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Panda A, Sabnam K, De S, Dasgupta S. Non-enzymatic glycation of human angiogenin: Effects on enzymatic activity and binding to hRI and DNA. Biochimie 2022; 208:151-159. [PMID: 36592684 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The effects of non-enzymatic glycation on the structural and functional properties of human angiogenin (hAng) have been investigated with respect to the formation of advanced glycated end products (AGEs), on prolonged treatment with d-Glucose, d-Fructose and d-Ribose at 37 °C. Fluorescence studies show the formation of fluorescent AGEs which exhibit emission maxima at 406 nm and 435 nm. Glycation of hAng with ribose leads to the maximum loss of its functional characteristic properties, as compared to fructose and glucose, along with the formation of higher oligomers. An increase in the incubation time results in the formation of higher oligomers with a concomitant decrease in the ribonucleolytic activity. The increase in the hydrodynamic radii of the glycated samples compared to native hAng is indicative of structural perturbations. The ribonucleolytic activity and the DNA binding ability of glycated hAng has been investigated by an agarose gel-based assay. Glycated hAng was unable to bind with human placental ribonuclease inhibitor (hRI), otherwise known to form one of the strongest protein-protein interaction systems with an affinity in the femtomolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atashi Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Kabira Sabnam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Soumya De
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Swagata Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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Lagarto JL, Nickdel MB, Kelly DJ, Price A, Nanchahal J, Dunsby C, French P, Itoh Y. Autofluorescence Lifetime Reports Cartilage Damage in Osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2154. [PMID: 32034262 PMCID: PMC7005742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common arthritis and its hallmark is degradation of articular cartilage by proteolytic enzymes leading to loss of joint function. It is challenging to monitor the status of cartilage in vivo and this study explores the use of autofluorescence lifetime (AFL) measurements to provide a label-free optical readout of cartilage degradation that could enable earlier detection and evaluation of potential therapies. We previously reported that treatment of ex vivo porcine cartilage with proteolytic enzymes resulted in decreased AFL. Here we report changes in AFL of ex vivo mouse knee joints, porcine metacarpophalangeal joints, normal human metatarsophalangeal articular tissue and human OA tibial plateau tissues measured with or without treatment using a compact single-point time resolved spectrofluorometer. Our data show that proteolytically damaged areas in porcine metacarpophalangeal joints present a reduced AFL and that inducing aggrecanases in mouse and human joints also significantly reduces AFL. Further, human cartilage from OA patients presents a significantly lower AFL compared to normal human cartilage. Our data suggest that AFL can detect areas of cartilage erosion and may potentially be utilised as a minimally-invasive diagnostic readout for early stage OA in combination with arthroscopy devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- João L Lagarto
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mohammad B Nickdel
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Douglas J Kelly
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andrew Price
- Botner Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Jagdeep Nanchahal
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Chris Dunsby
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,Centre for Pathology, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Paul French
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Yoshifumi Itoh
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK.
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Navarro M, Morales FJ, Ramos S. Olive leaf extract concentrated in hydroxytyrosol attenuates protein carbonylation and the formation of advanced glycation end products in a hepatic cell line (HepG2). Food Funct 2017; 8:944-953. [PMID: 28229142 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01738j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glycation takes place both at the cellular level and at the extracellular matrix level and generates, consequently, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) associated with chronic diseases and the aging process. Two olive leaf extracts concentrated in (i) oleuropein (OLE-A; 93.9 mg oleuropein g-1) and (ii) hydroxytyrosol (OLE-B; 54.5 mg hydroxytyrosol g-1) were evaluated according to their antiglycative and antioxidant capacity in vitro. OLE-B exerted the highest anti-AGE effect in different glycation models (IC50: 0.25-0.29 mg mL-1). OLE-B showed the highest antioxidant capacity and methylglyoxal-trapping capacity (IC50 0.16 mg mL-1). OLE-B showed a significant inhibitory effect against protein carbonylation (21%) and generation of argpyrimidine (26%) in a hepatocyte cellular carbonyl stress model evoked by methylglyoxal (MGO). OLE-B was further fractionated by solid phase-extraction, and the protective effect against protein carbonylation was only exerted by the fraction containing hydroxytyrosol. However, hydroxytyrosol standard, at the same concentration in the extract, inhibited the protein carbonylation below 10% but not significantly. The results indicate that the antiglycative activity of OLE in cells could be due to a synergic effect of hydroxytyrosol and other minor compounds with similar polarity. The research of the antiglycative activity in vivo could confirm these promising results and to propose OLE as a natural anti-AGE agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Navarro
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Morales
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sonia Ramos
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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Chaudhury S, Ghosh P, Parveen S, Dasgupta S. Glycation of human γB-crystallin: A biophysical investigation. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 96:392-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Padilla-Martinez JP, Wang R, Franco W. Evaluation of cell and matrix mechanics using fluorescence excitation spectroscopy: Feasibility study in collagen gels containing fibroblasts. Lasers Surg Med 2016; 48:377-84. [PMID: 26990874 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Collagen gels containing cells are commonly used in tissue engineering, wound healing, and cancer research to investigate the interplay between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM), as changes in the density and stiffness of the microenvironment are known to play a role in many diseases or pathological conditions. In these gels, the stiffness is regularly determined using destructive methods, such as indentation and tensile tests. Certain molecules native to cells and the ECM display fluorescence upon irradiation with ultraviolet light. The objective of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of using the endogenous, or innate, fluorescence of collagen gels containing fibroblasts as an optical marker to evaluate changes in the mechanical properties of the ECM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human foreskin fibroblasts cells at concentrations of 50,000 and 100,000 cells/ml were cultured in three-dimensional gels of type I collagen for 16 days. Fibroblast cells remodeled the ECM, contracting and increasing the stiffness of the gel. During this remodeling process, changes in mechanical properties and fluorescence were measured with an indentation test and a spectrofluorometer, respectively. Force and displacement measurements from the indentation test were used to calculate the elastic modulus of the gel. Maps of fluorescence intensity, at excitation/emission of 240-520/290-530 nm, were used to identify the wavelengths of interest. RESULTS Fluorescence excitation/emission maps exhibited two distinct excitation/emission bands whose intensities increased as the fibroblasts remodeled and increased the stiffness of the ECM: The 290/340 nm band ascribed to tryptophan and the 330/390 nm band ascribed to cross-links of collagen (pepsin-digestible cross-links). A Spearman correlation analysis, between the elastic modulus of the gel containing fibroblasts and the fluorescence of cross-links of collagen, resulted in R = 0.95 (P < 0.05) and R = 0.77 (P = 0.12) for 50,000 and 100,000 cells/ml, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The endogenous fluorescence intensity ascribed to pepsin-digestible cross-links of collagen may serve as an optical marker to evaluate changes in the mechanical properties of the ECM; this is relevant to collagenous tissues for which pathological states are related to mechanical alterations, such as keratoconus in cornea and osteoarthritis in articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Padilla-Martinez
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ruisheng Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Walfre Franco
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Dinda AK, Tripathy DR, Dasgupta S. Glycation of Ribonuclease A affects its enzymatic activity and DNA binding ability. Biochimie 2015; 118:162-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gallic acid can play a chondroprotective role against AGE-induced osteoarthritis progression. J Orthop Sci 2015; 20:734-41. [PMID: 25824985 DOI: 10.1007/s00776-015-0718-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a group of stable covalent compounds generated by proteins, lipids, other macromolecules and sugar through a series of non-enzymatic reactions. As reported, AGEs can cause widespread pathophysiological responses through activation of AGE receptors (RAGEs) on the cell surface, and play an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). We hypothesized that the antioxidant and anti-glycan agent gallic acid (GA) can work against the effects of AGEs and can be used as a potential drug for the cure of OA. METHODS The present study first explored the negative functions of AGEs via AGE-treated chondrocytes isolated form rabbits. Then, we observed the protective role of GA in AGE-treated chondrocytes by measuring the reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), collagen II, aggrecan, nitric oxide synthase (iNOs) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in vitro. Finally, the changes in a cartilage lesion in a rabbit model of knee osteoarthritis was observed. RESULTS Exposure of chondrocytes to AGEs resulted in a reduction of ROS, SOD, collagen II and aggrecan, and an increase in iNOs and COX-2, which means exposure promoted OA lesions in a clinical setting. When AGE-treated chondrocytes were pretreated with GA, there were no significant changes in these key components compared to the normal chondrocytes. In vivo study showed cartilage degradation was reduced by GA as compared to the vehicle group. CONCLUSION The results of this study confirmed the chondroprotective role of GA and provide a potential drug for the relief of OA.
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Duncan ST, Khazzam MS, Burnham JM, Spindler KP, Dunn WR, Wright RW. Sensitivity of standing radiographs to detect knee arthritis: a systematic review of Level I studies. Arthroscopy 2015; 31:321-8. [PMID: 25312767 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2014.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review of the available literature to define the level of quality evidence for determining the sensitivity and specificity of different radiographic views in detecting knee osteoarthritis and to determine the impact of different grading systems on the ability to detect knee osteoarthritis. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify studies that evaluated the standing anteroposterior (AP) and 45° posteroanterior (PA) views for tibiofemoral and patellofemoral arthritis and those comparing the use of the Kellgren-Lawrence versus the joint space narrowing (JSN) radiographic grading systems using arthroscopy as the gold standard. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, the Cochrane Database, Clinicaltrial.gov, and EMBASE was performed using the keywords "osteoarthritis," "knee," "x-ray," "sensitivity," and "arthroscopy." RESULTS Six studies were included in the evaluation. The 45° flexion PA view showed a higher sensitivity than the standing AP view for detecting severe arthritis involving either the medial or lateral tibiofemoral compartment. There was no difference in the specificities for the 2 views. The direct comparison of the Kellgren-Lawrence and the JSN radiographic grading systems found no clinical difference between the 2 systems regarding the sensitivities, although the specificity was greater for the JSN system. CONCLUSIONS The ability to detect knee osteoarthritis continues to be difficult without using advanced imaging. However, as an inexpensive screening tool, the 45° flexion PA view is more sensitive than the standing AP view to detect severe tibiofemoral osteoarthritis. When evaluating the radiograph for severe osteoarthritis using either the Kellgren-Lawrence or JSN grading system, there is no clinical difference in the sensitivity between the 2 methods; however, the JSN may be more specific for ruling in severe osteoarthritis in the medial compartment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level I, systematic review of Level I studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Duncan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, U.S.A..
| | - Michael S Khazzam
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Jeremy M Burnham
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, U.S.A
| | - Kurt P Spindler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Sports Health Center, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Warren R Dunn
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Rick W Wright
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A
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Kumar SM, Swaminathan K, Clemens DL, Dey A. GSH protects against oxidative stress and toxicity in VL-17A cells exposed to high glucose. Eur J Nutr 2014; 54:223-34. [PMID: 24756473 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0703-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The deficiency of glutathione (GSH) has been linked to several diseases. The study investigated the role of GSH as a protective factor against hyperglycemia-mediated injury in VL-17A cells treated with 50 mM glucose. METHODS The cell viability and different oxidative stress parameters including glyoxalase I activity were measured. RESULTS GSH supplementation with 2 mM N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or 0.1 mM ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) increased the viability, GSH level and the GSH-dependent glyoxalase I activity in 50 mM glucose-treated VL-17A cells. Further, pretreatment of 50 mM glucose-treated VL-17A cells with NAC or UDCA decreased oxidative stress (levels of reactive oxygen species and protein carbonylation), apoptosis (caspase 3 activity and annexin V-propidium iodide positive cells) and glutathionylated protein formation, a measure of oxidative stress. GSH depletion with 0.4 mM buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) or 1 mM diethyl maleate (DEM) potentiated the decrease in viability, glyoxalase I activity and increase in oxidative stress and apoptosis, with decreased GSH levels in 50 mM glucose-treated VL-17A cells. CONCLUSION Thus, changes in GSH levels with exogenous agents such as NAC, UDCA, BSO or DEM modulate hyperglycemia-mediated injury in a cell model of VL-17A liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mathan Kumar
- Life Science Division, AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT Campus of Anna University, Chromepet, Chennai, 600044, India
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In vitro hyperglycemic condition facilitated the aggregation of lysozyme via the passage through a molten globule state. Cell Biochem Biophys 2013. [PMID: 23184703 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-012-9479-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemic condition i.e. an increase in blood glucose concentration has been linked to bring about structural alterations in the native state of proteins. Glucose concentrations of 50 and 100 mM in vitro, which correspond to hyperglycemic condition, were tested to investigate their effect on lysozyme native structure. Incubating enzyme with 50 and 100 mM glucose for a period of 7 days, an intermediate state on day 4 and 3 was observed, respectively. The presence of intermediate state was characterized by a 22 % increase in the intrinsic fluorescence intensity with a red shift of 20 nm compared to the native state, a 5 % increase in ANS-fluorescence intensity relative to the native due to the surfacing of hydrophobic clusters and a sharp decrease in near-UV CD signal at around 284 and 291 nm. The state retains substantial native-like secondary structure. This partially unfolded intermediate state can be referred as 'molten globule', which finally tends to aggregate on day 6 and 4 with 50 and 100 mM glucose concentration, respectively, as a result of cross-linking between lysozyme molecules. The aggregates were confirmed by the presence of β-sheet structure as depicted by far-UV CD, an increase in ThT fluorescence as well as the fibrillar morphology shown by SEM. Moreover, advanced glycation end products were also accompanied as the emission peak was observed at 460 and 470 nm corresponding to the formation of pentosidine and malonaldehyde, respectively.
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Swaminathan K, Kumar SM, Clemens DL, Dey A. Inhibition of CYP2E1 leads to decreased advanced glycated end product formation in high glucose treated ADH and CYP2E1 over-expressing VL-17A cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:4407-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Ghosh S, Pandey NK, Singha Roy A, Tripathy DR, Dinda AK, Dasgupta S. Prolonged glycation of hen egg white lysozyme generates non amyloidal structures. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74336. [PMID: 24066139 PMCID: PMC3774808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycation causes severe damage to protein structure that could lead to amyloid formation in special cases. Here in this report, we have shown for the first time that hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) does not undergo amyloid formation even after prolonged glycation in the presence of D-glucose, D-fructose and D-ribose. Cross-linked oligomers were formed in all the cases and ribose was found to be the most potent among the three sugars. Ribose mediated oligomers, however, exhibit Thioflavin T binding properties although microscopic images clearly show amorphous and globular morphology of the aggregates. Our study demonstrates that the structural damage of hen egg white lysozyme due to glycation generates unstructured aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Nitin Kumar Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Atanu Singha Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Debi Ranjan Tripathy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Amit Kumar Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Swagata Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
- * E-mail:
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Indurthi VS, Leclerc E, Vetter SW. Interaction between glycated serum albumin and AGE-receptors depends on structural changes and the glycation reagent. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 528:185-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Chandrasekaran K, Swaminathan K, Kumar SM, Clemens DL, Dey A. Increased oxidative stress and toxicity in ADH and CYP2E1 overexpressing human hepatoma VL-17A cells exposed to high glucose. Integr Biol (Camb) 2012; 4:550-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ib00155a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Khan TA, Amani S, Naeem A. Glycation promotes the formation of genotoxic aggregates in glucose oxidase. Amino Acids 2011; 43:1311-22. [PMID: 22198547 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of pentose sugars (ribose and arabinose) on the structural and chemical modifications in glucose oxidase (GOD) as well as genotoxic potential of this modified form. An intermediate state of GOD was observed on day 12 of incubation having CD minima peaks at 222 and 208 nm, characteristic of α-helix and a few tertiary contacts with altered tryptophan environment and high ANS binding. All these features indicate the existence of molten globule state of the GOD with ribose and arabinose on day 12. GOD on day 15 of incubation forms β structures as revealed by CD and FTIR which may be due to its aggregation. Furthermore, GOD on day 15 showed a remarkable increase in Thioflavin T fluorescence at 485 nm. Comet assay of lymphocytes and plasmid nicking assay in presence of glycated GOD show DNA damage which confirmed the genotoxicity of advance glycated end products. Hence, our study suggests that glycated GOD results in the formation of aggregates and the advanced glycated end products, which are genotoxic in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taqi Ahmed Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Huang CY, Lai KY, Hung LF, Wu WL, Liu FC, Ho LJ. Advanced glycation end products cause collagen II reduction by activating Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway in porcine chondrocytes. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011; 50:1379-89. [PMID: 21482542 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The major risk factor for OA is ageing; however, the mechanisms remain largely unclear. We investigated the effects and mechanisms of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that accumulate in aged joints in chondrocytes. METHODS Porcine chondrocytes or cartilage fragments were prepared. Gene expression of MMPs and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) was assessed by real-time RT-PCR. Gelatin zymography was used to determine MMP-13 enzyme activity. Histochemistry or immunoblotting analysis was applied to determine the expression of collagen II, proteoglycan and aggrecan. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and immunoblotting were used to study the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Genetic manipulations with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or dominant negative constructs were applied. RESULTS AGE enhanced expression and enzyme activity of MMP and ADAMTS genes and resulted in reduction of collagen II. Both janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and JAK3 inhibitors suppressed AGE-induced MMP-13, ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5 expression and enzyme activity. Inhibition of JAK2 or JAK3 prevented AGE-mediated decrease of collagen II in chondrocytes and proteoglycan (aggrecan) degradation in cartilage fragments. In addition, interference of STAT3 expression inhibited AGE-induced MMP-13 and ADAMTS enzyme activities and mRNA levels. Furthermore, expression of the dominant negative receptor of AGE (DN-RAGE) blocked AGE-induced STAT3 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION Blocking JAK/STAT3 signalling pathway inhibited AGE-induced activation of MMP-13 and ADAMTS and prevented AGE-mediated decrease of collagen II and proteoglycan (aggrecan). The results indicated that JAK/STAT3 pathway may be a potential target for designing disease-modifying drugs for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Yueh Huang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institute, Zhunan, Taiwan, ROC
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Liu FC, Hung LF, Wu WL, Chang DM, Huang CY, Lai JH, Ho LJ. Chondroprotective effects and mechanisms of resveratrol in advanced glycation end products-stimulated chondrocytes. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12:R167. [PMID: 20825639 PMCID: PMC2990994 DOI: 10.1186/ar3127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in joints contributes to the pathogenesis of cartilage damage in osteoarthritis (OA). We aim to explore the potential chondroprotective effects of resveratrol on AGEs-stimulated porcine chondrocytes and cartilage explants. Methods Chondrocytes were isolated from pig joints. Activation of the IκB kinase (IKK)-IκBα-nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-activator protein-1 (AP-1) pathways was assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), Western blot and transfection assay. The levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-NO and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured by Western blot, Griess reaction or ELISA. The expression and enzyme activity of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) were determined by real time RT/PCR and gelatin zymography, respectively. Results We show that AGEs-induced expression of iNOS and COX-2 and production of NO and PGE2 were suppressed by resveratrol. Such effects of resveratrol were likely mediated through inhibiting IKK-IκBα-NF-κB and JNK/ERK-AP-1 signaling pathways induced by AGEs. By targeting these critical signaling pathways, resveratrol decreased AGEs-stimulated expression and activity of MMP-13 and prevented AGEs-mediated destruction of collagen II. Histochemistry analysis further confirms that resveratrol could prevent AGEs-induced degradation of proteoglycan and aggrecan in cartilage explants. Conclusions The present study reveals not only the effects and mechanisms regarding how resveratrol may protect cartilage from AGEs-mediated damage but also the potential therapeutic benefit of resveratrol in the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Cheng Liu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu 114, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Huang CY, Hung LF, Liang CCT, Ho LJ. COX-2 and iNOS are critical in advanced glycation end product-activated chondrocytes in vitro. Eur J Clin Invest 2009; 39:417-28. [PMID: 19371268 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2009.02106.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulate in joints of osteoarthritis patients. This study aimed to investigate the roles of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) pathways in AGE-mediated cartilage damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Methylglyoxal-modified albumin was used as the source of AGE. Porcine and human chondrocytes were prepared from the joint cartilage of pigs and osteoarthritis patients. The activation of COX-2, iNOS, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), activator protein-1 (AP-1) and protein kinases was determined by Western blotting, kinase assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) or transfection assay. Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and NO concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Griess reaction respectively. The enzymatic activity of COX was determined by measuring the conversion of arachidonic acid to PGE(2). The release of sulphated glycosaminoglycan and the intensity of Safranin O staining were used to measure cartilage degradation. RESULTS AGE potently induced COX-2-PGE(2) and iNOS-NO activation in porcine and human chondrocytes. Meanwhile, the upstream molecules regulating COX-2/iNOS activation, such as AP-1, NF-kappaB, extracellular signal regulated protein kinase (ERK) and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), were activated by AGE. Although AGE could not activate p38 directly, by measuring COX enzyme activity, the inhibition of p38 resulted in suppressing AGE-induced conversion of arachidonic acid to PGE(2). Furthermore, successful blockage of either COX-2 or NOS activity significantly reduced AGE-mediated proteoglycan release and cartilage degradation. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the significance of COX-2 and iNOS pathways in AGE-mediated OA pathogenesis and their potential as therapeutic targets that are beyond pain killing for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-Y Huang
- National Health Research Institute, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
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Bolbos RI, Link TM, Benjamin C, Majumdar S, Li X. T1rho relaxation time of the meniscus and its relationship with T1rho of adjacent cartilage in knees with acute ACL injuries at 3 T. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2009; 17:12-8. [PMID: 18602280 PMCID: PMC2838771 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2008.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2008] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the reproducibility of meniscus T1rho measurements, and to study T1rho relaxation time in the lateral meniscus (LM) and its relationship with adjacent cartilage T1rho in knees with acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries at 3T magnetic resonance imaging. METHOD Quantitative assessment of the meniscus and cartilage was performed in 15 healthy controls and 16 ACL-injured patients using a T1rho mapping technique. All ACL-injured patients were imaged prior to surgery within 1-3 months of injury. The anterior and posterior horns of LM and medial meniscus (MM) were associated with partitioned weight-bearing cartilage sub-compartments (anterior, central, and posterior). RESULTS T1rho measurements in the meniscus showed excellent reproducibility (coefficient of variation (CV)<5%). Significantly elevated T1rho values were found in the LM in patients compared with controls (P<0.01). No differences were found in the MM. Significantly higher T1rho values were found at the posterior horn compared with the anterior horn of patients' meniscus (P=0.005). At the posterior sub-compartment of lateral tibia (LT), significantly increased cartilage T1rho values were found in patients compared with controls (P=0.002). A significant correlation (R(2)=0.47, P=0.007) was found between T1rho values of posterior horn of LM and T1rho values of posterior sub-compartment of LT cartilage in patients. CONCLUSION A strong injury-related relationship was demonstrated between meniscus and cartilage biochemical changes. T1rho mapping techniques provide tools to quantitatively evaluate meniscus and cartilage matrix in patients with ACL injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. I. Bolbos
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research (MQIR), Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Dr Radu I. Bolbos, Ph.D., Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, 185 Berry Street, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA. Tel: 1-415-353-4928; Fax: 1-415-353-3438;
| | - T. M. Link
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research (MQIR), Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C. Benjamin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S. Majumdar
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research (MQIR), Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - X. Li
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research (MQIR), Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
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