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Nofal A, Azzazy M, Ayyad S, Abdelsalm E, Abousekken MS, Tammam O. Evaluation of the brown alga, Sargassum muticum extract as an antimicrobial and feeding additives. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 84:e259721. [PMID: 35976372 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.259721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant disease administration is difficult due to the nature of phytopathogens. Biological control is a safe method to avoid the problems related to fungal diseases affecting crop productivity and some human pathogenic bacteria. For that, the antimicrobial activity of the seaweed Sargassum muticum methanol and water extracts were investigated against human bacterial pathogens and fungal plant pathogens. By using 70 percent methanol, the seaweed powder was extracted, feeding additives assay, ultrastructure (TEM). Results revealed significant inhibition of S. muticum methanol extract against Salmonella typhi (25.66 mm), Escherichia coli (24.33 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (22.33 mm) and Bacillus subtilis. (19.66 mm), some fungal phytopathogens significantly inhibited Fusarium moniliforme (30.33mm), Pythium ultimum (26.33 mm), Aspergillus flavus (24.36mm), and Macrophomina phaseolina (22.66mm). Phytochemical investigation of S. muticum extract showed the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Results suggested that there is an appreciable level of antioxidant potential in S. muticum (79.86%) DPPH scavenging activity. Ultrastructural studies of Fusarium moniliforme hypha grown on a medium containing S. muticum extract at concentration 300mg/ml showed a thickening cell wall, disintegration of cytoplasm, large lipid bodies and vacuoles. In conclusion, our study revealed The antibacterial activity of S. muticum extract significantly against some Gram positive, Gram negative bacteria and antifungal activity against some phytopathogenic and some mycotoxin producer fungi. Flavonoids, phenolic play an important role as antioxidants and antimicrobial properties. Such study revealed that S. muticum methanol extract could be used as ecofriendly biocontrol for phytopathogenic fungi and feeding additives to protect livestock products.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nofal
- University of Sadat City, Environmental Studies and Research Institute, Sustainable Development of Environment and Its Projects Management Department, Minufiya, Egypt
| | - M Azzazy
- University of Sadat City, Environmental Studies and Research Institute, Surveys of Natural Resources Department, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - S Ayyad
- Mansoura University, Faculty of Science, Botany Department, Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - E Abdelsalm
- University of Sadat City, Environmental Studies and Research Institute, Sustainable Development of Environment and Its Projects Management Department, Minufiya, Egypt
| | - M S Abousekken
- University of Sadat City, Environmental Studies and Research Institute, Sustainable Development of Environment and Its Projects Management Department, Minufiya, Egypt
| | - O Tammam
- University of Sadat City, Environmental Studies and Research Institute, Surveys of Natural Resources Department, Sadat City, Egypt
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Mwaniki AW, Buis QR, Trott D, Huber LA, Yang C, Kiarie EG. Comparative efficacy of commercially available deoxynivalenol detoxifying feed additives on growth performance, total tract digestibility of components, and physiological responses in nursery pigs fed diets formulated with naturally contaminated corn. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab050. [PMID: 34085027 PMCID: PMC8162626 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Comparative efficacy of deoxynivalenol (DON) detoxifying feed additives (FA) was evaluated in growth performance (exp. 1) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD; exp. 2) nursery pig studies. Six corn-soybean meal-based diets were used: 1) positive control (PC, formulated with <1.5 ppm DON corn), negative control (NC, formulated with 5.5 ppm DON corn), NC + FA1 (clay plus yeast cell wall extract), NC + FA2 (aluminosilicate), NC + FA3 (aluminosilicate plus fungal extract), and NC + FA4 (sodium metabisulfite, SMB). In exp. 1, 144 pigs (body weight [BW], 10.2 ± 0.1kg) were housed (4 pigs/pen), allocated to diets (n = 6) based on BW, and fed for 4-wk. The BW and feed intake were monitored weekly. On d 7, one pig/pen was bled for plasma and euthanized for organ weight and tissue samples. Assayed DON concentration in PC, NC, NC + FA4 was 0.29, 2.86, and 1.21 ppm, respectively. In wk-1, the average daily gain (ADG) of pigs fed NC + FA4 was not different (P > 0.05) to that of pigs fed PC diet but greater (P = 0.01) than for pigs fed NC without or with other FA. Pigs fed NC and NC + FA2 had lower (P = 0.026) average daily feed intake (ADFI) than pigs fed PC and NC + FA3. Pigs fed NC + FA4 had greater (P = 0.003) G:F than pigs fed the other diets. Diets had no effect (P > 0.05) on ADG, ADFI, and G: F after first week, plasma concentration of urea and creatinine or liver and spleen weight. Pigs fed NC diets had greater (P = 0.01) jejunal mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase 1 relative to pigs fed PC or NC plus FA. Jejunal histomorphology and mRNA expression of nutrient transporters, inflammatory cytokines, and tight junction proteins and ceca digesta concentration of short-chain fatty acids were not affected (P > 0.05) by the diet. In exp. 2, 24 barrows (BW 10.2 ± 0.3 kg) were individually placed in metabolism crates and allocated to four diets: PC, NC, NC + FA3, and NC + FA4 (n = 6) containing TiO2 as digestibility marker. Pigs were adjusted to diets for 5 d, followed by a 2-d grab fecal sample collection. Pigs fed PC and NC + FA4 diets had higher ATTD of dry matter, gross energy, and crude protein than NC fed pigs. The FA3 was intermediate in digestibility response. In conclusion, FA containing sequestering component plus fungal extract or SMB in DON-contaminated feed resulted in commensurate nursery pig performance to PC. The tested FA mitigated intestinal oxidative stress through decreased expression of genes for superoxide dismutase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice W Mwaniki
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Quincy R Buis
- Wallenstein Feed & Supply Ltd., Wallenstein, ON, Canada
| | - David Trott
- Wallenstein Feed & Supply Ltd., Wallenstein, ON, Canada
| | - Lee-Anne Huber
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Elijah G Kiarie
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Wang Y, Li M, Tell LA, Baynes RE, Davis JL, Vickroy TW, Riviere JE, Lin Z. Physiological parameter values for physiologically based pharmacokinetic models in food-producing animals. Part II: Chicken and turkey. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2020; 44:423-455. [PMID: 33289178 PMCID: PMC8359335 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are growing in popularity due to human food safety concerns and for estimating drug residue distribution and estimating withdrawal intervals for veterinary products originating from livestock species. This paper focuses on the physiological and anatomical data, including cardiac output, organ weight, and blood flow values, needed for PBPK modeling applications for avian species commonly consumed in the poultry market. Experimental and field studies from 1940 to 2019 for broiler chickens (1-70 days old, 40 g - 3.2 kg), laying hens (4-15 months old, 1.1-2.0 kg), and turkeys (1 day-14 months old, 60 g -12.7 kg) were searched systematically using PubMed, Google Scholar, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect for data collection in 2019 and 2020. Relevant data were extracted from the literature with mean and standard deviation (SD) being calculated and compiled in tables of relative organ weights (% of body weight) and relative blood flows (% of cardiac output). Trends of organ or tissue weight growth during different life stages were calculated when sufficient data were available. These compiled data sets facilitate future PBPK model development and applications, especially in estimating chemical residue concentrations in edible tissues to calculate food safety withdrawal intervals for poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Shin Wang
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | - Miao Li
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
| | - Lisa A. Tell
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California‐DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Ronald E. Baynes
- Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Jennifer L. Davis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and PathobiologyVirginia‐Maryland College of Veterinary MedicineBlacksburgVAUSA
| | - Thomas W. Vickroy
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Jim E. Riviere
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
- Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Zhoumeng Lin
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA
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Yang M, Wu X, Zhang W, Ye P, Wang Y, Zhu W, Tao Q, Xu Y, Shang J, Zhao D, Ding Y, Yin Z, Zhang X. Transcriptional analysis of deoxynivalenol-induced apoptosis of sow ovarian granulosa cell. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:217-228. [PMID: 31869480 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Litter size is one of the most important economic traits in pig production. Recent studies identified that deoxynivalenol (DON), a widespread toxin in fodder, was associated with animal prolificacy. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been completely elucidated. Here, we used porcine ovary granulosa cells (pGCs) as a vector to establish DON concentration-time models and performed cell morphology and transcriptome analysis to identify and analyse the effects of DON on reproductive performance in swine. The results showed that DON can induce morphological changes and apoptosis of pGCs, while inhibiting cell proliferation. Moreover, these effects of DON on pGCs were dose-dependent. After treatment of pGCs with different concentrations of DON, the percentage of cells in S phase and G2/M phase increased. RNA-seq analyses revealed 5,937 differentially expressed genes, of which 1995 were down-regulated and 3,942 were up-regulated after DON treatment. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated important metabolic pathways such as IL-17 signalling pathway, eukaryotic ribosome synthesis pathway, RNA transport pathway and RNA degradation. Based on our results, we speculate that the effects of DON are related to the DNA damage process. Our study provides novel insights and a foundation to further understand the effect of DON on swine prolificacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xudong Wu
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Pengfei Ye
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanlang Wang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Weihua Zhu
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiangqiang Tao
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yiliang Xu
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinnan Shang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Dongdong Zhao
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yueyun Ding
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zongjun Yin
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Abstract
Abstract
Although mycotoxins occur worldwide and represent a global public health threat, their prevalence and quantities in food and feed may vary due to geographic and climatic differences. Also, in accordance with climate change, outside temperatures that are anticipated to rise and rainfall patterns modify the usual mycotoxicological scheme transforms and unexpectedly extreme events happen in practice more often. Such weather conditions increase fungal occurrence and mycotoxin concentrations in crops. Consequently, the risk to human and animal health grows, and strategies to alleviate adverse effects become more complex. This also elevates economic losses. Therefore, the task of mycotoxin prediction has been put in front of the multidisciplinary scientific community recently, and a targeted prevention has become more important. This paper is a review of the latest achievements in this field prepared with the aim to summarize and integrate available data.
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