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Thakur N, Hamidi A, Song J, Itoh S, Bergh A, Heldin CH, Landström M. Smad7 Enhances TGF-β-Induced Transcription of c-Jun and HDAC6 Promoting Invasion of Prostate Cancer Cells. iScience 2020; 23:101470. [PMID: 32888405 PMCID: PMC7520897 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) enhances migration and invasion of cancer cells, causing life-threatening metastasis. Smad7 expression is induced by TGF-β to control TGF-β signaling in a negative feedback manner. Here we report an additional function of Smad7, i.e., to enhance TGF-β induction of c-Jun and HDAC6 via binding to their regulatory regions, promoting migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells. Lysine 102 in Smad7 is crucial for binding to specific consensus sites in c-Jun and HDAC6, even when endogenous Smad2, 3, and 4 were silenced by siRNA. A correlation between the mRNA expression of Smad7 and HDAC6, Smad7 and c-Jun, and c-Jun and HDAC6 was found in public databases from analyses of prostate cancer tissues. High expression of Smad7, HDAC6, and c-Jun correlated with poor prognosis for patients with prostate cancer. The knowledge that Smad7 can activate transcription of proinvasive genes leading to prostate cancer progression provides clinically relevant information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noopur Thakur
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Ltd., Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anahita Hamidi
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Ltd., Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Susumu Itoh
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Anders Bergh
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Ltd., Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 582, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maréne Landström
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Ltd., Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 595, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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Li M, Jiang D, Barnhart TE, Cao T, Engle JW, Chen W, Cai W. Immuno-PET imaging of VEGFR-2 expression in prostate cancer with 89Zr-labeled ramucirumab. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:2037-2046. [PMID: 31598404 PMCID: PMC6780657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The detection and monitoring of prostate cancer (PrCa) malignancies using most of the conventional strategies is challenging. As an over-expressed biomarker of PrCa, the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) can be delineated by non-invasive imaging to address such issue. Herein, we report the positron emission tomography (PET) of VEGFR-2 expression in a PrCa mice models by composing a novel tracer, [89Zr]zirconium-labeled clinical VEGFR-2 antibody (Ramucirumab), i.e. 89Zr-Df-R. The VEGFR-2 expression levels among three different PrCa cell lines (PC-3, LNCAP and LAPC-4) were confirmed by flow cytometry. The immuno-PET imaging and bio-distribution (Bio-D) study were conducted in subcutaneous PrCa mice models via the 89Zr-Df-R. The regions of interest (ROI) data showed that the uptake of 89Zr-Df-R in the positive PC-3 (9.5±3 %ID/g) tumors are obviously higher than those ones in the negative LNCAP (6.0±1.7 %ID/g) or LAPC-4 (4.3±0.7 %ID/g) tumors at 120 hours post-injection, while the accumulation of 89Zr-Df-R in PC-3 tumors (4.3±1.2 %ID/g)) could be significantly reduced by the blockade of unlabeled Ramucirumab. These quantitative data coincide with the Bio-D data and proves the specificity. Additionally, the immuno-fluorescent staining results confirmed the expression pattern of VEGFR-2 among various PrCa tumors. Finally, the flow cytometry of PC-3 tumor tissue further proved that the binding of 89Zr-Df-R to VEGFR-2 primarily occurs on the PC-3 tumor cells. In summary, the description of the VEGFR-2 expression in PrCa by in-vivo PET with 89Zr-Df-R is feasible and it may shed light on the early detection of foci and dynamic monitoring of anti-VEGFR-2 therapy in PrCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University277 West Yanta Road, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison1111 Highland Avenue, Madison 53705, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Dawei Jiang
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison1111 Highland Avenue, Madison 53705, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Todd E Barnhart
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison1111 Highland Avenue, Madison 53705, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Tianye Cao
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison1111 Highland Avenue, Madison 53705, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Jonathan W Engle
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison1111 Highland Avenue, Madison 53705, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Weiyu Chen
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison1111 Highland Avenue, Madison 53705, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison1111 Highland Avenue, Madison 53705, Wisconsin, United States
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Kulkarni NS, Guererro Y, Gupta N, Muth A, Gupta V. Exploring potential of quantum dots as dual modality for cancer therapy and diagnosis. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Eccles SA, Court W, Patterson L. In Vitro Assays for Endothelial Cell Functions Required for Angiogenesis: Proliferation, Motility, Tubular Differentiation, and Matrix Proteolysis. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1430:121-147. [PMID: 27172950 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3628-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This chapter deconstructs the process of angiogenesis into its component parts in order to provide simple assays to measure discrete endothelial cell functions. The techniques described will be suitable for studying stimulators and/or inhibitors of angiogenesis and determining which aspect of the process is modulated. The assays are designed to be robust and straightforward, using human umbilical vein endothelial cells, but with an option to use other sources such as microvascular endothelial cells from various tissues or lymphatic endothelial cells. It must be appreciated that such reductionist approaches cannot cover the complexity of the angiogenic process as a whole, incorporating as it does a myriad of positive and negative signals, three-dimensional interactions with host tissues and many accessory cells including fibroblasts, macrophages, pericytes and platelets. The extent to which in vitro assays predict physiological or pathological processes in vivo (e.g., wound healing, tumor angiogenesis) or surrogate techniques such as the use of Matrigel™ plugs, sponge implants, corneal assays etc remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne A Eccles
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Centre for Cancer Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, Cotswold Rd., Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK.
| | - William Court
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Centre for Cancer Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, Cotswold Rd., Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Lisa Patterson
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Centre for Cancer Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, Cotswold Rd., Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
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Abstract
Nanoparticle imaging agents for vascular pathologies are in development, and some agents are already in clinical trials. Untargeted agents, with long circulation, are excellent blood-pool agents, but molecularly targeted agents have significant advantages due to the signal enhancement possible with nanoparticle presentation of the contrast agent molecules. Molecular targets that are accessible directly from the vasculature are optimal for such agents. Targets that are removed from the vasculature, such as those on tumor cell surfaces, have limited accessibility owing to the enhanced permeation and retention effect. Yet, efforts at molecular targeting have tested small molecules, peptides, antibodies, and most recently aptamers as possible targeting ligands. The future is bright for nanoparticle-based imaging of vascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananth Annapragada
- The Singleton Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030;
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Wegner KD, Hildebrandt N. Quantum dots: bright and versatile in vitro and in vivo fluorescence imaging biosensors. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:4792-4834. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00532e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 562] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Colourful cells and tissues: semiconductor quantum dots and their versatile applications in multiplexed bioimaging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. David Wegner
- NanoBioPhotonics
- Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale
- Université Paris-Sud
- 91405 Orsay Cedex
- France
| | - Niko Hildebrandt
- NanoBioPhotonics
- Institut d'Electronique Fondamentale
- Université Paris-Sud
- 91405 Orsay Cedex
- France
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Abstract
Recent progress in quantum dot (QD) based chemo- and biosensors for various applications is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cui
- College of Science
- School of Environment and Architecture
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200293
- PR China
| | - Xiao-Peng He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST)
- Shanghai 200237
- PR China
| | - Guo-Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Institute of Fine Chemicals
- East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST)
- Shanghai 200237
- PR China
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Menter DG, Patterson SL, Logsdon CD, Kopetz S, Sood AK, Hawk ET. Convergence of nanotechnology and cancer prevention: are we there yet? Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2014; 7:973-92. [PMID: 25060262 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is emerging as a promising modality for cancer treatment; however, in the realm of cancer prevention, its full utility has yet to be determined. Here, we discuss the potential of integrating nanotechnology in cancer prevention to augment early diagnosis, precision targeting, and controlled release of chemopreventive agents, reduced toxicity, risk/response assessment, and personalized point-of-care monitoring. Cancer is a multistep, progressive disease; the functional and acquired characteristics of the early precancer phenotype are intrinsically different from those of a more advanced anaplastic or invasive malignancy. Therefore, applying nanotechnology to precancers is likely to be far more challenging than applying it to established disease. Frank cancers are more readily identifiable through imaging and biomarker and histopathologic assessment than their precancerous precursors. In addition, prevention subjects routinely have more rigorous intervention criteria than therapy subjects. Any nanopreventive agent developed to prevent sporadic cancers found in the general population must exhibit a very low risk of serious side effects. In contrast, a greater risk of side effects might be more acceptable in subjects at high risk for cancer. Using nanotechnology to prevent cancer is an aspirational goal, but clearly identifying the intermediate objectives and potential barriers is an essential first step in this exciting journey.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sherri L Patterson
- Division of Cancer Prevention & Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Craig D Logsdon
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anil K Sood
- Gynecologic Oncology & Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ernest T Hawk
- Division of Cancer Prevention & Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Effective cellular internalization of silica-coated CdSe quantum dots for high contrast cancer imaging and labelling applications. Cancer Nanotechnol 2014; 5:1. [PMID: 26561509 PMCID: PMC4631722 DOI: 10.1186/s12645-014-0001-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility of developing novel contrast imaging agents for cancer cellular labelling and fluorescence imaging applications were explored using silica-coated cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dots (QDs). The time dependent cellular internalization efficiency study was carried out using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (cLSM) after exposing QDs to stem cells and cancer cells. The strong fluorescence from the cytoplasm confirmed that the QDs were efficiently internalized by the cells. The internalization maxima were observed at the fourth hour of incubation in both stem and cancer cells. Further, the in vitro fluorescence imaging as well as localization study of QDs were performed in various cells. Moreover, high contrast in vivo tumor imaging efficiency of silica-coated CdSe QDs was performed in ultrathin sections of tumor mice, and the results confirmed its effective role in cellular imaging and labelling in cancer and other diseases.
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