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Wang HJ, Chen D, Ma ZH, Liu CF, Li WD, Hao Y, Yang JS, Lin QB, Zhang DW, Li Y, Yu Y, Cong W, Song LW. Molecular detection, subtyping of Blastocystis sp. in migratory birds from nature reserves in northeastern China. Acta Trop 2024; 258:107355. [PMID: 39122103 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Migratory birds play an important role in the cross-regional transmission of zoonotic pathogens. Assessing the presence of zoonotic pathogens carried by migratory birds is critical for disease control. However, information about Blastocystis infection in the migratory birds is very limited. Thus, we conducted this study with the aim to explore the occurrence, prevalence and subtyping of Blastocystis in four breeds of migratory birds in northeastern China. From October 2022 to April 2023, a total of 427 fresh fecal samples were obtained from four breeds of migratory birds in five nature reserves in northeastern China, and screened for Blastocystis by PCR amplification. Twenty-one (4.92 %) of the studied samples were confirmed Blastocystis-positive, and two known zoonotic subtypes ST6 and ST7 were founded, with ST7 being the major subtype. Until now, we firstly reported the infection status and subtyping of Blastocystis in the migratory Greater White-Fronted Goose, White Stork, Oriental White Stork and Bean Goose in China. More importantly, these findings present further data on the genetic diversity and transmission routes of Blastocystis and further arouse public health concerns about this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jun Wang
- Jilin Provincial Academy of Forestry Sciences, Changchun, 130117, China; Wildlife Rescue and Breeding Centre of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Di Chen
- Jilin Provincial Academy of Forestry Sciences, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Ma
- Jilin Provincial Academy of Forestry Sciences, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Cun-Fa Liu
- Wildlife Rescue and Breeding Centre of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Wei-Dong Li
- Jilin Provincial Academy of Forestry Sciences, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Yi Hao
- Jilin Changling Longfenghu Wetland Provincial Nature Reserve Administration, Songyuan, 131500, China
| | - Jing-Shuang Yang
- Jilin Chagan Lake National Nature Reserve Administration, Songyuan, 131199, China
| | - Qing-Bao Lin
- Jilin Xianghai National Nature Reserve Administration, Baicheng, 137211, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Jilin Yitong Volcano Group National Nature Reserve Administration, Siping, 130799, China
| | - Yang Li
- Jilin Yalu River Upstream National Nature Reserve Administration, Baishan, 134402, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Jilin Xianghai National Nature Reserve Administration, Baicheng, 137211, China
| | - Wei Cong
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Li-Wen Song
- Jilin Provincial Academy of Forestry Sciences, Changchun, 130117, China.
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Takadate Y, Mine J, Tsunekuni R, Sakuma S, Kumagai A, Nishiura H, Miyazawa K, Uchida Y. Genetic diversity of H5N1 and H5N2 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses isolated from poultry in Japan during the winter of 2022-2023. Virus Res 2024; 347:199425. [PMID: 38906223 PMCID: PMC11250885 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
High pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of the H5N1 and H5N2 subtypes were responsible for 84 HPAI outbreaks on poultry premises in Japan during October 2022-April 2023. The number of outbreaks during the winter of 2022-2023 is the largest ever reported in Japan. In this study, we performed phylogenetic analyses using the full genetic sequences of HPAIVs isolated in Japan during 2022-2023 and those obtained from a public database to identify their genetic origin. Based on the hemagglutinin genes, these HPAIVs were classified into the G2 group of clade 2.3.4.4b, whose ancestors were H5 HPAIVs that circulated in Europe in late 2020, and were then further divided into three subgroups (G2b, G2d, and G2c). Approximately one-third of these viruses were classified into the G2b and G2d groups, which also included H5N1 HPAIVs detected in Japan during 2021-2022. In contrast, the remaining two-thirds were classified into the G2c group, which originated from H5N1 HPAIVs isolated in Asian countries and Russia during the winter of 2021-2022. Unlike the G2b and G2d viruses, the G2c viruses were first detected in Japan in the fall of 2022. Importantly, G2c viruses caused the largest number of outbreaks throughout Japan over the longest period during the season. Phylogenetic analyses using eight segment genes revealed that G2b, G2d, and G2c viruses were divided into 2, 4, and 11 genotypes, respectively, because they have various internal genes closely related to those of avian influenza viruses detected in wild birds in recent years in Asia, Russia, and North America, respectively. These results suggest that HPAIVs were disseminated among migratory birds, which may have generated numerous reassortant viruses with various gene constellations, resulting in a considerable number of outbreaks during the winter of 2022-2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Takadate
- Emerging Virus Group, Division of Zoonosis Research, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki 305856, Japan
| | - Junki Mine
- Emerging Virus Group, Division of Zoonosis Research, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki 305856, Japan
| | - Ryota Tsunekuni
- Emerging Virus Group, Division of Zoonosis Research, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki 305856, Japan
| | - Saki Sakuma
- Emerging Virus Group, Division of Zoonosis Research, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki 305856, Japan
| | - Asuka Kumagai
- Emerging Virus Group, Division of Zoonosis Research, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki 305856, Japan
| | - Hayate Nishiura
- Emerging Virus Group, Division of Zoonosis Research, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki 305856, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Miyazawa
- Emerging Virus Group, Division of Zoonosis Research, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki 305856, Japan
| | - Yuko Uchida
- Emerging Virus Group, Division of Zoonosis Research, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki 305856, Japan.
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McMenamy MJ, McKenna R, Bailie VB, Cunningham B, Jeffers A, McCullough K, Forsythe C, Cuartero LG, Flynn O, Byrne C, Connaghan E, Moriarty J, Fanning J, Ronan S, Barrett D, Fusaro A, Monne I, Terregino C, James J, Byrne AMP, Lean FZX, Núñez A, Reid SM, Hansen R, Brown IH, Banyard AC, Lemon K. Evaluating the Impact of Low-Pathogenicity Avian Influenza H6N1 Outbreaks in United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland Poultry Farms during 2020. Viruses 2024; 16:1147. [PMID: 39066308 PMCID: PMC11281592 DOI: 10.3390/v16071147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In January 2020, increased mortality was reported in a small broiler breeder flock in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. Gross pathological findings included coelomitis, oophoritis, salpingitis, visceral gout, splenomegaly, and renomegaly. Clinical presentation included inappetence, pronounced diarrhoea, and increased egg deformation. These signs, in combination with increased mortality, triggered a notifiable avian disease investigation. High pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) was not suspected, as mortality levels and clinical signs were not consistent with HPAIV. Laboratory investigation demonstrated the causative agent to be a low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV), subtype H6N1, resulting in an outbreak that affected 15 premises in Northern Ireland. The H6N1 virus was also associated with infection on 13 premises in the Republic of Ireland and six in Great Britain. The close genetic relationship between the viruses in Ireland and Northern Ireland suggested a direct causal link whereas those in Great Britain were associated with exposure to a common ancestral virus. Overall, this rapidly spreading outbreak required the culling of over 2 million birds across the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland to stamp out the incursion. This report demonstrates the importance of investigating LPAIV outbreaks promptly, given their substantial economic impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. McMenamy
- Virological Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Virology Branch, Agri-Food and Bioscience Institute, Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
| | - Robyn McKenna
- Virological Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Virology Branch, Agri-Food and Bioscience Institute, Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
| | - Valerie B. Bailie
- Virological Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Virology Branch, Agri-Food and Bioscience Institute, Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
| | - Ben Cunningham
- Virological Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Virology Branch, Agri-Food and Bioscience Institute, Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
| | - Adam Jeffers
- Virological Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Virology Branch, Agri-Food and Bioscience Institute, Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
| | - Kelly McCullough
- Virological Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Virology Branch, Agri-Food and Bioscience Institute, Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
| | - Catherine Forsythe
- Disease Surveillance & Investigation Branch, Agri-Food and Bioscience Institute, Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
| | - Laura Garza Cuartero
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, DAFM, Backweston Campus, Stacummy Lane, W23 X3PH Celbridge, Ireland
| | - Orla Flynn
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, DAFM, Backweston Campus, Stacummy Lane, W23 X3PH Celbridge, Ireland
| | - Christina Byrne
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, DAFM, Backweston Campus, Stacummy Lane, W23 X3PH Celbridge, Ireland
| | - Emily Connaghan
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, DAFM, Backweston Campus, Stacummy Lane, W23 X3PH Celbridge, Ireland
| | - John Moriarty
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, DAFM, Backweston Campus, Stacummy Lane, W23 X3PH Celbridge, Ireland
| | - June Fanning
- National Disease Control Centre, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Agriculture House, Kildare Street, D02 WK12 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephanie Ronan
- National Disease Control Centre, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Agriculture House, Kildare Street, D02 WK12 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Damien Barrett
- National Disease Control Centre, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Agriculture House, Kildare Street, D02 WK12 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alice Fusaro
- European Union Reference Laboratory (EURL) for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Padua, Italy
| | - Isabella Monne
- European Union Reference Laboratory (EURL) for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Padua, Italy
| | - Calogero Terregino
- European Union Reference Laboratory (EURL) for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Padua, Italy
| | - Joe James
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency—Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Alexander M. P. Byrne
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency—Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Fabian Z. X. Lean
- Pathology and Animal Sciences Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency—Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Alejandro Núñez
- Pathology and Animal Sciences Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency—Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Scott M. Reid
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency—Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Rowena Hansen
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency—Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Ian H. Brown
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency—Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK
- Now the Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Woking GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Ashley C. Banyard
- Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency—Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Ken Lemon
- Virological Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Virology Branch, Agri-Food and Bioscience Institute, Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
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Mao Q, Li Z, Li Y, Zhang Y, Liu S, Yin X, Peng C, Ma R, Li J, Hou G, Jiang W, Liu H. H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus in migratory birds exhibiting low pathogenicity in mallards increases its risk of transmission and spread in poultry. Vet Microbiol 2024; 292:110038. [PMID: 38458047 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
In 2020, an H5N1 avian influenza virus of clade 2.3.4.4b was detected in Europe for the first time and was spread throughout the world by wild migratory birds, resulting in the culling of an unprecedented number of wild birds and poultry due to the epidemic. In February 2023, we isolated and identified a strain of H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus from a swab sample from a grey crane in Ningxia, China. Phylogenetic analysis of the Hemagglutinin (HA) gene showed that the virus belonged to clade 2.3.4.4b, and several gene segments were closely related to H5N1 viruses infecting humans in China. Analysis of key amino acid sites revealed that the virus contained multiple amino acid substitutions that facilitate enhanced viral replication and mammalian pathogenicity. The results of animal challenge experiments showed that the virus is highly pathogenic to chickens, moderately pathogenic to BALB/c mice, and highly infectious but not lethal to mallards. Moreover, the virus exhibited minor antigenic drift compared with the H5-Re14 vaccine strain. To this end, we need to pay more attention to the monitoring of wild birds to prevent further spread of viruses to poultry and mammals, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Mao
- Avian Diseases Surveillance Laboratory, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, PR China
| | - Zhixin Li
- Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Yinchuan 750001, PR China
| | - Yuecheng Li
- Monitoring Center for Terrestrial Wildlife Epidemic Diseases, Yinchuan 750001, PR China
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- Avian Diseases Surveillance Laboratory, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Avian Diseases Surveillance Laboratory, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, PR China
| | - Xin Yin
- Avian Diseases Surveillance Laboratory, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, PR China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Avian Diseases Surveillance Laboratory, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, PR China
| | - Rui Ma
- Monitoring Center for Terrestrial Wildlife Epidemic Diseases, Yinchuan 750001, PR China
| | - Jinping Li
- Avian Diseases Surveillance Laboratory, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, PR China
| | - Guangyu Hou
- Avian Diseases Surveillance Laboratory, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, PR China
| | - Wenming Jiang
- Avian Diseases Surveillance Laboratory, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, PR China.
| | - Hualei Liu
- Avian Diseases Surveillance Laboratory, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, PR China.
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5
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Wibawa H, Wibowo PE, Supriyadi A, Lestari L, Silaban J, Fuadi AA, Fiqri AJ, Handayani RW, Irianingsih SH, Fahmia Z, Mulyawan H, Idris S, Zainuddin N. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Clade 2.3.4.4b in Domestic Ducks, Indonesia, 2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:586-590. [PMID: 38407163 PMCID: PMC10902521 DOI: 10.3201/eid3003.230973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses were isolated from domestic ducks in South Kalimantan, Indonesia, during April 2022. The viruses were genetically similar to those detected in East Asia during 2021-2022. Molecular surveillance of wild birds is needed to detect potential pandemic threats from avian influenza virus.
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Fair JM, Al-Hmoud N, Alrwashdeh M, Bartlow AW, Balkhamishvili S, Daraselia I, Elshoff A, Fakhouri L, Javakhishvili Z, Khoury F, Muzyka D, Ninua L, Tsao J, Urushadze L, Owen J. Transboundary determinants of avian zoonotic infectious diseases: challenges for strengthening research capacity and connecting surveillance networks. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1341842. [PMID: 38435695 PMCID: PMC10907996 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1341842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
As the climate changes, global systems have become increasingly unstable and unpredictable. This is particularly true for many disease systems, including subtypes of highly pathogenic avian influenzas (HPAIs) that are circulating the world. Ecological patterns once thought stable are changing, bringing new populations and organisms into contact with one another. Wild birds continue to be hosts and reservoirs for numerous zoonotic pathogens, and strains of HPAI and other pathogens have been introduced into new regions via migrating birds and transboundary trade of wild birds. With these expanding environmental changes, it is even more crucial that regions or counties that previously did not have surveillance programs develop the appropriate skills to sample wild birds and add to the understanding of pathogens in migratory and breeding birds through research. For example, little is known about wild bird infectious diseases and migration along the Mediterranean and Black Sea Flyway (MBSF), which connects Europe, Asia, and Africa. Focusing on avian influenza and the microbiome in migratory wild birds along the MBSF, this project seeks to understand the determinants of transboundary disease propagation and coinfection in regions that are connected by this flyway. Through the creation of a threat reduction network for avian diseases (Avian Zoonotic Disease Network, AZDN) in three countries along the MBSF (Georgia, Ukraine, and Jordan), this project is strengthening capacities for disease diagnostics; microbiomes; ecoimmunology; field biosafety; proper wildlife capture and handling; experimental design; statistical analysis; and vector sampling and biology. Here, we cover what is required to build a wild bird infectious disease research and surveillance program, which includes learning skills in proper bird capture and handling; biosafety and biosecurity; permits; next generation sequencing; leading-edge bioinformatics and statistical analyses; and vector and environmental sampling. Creating connected networks for avian influenzas and other pathogen surveillance will increase coordination and strengthen biosurveillance globally in wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M. Fair
- Genomics and Bioanalytics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Nisreen Al-Hmoud
- Bio-Safety and Bio-Security Center, Royal Scientific Society, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mu’men Alrwashdeh
- Bio-Safety and Bio-Security Center, Royal Scientific Society, Amman, Jordan
| | - Andrew W. Bartlow
- Genomics and Bioanalytics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | | | - Ivane Daraselia
- Center of Wildlife Disease Ecology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | | | - Zura Javakhishvili
- Center of Wildlife Disease Ecology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Fares Khoury
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, Madaba, Jordan
| | - Denys Muzyka
- National Scientific Center, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Jean Tsao
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Lela Urushadze
- National Center for Disease Control and Public Health (NCDC) of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Jennifer Owen
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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7
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Husain M. Influenza A Virus and Acetylation: The Picture Is Becoming Clearer. Viruses 2024; 16:131. [PMID: 38257831 PMCID: PMC10820114 DOI: 10.3390/v16010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is one of the most circulated human pathogens, and influenza disease, commonly known as the flu, remains one of the most recurring and prevalent infectious human diseases globally. IAV continues to challenge existing vaccines and antiviral drugs via its ability to evolve constantly. It is critical to identify the molecular determinants of IAV pathogenesis to understand the basis of flu severity in different populations and design improved antiviral strategies. In recent years, acetylation has been identified as one of the determinants of IAV pathogenesis. Acetylation was originally discovered as an epigenetic protein modification of histones. But, it is now known to be one of the ubiquitous protein modifications of both histones and non-histone proteins and a determinant of proteome complexity. Since our first observation in 2007, significant progress has been made in understanding the role of acetylation during IAV infection. Now, it is becoming clearer that acetylation plays a pro-IAV function via at least three mechanisms: (1) by reducing the host's sensing of IAV infection, (2) by dampening the host's innate antiviral response against IAV, and (3) by aiding the stability and function of viral and host proteins during IAV infection. In turn, IAV antagonizes the host deacetylases, which erase acetylation, to facilitate its replication. This review provides an overview of the research progress made on this subject so far and outlines research prospects for the significance of IAV-acetylation interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matloob Husain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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8
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Elli S, Raffaini G, Guerrini M, Kosakovsky Pond S, Matrosovich M. Molecular modeling and phylogenetic analyses highlight the role of amino acid 347 of the N1 subtype neuraminidase in influenza virus host range and interspecies adaptation. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1309156. [PMID: 38169695 PMCID: PMC10758481 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1309156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The N1 neuraminidases (NAs) of avian and pandemic human influenza viruses contain tyrosine and asparagine, respectively, at position 347 on the rim of the catalytic site; the biological significance of this difference is not clear. Here, we used molecular dynamics simulation to model the effects of amino acid 347 on N1 NA interactions with sialyllacto-N-tetraoses 6'SLN-LC and 3'SLN-LC, which represent NA substrates in humans and birds, respectively. Our analysis predicted that Y347 plays an important role in the NA preference for the avian-type substrates. The Y347N substitution facilitates hydrolysis of human-type substrates by resolving steric conflicts of the Neu5Ac2-6Gal moiety with the bulky side chain of Y347, decreasing the free energy of substrate binding, and increasing the solvation of the Neu5Ac2-6Gal bond. Y347 was conserved in all N1 NA sequences of avian influenza viruses in the GISAID EpiFlu database with two exceptions. First, the Y347F substitution was present in the NA of a specific H6N1 poultry virus lineage and was associated with the substitutions G228S and/or E190V/L in the receptor-binding site (RBS) of the hemagglutinin (HA). Second, the highly pathogenic avian H5N1 viruses of the Gs/Gd lineage contained sporadic variants with the NA substitutions Y347H/D, which were frequently associated with substitutions in the HA RBS. The Y347N substitution occurred following the introductions of avian precursors into humans and pigs with N/D347 conserved during virus circulation in these hosts. Comparative evolutionary analysis of site 347 revealed episodic positive selection across the entire tree and negative selection within most host-specific groups of viruses, suggesting that substitutions at NA position 347 occurred during host switches and remained under pervasive purifying selection thereafter. Our results elucidate the role of amino acid 347 in NA recognition of sialoglycan substrates and emphasize the significance of substitutions at position 347 as a marker of host range and adaptive evolution of influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Elli
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche ‘G. Ronzoni’, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Raffaini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Guerrini
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche ‘G. Ronzoni’, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergei Kosakovsky Pond
- Institute for Genomics and Evolutionary Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Charostad J, Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd M, Mahmoudvand S, Bashash D, Hashemi SMA, Nakhaie M, Zandi K. A comprehensive review of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1: An imminent threat at doorstep. Travel Med Infect Dis 2023; 55:102638. [PMID: 37652253 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are globally challenging due to widespread circulation and high mortality rates. Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) strains like H5N1 have caused significant outbreaks in birds. Since 2003 to 14 July 2023, the World Health Organization (WHO) has documented 878 cases of HPAI H5N1 infection in humans and 458 (52.16%) fatalities in 23 countries. Recent outbreaks in wild birds, domestic birds, sea lions, minks, and etc., and the occurrence of genetic variations among HPAI H5N1 strains raise concerns about potential transmission and public health risks. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding and new insights into HPAI H5N1. It begins with an introduction to the significance of studying this virus and highlighting the need for updated knowledge. The origin and evaluation of HPAI H5N1 are examined, shedding light on its emergence, and spread across different geographic regions. The genome organization and structural biology of the H5N1 virus are explored, providing insights into its molecular composition and key structural features. This manuscript also delves into the phylogeny, evolution, mutational trends, reservoirs, and transmission routes of HPAI H5N1. The immune response against HPAI H5N1 and its implications for vaccine development are analyzed, along with an exploration of the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of HPAI H5N1 in human cases. Furthermore, diagnostic tools and preventive and therapeutic strategies are discussed, highlighting the current approaches and potential future directions for better management of the potential pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Charostad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoghi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahab Mahmoudvand
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Hashemi
- Department of Bacteriology & Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nakhaie
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Keivan Zandi
- Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA; Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Center (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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