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Zhang YJ, Cheng Y, Tang HL, Yue Q, Cai XY, Lu ZJ, Hao YX, Dai AX, Hou T, Liu HX, Kong N, Ji XY, Lu CH, Xu SL, Huang K, Zeng X, Wen YQ, Ma WY, Guan JT, Lin Y, Zheng WB, Pan H, Wu J, Wu RH, Wei NL. APOE ε4-associated downregulation of the IL-7/IL-7R pathway in effector memory T cells: Implications for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 39129310 DOI: 10.1002/alz.14173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele exerts a significant influence on peripheral inflammation and neuroinflammation, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. METHODS The present study enrolled 54 patients diagnosed with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD; including 28 APOE ε4 carriers and 26 non-carriers). Plasma inflammatory cytokine concentration was assessed, alongside bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). RESULTS Plasma tumor necrosis factor α, interferon γ, and interleukin (IL)-33 levels increased in the APOE ε4 carriers but IL-7 expression notably decreased. A negative correlation was observed between plasma IL-7 level and the hippocampal atrophy degree. Additionally, the expression of IL-7R and CD28 also decreased in PBMCs of APOE ε4 carriers. ScRNA-seq data results indicated that the changes were mainly related to the CD4+ Tem (effector memory) and CD8+ Tem T cells. DISCUSSION These findings shed light on the role of the downregulated IL-7/IL-7R pathway associated with the APOE ε4 allele in modulating neuroinflammation and hippocampal atrophy. HIGHLIGHTS The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele decreases plasma interleukin (IL)-7 and aggravates hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer's disease. Plasma IL-7 level is negatively associated with the degree of hippocampal atrophy. The expression of IL-7R signaling decreased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of APOE ε4 carriers Dysregulation of the IL-7/IL-7R signal pathways enriches T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hai-Liang Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Yi Cai
- Department of Pathology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - An-Xiang Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ting Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hao-Xin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Nan Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chang-Hao Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Sheng-Liang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ya-Qi Wen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wan-Yin Ma
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ji-Tian Guan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wen-Bin Zheng
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Family Medicine, Shantou Longhu People's Hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ren-Hua Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Nai-Li Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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Vellecco V, Saviano A, Raucci F, Casillo GM, Mansour AA, Panza E, Mitidieri E, Femminella GD, Ferrara N, Cirino G, Sorrentino R, Iqbal AJ, d'Emmanuele di Villa Bianca R, Bucci M, Maione F. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) triggers systemic inflammation, peripheral vascular dysfunction, and related prothrombotic state in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106595. [PMID: 36470548 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent forms of neurodegenerative disorders. Previously, we have shown that in vivo administration of an IL-17 neutralizing antibody (IL-17Ab) rescues amyloid-β-induced neuro-inflammation and memory impairment, demonstrating the pivotal role of IL-17 in AD-derived cognitive deficit. Recently, AD has been recognized as a more intriguing pathology affecting vascular networks and platelet function. However, not much is known about peripheral vascular inflammation and how pro-inflammatory circulating cells/mediators could affect peripheral vessels' function. This study aimed to evaluate whether IL-17Ab treatment could also impact peripheral AD features, such as systemic inflammation, peripheral vascular dysfunction, and related pro-thrombotic state in a non-genetic mouse model of AD. Mice were injected intracerebroventricularly with Aβ1-42 peptide (3 μg/3 μl). To evaluate the systemic/peripheral protective profile of IL-17Ab, we used an intranasal administration of IL-17Ab (1 μg/10 μl) at 5, 12, and 19 days after Aβ1-42 injection. Circulating Th17/Treg cells and related cyto-chemokines, haematological parameters, vascular/endothelial reactivity, platelets and coagulation function in mice were evaluated. IL-17Ab treatment ameliorates the systemic/peripheral inflammation, immunological perturbance, vascular/endothelial impairment and pro-thrombotic state, suggesting a key role for this cytokine in fostering inflammatory processes that characterize the multifaced aspects of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Vellecco
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Anella Saviano
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Federica Raucci
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Gian Marco Casillo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Adel Abo Mansour
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Elisabetta Panza
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Emma Mitidieri
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Grazia Daniela Femminella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici ICS-Maugeri, Telese Terme, BN, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Cirino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Sorrentino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, School of Medicine, University of Naples, Federico II, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Asif Jilani Iqbal
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (ICVS), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | | | - Mariarosaria Bucci
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesco Maione
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Weber GE, Khrestian M, Tuason ED, Shao Y, Pillai J, Rao S, Feng H, Zhou Y, Cheng F, DeSilva TM, Stauffer S, Leverenz JB, Bekris LM. Peripheral sTREM2-Related Inflammatory Activity Alterations in Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2283-2299. [PMID: 35523454 PMCID: PMC9117433 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been linked to multiple immune system-related genetic variants. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) genetic variants are risk factors for AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) isoform is elevated in cerebrospinal fluid in the early stages of AD and is associated with slower cognitive decline in a disease stage-dependent manner. Multiple studies have reported an altered peripheral immune response in AD. However, less is known about the relationship between peripheral sTREM2 and an altered peripheral immune response in AD. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between human plasma sTREM2 and inflammatory activity in AD. The hypothesis of this exploratory study was that sTREM2-related inflammatory activity differs by AD stage. We observed different patterns of inflammatory activity across AD stages that implicate early-stage alterations in peripheral sTREM2-related inflammatory activity in AD. Notably, fractalkine showed a significant relationship with sTREM2 across different analyses in the control groups that was lost in later AD-related stages with high levels in mild cognitive impairment. Although multiple other inflammatory factors either differed significantly between groups or were significantly correlated with sTREM2 within specific groups, three inflammatory factors (fibroblast growth factor-2, GM-CSF, and IL-1β) are notable because they exhibited both lower levels in AD, compared with mild cognitive impairment, and a change in the relationship with sTREM2. This evidence provides important support to the hypothesis that sTREM2-related inflammatory activity alterations are AD stage specific and provides critical information for therapeutic strategies focused on the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Weber
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | - Yvonne Shao
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jagan Pillai
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Stephen Rao
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Yadi Zhou
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Tara M DeSilva
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; and
| | - Shaun Stauffer
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - James B Leverenz
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Lynn M Bekris
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH;
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Okada T, Suzuki H. The Role of Tenascin-C in Tissue Injury and Repair After Stroke. Front Immunol 2021; 11:607587. [PMID: 33552066 PMCID: PMC7859104 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.607587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is still one of the most common causes for mortality and morbidity worldwide. Following acute stroke onset, biochemical and cellular changes induce further brain injury such as neuroinflammation, cell death, and blood-brain barrier disruption. Matricellular proteins are non-structural proteins induced by many stimuli and tissue damage including stroke induction, while its levels are generally low in a normal physiological condition in adult tissues. Currently, a matricellular protein tenascin-C (TNC) is considered to be an important inducer to promote neuroinflammatory cascades and the resultant pathology in stroke. TNC is upregulated in cerebral arteries and brain tissues including astrocytes, neurons, and brain capillary endothelial cells following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). TNC may be involved in blood-brain barrier disruption, neuronal apoptosis, and cerebral vasospasm via the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-kappa B following SAH. In addition, post-SAH TNC levels in cerebrospinal fluid predicted the development of delayed cerebral ischemia and angiographic vasospasm in clinical settings. On the other hand, TNC is reported to promote fibrosis and exert repair effects for an experimental aneurysm via macrophages-induced migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells. The authors review TNC-induced inflammatory signal cascades and the relationships with other matricellular proteins in stroke-related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Okada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Kuwana City Medical Center, Kuwana, Japan
| | - Hidenori Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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5
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Marongiu R. Accelerated Ovarian Failure as a Unique Model to Study Peri-Menopause Influence on Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:242. [PMID: 31551757 PMCID: PMC6743419 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of extensive research efforts, efficacious therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are lacking. The multi-factorial nature of AD neuropathology and symptomatology has taught us that a single therapeutic approach will most likely not fit all. Women constitute ~70% of the affected AD population, and pathology and rate of symptoms progression are 2-3 times higher in women than men. Epidemiological data suggest that menopausal estrogen loss may be causative of the more severe symptoms observed in AD women, however, results from clinical trials employing estrogen replacement therapy are inconsistent. AD pathological hallmarks-amyloid β (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and chronic gliosis-are laid down during a 20-year prodromal period before clinical symptoms appear, which coincides with the menopause transition (peri-menopause) in women (~45-54-years-old). Peri-menopause is marked by widely fluctuating estrogen levels resulting in periods of irregular hormone-receptor interactions. Recent studies showed that peri-menopausal women have increased indicators of AD phenotype (brain Aβ deposition and hypometabolism), and peri-menopausal women who used hormone replacement therapy (HRT) had a reduced AD risk. This suggests that neuroendocrine changes during peri-menopause may be a trigger that increases risk of AD in women. Studies on sex differences have been performed in several AD rodent models over the years. However, it has been challenging to study the menopause influence on AD due to lack of optimal models that mimic the human process. Recently, the rodent model of accelerated ovarian failure (AOF) was developed, which uniquely recapitulates human menopause, including a transitional peri-AOF period with irregular estrogen fluctuations and a post-AOF stage with low estrogen levels. This model has proven useful in hypertension and cognition studies with wild type animals. This review article will highlight the molecular mechanisms by which peri-menopause may influence the female brain vulnerability to AD and AD risk factors, such as hypertension and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. Studies on these biological mechanisms together with the use of the AOF model have the potential to shed light on key molecular pathways underlying AD pathogenesis for the development of precision medicine approaches that take sex and hormonal status into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Marongiu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
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Pikwer A, Castegren M, Namdar S, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Mattsson N. Effects of surgery and propofol-remifentanil total intravenous anesthesia on cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of inflammation, Alzheimer's disease, and neuronal injury in humans: a cohort study. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:193. [PMID: 28962579 PMCID: PMC5622541 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0950-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Surgery and anesthesia have been linked to postoperative cognitive disturbance and increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease. It is not clear by which mechanisms this increased risk for cognitive disease is mediated. Further, amyloid β production has been suggested to depend on the sleep-wake cycle and neuronal activity. The aim of the present study was to examine if cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of a number of biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease-related processes, including amyloid β, neuronal injury, and inflammation, changed over time during intravenous anesthesia in surgical patients. Methods We included patients scheduled for hysterectomy via laparotomy during general anesthesia with intravenous propofol and remifentanil. CSF samples were obtained before, during, and after surgery (5 h after induction) and tested for 27 biomarkers. Changes over time were tested with linear mixed effects models. Results A total of 22 patients, all females, were included. The mean age was 50 years (± 9 SD). The mean duration of the anesthesia was 145 min (± 40 SD). Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and vascular endothelial growth factor A increased over time. IL-15 and IL-7 decreased slightly over time. Macrophage inflammatory protein 1β and placental growth factor also changed significantly. There were no significant effects on amyloid β (Aβ) or tau biomarkers. Conclusions Surgery and general anesthesia with intravenous propofol and remifentanil induce, during and in the short term after the procedure, a neuroinflammatory response which is dominated by monocyte attractants, without biomarker signs of the effects on Alzheimer’s disease pathology or neuronal injury. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-017-0950-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Pikwer
- Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Department of Anesthesia, Mälarsjukhuset, Eskilstuna, Sweden.
| | - Markus Castegren
- Perioperative medicine and intensive care (PMI), Karolinska University Hospital and Clintec, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sijal Namdar
- Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Anesthesia, Mälarsjukhuset, Eskilstuna, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Möndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Möndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Niklas Mattsson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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IL-7 and Depression: The importance of gender and blood fraction. Behav Brain Res 2016; 315:147-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Villarreal AE, O'Bryant SE, Edwards M, Grajales S, Britton GB. Serum-based protein profiles of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment in elderly Hispanics. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2016; 6:203-13. [PMID: 27229914 DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2015-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To describe the biomarker profiles in elderly Panamanians diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or no impairment using serum-based biomarkers. METHODS Twenty-four proteins were analyzed using an electrochemiluminescence-based multiplex biomarker assay platform. A biomarker profile was generated using random forest analyses. RESULTS Two proteins differed among groups: IL-18 and T-lymphocyte-secreted protein I-309. The AD profile was highly accurate and independent of age, gender, education and Apolipoprotein E ε4 status. AD and MCI profiles had substantial overlap among the top markers, suggesting common functions in AD and MCI but differences in their relative importance. CONCLUSION Our results underscore the potential influence of genetic and environmental differences within Hispanic populations on the proteomic profile of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alcibiades E Villarreal
- Centro de Neurociencias y Unidad de Investigación Clínica, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Ciudad del Saber 219, Clayton, Apartado Postal 0843-01103, República de Panamá,Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, India
| | - Sid E O'Bryant
- Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Melissa Edwards
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Shantal Grajales
- Centro de Neurociencias y Unidad de Investigación Clínica, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Ciudad del Saber 219, Clayton, Apartado Postal 0843-01103, República de Panamá
| | - Gabrielle B Britton
- Centro de Neurociencias y Unidad de Investigación Clínica, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Ciudad del Saber 219, Clayton, Apartado Postal 0843-01103, República de Panamá
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Bishnoi RJ, Palmer RF, Royall DR. Serum interleukin (IL)-15 as a biomarker of Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117282. [PMID: 25710473 PMCID: PMC4339977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL-15), a pro-inflammatory cytokine has been studied as a possible marker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however its exact role in neuro-inflammation or the pathogenesis AD is not well understood yet. A Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) approach was used to examine the relationship between serum IL-15 levels and AD in a well characterized AD cohort, the Texas Alzheimer's Research and Care Consortium (TARCC). Instead of categorical diagnoses, we used two latent construct d (for dementia) and g’ (for cognitive impairments not contributing to functional impairments) in our analysis. The results showed that the serum IL-15 level has significant effects on cognition, exclusively mediated by latent construct d and g’. Contrasting directions of association lead us to speculate that IL-15’s effects in AD are mediated through functional networks as d scores have been previously found to be specifically related to default mode network (DMN). Our finding warrants the need for further research to determine the changes in structural and functional networks corresponding to serum based biomarkers levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram J. Bishnoi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Raymond F. Palmer
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Donald R. Royall
- Department of Psychiatry, Family and Community Medicine, and Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, South Texas Veterans’ Health System Audie L. Murphy Division, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
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Astrocyte-secreted matricellular proteins in CNS remodelling during development and disease. Neural Plast 2014; 2014:321209. [PMID: 24551460 PMCID: PMC3914553 DOI: 10.1155/2014/321209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Matricellular proteins are secreted, nonstructural proteins that regulate the extracellular matrix (ECM) and interactions between cells through modulation of growth factor signaling, cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. Despite being well described in the context of nonneuronal tissues, recent studies have revealed that these molecules may also play instrumental roles in central nervous system (CNS) development and diseases. In this minireview, we discuss the matricellular protein families SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine), Hevin/SC1 (SPARC-like 1), TN-C (Tenascin C), TSP (Thrombospondin), and CCN (CYR61/CTGF/NOV), which are secreted by astrocytes during development. These proteins exhibit a reduced expression in adult CNS but are upregulated in reactive astrocytes following injury or disease, where they are well placed to modulate the repair processes such as tissue remodeling, axon regeneration, glial scar formation, angiogenesis, and rewiring of neural circuitry. Conversely, their reexpression in reactive astrocytes may also lead to detrimental effects and promote the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Hall JR, Wiechmann AR, Johnson LA, Edwards M, Barber RC, Winter AS, Singh M, O'Bryant SE. Biomarkers of vascular risk, systemic inflammation, and microvascular pathology and neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2013; 35:363-71. [PMID: 23403534 DOI: 10.3233/jad-122359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Numerous serum and plasma based biomarkers of systemic inflammation have been linked to both neuropsychiatric disorders and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study investigated the relationship of clinical biomarkers of cardiovascular risk (cholesterol, triglycerides, and homocysteine) and a panel of markers of systemic inflammation (CRP, TNF-α, IL1-ra, IL-7, IL-10, IL-15, IL-18) and microvascular pathology (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) to neuropsychiatric symptoms in a sample with mild AD. Biomarker data was analyzed on a sample of 194 diagnosed with mild to moderate probable AD. The sample was composed of 127 females and 67 males. The presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms was gathered from interview with caretakers/family members using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. For the total sample, IL-15, VCAM (vascular adhesion molecule), and triglycerides were significantly and negatively related to number of neuropsychiatric symptoms, and total cholesterol and homocysteine were positively related and as a group accounted for 16.1% of the variance. When stratified by gender, different patterns of significant biomarkers were found with relationships more robust for males for both total symptoms and symptom clusters. A combination of biomarkers of systemic inflammation, microvascular pathology, and clinical biomarkers of cardiovascular risk can account for a significant portion of the variance in the occurrence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in AD supporting a vascular and inflammatory component of psychiatric disorders found in AD. Gender differences suggest distinct impact of specific risks with total cholesterol, a measure of cardiovascular risk, being the strongest marker for males and IL-15, a marker of inflammation, being the strongest for females.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Hall
- Institute of Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
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