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Takeo Y, Crite M, DiMaio D. γ-secretase facilitates retromer-mediated retrograde transport. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.07.597932. [PMID: 38895404 PMCID: PMC11185792 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.07.597932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The retromer complex mediates retrograde transport of protein cargos from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). γ-secretase is a multisubunit protease that cleaves the transmembrane domain of its target proteins. Mutations in genes encoding subunits of retromer or γ-secretase can cause familial Alzheimer disease (AD) and other degenerative neurological diseases. It has been reported that retromer interacts with γ-secretase, but the consequences of this interaction are not known. Here, we report that retromer-mediated retrograde protein trafficking in cultured human epithelial cells is impaired by inhibition of γ-secretase activity or by genetic elimination of γ-secretase. γ-secretase inhibitor XXI and knockout of PS1, the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase, inhibit endosome to TGN trafficking of retromer-dependent retrograde cargos, divalent metal transporter 1 isoform II (DMT1-II), cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CIMPR), and shiga toxin. Trafficking of retromer-independent cargos, such as cholera toxin and a CIMPR mutant that does not bind to retromer was not affected by γ-secretase inhibition. XXI treatment and PS1 KO inhibit interaction of γ-secretase with retromer but do not inhibit the association of cargo with retromer or with γ-secretase in intact cells. Similarly, these treatments do not affect the level of Rab7-GTP, which regulates retromer-cargo interaction. These results suggest that the γ-secretase-retromer interaction facilitates retromer-mediated retrograde trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Takeo
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine
| | - Mac Crite
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine
- Current affiliation: American University
| | - Daniel DiMaio
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine
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2
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Bronchain O, Ducos B, Putzer H, Delagrange M, Laalami S, Philippe-Caraty L, Saroul K, Ciapa B. Natural antisense transcription of presenilin in sea urchin reveals a possible role for natural antisense transcription in the general control of gene expression during development. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261284. [PMID: 37345489 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
One presenilin gene (PSEN) is expressed in the sea urchin embryo, in the vegetal pole of the gastrula and then mainly in cilia cells located around the digestive system of the pluteus, as we recently have reported. PSEN expression must be accurately regulated for correct execution of these two steps of development. While investigating PSEN expression changes in embryos after expansion of endoderm with LiCl or of ectoderm with Zn2+ by whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) and quantitative PCR (qPCR), we detected natural antisense transcription of PSEN. We then found that Endo16 and Wnt5, markers of endo-mesoderm, and of Hnf6 and Gsc, markers of ectoderm, are also sense and antisense transcribed. We discuss that general gene expression could depend on both sense and antisense transcription. This mechanism, together with the PSEN gene, should be included in gene regulatory networks (GRNs) that theorize diverse processes in this species. We suggest that it would also be relevant to investigate natural antisense transcription of PSEN in the field of Alzheimer's disease (AD) where the role of human PSEN1 and PSEN2 is well known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Bronchain
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, UMR CNRS 9197, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Ducos
- High Throughput qPCR Core Facility of the ENS, Université PSL, IBENS, Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Harald Putzer
- CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Expression Génétique Microbienne, IBPC, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marine Delagrange
- High Throughput qPCR Core Facility of the ENS, Université PSL, IBENS, Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Soumaya Laalami
- CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Expression Génétique Microbienne, IBPC, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Philippe-Caraty
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Krystel Saroul
- Institut CURIE, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM U932, Immunité et Cancer, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Brigitte Ciapa
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, UMR CNRS 9197, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France
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3
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Ringman JM, Dorrani N, Fernández SG, Signer R, Martinez-Agosto J, Lee H, Douine ED, Qiao Y, Shi Y, D’Orazio L, Pawar S, Robbie L, Kashani AH, Singer M, Byers JT, Magaki S, Guzman S, Sagare A, Zlokovic B, Cederbaum S, Nelson S, Sheikh-Bahaei N, Chui HC, Chávez-Gutiérrez L, Vinters HV. Characterization of spastic paraplegia in a family with a novel PSEN1 mutation. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad030. [PMID: 36895955 PMCID: PMC9991506 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Spastic paraparesis has been described to occur in 13.7% of PSEN1 mutations and can be the presenting feature in 7.5%. In this paper, we describe a family with a particularly young onset of spastic paraparesis due to a novel mutation in PSEN1 (F388S). Three affected brothers underwent comprehensive imaging protocols, two underwent ophthalmological evaluations and one underwent neuropathological examination after his death at age 29. Age of onset was consistently at age 23 with spastic paraparesis, dysarthria and bradyphrenia. Pseudobulbar affect followed with progressive gait problems leading to loss of ambulation in the late 20s. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of amyloid-β, tau and phosphorylated tau and florbetaben PET were consistent with Alzheimer's disease. Flortaucipir PET showed an uptake pattern atypical for Alzheimer's disease, with disproportionate signal in posterior brain areas. Diffusion tensor imaging showed decreased mean diffusivity in widespread areas of white matter but particularly in areas underlying the peri-Rolandic cortex and in the corticospinal tracts. These changes were more severe than those found in carriers of another PSEN1 mutation, which can cause spastic paraparesis at a later age (A431E), which were in turn more severe than among persons carrying autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease mutations not causing spastic paraparesis. Neuropathological examination confirmed the presence of cotton wool plaques previously described in association with spastic parapresis and pallor and microgliosis in the corticospinal tract with severe amyloid-β pathology in motor cortex but without unequivocal disproportionate neuronal loss or tau pathology. In vitro modelling of the effects of the mutation demonstrated increased production of longer length amyloid-β peptides relative to shorter that predicted the young age of onset. In this paper, we provide imaging and neuropathological characterization of an extreme form of spastic paraparesis occurring in association with autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease, demonstrating robust diffusion and pathological abnormalities in white matter. That the amyloid-β profiles produced predicted the young age of onset suggests an amyloid-driven aetiology though the link between this and the white matter pathology remains undefined.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Ringman
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | | | - Sara Gutiérrez Fernández
- Department of Neurosciences, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Rebecca Signer
- Department of Human Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Hane Lee
- Department of Human Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Emilie D Douine
- Department of Human Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yuchuan Qiao
- Department of Neurology, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yonggang Shi
- Department of Neurology, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Lina D’Orazio
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Sanjay Pawar
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Leah Robbie
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Amir H Kashani
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Maxwell Singer
- Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Joshua T Byers
- Section of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shino Magaki
- Section of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sam Guzman
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine at USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Abhay Sagare
- Zilkha Neurogenetics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Berislav Zlokovic
- Zilkha Neurogenetics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Stephen Cederbaum
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stanley Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nasim Sheikh-Bahaei
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Helena C Chui
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Lucía Chávez-Gutiérrez
- Department of Neurosciences, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Harry V Vinters
- Section of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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4
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Contreras W, Wiesehöfer C, Schreier D, Leinung N, Peche P, Wennemuth G, Gentzel M, Schröder B, Mentrup T. C11orf94/Frey is a key regulator for male fertility by controlling Izumo1 complex assembly. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo6049. [PMID: 35960805 PMCID: PMC9374335 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo6049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Although gamete fusion represents the central event in sexual reproduction, the required protein machinery is poorly defined. In sperm cells, Izumo1 and several Izumo1-associated proteins play an essential role for this process. However, so far, the mechanisms underlying transport and maturation of Izumo1 and its incorporation into high molecular weight complexes are incompletely defined. Here, we provide a detailed characterization of the C11orf94 protein, which we rename Frey, which provides a platform for the assembly of Izumo1 complexes. By retaining Izumo1 in the endoplasmic reticulum, Frey facilitates its incorporation into high molecular weight complexes. To fulfill its function, the unstable Frey protein is stabilized within the catalytic center of an intramembrane protease. Loss of Frey results in reduced assembly of Izumo1 complexes and male infertility due to impaired gamete fusion. Collectively, these findings provide mechanistic insights into the early biogenesis and functional relevance of Izumo1 complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whendy Contreras
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Caroline Wiesehöfer
- Department of Anatomy, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dora Schreier
- CRISPR-Cas9 Facility, Experimental Center of the Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nadja Leinung
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Petra Peche
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gunther Wennemuth
- Department of Anatomy, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marc Gentzel
- Core Facility Molecular Analysis–Mass Spectrometry, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Schröder
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Torben Mentrup
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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5
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Lastun VL, Levet C, Freeman M. The mammalian rhomboid protein RHBDL4 protects against endoplasmic reticulum stress by regulating the morphology and distribution of ER sheets. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101935. [PMID: 35436469 PMCID: PMC9136127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In metazoans, the architecture of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs between cell types and undergoes major changes throughout the cell cycle and according to physiological needs. Although much is known about how the different ER morphologies are generated and maintained, especially ER tubules, how context-dependent changes in ER shape and distribution are regulated and the factors involved are less well characterized, as are the factors that contribute to the positioning of the ER within the cell. By overexpression and KO experiments, we show that the levels of RHBDL4, an ER-resident rhomboid protease, modulate the shape and distribution of the ER, especially during conditions that require rapid changes in the ER sheet distribution, such as ER stress. We demonstrate that RHBDL4 interacts with cytoskeleton-linking membrane protein 63 (CLIMP-63), a protein involved in ER sheet stabilization, as well as with the cytoskeleton. Furthermore, we found that mice lacking RHBDL4 are sensitive to ER stress and develop liver steatosis, a phenotype associated with unresolved ER stress. Taken together, these data suggest a new physiological role for RHBDL4 and also imply that this function does not require its enzymatic activity.
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6
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Storey CL, Williams RSB, Fisher PR, Annesley SJ. Dictyostelium discoideum: A Model System for Neurological Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030463. [PMID: 35159273 PMCID: PMC8833889 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The incidence of neurological disorders is increasing due to population growth and extended life expectancy. Despite advances in the understanding of these disorders, curative strategies for treatment have not yet eventuated. In part, this is due to the complexities of the disorders and a lack of identification of their specific underlying pathologies. Dictyostelium discoideum has provided a useful, simple model to aid in unraveling the complex pathological characteristics of neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses and lissencephaly. In addition, D. discoideum has proven to be an innovative model for pharmaceutical research in the neurological field. Scope of review: This review describes the contributions of D. discoideum in the field of neurological research. The continued exploration of proteins implicated in neurological disorders in D. discoideum may elucidate their pathological roles and fast-track curative therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Louise Storey
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia; (C.L.S.); (P.R.F.)
| | - Robin Simon Brooke Williams
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK;
| | - Paul Robert Fisher
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia; (C.L.S.); (P.R.F.)
| | - Sarah Jane Annesley
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia; (C.L.S.); (P.R.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-394-791-412
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7
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Hernandez-Sapiens MA, Reza-Zaldívar EE, Márquez-Aguirre AL, Gómez-Pinedo U, Matias-Guiu J, Cevallos RR, Mateos-Díaz JC, Sánchez-González VJ, Canales-Aguirre AA. Presenilin mutations and their impact on neuronal differentiation in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:31-37. [PMID: 34100423 PMCID: PMC8451546 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.313016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The presenilin genes (PSEN1 and PSEN2) are mainly responsible for causing early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease, harboring ~300 causative mutations, and representing ~90% of all mutations associated with a very aggressive disease form. Presenilin 1 is the catalytic core of the γ-secretase complex that conducts the intramembranous proteolytic excision of multiple transmembrane proteins like the amyloid precursor protein, Notch-1, N- and E-cadherin, LRP, Syndecan, Delta, Jagged, CD44, ErbB4, and Nectin1a. Presenilin 1 plays an essential role in neural progenitor maintenance, neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth, synaptic function, neuronal function, myelination, and plasticity. Therefore, an imbalance caused by mutations in presenilin 1/γ-secretase might cause aberrant signaling, synaptic dysfunction, memory impairment, and increased Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, contributing to neurodegeneration during the initial stages of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. This review focuses on the neuronal differentiation dysregulation mediated by PSEN1 mutations in Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of Alzheimer's disease-induced pluripotent stem cells models in analyzing PSEN1 mutations implication over the early stages of the Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis throughout neuronal differentiation impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes A Hernandez-Sapiens
- Unidad de Evaluación Preclínica, Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, México
| | - Edwin E Reza-Zaldívar
- Unidad de Evaluación Preclínica, Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, México
| | - Ana L Márquez-Aguirre
- Unidad de Evaluación Preclínica, Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, México
| | - Ulises Gómez-Pinedo
- Instituto de Neurociencias, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
| | - Jorge Matias-Guiu
- Instituto de Neurociencias, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
| | - Ricardo R Cevallos
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Juan C Mateos-Díaz
- Unidad de Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, México
| | | | - Alejandro A Canales-Aguirre
- Unidad de Evaluación Preclínica, Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, México
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8
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Williams RSB, Chubb JR, Insall R, King JS, Pears CJ, Thompson E, Weijer CJ. Moving the Research Forward: The Best of British Biology Using the Tractable Model System Dictyostelium discoideum. Cells 2021; 10:3036. [PMID: 34831258 PMCID: PMC8616412 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum provides an excellent model for research across a broad range of disciplines within biology. The organism diverged from the plant, yeast, fungi and animal kingdoms around 1 billion years ago but retains common aspects found in these kingdoms. Dictyostelium has a low level of genetic complexity and provides a range of molecular, cellular, biochemical and developmental biology experimental techniques, enabling multidisciplinary studies to be carried out in a wide range of areas, leading to research breakthroughs. Numerous laboratories within the United Kingdom employ Dictyostelium as their core research model. This review introduces Dictyostelium and then highlights research from several leading British research laboratories, covering their distinct areas of research, the benefits of using the model, and the breakthroughs that have arisen due to the use of Dictyostelium as a tractable model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin S. B. Williams
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Jonathan R. Chubb
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Robert Insall
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK;
| | - Jason S. King
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;
| | - Catherine J. Pears
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK;
| | - Elinor Thompson
- School of Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Chatham ME4 4TB, UK;
| | - Cornelis J. Weijer
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK;
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9
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Bronchain O, Philippe-Caraty L, Anquetil V, Ciapa B. Precise regulation of presenilin expression is required for sea urchin early development. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs258382. [PMID: 34313316 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Presenilins (PSENs) are widely expressed across eukaryotes. Two PSENs are expressed in humans, where they play a crucial role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Each PSEN can be part of the γ-secretase complex, which has multiple substrates, including Notch and amyloid-β precursor protein (AβPP) - the source of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides that compose the senile plaques during AD. PSENs also interact with various proteins independently of their γ-secretase activity. They can then be involved in numerous cellular functions, which makes their role in a given cell and/or organism complex to decipher. We have established the Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin embryo as a new model to study the role of PSEN. In the sea urchin embryo, the PSEN gene is present in unduplicated form and encodes a protein highly similar to human PSENs. Our results suggest that PSEN expression must be precisely tuned to control the course of the first mitotic cycles and the associated intracellular Ca2+ transients, the execution of gastrulation and, probably in association with ciliated cells, the establishment of the pluteus. We suggest that it would be relevant to study the role of PSEN within the gene regulatory network deciphered in the sea urchin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Bronchain
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Laetitia Philippe-Caraty
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Vincent Anquetil
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau (ICM), F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Ciapa
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
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10
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Contino S, Suelves N, Vrancx C, Vadukul DM, Payen VL, Stanga S, Bertrand L, Kienlen-Campard P. Presenilin-Deficient Neurons and Astrocytes Display Normal Mitochondrial Phenotypes. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:586108. [PMID: 33551720 PMCID: PMC7862347 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.586108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Presenilin 1 (PS1) and Presenilin 2 (PS2) are predominantly known as the catalytic subunits of the γ-secretase complex that generates the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide, the major constituent of the senile plaques found in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Apart from their role in γ-secretase activity, a growing number of cellular functions have been recently attributed to PSs. Notably, PSs were found to be enriched in mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) where mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) interact. PS2 was more specifically reported to regulate calcium shuttling between these two organelles by controlling the formation of functional MAMs. We have previously demonstrated in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) an altered mitochondrial morphology along with reduced mitochondrial respiration and increased glycolysis in PS2-deficient cells (PS2KO). This phenotype was restored by the stable re-expression of human PS2. Still, all these results were obtained in immortalized cells, and one bottom-line question is to know whether these observations hold true in central nervous system (CNS) cells. To that end, we carried out primary cultures of PS1 knockdown (KD), PS2KO, and PS1KD/PS2KO (PSdKO) neurons and astrocytes. They were obtained from the same litter by crossing PS2 heterozygous; PS1 floxed (PS2+/-; PS1flox/flox) animals. Genetic downregulation of PS1 was achieved by lentiviral expression of the Cre recombinase in primary cultures. Strikingly, we did not observe any mitochondrial phenotype in PS1KD, PS2KO, or PSdKO primary cultures in basal conditions. Mitochondrial respiration and membrane potential were similar in all models, as were the glycolytic flux and NAD+/NADH ratio. Likewise, mitochondrial morphology and content was unaltered by PS expression. We further investigated the differences between results we obtained here in primary nerve cells and those previously reported in MEF cell lines by analyzing PS2KO primary fibroblasts. We found no mitochondrial dysfunction in this model, in line with observations in PS2KO primary neurons and astrocytes. Together, our results indicate that the mitochondrial phenotype observed in immortalized PS2-deficient cell lines cannot be extrapolated to primary neurons, astrocytes, and even to primary fibroblasts. The PS-dependent mitochondrial phenotype reported so far might therefore be the consequence of a cell immortalization process and should be critically reconsidered regarding its relevance to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Contino
- Alzheimer Research Group, Molecular and Cellular Division (CEMO), Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nuria Suelves
- Alzheimer Research Group, Molecular and Cellular Division (CEMO), Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Céline Vrancx
- Alzheimer Research Group, Molecular and Cellular Division (CEMO), Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Devkee M. Vadukul
- Alzheimer Research Group, Molecular and Cellular Division (CEMO), Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valery L. Payen
- Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterial (ADDB), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serena Stanga
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascal Kienlen-Campard
- Alzheimer Research Group, Molecular and Cellular Division (CEMO), Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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11
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Evolutionary History of Alzheimer Disease-Causing Protein Family Presenilins with Pathological Implications. J Mol Evol 2020; 88:674-688. [DOI: 10.1007/s00239-020-09966-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Raut P, Glass JB, Lieberman RL. Archaeal roots of intramembrane aspartyl protease siblings signal peptide peptidase and presenilin. Proteins 2020; 89:232-241. [PMID: 32935885 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Signal peptides help newly synthesized proteins reach the cell membrane or be secreted. As part of a biological process key to immune response and surveillance in humans, and associated with diseases, for example, Alzheimer, remnant signal peptides and other transmembrane segments are proteolyzed by the intramembrane aspartyl protease (IAP) enzyme family. Here, we identified IAP orthologs throughout the tree of life. In addition to eukaryotes, IAPs are encoded in metabolically diverse archaea from a wide range of environments. We found three distinct clades of archaeal IAPs: (a) Euryarchaeota (eg, halophilic Halobacteriales, methanogenic Methanosarcinales and Methanomicrobiales, marine Poseidoniales, acidophilic Thermoplasmatales, hyperthermophilic Archaeoglobus spp.), (b) DPANN, and (c) Bathyarchaeota, Crenarchaeota, and Asgard. IAPs were also present in bacterial genomes from uncultivated members of Candidate Phylum Radiation, perhaps due to horizontal gene transfer from DPANN archaeal lineages. Sequence analysis of the catalytic motif YD…GXGD (where X is any amino acid) in IAPs from archaea and bacteria reveals WD in Lokiarchaeota and many residue types in the X position. Gene neighborhood analysis in halophilic archaea shows IAP genes near corrinoid transporters (btuCDF genes). In marine Euryarchaeota, a putative BtuF-like domain is found in N-terminus of the IAP gene, suggesting a role for these IAPs in metal ion cofactor or other nutrient scavenging. Interestingly, eukaryotic IAP family members appear to have evolved either from Euryarchaeota or from Asgard archaea. Taken together, our phylogenetic and bioinformatics analysis should prompt experiments to probe the biological roles of IAPs in prokaryotic secretomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyam Raut
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jennifer B Glass
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Raquel L Lieberman
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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13
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Fung S, Smith CL, Prater KE, Case A, Green K, Osnis L, Winston C, Kinoshita Y, Sopher B, Morrison RS, Garden GA, Jayadev S. Early-Onset Familial Alzheimer Disease Variant PSEN2 N141I Heterozygosity is Associated with Altered Microglia Phenotype. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 77:675-688. [PMID: 32741831 PMCID: PMC7592656 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-onset familial Alzheimer disease (EOFAD) is caused by heterozygous variants in the presenilin 1 (PSEN1), presenilin 2 (PSEN2), and APP genes. Decades after their discovery, the mechanisms by which these genes cause Alzheimer's disease (AD) or promote AD progression are not fully understood. While it is established that presenilin (PS) enzymatic activity produces amyloid-β (Aβ), PSs also regulate numerous other cellular functions, some of which intersect with known pathogenic drivers of neurodegeneration. Accumulating evidence suggests that microglia, resident innate immune cells in the central nervous system, play a key role in AD neurodegeneration. OBJECTIVE Previous work has identified a regulatory role for PS2 in microglia. We hypothesized that PSEN2 variants lead to dysregulated microglia, which could further contribute to disease acceleration. To mimic the genotype of EOFAD patients, we created a transgenic mouse expressing PSEN2 N141I on a mouse background expressing one wildtype PS2 and two PS1 alleles. RESULTS Microglial expression of PSEN2 N141I resulted in impaired γ-secretase activity as well as exaggerated inflammatory cytokine release, NFκB activity, and Aβ internalization. In vivo, PS2 N141I mice showed enhanced IL-6 and TREM2 expression in brain as well as reduced branch number and length, an indication of "activated" morphology, in the absence of inflammatory stimuli. LPS intraperitoneal injection resulted in higher inflammatory gene expression in PS2 N141I mouse brain relative to controls. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that PSEN2 N141I heterozygosity is associated with disrupted innate immune homeostasis, suggesting EOFAD variants may promote disease progression through non-neuronal cells beyond canonical dysregulated Aβ production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Fung
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carole L. Smith
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Amanda Case
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kevin Green
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Leah Osnis
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chloe Winston
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yoshito Kinoshita
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bryce Sopher
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Gwenn A. Garden
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Suman Jayadev
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Dr. Suman Jayadev, Department of Neurology, Box 356465, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Tel.: +1 206 221 2930;
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14
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Chainoglou E, Hadjipavlou-Litina D. Curcumin in Health and Diseases: Alzheimer's Disease and Curcumin Analogues, Derivatives, and Hybrids. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061975. [PMID: 32183162 PMCID: PMC7139886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative multifactorial disease influencing the elderly population. Nowadays, several medications, among them curcumin, are used in the treatment of AD. Curcumin, which is the principal component of Curcuma longa, has shown favorable effects forsignificantly preventing or treating AD. During the last decade, the scientific community has focused their research on the optimization of therapeutic properties and on the improvement of pharmacokinetic properties of curcumin. This review summarizes bibliographical data from 2009 to 2019 on curcumin analogues, derivatives, and hybrids, as well as their therapeutic, preventic, and diagnostic applications in AD. Recent advances in the field have revealed that the phenolic hydroxyl group could contribute to the anti-amyloidogenic activity. Phenyl methoxy groups seem to contribute to the suppression of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ42) and to the suppression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) andhydrophobic interactions have also revealed a growing role. Furthermore, flexible moieties, at the linker, are crucial for the inhibition of Aβ aggregation. The inhibitory activity of derivatives is increased with the expansion of the aromatic rings. The promising role of curcumin-based compounds in diagnostic imaging is highlighted. The keto-enol tautomerism seems to be a novel modification for the design of amyloid-binding agents. Molecular docking results, (Q)SAR, as well as in vitro and in vivo tests highlight the structures and chemical moieties that are correlated with specific activity. As a result, the knowledge gained from the existing research should lead to the design and synthesis ofinnovative and multitargetedcurcumin analogues, derivatives, or curcumin hybrids, which would be very useful drug and tools in medicine for both diagnosis and treatment of AD.
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15
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Sharma D, Otto G, Warren EC, Beesley P, King JS, Williams RSB. Gamma secretase orthologs are required for lysosomal activity and autophagic degradation in Dictyostelium discoideum, independent of PSEN (presenilin) proteolytic function. Autophagy 2019; 15:1407-1418. [PMID: 30806144 PMCID: PMC6613883 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1586245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the γ-secretase complex are strongly associated with familial Alzheimer disease. Both proteolytic and non-proteolytic functions for the γ-secretase complex have been previously described in mammalian model organisms, but their relative contributions to disease pathology remain unclear. Here, we dissect the roles of orthologs of the γ-secretase components in the model system Dictyostelium, focusing on endocytosis, lysosomal activity and autophagy. In this model, we show that the orthologs of PSEN (psenA and psenB), Ncstn (nicastrin) and Aph-1 (gamma-secretase subunit Aph-1), are necessary for optimal fluid-phase uptake by macropinocytosis and in multicellular development under basic pH conditions. Disruption of either psenA/B or Aph-1 proteins also leads to disrupted phagosomal proteolysis as well as decreased autophagosomal acidification and autophagic flux. This indicates a general defect in lysosomal trafficking and degradation, which we show leads to the accumulation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates in cells lacking psenA/B and Aph-1 proteins. Importantly, we find that all the endocytic defects observed in Dictyostelium PSEN ortholog mutants can be fully rescued by proteolytically inactive Dictyostelium psenB and human PSEN1 proteins. Our data therefore demonstrates an evolutionarily conserved non-proteolytic role for presenilin, and γ-secretase component orthologs, in maintaining Dictyostelium lysosomal trafficking and autophagy. Abbreviations: Atg8: autophagy protein 8a; Aph-1: gamma-secretase subunit Aph-1; crtA: calreticulin; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GSK3B: glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta; Ncstn: nicastrin; PSEN1: presenilin 1; psenA and psenB: Dictyostelium presenilin A and B; TRITC; tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devdutt Sharma
- a School of Biological Sciences , Royal Holloway, University of London , Egham , UK
| | - Grant Otto
- a School of Biological Sciences , Royal Holloway, University of London , Egham , UK
| | - Eleanor C Warren
- a School of Biological Sciences , Royal Holloway, University of London , Egham , UK
| | - Philip Beesley
- a School of Biological Sciences , Royal Holloway, University of London , Egham , UK
| | - Jason S King
- b Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
| | - Robin S B Williams
- a School of Biological Sciences , Royal Holloway, University of London , Egham , UK
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16
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A method for visualizing fluorescence of flavonoid therapeutics in vivo in the model eukaryote Dictyostelium discoideum. Biotechniques 2019; 66:65-71. [DOI: 10.2144/btn-2018-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturstoff reagent A (diphenylboric acid 2-aminoethyl ester [DPBA]) has been used historically in plant science to observe polyphenolic pigments, such as flavonoids, whose fluorescence requires enhancement to be visible by microscopy. Flavonoids are common dietary constituents and are the focus of considerable attention because of their potential as novel therapies for numerous diseases. The molecular basis of therapeutic activity is only gradually being established, and one strand of such research is making use of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. We extended the application of DPBA to flavonoid imaging in these preclinical studies, and report the first method for use of DPBA in this eukaryotic model microbe and its applicability alongside subcellular markers. This in vivo fluorescence imaging provided a useful adjunct to parallel chemical and genetic studies.
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17
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Elevated cellular cholesterol in Familial Alzheimer's presenilin 1 mutation is associated with lipid raft localization of β-amyloid precursor protein. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210535. [PMID: 30682043 PMCID: PMC6347419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD)-associated presenilin 1 (PS1) serves as a catalytic subunit of γ-secretase complex, which mediates the proteolytic liberation of β-amyloid (Aβ) from β-amyloid precursor protein (APP). In addition to its proteolytic role, PS1 is involved in non-proteolytic functions such as protein trafficking and ion channel regulation. Furthermore, postmortem AD brains as well as AD patients showed dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism. Since cholesterol has been implicated in regulating Aβ production, we investigated whether the FAD PS1-associated cholesterol elevation could influence APP processing. We found that in CHO cells stably expressing FAD-associated PS1 ΔE9, total cholesterol levels are elevated compared to cells expressing wild-type PS1. We also found that localization of APP in cholesterol-enriched lipid rafts is substantially increased in the mutant cells. Reducing the cholesterol levels by either methyl-β-cyclodextrin or an inhibitor of CYP51, an enzyme mediating the elevated cholesterol in PS1 ΔE9-expressing cells, significantly reduced lipid raft-associated APP. In contrast, exogenous cholesterol increased lipid raft-associated APP. These data suggest that in the FAD PS1 ΔE9 cells, the elevated cellular cholesterol level contributes to the altered APP processing by increasing APP localized in lipid rafts.
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18
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Liu Z, Thakar A, Santoro SW, Pratt KG. Presenilin Regulates Retinotectal Synapse Formation through EphB2 Receptor Processing. Dev Neurobiol 2018; 78:1171-1190. [PMID: 30246932 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As the catalytic component of γ-secretase, presenilin (PS) has long been studied in the context of Alzheimer's disease through cleaving the amyloid precursor protein. PS/γ-secretase, however, also cleaves a multitude of single-pass transmembrane proteins that are important during development, including Notch, the netrin receptor DCC, cadherins, drebrin-A, and the EphB2 receptor. Because transgenic PS-KO mice do not survive to birth, studies of this molecule during later embryonic or early postnatal stages of development have been carried out using cell cultures or conditional knock-out mice, respectively. As a result, the function of PS in synapse formation had not been well-addressed. Here, we study the role of PS in the developing Xenopus tadpole retinotectal circuit, an in-vivo model that allows for protein expression to be manipulated specifically during the peak of synapse formation between retinal ganglion cells and tectal neurons. We found that inhibiting PS in the postsynaptic tectal neurons impaired tadpole visual avoidance behavior. Whole cell recordings indicated weaker retinotectal synaptic transmission which was characterized by significant reductions in both NMDA receptor (NMDAR)- and AMPA receptor (AMPAR)-mediated currents. We also found that expression of the C-tail fragment of the EphB2 receptor, which is normally cleaved by PS/γ-secretase and which has been shown to upregulate NMDARs at the synapse, rescued the reduced NMDAR-mediated responses. Our data determine that normal PS function is important for proper formation and strengthening of retinotectal synapses through cleaving the EphB2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Liu
- Department of Zoology and Physiology and Program in Neuroscience, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - Amit Thakar
- Department of Zoology and Physiology and Program in Neuroscience, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - Stephen W Santoro
- Department of Zoology and Physiology and Program in Neuroscience, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - Kara G Pratt
- Department of Zoology and Physiology and Program in Neuroscience, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
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19
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Inoue T, Zhang P, Zhang W, Goodner-Bingham K, Dupzyk A, DiMaio D, Tsai B. γ-Secretase promotes membrane insertion of the human papillomavirus L2 capsid protein during virus infection. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:3545-3559. [PMID: 30006461 PMCID: PMC6168257 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201804171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their importance as human pathogens, entry of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) into cells is poorly understood. The transmembrane protease γ-secretase executes a crucial function during the early stages of HPV infection, but the role of γ-secretase in infection and the identity of its critical substrate are unknown. Here we demonstrate that γ-secretase harbors a previously uncharacterized chaperone function, promoting low pH-dependent insertion of the HPV L2 capsid protein into endosomal membranes. Upon membrane insertion, L2 recruits the cytosolic retromer, which enables the L2 viral genome complex to enter the retrograde transport pathway and traffic to the Golgi en route for infection. Although a small fraction of membrane-inserted L2 is also cleaved by γ-secretase, this proteolytic event appears dispensable for HPV infection. Our findings demonstrate that γ-secretase is endowed with an activity that can promote membrane insertion of L2, thereby targeting the virus to the productive infectious pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Inoue
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Pengwei Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Allison Dupzyk
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Daniel DiMaio
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT
| | - Billy Tsai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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20
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Lumsden AL, Rogers JT, Majd S, Newman M, Sutherland GT, Verdile G, Lardelli M. Dysregulation of Neuronal Iron Homeostasis as an Alternative Unifying Effect of Mutations Causing Familial Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:533. [PMID: 30150923 PMCID: PMC6099262 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The overwhelming majority of dominant mutations causing early onset familial Alzheimer’s disease (EOfAD) occur in only three genes, PSEN1, PSEN2, and APP. An effect-in-common of these mutations is alteration of production of the APP-derived peptide, amyloid β (Aβ). It is this key fact that underlies the authority of the Amyloid Hypothesis that has informed Alzheimer’s disease research for over two decades. Any challenge to this authority must offer an alternative explanation for the relationship between the PSEN genes and APP. In this paper, we explore one possible alternative relationship – the dysregulation of cellular iron homeostasis as a common effect of EOfAD mutations in these genes. This idea is attractive since it provides clear connections between EOfAD mutations and major characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease such as dysfunctional mitochondria, vascular risk factors/hypoxia, energy metabolism, and inflammation. We combine our ideas with observations by others to describe a “Stress Threshold Change of State” model of Alzheimer’s disease that may begin to explain the existence of both EOfAD and late onset sporadic (LOsAD) forms of the disease. Directing research to investigate the role of dysregulation of iron homeostasis in EOfAD may be a profitable way forward in our struggle to understand this form of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Lumsden
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jack T Rogers
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry-Neuroscience, Massachusetts General Hospital (East), Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Shohreh Majd
- Neuronal Injury and Repair Laboratory, Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Morgan Newman
- Centre for Molecular Pathology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Greg T Sutherland
- Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Michael Lardelli
- Centre for Molecular Pathology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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21
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Cocorocchio M, Baldwin AJ, Stewart B, Kim L, Harwood AJ, Thompson CRL, Andrews PLR, Williams RSB. Curcumin and derivatives function through protein phosphatase 2A and presenilin orthologues in Dictyostelium discoideum. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.032375. [PMID: 29361519 PMCID: PMC5818083 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.032375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds often have complex molecular structures and unknown molecular targets. These characteristics make them difficult to analyse using a classical pharmacological approach. Curcumin, the main curcuminoid of turmeric, is a complex molecule possessing wide-ranging biological activities, cellular mechanisms and roles in potential therapeutic treatment, including Alzheimer's disease and cancer. Here, we investigate the physiological effects and molecular targets of curcumin in Dictyostelium discoideum. We show that curcumin exerts acute effects on cell behaviour, reduces cell growth and slows multicellular development. We employed a range of structurally related compounds to show the distinct role of different structural groups in curcumin's effects on cell behaviour, growth and development, highlighting active moieties in cell function, and showing that these cellular effects are unrelated to the well-known antioxidant activity of curcumin. Molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of curcumin and one synthetic analogue (EF24) were then investigated to identify a curcumin-resistant mutant lacking the protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit (PsrA) and an EF24-resistant mutant lacking the presenilin 1 orthologue (PsenB). Using in silico docking analysis, we then showed that curcumin might function through direct binding to a key regulatory region of PsrA. These findings reveal novel cellular and molecular mechanisms for the function of curcumin and related compounds. Summary: To unlock the therapeutic potential of curcumin and related compounds, we employ a tractable model system to characterise their cellular and molecular effects and propose novel targets implicated in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cocorocchio
- Centre of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX UK
| | - Amy J Baldwin
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Balint Stewart
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lou Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Adrian J Harwood
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Christopher R L Thompson
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Paul L R Andrews
- Division of Biomedical Science, St George's University of London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Robin S B Williams
- Centre of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX UK
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22
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Salminen A, Kauppinen A, Kaarniranta K. Hypoxia/ischemia activate processing of Amyloid Precursor Protein: impact of vascular dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2017; 140:536-549. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology; Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- School of Pharmacy; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology; Institute of Clinical Medicine; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology; Kuopio University Hospital; Kuopio Finland
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