 1996 and 2009, 42 cases of yellow fever (YF) were registered in the State of Amazonas, and 71.4% (30/42) were fatal. Since 2010, no cases have been reported. Because the introduction of the yellow fever virus into a large city such as Manaus, which is widely infested by Aedes mosquitoes, may pose a real risk of a yellow fever outbreak, efforts to maintain an appropriate immunization policy for the populace are critical. Manaus has also suffered silent outbreaks of Mayaro and Oropouche fevers lately, most of which were misdiagnosed as dengue fever. The tropical conditions of the State of Amazonas favor the existence of other arboviruses capable of producing human disease. Under this real threat, represented by at least 4 arboviruses producing human infections in Manaus and in other neighboring countries, it is important to develop an efficient public health surveillance strategy, including laboratories that are able to make proper diagnoses of arboviruses.
Collapse
|
37
|
Exploring Genomic, Geographic and Virulence Interactions among Epidemic and Non-Epidemic St. Louis Encephalitis Virus (Flavivirus) Strains. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136316. [PMID: 26312485 PMCID: PMC4552378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is a re-emerging arbovirus in South America. In 2005, an encephalitis outbreak caused by SLEV was reported in Argentina. The reason for the outbreak remains unknown, but may have been related to virological factors, changes in vectors populations, avian amplifying hosts, and/or environmental conditions. The main goal of this study was to characterize the complete genome of epidemic and non-epidemic SLEV strains from Argentina. Seventeen amino acid changes were detected; ten were non-conservative and located in proteins E, NS1, NS3 and NS5. Phylogenetic analysis showed two major clades based on geography: the North America and northern Central America (NAnCA) clade and the South America and southern Central America (SAsCA) clade. Interestingly, the presence of SAsCA genotype V SLEV strains in the NAnCA clade was reported in California, Florida and Texas, overlapping with known bird migration flyways. This work represents the first step in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying virulence and biological variation among SLEV strains.
Collapse
|
38
|
Hoyos-López R, Soto SU, Rúa-Uribe G, Gallego-Gómez JC. Molecular identification of Saint Louis encephalitis virus genotype IV in Colombia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:719-25. [PMID: 26313538 PMCID: PMC4667573 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760280040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is a member of the Japanese-encephalitis virus
serocomplex of the genus Flavivirus. SLEV is broadly distributed in the Americas and
the Caribbean Islands, where it is usually transmitted by mosquitoes of the
genus Culex and primarily to birds and mammalian-hosts. Humans
are occasionally infected by the virus and are dead-end hosts. SLEV causes
encephalitis in temperate regions, while in tropical regions of the Americas, several
human cases and a wide biological diversity of SLEV-strains have been reported. The
phylogenetic analysis of the envelope (E) protein genes indicated eight-genotypes of
SLEV with geographic overlap. The present paper describes the genotyping of two SLEV
viruses detected in mosquito-pools collected in northern Colombia (department of
Cordoba). We used reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to amplify a
fragment of theE-gene to confirm the virus identity and
completeE-gene sequencing for phylogenetic analysis and
genotyping of the two-SLEV viruses found circulating in Córdoba. This is the first
report of SLEV genotype IV in Colombia (Córdoba) in mosquitoes from a region of human
inhabitation, implicating the risk of human disease due to SLEV infection. Physicians
should consider SLEV as a possible aetiology for undiagnosed febrile and neurologic
syndromes among their patients who report exposure to mosquito-bites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guillermo Rúa-Uribe
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Figueiredo LTM. Saint Louis encephalitis virus and other arboviruses in the differential diagnosis for dengue. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2015; 47:541-2. [PMID: 25467251 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0197-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo
- Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Vieira CJDSP, Silva DJFD, Barreto ES, Siqueira CEH, Colombo TE, Ozanic K, Schmidt DJ, Drumond BP, Mondini A, Nogueira ML, Bronzoni RVDM. Detection of Mayaro virus infections during a dengue outbreak in Mato Grosso, Brazil. Acta Trop 2015; 147:12-6. [PMID: 25817238 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Arboviruses are common agents of human febrile illness worldwide. In dengue-endemic areas illness due to other arboviruses have been misdiagnosed as dengue based only on clinical-epidemiological data. In this study we investigated the presence of Brazilian arboviruses in sera of 200 patients presenting acute febrile illness, during a dengue outbreak in Sinop, MT, Brazil. The results showed that 38 samples were positive to Dengue virus (DENV) type 1, two samples to DENV type 4, and six to Mayaro virus. These results indicate that arboviruses others than DENV are circulating in Sinop and the surrounding region, which are going undiagnosed. In addition, molecular and evolutionary analyses indicate that two MAYV genotypes are co-circulating in Mato Grosso, Brazil. Thus, a strong surveillance program must be implemented to evaluate and monitor the distribution and the true importance of non-dengue arboviruses in the etiology of acute febrile illnesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eriana Serpa Barreto
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | | | | | - Katia Ozanic
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Silva JR, Romeiro MF, Souza WMD, Munhoz TD, Borges GP, Soares OAB, Campos CHCD, Machado RZ, Silva MLCR, Faria JLM, Chávez JH, Figueiredo LTM. A Saint Louis encephalitis and Rocio virus serosurvey in Brazilian horses. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2015; 47:414-7. [PMID: 25229279 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0117-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Arboviruses are an important public health problem in Brazil, in especially flaviviruses, including the Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) and the Rocio virus (ROCV), are especially problematic. These viruses are transmitted to humans or other vertebrates through arthropod bites and may cause diseases with clinical manifestations that range from asymptomatic infection, viral hemorrhagic fever to encephalitis. METHODS A serological survey of horses from various regions of Brazil using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with recombinant SLEV domain III peptides and ROCV E protein as antigens. RESULTS Overall, 415 (55.1%) of the 753 horses that were screened were seropositive for flavivirus and, among them, monotypic reactions were observed to SLEV in 93 (12.3%) and to ROCV in 46 (6.1%). These results suggested that these viruses, or other closely related viruses, are infecting horses in Brazil. However, none of the studied horses presented central nervous system infection symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that SLEV and ROCV previously circulated among horses in northeast, west-central and southeast Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Raymondi Silva
- Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marilia Farignoli Romeiro
- Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - William Marciel de Souza
- Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Demarchi Munhoz
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Puía Borges
- Escola de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazi
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Juliana Helena Chávez
- Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo
- Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
First genome sequence of St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) isolated from a human in Brazil. Arch Virol 2015; 160:1189-95. [PMID: 25740285 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), a member of the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, is a causative agent of encephalitis in the Americas. In Brazil, sporadic cases of SLEV infection have been reported since 1953, but the first outbreak of SLEV in Brazil was identified only in 2007, concomitant with an outbreak of dengue virus (DENV) serotype 3. This finding, along with other reports, indicates that SLEV circulation in Brazil is largely unknown, and there may be epidemiological implications of the co-circulation of SLEV, DENV and other flaviviruses in Brazil. Here, we describe the first complete genome sequence of an SLEV strain isolated from a human patient in Brazil, strain BeH 355964. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to determine the genotype of BeH 355964 using the full-length genome and envelope (E) gene sequences separately. Both analyses showed that BeH 355964 could be classified as genotype V. Although the number of single gene sequences available is greater (such as for the E gene), the phylogenetic tree based on the complete genome sequence was better supported and provided further information about the virus.
Collapse
|
43
|
Cruz LCDTAD, Serra OP, Leal-Santos FA, Ribeiro ALM, Slhessarenko RD, Santos MAD. Natural transovarial transmission of dengue virus 4 in Aedes aegypti from Cuiabá, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2015; 48:18-25. [DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0264-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
|
44
|
Pauvolid-Corrêa A, Solberg O, Couto-Lima D, Kenney J, Serra-Freire N, Brault A, Nogueira R, Langevin S, Komar N. Nhumirim virus, a novel flavivirus isolated from mosquitoes from the Pantanal, Brazil. Arch Virol 2015; 160:21-7. [PMID: 25252815 PMCID: PMC4785999 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We describe the isolation of a novel flavivirus, isolated from a pool of mosquitoes identified as Culex (Culex) chidesteri collected in 2010 in the Pantanal region of west-central Brazil. The virus is herein designated Nhumirim virus (NHUV) after the name of the ranch from which the mosquito pool was collected. Flavivirus RNA was detected by real-time RT-PCR of homogenized mosquitoes and from the corresponding C6/36 culture supernatant. Based on full-genome sequencing, the virus isolate was genetically distinct from but most closely related to Barkedji virus (BJV), a newly described flavivirus from Senegal. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that NHUV grouped with mosquito-borne flaviviruses forming a clade with BJV. This clade may be genetically intermediate between the Culex-borne flaviviruses amplified by birds and the insect-only flaviviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Svoboda WK, Martins LC, Malanski LDS, Shiozawa MM, Spohr KAH, Hilst CLS, Aguiar LM, Ludwig G, Passos FDC, Silva LRD, Headley SA, Navarro IT. Serological evidence for Saint Louis encephalitis virus in free-ranging New World monkeys and horses within the upper Paraná River basin region, Southern Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2014; 47:280-6. [PMID: 25075477 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0083-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) primarily occurs in the Americas and produces disease predominantly in humans. This study investigated the serological presence of SLEV in nonhuman primates and horses from southern Brazil. METHODS From June 2004 to December 2005, sera from 133 monkeys (Alouatta caraya, n=43; Sapajus nigritus, n=64; Sapajus cay, n=26) trap-captured at the Paraná River basin region and 23 blood samples from farm horses were obtained and used for the serological detection of a panel of 19 arboviruses. All samples were analyzed in a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay; positive monkey samples were confirmed in a mouse neutralization test (MNT). Additionally, all blood samples were inoculated into C6/36 cell culture for viral isolation. RESULTS Positive seroreactivity was only observed for SLEV. A prevalence of SLEV antibodies in sera was detected in Alouatta caraya (11.6%; 5/43), Sapajus nigritus (12.5%; 8/64), and S. cay (30.8%; 8/26) monkeys with the HI assay. Of the monkeys, 2.3% (1/42) of A. caraya, 6.3% 94/64) of S. nigritus, and 15.4% (4/26) of S. cay were positive for SLEV in the MNT. Additionally, SLEV antibodies were detected by HI in 39.1% (9/23) of the horses evaluated in this study. Arboviruses were not isolated from any blood sample. CONCLUSIONS These results confirmed the presence of SLEV in nonhuman primates and horses from southern Brazil. These findings most likely represent the first detection of this virus in nonhuman primates beyond the Amazon region. The detection of SLEV in animals within a geographical region distant from the Amazon basin suggests that there may be widespread and undiagnosed dissemination of this disease in Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walfrido Kühl Svoboda
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza (ILACVN), Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brasil
| | - Lívia Carício Martins
- Departamento de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Lucas M Aguiar
- Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Foz do Iguaçu, PR
| | - Gabriela Ludwig
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Primatas Brasileiros, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, João Pessoa, PB
| | | | | | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Basil
| | - Italmar Teodorico Navarro
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Basil
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Infection with Saint Louis encephalitis virus in the city of Ribeirao Preto, Brazil: report of one case. Int J Infect Dis 2014; 26:96-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
|
47
|
Bastos MS, Lessa N, Naveca FG, Monte RL, Braga WS, Figueiredo LTM, Ramasawmy R, Mourão MPG. Detection of Herpesvirus, Enterovirus, and Arbovirus infection in patients with suspected central nervous system viral infection in the Western Brazilian Amazon. J Med Virol 2014; 86:1522-7. [PMID: 24760682 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Acute infections of the central nervous system (CNS) can be caused by various pathogens. In this study, the presence of herpesviruses (HHV), enteroviruses (EVs), and arboviruses were investigated in CSF samples from 165 patients with suspected CNS viral infection through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcriptase PCR. The genomes of one or more viral agents were detected in 29.7% (49/165) of the CSF samples. EVs were predominant (16/49; 32.6%) followed by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (22.4%), Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) (20.4%), Cytomegalovirus (CMV) (18.4%), herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) (4.1%), (HSV-2) (4.1%), and the arboviruses (14.3%). Four of the arboviruses were of dengue virus (DENV) and three of oropouche virus (OROV). The detection of different viruses in the CNS of patients with meningitis or encephalitis highlight the importance of maintaining an active laboratory monitoring diagnostics with rapid methodology of high sensitivity in areas of viral hyperendemicity that may assist in clinical decisions and in the choice of antiviral therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele S Bastos
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Pauvolid-Corrêa A, Campos Z, Juliano R, Velez J, Nogueira RMR, Komar N. Serological evidence of widespread circulation of West Nile virus and other flaviviruses in equines of the Pantanal, Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2706. [PMID: 24551266 PMCID: PMC3923745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent study reported neutralizing antibodies to West Nile virus (WNV) in horses from four ranches of southern Pantanal. To extend that study, a serosurvey for WNV and 11 Brazilian flaviviruses was conducted with 760 equines, 238 sheep and 61 caimans from 17 local cattle ranches. Among the tested equines, 32 were collected from a ranch where a neurologic disorder outbreak had been recently reported. The sera were initially screened by using a blocking ELISA and then titrated by 90% plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT90) for 12 flaviviruses. Employing the criterion of 4-fold greater titer, 78 (10.3%) equines were seropositive for Ilheus virus, 59 (7.8%) for Saint Louis encephalitis virus, 24 (3.2%) for WNV, two (0.3%) for Cacipacore virus and one (0.1%) for Rocio virus. No serological evidence was found linking the neurological disease that affected local equines to WNV. All caimans and sheep were negative by blocking ELISA for flaviviruses. There were no seropositive equines for Bussuquara, Iguape, Yellow fever and all four Dengue virus serotypes. The detection of WNV-seropositive equines in ten ranches and ILHV and SLEV-seropositive equines in fourteen ranches of two different sub-regions of Pantanal is strong evidence of widespread circulation of these flaviviruses in the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Pavilhão Helio e Peggy Pereira, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Arbovirus Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- Fulbright Visiting Researcher in Doctorate Sandwich Program at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Zilca Campos
- Embrapa Pantanal, Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento, Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Raquel Juliano
- Embrapa Pantanal, Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento, Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jason Velez
- Arbovirus Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Rita Maria Ribeiro Nogueira
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Pavilhão Helio e Peggy Pereira, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nicholas Komar
- Arbovirus Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Figueiredo MLGD, Figueiredo LTM. Review on Infections of the Central Nervous System by St. Louis Encephalitis, Rocio and West Nile Flaviviruses in Brazil, 2004-2014. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2014.413106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
50
|
Seroprevalence of St. Louis encephalitis virus and West Nile virus (Flavivirus, Flaviviridae) in horses, Uruguay. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:582957. [PMID: 24490165 PMCID: PMC3891745 DOI: 10.1155/2013/582957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) belong to the Japanese encephalitis antigenic complex (Flavivirus genus, Flaviviridae family). They show antigenic close relationships and share many similarities in their ecology. Both are responsible for serious human diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of neutralizing antibodies to these viruses in horses from Uruguay. To do this, 425 horse sera were collected in 2007 and analyzed by plaque reduction neutralization tests. As a result, 205 sera (48.2%) were found positive for SLEV, with titers ranging between 10 and 80. Two sera remained inconclusive, since they showed low titers to WNV and SLEV (10 and 20), not allowing us to demonstrate activity of WNV in our territory. This is the first report of circulation of SLEV in horses in Uruguay.
Collapse
|