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Chen S, Zhang T, Zhu S, Zhou Y. A study on the related influencing factors of the quality of bowel preparation and the compliance of middle-aged and elderly patients for colonoscopy. Curr Med Res Opin 2024; 40:1545-1554. [PMID: 39046704 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2024.2384589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Quality of bowel preparation and patient compliance are among the most important indicators to assess the quality of colonoscopy. To investigate the independent factors associated with the quality of bowel preparation in subjects undergoing colonoscopy and its impact on compliance. METHODS A total of 329 patient records were collected and were divided into an adequate bowel preparation group (272 cases) and an inadequate bowel preparation group (57 cases), or a compliant group (260 cases) and a non-compliant group (69 cases), based on bowel preparation quality or compliance. The quality of bowel preparation is evaluated using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale. The comfort level of subjects during bowel preparation is assessed using the Kolcaba General Comfort Questionnaire (GCQ). Subjects' compliance was assessed according to a self-developed compliance questionnaire. Prediction analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with the quality of bowel preparation and compliance. RESULTS Age, bowel preparation duration, history of bowel inadequacy, and laxative dosage showed statistical differences between the adequate and inadequate bowel preparation groups (p < 0.05). Age, bowel preparation duration, and laxative dosage were independent influencing factors of bowel preparation quality. Correlation analysis showed that GCQ scores were significantly negatively correlated with age, bowel preparation duration, laxative dose, defecation frequency, and colonoscopy duration (r < 0, p < 0.05), and positively correlated with sleep duration (r > 0, p < 0.05). In addition, age, gender, bowel preparation duration, and laxative dosage showed statistical differences between the compliant and non-compliant groups (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that age, bowel preparation duration, and laxative dosage were independent influencing factors of bowel preparation compliance. Age and bowel preparation duration were independent influencing factors for bowel preparation adequacy and compliance. CONCLUSIONS Age, bowel preparation duration, and laxative dosage are independent influencing factors for bowel preparation adequacy and compliance among patients undergoing colonoscopy at the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University. It is recommended that a one-day low-residue diet combined with a 2000 mL laxative dosage be used as the bowel preparation protocol for the general colonoscopy population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chen
- Nursing Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Internal Medicine-Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Saie Zhu
- Nursing Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, PR China
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Yao-dong L, Yi-ping W, Gang M, Yang-yun H, Ling-ling Z, Hong D, Jia-zheng D, Rong-chao X, You-wei L, Ming Z, Shun-bin D, Jing L, Yang S, Jia-qi D, Lei D, Xiong-feng S, You-jian Z, Zuo-qiong Z. Comparison of oral sodium phosphate tablets and polyethylene glycol lavage solution for colonoscopy preparation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1088630. [PMID: 37305114 PMCID: PMC10250678 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1088630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To systematically compare the bowel cleaning ability, patient tolerance and safety of oral sodium phosphate tablets (NaPTab) and oral polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution (PEGL) to inform clinical decision making. Methods PubMed, Embase, CBM, WanFang Data, CNKI, and VIP databases were searched for studies that used randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the roles of NaPTab and PEGL in bowel preparation before colonoscopy. Two reviewers independently screened the studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias in the included papers. A meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results A total of 13 RCTs were eligible for inclusion, including 2,773 patients (1,378 and 1,395 cases in the NaPTab and PEGL groups, respectively). Meta-analysis revealed no significant difference in the cleansing quality of the NaPTab and PEGL groups [RR 1.02, 95% CI (0.96-1.08), P = 0.46]. The incidence of nausea was lower in the NaPTab group than in the PEGL group [RR 0.67, 95% CI (0.58-0.76), p < 0.00001]. Patients rated the taste of NaPTab higher than PEGL [RR 1.33, 95% CI (1.26-1.40), P < 0.00001]. Willingness to repeat the treatment was also higher in the NaPTab group than in the PEGL group [RR 1.52, 95% CI (1.28-1.80), P < 0.00001]. Both serum potassium and serum calcium decreased in both groups after the preparation; however, meta-analysis revealed that both minerals decreased more in the NaPTab group than in the PEGL group [MD = 0.38, 95% CI (0.13-0.62), P = 0.006 for serum potassium and MD = 0.41, 95% CI (0.04-0.77), P = 0.03 for serum calcium]. Meanwhile, serum phosphorus increased in both groups after the preparation; however, levels increased more in the NaPTab group than in the PEGL group [MD 4.51, (95% CI 2.9-6.11), P < 0.00001]. Conclusions While NaP tablets and PEGL were shown to have a similar cleaning effect before colonoscopy, NaP tablets had improved patient tolerance. However, NaP tablets had a strong effect on serum potassium, calcium, and phosphorus levels. For patients with low potassium, low calcium, and renal insufficiency, NaP tablets should be prescribed with caution. For those at high-risk for acute phosphate nephropathy, NaP tablets should be avoided. Given the low number and quality of included studies, these conclusions will require additional verification by large high-quality studies. Systematic review registration 10.37766/inplasy2023.5.0013, identifier: NPLASY202350013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yao-dong
- Gastroenterology Department of Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, China
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wang Yi-ping
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mai Gang
- Surgical Department of Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, China
| | - Han Yang-yun
- Surgical Department of Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, China
| | - Zhu Ling-ling
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Deng Hong
- Gastroenterology Department of Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, China
| | - Deng Jia-zheng
- Gastroenterology Department of Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, China
| | - Xiang Rong-chao
- Surgical Department of Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, China
| | - Li You-wei
- Surgical Department of Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, China
| | - Zhao Ming
- Gastroenterology Department of Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, China
| | - Ding Shun-bin
- Gastroenterology Department of Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, China
| | - Ling Jing
- Gastroenterology Department of Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, China
| | - Shen Yang
- Gastroenterology Department of Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, China
| | - Dong Jia-qi
- Gastroenterology Department of Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, China
| | - Deng Lei
- Gastroenterology Department of Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, China
| | - Song Xiong-feng
- Gastroenterology Department of Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, China
| | - Zhang You-jian
- Gastroenterology Department of Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, China
| | - Zhou Zuo-qiong
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Shahini E, Sinagra E, Vitello A, Ranaldo R, Contaldo A, Facciorusso A, Maida M. Factors affecting the quality of bowel preparation for colonoscopy in hard-to-prepare patients: Evidence from the literature. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:1685-1707. [PMID: 37077514 PMCID: PMC10107216 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i11.1685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate bowel cleansing is critical for a high-quality colonoscopy because it affects diagnostic accuracy and adenoma detection. Nevertheless, almost a quarter of procedures are still carried out with suboptimal preparation, resulting in longer procedure times, higher risk of complications, and higher likelihood of missing lesions. Current guidelines recommend high-volume or low-volume polyethylene glycol (PEG)/non-PEG-based split-dose regimens. In patients who have had insufficient bowel cleansing, the colonoscopy should be repeated the same day or the next day with additional bowel cleansing as a salvage option. A strategy that includes a prolonged low-fiber diet, a split preparation regimen, and a colonoscopy within 5 h of the end of preparation may increase cleansing success rates in the elderly. Furthermore, even though no specific product is specifically recommended in the other cases for difficult-to-prepare patients, clinical evidence suggests that 1-L PEG plus ascorbic acid preparation are associated with higher cleansing success in hospitalized and inflammatory bowel disease patients. Patients with severe renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min) should be prepared with isotonic high volume PEG solutions. Few data on cirrhotic patients are currently available, and no trials have been conducted in this population. An accurate characterization of procedural and patient variables may lead to a more personalized approach to bowel preparation, especially in patients undergoing resection of left colon lesions, where intestinal preparation has a poor outcome. The purpose of this review was to summarize the evidence on the risk factors influencing the quality of bowel cleansing in difficult-to-prepare patients, as well as strategies to improve colonoscopy preparation in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endrit Shahini
- Gastroenterology Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, Castellana Grotte, Bari 70013, Italy
| | - Emanuele Sinagra
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Istituto G. Giglio, Cefalù 90015, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vitello
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, S.Elia-Raimondi Hospital, Caltanissetta 93100, Italy
| | - Rocco Ranaldo
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Mazzolani-Vandini” Hospital, Digestive Endoscopy, Ferrara 744011, Italy
| | - Antonella Contaldo
- Gastroenterology Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S de Bellis” Research Hospital, Bari 70013, Italy
| | - Antonio Facciorusso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Foggia, Section of Gastroenterology, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Marcello Maida
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, S.Elia-Raimondi Hospital, Caltanissetta 93100, Italy
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Jung DH, Gweon TG, Lee S, Son NH, Kim BW, Huh CW. Combination of Enhanced Instructions Improve Quality of Bowel Preparation: A Prospective, Colonoscopist-Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Study. Dis Colon Rectum 2022; 65:117-124. [PMID: 34459448 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000002070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appropriate bowel preparation is highly important for the efficacy of colonoscopy; however, up to one-third of patients do not accomplish adequate bowel preparation. OBJECTIVE We investigated the impact of the combination of enhanced instruction on the quality of bowel preparation and its impact on clinically relevant outcomes. DESIGN This was a colonoscopist-blinded, prospective, randomized trial. SETTINGS All patients received regular instructions for bowel preparation. Patients were randomly assigned to the control, telephone reeducation, and combined enhanced instruction groups. PATIENTS Outpatients aged 19 to 75 years scheduled to undergo colonoscopy were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome was adequate bowel preparation rate. RESULTS A total of 311 patients were randomly assigned to the combined enhanced instruction (n = 104), telephone reeducation (n = 101), and control groups (n = 106). An intention-to-treat analysis showed that the adequate bowel preparation rate was higher in the combined enhanced instruction group than in the telephone reeducation and control groups (92.3% vs 82.2% vs 76.4%, p = 0.007). The rate of compliance with the instructions was significantly higher in the combined enhanced instruction group than in the telephone reeducation and control groups. Method of education was associated with proper bowel preparation (adjusted OR 17.46; p < 0.001 for combined enhanced instruction relative to control). LIMITATIONS This was a single-center study conducted in Korea. CONCLUSIONS Combined enhanced instruction as an adjunct to regular instructions much improved the quality of bowel preparation and patients' adherence to the preparation instructions. The combined enhanced instruction method could be the best option for bowel preparation instruction. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B673. LA COMBINACIN DE INSTRUCCIONES MEJORADAS, INCREMENTA LA CALIDAD DE LA PREPARACIN INTESTINAL ESTUDIO PROSPECTIVO, CONTROLADO, ALEATORIO Y CIEGO PARA EL COLONOSCOPISTA ANTECEDENTES:La preparación adecuada del intestino es muy importante para la eficacia de la colonoscopia; sin embargo, hasta un tercio de los pacientes no logran buenos resutlados.OBJETIVO:Investigar el impacto de la combinación de instrucciónes claras en la calidad de la preparación intestinal y su impacto en los resultados clínicos.DISEÑO:Trabajo aleatorio, prospectivo y ciego para el colonoscopista.AJUSTES:Los pacientes recibieron instrucciones periódicas para la preparación intestinal. Fueron asignados aleatoriamente al grupo control, educación telefónica y de instrucción mejoradas.PACIENTES:Se incluyeron pacientes ambulatorios de 19 a 75 años programados para ser sometidos a colonoscopia.PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO:El principal resultado fue una adecuada preparación intestinal.RESULTADOS:Un total de 311 pacientes fueron asignados al azar a la instrucción mejorada combinada (n = 104), reeducación telefónica (n = 101) y grupo de control (n = 106). El análisis estadístico mostró que la tasa de preparación intestinal adecuada fue mayor en el grupo combinado de instrucción mejorada que en los grupos de reeducación telefónica y control (92,3% vs 82,2% vs 76,4%, p = 0,007). La tasa de cumplimiento de las instrucciones fue significativamente mayor en el grupo de instrucción mejorada combinada que en los otros. El método de educación se asoció con una preparación intestinal adecuada (razón de posibilidades ajustada de 17,46; p <0,001 para la instrucción mejorada combinada en relación con el control.LIMITACIONES:Estudio en un solo centro realizado en Corea.CONCLUSIONES:La instrucción mejorada combinada como complemento de las instrucciones regulares mejoró mucho la calidad de la preparación intestinal y la adherencia de los pacientes a las instrucciones de preparación. El método de instrucción mejorado combinado podría ser la mejor opción para la instrucción de preparación intestinal. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B673.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hyun Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Geun Gweon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SeJoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nak-Hoon Son
- Data Science Team (Biostatistician), Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheal Wung Huh
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ray-Offor E, Jebbin N. Risk Factors for Inadequate Bowel Preparation During Colonoscopy in Nigerian Patients. Cureus 2021; 13:e17145. [PMID: 34532179 PMCID: PMC8435095 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The past few decades have witnessed the introduction of various innovative technologies into colon study by colonoscopy. A well-prepared bowel is crucial to their effective utilization. An inadequate bowel preparation during colonoscopy is associated with increased technical difficulties, enhanced risks of perforation, longer examination durations, reduced adenoma detection rates, and additional costs related to repeated colonoscopies. There is a paucity of literature from Africa on the multiple patient factors that affect the quality of bowel preparation; hence, the need to identify patients at risk for inadequate bowel preparation to allow for more diligence in this special group. Aim To study the risk factors of inadequate bowel preparation for colonoscopy and identify the group of patients who need intensified preparation in a Nigerian population. Methods A case-control study of consecutive patients undergoing colonoscopy in an open access/referral-based multi-disciplinary endoscopy facility in Port Harcourt metropolis, Nigeria from March 2014 to November 2020. Consecutive adult patients who underwent colonoscopy with inadequate bowel preparation irrespective of the indication were retrospectively identified. Each case of inadequate bowel preparation while using a particular bowel preparation agent was matched with the next colon study with adequate bowel preparation (control) for the same agent in a 1:1 ratio. The variables collated were age, gender, literacy level, colonoscopy indication, medical history, bowel preparation agent, timing of endoscopy, and outcome. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results There were 143 cases of inadequate bowel preparation during colonoscopy included in the study with an equal number of control (cases of adequate bowel preparation). The age of patients ranged from 24 years to 92 years. Bleeding per rectum - 122(42.7%), and screening for colorectal cancer - 67(23.4%), were the leading indications for colonoscopy in study patients. Bivariate analysis of cases and controls revealed significant difference in educational status, comorbidity of hypertension, and constipation (p < 0.01, p = 0.082, p = 0.143, respectively). In the multivariate analysis of risk factors, the odds ratio (OR) for secondary level of education and below was 2.54 (95% confidence interval CI 1.50-4.30; p = 0.001); hypertension - OR 1.64 (95% CI 0.98-2.73; p = 0.058); constipation - OR 1.27 (95% CI 0.52-3.10; p = 0.598). Conclusion The educational status of patients is a strong risk factor associated with inadequate bowel preparation for colonoscopy in this Nigerian population. There is a need for effective patient education especially for patients with a low literacy level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeka Ray-Offor
- Digestive Disease Unit, Oak Endoscopy Centre, Port Harcourt, NGA
- Colorectal and Minimal Access Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, NGA
| | - Nze Jebbin
- Colorectal and Minimal Access Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, NGA
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Shin SY, Ga KS, Kim IY, Park YM, Jung DH, Kim JH, Youn YH, Park H, Park JJ. Predictive factors for inadequate bowel preparation using low-volume polyethylene glycol (PEG) plus ascorbic acid for an outpatient colonoscopy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19715. [PMID: 31873135 PMCID: PMC6928254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56107-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-volume polyethylene glycol (PEG) plus ascorbic acid solutions are widely used for bowel cleansing before colonoscopy. This study aimed to investigate the pre-endoscopic predictive factors for inadequate preparation in subjects receiving low-volume PEG plus ascorbic acid. A prospective study was performed at Gangnam Severance Hospital, Korea, from June 2016 to December 2016. All participants received low-volume PEG plus ascorbic acid solutions for outpatient colonoscopy. The split-dose bowel preparation was administered in subject with morning colonoscopy while same day bowel preparation was used for afternoon colonoscopy. 715 patients were enrolled (mean age 56.1 years, 54.4% male), of which 138 (19.3%) had an inadequate bowel preparation. In multivariable analysis, cirrhosis (OR 4.943, 95% CI 1.191–20.515), low (less than 70%) compliance for three-day low-residual diet (OR 2.165, 95% CI 1.333–3.515), brown liquid rectal effluent (compared with clear or semi-clear effluent) (OR 7.604, 95% CI, 1.760–32.857), and longer time interval (≥2 hours) between last defecation and colonoscopic examination (OR 1.841, 95% CI, 1.190–2.849) were found as an independent predictors for inadequate preparation. These predictive factors may be useful in guiding additional intervention to improve quality of bowel preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yong Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeong Seon Ga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo Mi Park
- Health Promotion Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Da Hyun Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jie-Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Youn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyojin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Jun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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