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Rathore RS, R Ayyannan S, Mahto SK. Emerging three-dimensional neuronal culture assays for neurotherapeutics drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:619-628. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2061458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul S Rathore
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory II, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, UP, India
| | - Senthil R Ayyannan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory II, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, UP, India
| | - Sanjeev K Mahto
- Tissue Engineering and Biomicrofluidics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, UP, India
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2
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Morand du Puch CB, Vanderstraete M, Giraud S, Lautrette C, Christou N, Mathonnet M. Benefits of functional assays in personalized cancer medicine: more than just a proof-of-concept. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:9538-9556. [PMID: 34646385 PMCID: PMC8490527 DOI: 10.7150/thno.55954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As complex and heterogeneous diseases, cancers require a more tailored therapeutic management than most pathologies. Recent advances in anticancer drug development, including the immuno-oncology revolution, have been too often plagued by unsatisfying patient response rates and survivals. In reaction to this, cancer care has fully transitioned to the “personalized medicine” concept. Numerous tools are now available tools to better adapt treatments to the profile of each patient. They encompass a large array of diagnostic assays, based on biomarkers relevant to targetable molecular pathways. As a subfamily of such so-called companion diagnostics, chemosensitivity and resistance assays represent an attractive, yet insufficiently understood, approach to individualize treatments. They rely on the assessment of a composite biomarker, the ex vivo functional response of cancer cells to drugs, to predict a patient's outcome. Systemic treatments, such as chemotherapies, as well as targeted treatments, whose efficacy cannot be fully predicted yet by other diagnostic tests, may be assessed through these means. The results can provide helpful information to assist clinicians in their decision-making process. We explore here the most advanced functional assays across oncology indications, with an emphasis on tests already displaying a convincing clinical demonstration. We then recapitulate the main technical obstacles faced by researchers and clinicians to produce more accurate, and thus more predictive, models and the recent advances that have been developed to circumvent them. Finally, we summarize the regulatory and quality frameworks surrounding functional assays to ensure their safe and performant clinical implementation. Functional assays are valuable in vitro diagnostic tools that already stand beyond the “proof-of-concept” stage. Clinical studies show they have a major role to play by themselves but also in conjunction with molecular diagnostics. They now need a final lift to fully integrate the common armament used against cancers, and thus make their way into the clinical routine.
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Delyon J, Varna M, Feugeas JP, Sadoux A, Yahiaoui S, Podgorniak MP, Leclert G, Dorval SM, Dumaz N, Soulie J, Janin A, Mourah S, Lebbé C. Validation of a preclinical model for assessment of drug efficacy in melanoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13069-81. [PMID: 26909610 PMCID: PMC4914342 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of personalized medicine is to improve our understanding of the disease at molecular level and to optimize therapeutic management. In this context, we have developed in vivo and ex vivo preclinical strategies evaluating the efficacy of innovative drugs in melanomas. Human melanomas (n = 17) of different genotypes (mutated BRAF, NRAS, amplified cKIT and wild type) were successfully engrafted in mice then amplified by successive transplantations. The exhaustive characterization of patient-derived xenografts (PDX) at genomic level (transcriptomic and CGH arrays) revealed a similar distribution pattern of genetic abnormalities throughout the successive transplantations compared to the initial patient tumor, enabling their use for mutation-specific therapy strategies. The reproducibility of their spontaneous metastatic potential in mice was assessed in 8 models. These PDXs were used for the development of histoculture drug response assays (ex vivo) for the evaluation of innovative drug efficacy (BRAF and MEK inhibitors). The pharmacological effects of BRAF and MEK inhibitors were similar between PDX-derived histocultures and their corresponding PDX, on 2 models of BRAF and NRAS-mutated melanomas. These models constitute a validated, effective tool for preclinical investigation of new therapeutic agents, and improve therapeutic strategies in the treatment of metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Delyon
- INSERM UMR_S976, Paris, F-75010, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Department of Dermatology, Paris, F-75010, France.,Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Mariana Varna
- INSERM UMR_S1165, Paris, F-75010, France.,Université Paris-Diderot, Department of Pathology, UMR_S1165, Paris, F-75010, France.,UMR CNRS 8612, Institut Galien-UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, F-92290, France
| | - Jean-Paul Feugeas
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, F-75013, France.,INSERM UMR_1137, Paris, F-75018, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Sarra Mazouz Dorval
- Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, F-75013, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Esthetic Surgery, Paris, F-75010, France
| | - Nicolas Dumaz
- INSERM UMR_S976, Paris, F-75010, France.,Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, F-75013, France
| | | | - Anne Janin
- INSERM UMR_S1165, Paris, F-75010, France.,Université Paris-Diderot, Department of Pathology, UMR_S1165, Paris, F-75010, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Department of Pathology, Paris, F-75010, France
| | - Samia Mourah
- INSERM UMR_S976, Paris, F-75010, France.,Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, F-75013, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Biologique, Paris, F-75010, France
| | - Céleste Lebbé
- INSERM UMR_S976, Paris, F-75010, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Department of Dermatology, Paris, F-75010, France.,Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, F-75013, France
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4
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Khan I, Baeesa S, Bangash M, Schulten HJ, Alghamdi F, Qashqari H, Madkhali N, Carracedo A, Saka M, Jamal A, Al-Maghrabi J, AlQahtani M, Al-Karim S, Damanhouri G, Saini K, Chaudhary A, Abuzenadah A, Hussein D. Pleomorphism and drug resistant cancer stem cells are characteristic of aggressive primary meningioma cell lines. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:72. [PMID: 28736504 PMCID: PMC5521079 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0441-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meningioma tumors arise in arachnoid membranes, and are the most reported central nervous system (CNS) tumors worldwide. Up to 20% of grade I meningioma tumors reoccur and currently predictive cancer stem cells (CSCs) markers for aggressive and drug resistant meningiomas are scarce. Methods Meningioma tissues and primary cell lines were investigated using whole transcriptome microarray analysis, immunofluorescence staining of CSCs markers (including CD133, Sox2, Nestin, and Frizzled 9), and drug treatment with cisplatin or etoposide. Results Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of six meningioma samples separated tissues into two groups. Analysis identified stem cells related pathways to be differential between the two groups and indicated the de-regulation of the stem cell associated genes Reelin (RELN), Calbindin 1 (CALB1) and Anterior Gradient 2 Homolog (AGR2). Immunofluorescence staining for four tissues confirmed stemness variation in situ. Biological characterization of fifteen meningioma primary cell lines concordantly separated cells into two functionally distinct sub-groups. Pleomorphic cell lines (NG type) grew significantly faster than monomorphic cell lines (G type), had a higher number of cells that express Ki67, and were able to migrate aggressively in vitro. In addition, NG type cell lines had a lower expression of nuclear Caspase-3, and had a significantly higher number of CSCs co-positive for CD133+ Sox2+ or AGR2+ BMI1+. Importantly, these cells were more tolerant to cisplatin and etoposide treatment, showed a lower level of nuclear Caspase-3 in treated cells and harbored drug resistant CSCs. Conclusion Collectively, analyses of tissues and primary cell lines revealed stem cell associated genes as potential targets for aggressive and drug resistant meningiomas. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12935-017-0441-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishaq Khan
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box. 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia.,Centre of Innovation for Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Baeesa
- Division of Neurosurgery, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Bangash
- Division of Neurosurgery, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hans-Juergen Schulten
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alghamdi
- Pathology Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanadi Qashqari
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box. 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal Madkhali
- Centre of Innovation for Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia.,Galician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Cyber-University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Mohamad Saka
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box. 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Awatif Jamal
- Pathology Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaudah Al-Maghrabi
- Pathology Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed AlQahtani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Al-Karim
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box. 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghazi Damanhouri
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box. 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Kulvinder Saini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia.,School of Biotechnology, Eternal University, Baru Sahib Road, Sirmour, 173101 Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Adeel Chaudhary
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia.,Centre of Innovation for Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Abuzenadah
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia.,Centre of Innovation for Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Deema Hussein
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box. 80216, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
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Shingu T, Holmes L, Henry V, Wang Q, Latha K, Gururaj AE, Gibson LA, Doucette T, Lang FF, Rao G, Yuan L, Sulman EP, Farrell NP, Priebe W, Hess KR, Wang YA, Hu J, Bögler O. Suppression of RAF/MEK or PI3K synergizes cytotoxicity of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in glioma tumor-initiating cells. J Transl Med 2016; 14:46. [PMID: 26861698 PMCID: PMC4746796 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The majority of glioblastomas have aberrant receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/RAS/phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) signaling pathways and malignant glioma cells are thought to be addicted to these signaling pathways for their survival and proliferation. However, recent studies suggest that monotherapies or inappropriate combination therapies using the molecular targeted drugs have limited efficacy possibly because of tumor heterogeneities, signaling redundancy and crosstalk in intracellular signaling network, indicating necessity of rationale and methods for efficient personalized combination treatments. Here, we evaluated the growth of colonies obtained from glioma tumor-initiating cells (GICs) derived from glioma sphere culture (GSC) in agarose and examined the effects of combination treatments on GICs using targeted drugs that affect the signaling pathways to which most glioma cells are addicted. Methods Human GICs were cultured in agarose and treated with inhibitors of RTKs, non-receptor kinases or transcription factors. The colony number and volume were analyzed using a colony counter, and Chou-Talalay combination indices were evaluated. Autophagy and apoptosis were also analyzed. Phosphorylation of proteins was evaluated by reverse phase protein array and immunoblotting. Results Increases of colony number and volume in agarose correlated with the Gompertz function. GICs showed diverse drug sensitivity, but inhibitions of RTK and RAF/MEK or PI3K by combinations such as EGFR inhibitor and MEK inhibitor, sorafenib and U0126, erlotinib and BKM120, and EGFR inhibitor and sorafenib showed synergy in different subtypes of GICs. Combination of erlotinib and sorafenib, synergistic in GSC11, induced apoptosis and autophagic cell death associated with suppressed Akt and ERK signaling pathways and decreased nuclear PKM2 and β-catenin in vitro, and tended to improve survival of nude mice bearing GSC11 brain tumor. Reverse phase protein array analysis of the synergistic treatment indicated involvement of not only MEK and PI3K signaling pathways but also others associated with glucose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, gene transcription, histone methylation, iron transport, stress response, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Conclusion Inhibiting RTK and RAF/MEK or PI3K could induce synergistic cytotoxicity but personalization is necessary. Examining colonies in agarose initiated by GICs from each patient may be useful for drug sensitivity testing in personalized cancer therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0803-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Shingu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| | - Lindsay Holmes
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Baylor College of Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA.
| | - Verlene Henry
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Qianghu Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Khatri Latha
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Anupama E Gururaj
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Laura A Gibson
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| | - Tiffany Doucette
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Frederick F Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Ganesh Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Liang Yuan
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| | - Erik P Sulman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Nicholas P Farrell
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 901 West Franklin Street, Richmond, VA, 23284-9005, USA.
| | - Waldemar Priebe
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| | - Kenneth R Hess
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Yaoqi A Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
| | - Oliver Bögler
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 7007 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Wang Y, Wu K, Yang Z, Zhao Q, Fan D, Xu P, Nie Y, Fan D. Multidrug-Resistance Related Long Non-Coding RNA Expression Profile Analysis of Gastric Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135461. [PMID: 26291830 PMCID: PMC4546299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of chemotherapy of gastric cancer (GC) remains very poor because of multidrug resistance (MDR). However, the mechanisms underlying MDR of GC remains far from fully understood. The aim of this study is to illustrate the potential mechanisms of the MDR of GC at mainly the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) level. In this study, GC cell line, SGC7901, and two MDR sublines, SGC7901/VCR and SGC7901/ADR were subjected to an lncRNA microarray analysis. Bioinformatics and verification experiments were performed to investigate the potential lncRNAs involved in the development of MDR. Pathway analysis indicated that 15 pathways corresponded to down-regulated transcripts and that 20 pathways corresponded to up-regulated transcripts (p-value cut-off is 0.05). GO analysis showed that the highest enriched GOs targeted by up-regulated transcripts were “system development” and the highest esenriched GOs targeted by the down-regulated transcripts were “sterol biosynthetic process”. Our study is the first to interrogate differentially expressed lncRNAs in human GC cell line and MDR sublines and indicates that lncRNAs are worthwhile for further study to be the novel candidate biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis of MDR and potential targets for further therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 15 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, 24 Jinghua Road, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 15 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 15 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingchuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 15 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongmei Fan
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, 24 Jinghua Road, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Po Xu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, 24 Jinghua Road, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 15 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 15 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Long noncoding RNA MRUL promotes ABCB1 expression in multidrug-resistant gastric cancer cell sublines. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:3182-93. [PMID: 24958102 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01580-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the most common cause of chemotherapy failure in gastric cancer (GC) treatment; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can be involved in carcinogenesis, but the effects of lncRNAs on MDR are poorly understood. We show here that the lncRNA MRUL (MDR-related and upregulated lncRNA), located 400 kb downstream of ABCB1 (ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B, member 1), was significantly upregulated in two multidrug-resistant GC cell sublines, SGC7901/ADR and SGC7901/VCR. Furthermore, the relative expression levels of MRUL in GC tissues were negatively correlated with in vitro growth inhibition rates of GC specimens treated with chemotherapeutic drugs and indicated a poor prognosis for GC patients. MRUL knockdown in SGC7901/ADR and SGC7901/VCR cells led to increased rates of apoptosis, increased accumulation, and reduced doxorubicin (Adriamycin [ADR]) release in the presence of ADR or vincristine. Moreover, MRUL depletion reduced ABCB1 mRNA levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Heterologous luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that MRUL might positively affect ABCB1 expression in an orientation- and position-independent manner. Our findings indicate that MRUL promotes ABCB1 expression and is a potential target to reverse the MDR phenotype of GC MDR cell sublines.
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8
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Intra-arterial carboplatin as a salvage strategy in the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. J Neurooncol 2014; 119:397-403. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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