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Jha MK, Chandel HS, Pandey SP, Sarode A, Bodhale N, Bhattacharya-Majumdar S, Majumdar S, Saha B. Myotubularin-related protein-6 silencing protects mice from Leishmania donovani infection. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111589. [PMID: 38295542 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani resides within mammalian macrophages and alters its antigen-presenting functions to negatively regulate host-protective T cell responses. This negative regulation of human T cell responses in vitro is attributed to myotubularin-related protein-6 (MTMR6), an ion channel-associated phosphatase. As mouse and human MTMR6 share homology, we studied whether MTMR6 silencing by lentivirally expressed MTMR6shRNA (Lv-MTMR6shRNA) reduced Leishmania growth in macrophages and whether MTMR6 silencing in Leishmania-susceptible BALB/c mice reduced the infection and reinstated host-protective T cell functions. MTMR6 silencing reduced amastigote count and IL-10 production, increased IL-12 expression and, induced IFN-γ-secreting T cells with anti-leishmanial activity in macrophage-T cell co-cultures. Lv-MTMR6shRNA reduced the infection, accompanied by increased IFN-γ expression, in susceptible BALB/c mice. Delays in Lv-MTMR6shRNA treatment by 7 days post-infection significantly reduced the infection suggesting MTMR6 as a plausible therapeutic target. Priming of BALB/c mice with avirulent parasites and Lv-MTMR6shRNA reduced parasite burden in challenge infection. These results indicate that MTMR6 is the first receptor-regulated ion channel-associated phosphatase regulating anti-leishmanial immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Jha
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India
| | | | | | - Aditya Sarode
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India
| | - Neelam Bodhale
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India
| | | | - Subrata Majumdar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, CIT Scheme VII-M, Kolkata 700054, India.
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India.
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2
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Vijayakumar S, Kumar LL, Borkotoky S, Murali A. The Application of MD Simulation to Lead Identification, Vaccine Design, and Structural Studies in Combat against Leishmaniasis - A Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:1089-1111. [PMID: 37680156 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230901105231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Drug discovery, vaccine design, and protein interaction studies are rapidly moving toward the routine use of molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) and related methods. As a result of MDS, it is possible to gain insights into the dynamics and function of identified drug targets, antibody-antigen interactions, potential vaccine candidates, intrinsically disordered proteins, and essential proteins. The MDS appears to be used in all possible ways in combating diseases such as cancer, however, it has not been well documented as to how effectively it is applied to infectious diseases such as Leishmaniasis. As a result, this review aims to survey the application of MDS in combating leishmaniasis. We have systematically collected articles that illustrate the implementation of MDS in drug discovery, vaccine development, and structural studies related to Leishmaniasis. Of all the articles reviewed, we identified that only a limited number of studies focused on the development of vaccines against Leishmaniasis through MDS. Also, the PCA and FEL studies were not carried out in most of the studies. These two were globally accepted utilities to understand the conformational changes and hence it is recommended that this analysis should be taken up in similar approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Subhomoi Borkotoky
- Department of Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ayaluru Murali
- Department of Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
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3
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Feng H, Dai W. Case Report: FDG-PET/CT findings in co-infection of visceral leishmaniasis and chronic hepatitis B. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1175897. [PMID: 37325515 PMCID: PMC10264663 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1175897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is an opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients. Herein, we report a case of an adult male patient with a persistent fever of unknown origin, along with chronic hepatitis B. The patient underwent bone marrow aspiration twice, which revealed hemophagocytosis. Abdomen enhanced CT revealed splenomegaly with a persistent strengthening of multiple nodules, and hemangiomas were diagnosed. A subsequent 18-fluoro-deoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT scan, which was implemented to search for the reason for the fever, showed diffuse splenic disease uptake, and splenic lymphoma was considered as the diagnosis. His clinical symptoms improved after receiving hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) chemotherapy. However, the patient was readmitted for fever again only 2 months later. Splenectomy surgery is performed to confirm the diagnosis and classification of lymphoma. Visceral leishmaniasis was eventually diagnosed in a spleen specimen and the third bone marrow biopsy. He received treatment with lipid amphotericin B and remained recurrence-free for 1 year. In this paper, we aim to provide detailed information that will help further our understanding of the clinical symptoms and radiographic findings of visceral leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenli Dai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
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4
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Design, Rational Repurposing, Synthesis, In Vitro Evaluation, Homology Modeling and In Silico Study of Sulfuretin Analogs as Potential Antileishmanial Hit Compounds. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091058. [PMID: 36145279 PMCID: PMC9504330 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct growth inhibition of infectious organisms coupled with immunomodulation to counteract the immunosuppressive environment might be a beneficial therapeutic approach. Herein, a library of sulfuretin analogs were developed with potential capabilities to inhibit production of the immunosuppressive PGE2 and elicit direct growth inhibition against Leishmania donovani; the major causative agent of the fatal visceral leishmaniasis. Amongst explored library members bearing diverse methoxy and/or hydroxy substitution patterns at rings B and A, analog 1i retaining the C6-hydroxy moiety at ring-A, but possessing methoxy moieties in place of the polar dihydroxy moieties of sulfuretin ring-B, as well as analog 1q retaining the sulfuretin′s polar dihydroxy moieties at ring-B, but incorporating a C6-methoxy moiety instead of the C6-hydroxy moiety at ring-A, were the most promising hit compounds. Cytotoxicity evaluation suggested that analog 1i possesses a safety profile inducing the death of the parasite rather than host cells. In silico simulation provided insights into their possible binding with Leishmania donovani fumarate reductase. The current investigation presents sulfuretin analogs 1i and 1q as potential hit compounds for further development of multifunctional therapeutic agents against visceral leishmaniasis.
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Maruyama SR, Fuzo CA, Oliveira AER, Rogerio LA, Takamiya NT, Pessenda G, de Melo EV, da Silva AM, Jesus AR, Carregaro V, Nakaya HI, Almeida RP, da Silva JS. Insight Into the Long Noncoding RNA and mRNA Coexpression Profile in the Human Blood Transcriptome Upon Leishmania infantum Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:784463. [PMID: 35370994 PMCID: PMC8965071 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.784463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a vector-borne infectious disease that can be potentially fatal if left untreated. In Brazil, it is caused by Leishmania infantum parasites. Blood transcriptomics allows us to assess the molecular mechanisms involved in the immunopathological processes of several clinical conditions, namely, parasitic diseases. Here, we performed mRNA sequencing of peripheral blood from patients with visceral leishmaniasis during the active phase of the disease and six months after successful treatment, when the patients were considered clinically cured. To strengthen the study, the RNA-seq data analysis included two other non-diseased groups composed of healthy uninfected volunteers and asymptomatic individuals. We identified thousands of differentially expressed genes between VL patients and non-diseased groups. Overall, pathway analysis corroborated the importance of signaling involving interferons, chemokines, Toll-like receptors and the neutrophil response. Cellular deconvolution of gene expression profiles was able to discriminate cellular subtypes, highlighting the contribution of plasma cells and NK cells in the course of the disease. Beyond the biological processes involved in the immunopathology of VL revealed by the expression of protein coding genes (PCGs), we observed a significant participation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in our blood transcriptome dataset. Genome-wide analysis of lncRNAs expression in VL has never been performed. lncRNAs have been considered key regulators of disease progression, mainly in cancers; however, their pattern regulation may also help to understand the complexity and heterogeneity of host immune responses elicited by L. infantum infections in humans. Among our findings, we identified lncRNAs such as IL21-AS1, MIR4435-2HG and LINC01501 and coexpressed lncRNA/mRNA pairs such as CA3-AS1/CA1, GASAL1/IFNG and LINC01127/IL1R1-IL1R2. Thus, for the first time, we present an integrated analysis of PCGs and lncRNAs by exploring the lncRNA–mRNA coexpression profile of VL to provide insights into the regulatory gene network involved in the development of this inflammatory and infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Regina Maruyama
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Center for Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alessandro Fuzo
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Pharmaceutics Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Antonio Edson R Oliveira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana Aparecida Rogerio
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Center for Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Nayore Tamie Takamiya
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Center for Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Pessenda
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Enaldo Vieira de Melo
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital-Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Angela Maria da Silva
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital-Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Amélia Ribeiro Jesus
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital-Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Carregaro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Roque Pacheco Almeida
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital-Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - João Santana da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Fiocruz-Bi-Institutional Translational Medicine Platform, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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6
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Recurrence and Driving Factors of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Central China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189535. [PMID: 34574459 PMCID: PMC8468393 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an important vector-borne zoonosis caused by Leishmania spp. that has been spreading in China. It has been posing a significant risk to public health in central China due to its recurrence in recent decades. Yet, the spatiotemporal patterns and the driving factors of VL in central China remain unclear at present. The purpose of this study was to analyse spatiotemporal distribution, explore driving factors, and provide novel insight into prevention and control countermeasures of the VL spreading in central China. Based on data of human VL cases from 2006 to 2019 obtained from the Chinese Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), we depicted the map showing the spatiotemporal distribution of VL in central China. We further explored the driving factors contributing to the spread of VL through the general additive model (GAM) by combining maps of environmental, meteorological, and socioeconomic correlates. Most VL cases were reported in Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces, the number of which has been increasing every year in the last 14 years, from 3 new cases in 2006 to 101 new cases in 2019. The results of GAM revealed that environmental (i.e., changes in grasslands/forests), meteorological (i.e., temperature and relative humidity), and socioeconomic (i.e., population density) factors are significantly associated with the prevalence of VL in central China. Our results provide a better understanding regarding the current situation and the driving factors of VL in central China, assisting in developing the disease prevention and control strategies implemented by public health authorities.
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Hassan AHE, Phan TN, Yoon S, Lee CJ, Jeon HR, Kim SH, No JH, Lee YS. Pyrrolidine-based 3-deoxysphingosylphosphorylcholine analogs as possible candidates against neglected tropical diseases (NTDs): identification of hit compounds towards development of potential treatment of Leishmania donovani. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1922-1930. [PMID: 34425714 PMCID: PMC8386730 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1969385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A rational-based process was adopted for repurposing pyrrolidine-based 3-deoxysphingosylphosphorylcholine analogs bearing variable acyl chains, different stereochemical configuration and/or positional relationships. Structural features were highly influential on activity. Amongst, enantiomer 1e having 1,2-vicinal relationship for the -CH2O- and the N-acyl moieties, a saturated palmitoyl chain and an opposite stereochemical configuration to natural sphingolipids was the most potent hit compound against promastigotes showing IC50 value of 28.32 µM. The corresponding enantiomer 1a was 2-fold less potent showing a eudismic ratio of 0.54 in promastigotes. Compounds 1a and 1e inhibited the growth of amastigotes more potently relative to promastigotes. Amongst, enantiomer 1a as the more selective and safer. In silico docking study using a homology model of Leishmania donovani inositol phosphoceramide synthase (IPCS) provided plausible reasoning for the molecular factors underlying the found activity. Collectively, this study suggests compounds 1a and 1e as potential hit compounds for further development of new antileishmanial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H E Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Trong-Nhat Phan
- Leishmania Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Seolmin Yoon
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Jung Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Rim Jeon
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hwan No
- Leishmania Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Yong Sup Lee
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jafari M, Abolmaali SS, Tamaddon AM, Zomorodian K, Sarkari BS. Nanotechnology approaches for delivery and targeting of Amphotericin B in fungal and parasitic diseases. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:857-877. [PMID: 33890492 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amphotericin B (AMB), with widespread antifungal and anti-parasitic activities and low cross-resistance with other drugs, has long been identified as a potent antimicrobial drug. However, its clinical toxicities, especially nephrotoxicity, have limited its use in clinical practice. Lately, nano-based systems have been the subject of serious research and becoming an effective strategy to improve toxicity and antimicrobial potency. Commercial AMB lipid formulations have been developed in order to improve the therapeutic index and nephrotoxicity, while limited use is mainly due to their high cost. The review aimed to highlight the updated information on nanotechnology-based approaches to the development of AMB delivery and targeting systems for treatment of fungal diseases and leishmaniasis, regarding therapeutic challenges and achievements of various delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Jafari
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz PO Box 71345-1583, Iran
| | - Samira Sadat Abolmaali
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz PO Box 71345-1583, Iran.,Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, PO Box 71345-1583, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Tamaddon
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz PO Box 71345-1583, Iran.,Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, PO Box 71345-1583, Iran
| | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Department of Parasitology & Mycology, School of Medicines, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, PO Box 7134845794, Iran.,Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, PO Box 7134845794, Iran
| | - Bahador Shahriarirad Sarkari
- Department of Parasitology & Mycology, School of Medicines, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, PO Box 7134845794, Iran.,Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, PO Box 7134845794, Iran
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Clinical Misdiagnosis of COVID-19 Infection with Confusing Clinical Course. Case Rep Infect Dis 2021; 2021:6629966. [PMID: 33833882 PMCID: PMC8014250 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6629966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Similarities in the febrile course and other manifestations of some diseases may lead to clinical misdiagnosis of COVID-19 infection. Here, we report a case in a young child with a potentially confusing clinical course. Case Presentation. A 29-month-old boy presented with a 2-month history of fever. His PCR test for COVID-19 was positive, and there was pleural effusion plus positive findings in the lower left lobe of the lung on computed tomography scan. Mid-sized splenomegaly was found on abdominal ultrasound, and laboratory tests disclosed pancytopenia. In light of the atypical lymphocyte counts in laboratory tests, he underwent bone marrow aspiration. The suggested diagnosis was hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and prednisolone was initiated. Subsequently, Leishman-Donovan bodies were seen in the bone marrow aspirate, and treatment was started with amphotericin, which led to clinical improvement. Conclusion In cases with vague clinical symptoms in tropical countries where other infectious diseases occur, possible simultaneous infection should be considered even during a pandemic. Familiarity with the possible differential diagnoses and appropriate, step-by-step consideration to rule out other possible causes are needed in all situations, and the coexistence of infectious disease should be considered in evaluating the clinical conditions of patients in tropical countries.
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Hamwi AO, Mohammad AA, Hamwi SO, Mohammad RA, Shahin KY. Pediatric visceral leishmaniasis in Tartous, Syria. Avicenna J Med 2020; 10:223-226. [PMID: 33437694 PMCID: PMC7791284 DOI: 10.4103/ajm.ajm_168_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) type in Syria is Lashmania infantum, a fatal incapacitating disease, which is mostly seen in infants. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Hospital records of 19 children with VL were retrospectively reviewed. The period of the study was from June 2016 to July 2019. RESULTS The median age of the patients was 45.5 months. None was coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus or known to be immunocompromised. Pallor and anemia were observed in all cases, fever in 13 (68.42%), splenomegaly in 18 (94.7%), hepatomegaly in 11 (57.9%), thrombocytopenia in 15 (78.95%), and leukopenia in nine (47.4%). A bone marrow aspirate was obtained and Leishmania amastigotes were detected in all patients. All patients were initially treated with meglumine antimonate; one child did not respond and was treated with lipid formulations of amphotericin B. CONCLUSIONS Presentation of VL in the pediatric age group is characterized by pallor, fever, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly. Hematological and biochemical indices are typical with cytopenias. In all cases, microscopic examination provided a positive diagnosis. Despite recent reports on decreased responses to antimonial drugs of patients with Mediterranean VL, meglumine antimonate treatment appears to be still highly effective in Syria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Othman Hamwi
- College of Medicine, University of Tartous, Tartous, Syrian Arab Republic
| | | | - Sara Othman Hamwi
- College of Medicine, University of Tartous, Tartous, Syrian Arab Republic
| | | | - Kayss Younis Shahin
- Department of Paediatrics and Haematology, Tartous Children’s Hospital, Tartous, Syrian Arab Republic
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11
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Maruyama SR, de Santana AKM, Takamiya NT, Takahashi TY, Rogerio LA, Oliveira CAB, Milanezi CM, Trombela VA, Cruz AK, Jesus AR, Barreto AS, da Silva AM, Almeida RP, Ribeiro JM, Silva JS. Non-Leishmania Parasite in Fatal Visceral Leishmaniasis-Like Disease, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 25:2088-2092. [PMID: 31625841 PMCID: PMC6810192 DOI: 10.3201/eid2511.181548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Through whole-genome sequencing analysis, we identified non-Leishmania parasites isolated from a man with a fatal visceral leishmaniasis–like illness in Brazil. The parasites infected mice and reproduced the patient’s clinical manifestations. Molecular epidemiologic studies are needed to ascertain whether a new infectious disease is emerging that can be confused with leishmaniasis.
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12
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Norman FF, Comeche B, Chamorro S, López-Vélez R. Overcoming challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of parasitic infectious diseases in migrants. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2020; 18:127-143. [PMID: 31914335 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1713099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Recent increases in population movements have created novel health challenges in many areas of the World, and health policies have been adapted accordingly in several countries. However, screening guidelines for infectious diseases are not standardized and generally do not include comprehensive screening for parasitic infections.Areas covered: Malaria, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, amebiasis, filariases, strongyloidiasis, and schistosomiasis are reviewed, focusing on the challenges posed for their diagnosis and management in vulnerable populations such as migrants. The methodology included literature searches in public databases such as PubMed.gov and Google Scholar and search of the US National Library of Medicine online database of privately and publicly funded clinical studies (ClinicalTrials.gov) until November 2019.Expert opinion: Parasitic infections which may remain asymptomatic for prolonged periods, leading to chronic infection and complications, and/or may be transmitted in non-endemic areas are ideal candidates for screening. Proposed strategies to improve diagnosis in vulnerable groups such as migrants include facilitating access to healthcare in a multi-dimensional manner considering location, individual characteristics, and timing. Limitations and availability of specific diagnostic techniques should be addressed and focus on drug and vaccine development for these neglected infections should be prioritized through collaborative initiatives with public disclosure of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca F Norman
- National Referral Unit for Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belen Comeche
- National Referral Unit for Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Chamorro
- National Referral Unit for Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rogelio López-Vélez
- National Referral Unit for Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Negrão F, Fernandez-Costa C, Zorgi N, Giorgio S, Nogueira Eberlin M, Yates JR. Label-Free Proteomic Analysis Reveals Parasite-Specific Protein Alterations in Macrophages Following Leishmania amazonensis, Leishmania major, or Leishmania infantum Infection. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:851-862. [PMID: 30978002 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Leishmania is an obligate intracellular parasite known to modulate the host cell to survive and proliferate. However, the complexity of host-parasite interactions remains unclear. Also, the outcome of the disease has been recognized to be species-specific and dependent on the host's immune responses. Proteomics has emerged as a powerful tool to investigate the host-pathogen interface, allowing us to deepen our knowledge about infectious diseases. Quantification of the relative amount of proteins in a sample can be achieved using label-free proteomics, and for the first time, we have used it to quantify Leishmania-specific protein alterations in macrophages. Protein extracts were obtained and digested, and peptides were identified and quantified using nano-LC coupled with tandem mass spectrometry analyses. Protein expression was validated by Western blot analysis. Integrated Proteomics Pipeline was used for peptide/protein identification and for quantification and data processing. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used for network analysis. In this work, we investigated how this intracellular parasite modulates protein expression on a host macrophage by comparing three different Leishmania species- L. amazonensis, one of the causative agents of cutaneous disease in the Amazon region; L. major, another causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Africa, the Middle East, China, and India; L. infantum, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis affecting humans and dogs in Latin America-and lipopolysaccharide stimulated macrophages as an in vitro inflammation model. Our results revealed that Leishmania infection downregulates apoptosis pathways while upregulating the activation of phagocytes/leukocytes and lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Negrão
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, SR302, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, UNICAMP, Rua Josué de Castro SN, Room A111, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Carolina Fernandez-Costa
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, SR302, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Nahiara Zorgi
- Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Selma Giorgio
- Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Marcos Nogueira Eberlin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, UNICAMP, Rua Josué de Castro SN, Room A111, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - John R. Yates
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, SR302, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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14
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El Safadi D, Merhabi S, Rafei R, Mallat H, Hamze M, Acosta-Serrano A. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in north Lebanon: re-emergence of an important neglected tropical disease. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2019; 113:471-476. [DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trz030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most prevalent neglected tropical disease among externally displaced people in the Middle East. In recent years, the Lebanese population has increased >30%, mainly due to a mass influx of Syrian migrants, thousands of them carrying CL, among other infectious diseases. Here we revisit the current CL prevalence among refugees in northern Lebanon.
Methods
This cohort study was conducted at the Al Bashaer Medical Center in north Lebanon between January and June 2017. A total of 48 randomly selected suspected CL patients were clinically diagnosed by dermatologists and samples were obtained for microscopic examination and molecular identification by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism. The treatment response to antimonials was assessed each week and was followed for up 6 months.
Results
Leishmania tropica was the predominant species (91.7%) followed by Leishmania major (8.3%). Confirmed cases were treated with one to two courses of antimonials and healing was usually achieved after receiving a second course of treatment. Importantly, we show evidence of possible local CL transmission by indigenous sandflies in three separate patients who had no history of recent travel to Syria.
Conclusions
This highlights the urgent necessity to implement preventive disease strategies to avoid further dispersion of L. tropica CL in north Lebanon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima El Safadi
- Health and Environment Microbiology Laboratory, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Sabah Merhabi
- Health and Environment Microbiology Laboratory, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Rayane Rafei
- Health and Environment Microbiology Laboratory, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Hassan Mallat
- Health and Environment Microbiology Laboratory, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Monzer Hamze
- Health and Environment Microbiology Laboratory, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Alvaro Acosta-Serrano
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, England, UK
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15
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Adjunct Therapy of rIFN-g and rIL-17A along with Sub-optimal Dose of Amphotericin-B effectively Control the Leishmania donovani Parasitic Growth in Infected Mice. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.12.4.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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