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Worasawate D, Asawaponwiput W, Yoshimura N, Intarapanich A, Surangsrirat D. Classification of Parkinson's disease from smartphone recording data using time-frequency analysis and convolutional neural network. Technol Health Care 2023; 31:705-718. [PMID: 36155539 DOI: 10.3233/thc-220386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a long-term neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. The current diagnosis is dependent on clinical observation and the abilities and experience of a trained specialist. One of the symptoms that affects most patients is voice impairment. OBJECTIVE Voice samples are non-invasive data that can be collected remotely for diagnosis and disease progression monitoring. In this study, we analyzed voice recording data from a smartphone as a possible medical self-diagnosis tool by using only one-second voice recording. The data from one of the largest mobile PD studies, the mPower study, was used. METHODS A total of 29,798 ten-second voice recordings on smartphone from 4,051 participants were used for the analysis. The voice recordings were from sustained phonation by participants saying /aa/ for ten seconds into an iPhone microphone. A dataset comprising 385,143 short one-second audio samples was generated from the original ten-second voice recordings. The samples were converted to a spectrogram using a short-time Fourier transform. CNN models were then applied to classify the samples. RESULTS Classification accuracies of the proposed method with LeNet-5, ResNet-50, and VGGNet-16 are 97.7 ± 0.1%, 98.6 ± 0.2%, and 99.3 ± 0.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We achieve a respectable classification performance using a generalized approach on a dataset with a large number of samples. The result emphasizes that an analysis based on one-second clip recorded on a smartphone could be a promising non-invasive and remotely available PD biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denchai Worasawate
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Warisara Asawaponwiput
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natsue Yoshimura
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Apichart Intarapanich
- Educational Technology Team, National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Decho Surangsrirat
- Assistive Technology and Medical Devices Research Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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Ramezani M, Mouches P, Yoon E, Rajashekar D, Ruskey JA, Leveille E, Martens K, Kibreab M, Hammer T, Kathol I, Maarouf N, Sarna J, Martino D, Pfeffer G, Gan-Or Z, Forkert ND, Monchi O. Investigating the relationship between the SNCA gene and cognitive abilities in idiopathic Parkinson's disease using machine learning. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4917. [PMID: 33649398 PMCID: PMC7921412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairments are prevalent in Parkinson's disease (PD), but the underlying mechanisms of their development are unknown. In this study, we aimed to predict global cognition (GC) in PD with machine learning (ML) using structural neuroimaging, genetics and clinical and demographic characteristics. As a post-hoc analysis, we aimed to explore the connection between novel selected features and GC more precisely and to investigate whether this relationship is specific to GC or is driven by specific cognitive domains. 101 idiopathic PD patients had a cognitive assessment, structural MRI and blood draw. ML was performed on 102 input features including demographics, cortical thickness and subcortical measures, and several genetic variants (APOE, MAPT, SNCA, etc.). Using the combination of RRELIEFF and Support Vector Regression, 11 features were found to be predictive of GC including sex, rs894280, Edinburgh Handedness Inventory, UPDRS-III, education, five cortical thickness measures (R-parahippocampal, L-entorhinal, R-rostral anterior cingulate, L-middle temporal, and R-transverse temporal), and R-caudate volume. The rs894280 of SNCA gene was selected as the most novel finding of ML. Post-hoc analysis revealed a robust association between rs894280 and GC, attention, and visuospatial abilities. This variant indicates a potential role for the SNCA gene in cognitive impairments of idiopathic PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrafarin Ramezani
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Pauline Mouches
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Eunjin Yoon
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Deepthi Rajashekar
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Ruskey
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Etienne Leveille
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kristina Martens
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mekale Kibreab
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tracy Hammer
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Iris Kathol
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nadia Maarouf
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Justyna Sarna
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Davide Martino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Gerald Pfeffer
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nils D Forkert
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Oury Monchi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Kim M, Kim JS, Youn J, Park H, Cho JW. GraphNet-based imaging biomarker model to explain levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 196:105713. [PMID: 32846317 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a disabling complication of Parkinson's disease (PD). Imaging-based measurements, especially those related to the surface shape of the basal ganglia, have shown potential for explaining the severity of LID in PD. Here, we aimed to explore a novel application of the methodology to find biomarkers of LID severity in PD using regularization. METHODS We proposed an application of graph-constrained elastic net (GraphNet) regularization to detect surface-based shape biomarkers explaining the severity of LID and compared the approach with other conventional regularization methods. To examine the methods, we used two independent datasets, one as a training dataset to build the model, and the other dataset was used to validate the constructed model. RESULTS We found that the left striatum (putamen was the greatest and the caudate was second) was the most significant surface-based biomarker related to the severity of LID. Our results improved the interpretability of identified surface-based biomarkers compared to competing methods. We also found that GraphNet regularization improved prediction of the severity of LID better than the conventional regularization methods. Our model performed better in terms of root-mean-squared error and correlation coefficient between predicted and actual clinical scores. CONCLUSION The proposed algorithm offers an advantage of interpretable anatomical variations related to the deformation of the cortical surface. The experimental results showed that GraphNet regularization was robust to identify surface-based shape biomarkers related to both hypokinetic and hyperkinetic movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansu Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea; Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science, Korea
| | - Ji Sun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinyoung Youn
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Park
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science, Korea; School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.
| | - Jin Whan Cho
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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