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Mim JJ, Hasan M, Chowdhury MS, Ghosh J, Mobarak MH, Khanom F, Hossain N. A comprehensive review on the biomedical frontiers of nanowire applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29244. [PMID: 38628721 PMCID: PMC11016983 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review examines the immense capacity of nanowires, nanostructures characterized by unbounded dimensions, to profoundly transform the field of biomedicine. Nanowires, which are created by combining several materials using techniques such as electrospinning and vapor deposition, possess distinct mechanical, optical, and electrical properties. As a result, they are well-suited for use in nanoscale electronic devices, drug delivery systems, chemical sensors, and other applications. The utilization of techniques such as the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) approach and template-assisted approaches enables the achievement of precision in synthesis. This precision allows for the customization of characteristics, which in turn enables the capability of intracellular sensing and accurate drug administration. Nanowires exhibit potential in biomedical imaging, neural interfacing, and tissue engineering, despite obstacles related to biocompatibility and scalable manufacturing. They possess multifunctional capabilities that have the potential to greatly influence the intersection of nanotechnology and healthcare. Surmounting present obstacles has the potential to unleash the complete capabilities of nanowires, leading to significant improvements in diagnostics, biosensing, regenerative medicine, and next-generation point-of-care medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Jannat Mim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shakil Chowdhury
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Jubaraz Ghosh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hosne Mobarak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Khanom
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Nayem Hossain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
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Ahmad W, Saleh B, Qazi REM, Muneer R, Khan I, Khan M, Salim A. Direct differentiation of rat skin fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes. Exp Cell Res 2024; 435:113934. [PMID: 38237847 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.113934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the major cardiovascular diseases caused by diminished supply of nutrients and oxygen to the heart due to obstruction of the coronary artery. Different treatment options are available for cardiac diseases, however, they do not completely repair the damage. Therefore, reprogramming terminally differentiated fibroblasts using transcription factors is a promising strategy to differentiate them into cardiac like cells in vitro and to increase functional cardiomyocytes and reduce fibrotic scar in vivo. In this study, skin fibroblasts were selected for reprogramming because they serve as a convenient source for the autologous cell therapy. Fibroblasts were isolated from skin of rat pups, propagated, and directly reprogrammed towards cardiac lineage. For reprogramming, two different approaches were adopted, i.e., cells were transfected with: (1) combination of cardiac transcription factors; GATA4, MEF2c, Nkx2.5 (GMN), and (2) combination of cardiac transcription factors; GATA4, MEF2c, Nkx2.5, and iPSC factors; Oct4, Klf4, Sox2 and cMyc (GMNO). After 72 h of transfection, cells were analyzed for the expression of cardiac markers at the mRNA and protein levels. For in vivo study, rat MI models were developed by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery and the reprogrammed cells were transplanted in the infarcted heart. qPCR results showed that the reprogrammed cells exhibited significant upregulation of cardiac genes. Immunocytochemistry analysis further confirmed cardiomyogenic differentiation of the reprogrammed cells. For the assessment of cardiac function, animals were analyzed via echocardiography after 2 and 4 weeks of cell transplantation. Echocardiographic results showed that the hearts transplanted with the reprogrammed cells improved ejection fraction, fractional shortening, left ventricular internal systolic and diastolic dimensions, and end systolic and diastolic volumes. After 4 weeks of cell transplantation, heart tissues were harvested and processed for histology. The histological analysis showed that the reprogrammed cells improved wall thickness of left ventricle and reduced fibrosis significantly as compared to the control. It is concluded from the study that novel combination of cardiac transcription factors directly reprogrammed skin fibroblasts and differentiated them into cardiomyocytes. These differentiated cells showed cardiomyogenic characters in vitro, and reduced fibrosis and improved cardiac function in vivo. Furthermore, direct reprogramming of fibroblasts transfected with cardiac transcription factors showed better regeneration of the injured myocardium and improved cardiac function as compared to the indirect approach in which combination of cardiac and iPSC factors were used. The study after further optimization could be used as a better strategy for cell-based therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Ahmad
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Saleh
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Rida-E-Maria Qazi
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Rabbia Muneer
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Khan
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Asmat Salim
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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Shafi O, Siddiqui G, Jaffry HA. The benign nature and rare occurrence of cardiac myxoma as a possible consequence of the limited cardiac proliferative/ regenerative potential: a systematic review. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1245. [PMID: 38110859 PMCID: PMC10726542 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac Myxoma is a primary tumor of heart. Its origins, rarity of the occurrence of primary cardiac tumors and how it may be related to limited cardiac regenerative potential, are not yet entirely known. This study investigates the key cardiac genes/ transcription factors (TFs) and signaling pathways to understand these important questions. METHODS Databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar were searched for published articles without any date restrictions, involving cardiac myxoma, cardiac genes/TFs/signaling pathways and their roles in cardiogenesis, proliferation, differentiation, key interactions and tumorigenesis, with focus on cardiomyocytes. RESULTS The cardiac genetic landscape is governed by a very tight control between proliferation and differentiation-related genes/TFs/pathways. Cardiac myxoma originates possibly as a consequence of dysregulations in the gene expression of differentiation regulators including Tbx5, GATA4, HAND1/2, MYOCD, HOPX, BMPs. Such dysregulations switch the expression of cardiomyocytes into progenitor-like state in cardiac myxoma development by dysregulating Isl1, Baf60 complex, Wnt, FGF, Notch, Mef2c and others. The Nkx2-5 and MSX2 contribute predominantly to both proliferation and differentiation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells (CPCs), may possibly serve roles based on the microenvironment and the direction of cell circuitry in cardiac tumorigenesis. The Nkx2-5 in cardiac myxoma may serve to limit progression of tumorigenesis as it has massive control over the proliferation of CPCs. The cardiac cell type-specific genetic programming plays governing role in controlling the tumorigenesis and regenerative potential. CONCLUSION The cardiomyocytes have very limited proliferative and regenerative potential. They survive for long periods of time and tightly maintain the gene expression of differentiation genes such as Tbx5, GATA4 that interact with tumor suppressors (TS) and exert TS like effect. The total effect such gene expression exerts is responsible for the rare occurrence and benign nature of primary cardiac tumors. This prevents the progression of tumorigenesis. But this also limits the regenerative and proliferative potential of cardiomyocytes. Cardiac Myxoma develops as a consequence of dysregulations in these key genes which revert the cells towards progenitor-like state, hallmark of CM. The CM development in carney complex also signifies the role of TS in cardiac cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovais Shafi
- Sindh Medical College - Jinnah Sindh Medical University / Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Ghazia Siddiqui
- Sindh Medical College - Jinnah Sindh Medical University / Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hassam A Jaffry
- Sindh Medical College - Jinnah Sindh Medical University / Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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Vetter VC, Bouten CVC, van der Pol A. Hydrogels for Cardiac Restorative Support: Relevance of Gelation Mechanisms for Prospective Clinical Use. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2023; 20:519-529. [PMID: 37812347 PMCID: PMC10746579 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-023-00630-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiac tissue regenerative strategies have gained much traction over the years, in particular those utilizing hydrogels. With our review, and with special focus on supporting post-myocardial infarcted tissue, we aim to provide insights in determining crucial design considerations of a hydrogel and the implications these could have for future clinical use. RECENT FINDINGS To date, two hydrogel delivery strategies are being explored, cardiac injection or patch, to treat myocardial infarction. Recent advances have demonstrated that the mechanism by which a hydrogel is gelated (i.e., physically or chemically cross-linked) not only impacts the biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and chemical structure, but also the route of delivery of the hydrogel and thus its effect on cardiac repair. With regard to cardiac regeneration, various hydrogels have been developed with the ability to function as a delivery system for therapeutic strategies (e.g., drug and stem cells treatments), as well as a scaffold to guide cardiac tissue regeneration following myocardial infarction. However, these developments remain within the experimental and pre-clinical realm and have yet to transition towards the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine C Vetter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn V C Bouten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Atze van der Pol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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Dai Y, Qiao K, Li D, Isingizwe P, Liu H, Liu Y, Lim K, Woodfield T, Liu G, Hu J, Yuan J, Tang J, Cui X. Plant-Derived Biomaterials and Their Potential in Cardiac Tissue Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202827. [PMID: 36977522 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The inability of cardiac tissue to regenerate after an infarction results in scar tissue formation, leading to cardiac dysfunction. Therefore, cardiac repair has always been a popular research topic. Recent advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine offer promising solutions combining stem cells and biomaterials to construct tissue substitutes that could have functions similar to healthy cardiac tissue. Among these biomaterials, plant-derived biomaterials show great promise in supporting cell growth due to their inherent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical stability. More importantly, plant-derived materials have reduced immunogenic properties compared to popular animal-derived materials (e.g., collagen and gelatin). In addition, they also offer improved wettability compared to synthetic materials. To date, limited literature is available to systemically summarize the progression of plant-derived biomaterials in cardiac tissue repair. Herein, this paper highlights the most common plant-derived biomaterials from both land and marine plants. The beneficial properties of these materials for tissue repair are further discussed. More importantly, the applications of plant-derived biomaterials in cardiac tissue engineering, including tissue-engineered scaffolds, bioink in 3D biofabrication, delivery vehicles, and bioactive molecules, are also summarized using the latest preclinical and clinical examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Dai
- Cardiac and Osteochondral Tissue Engineering (COTE) Group, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 51817, China
| | - Kai Qiao
- Cardiac and Osteochondral Tissue Engineering (COTE) Group, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 51817, China
| | - Demin Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Phocas Isingizwe
- Cardiac and Osteochondral Tissue Engineering (COTE) Group, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 51817, China
| | - Haohao Liu
- Cardiac and Osteochondral Tissue Engineering (COTE) Group, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 51817, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Cardiac and Osteochondral Tissue Engineering (COTE) Group, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 51817, China
| | - Khoon Lim
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Tim Woodfield
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Guozhen Liu
- Cardiac and Osteochondral Tissue Engineering (COTE) Group, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 51817, China
| | - Jinming Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230052, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518001, China
| | - Junnan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- Cardiac and Osteochondral Tissue Engineering (COTE) Group, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 51817, China
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
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Smith S, Ascione R. Targeting neuro-immune systems to achieve cardiac tissue repair following myocardial infarction: A review of therapeutic approaches from in-vivo preclinical to clinical studies. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 245:108397. [PMID: 36996910 PMCID: PMC7616359 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial healing following myocardial infarction (MI) toward either functional tissue repair or excessive scarring/heart failure, may depend on a complex interplay between nervous and immune system responses, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury factors, as well as genetic and epidemiological factors. Hence, enhancing cardiac repair post MI may require a more patient-specific approach targeting this complex interplay and not just the heart, bearing in mind that the dysregulation or modulation of just one of these systems or some of their mechanisms may determine the outcome either toward functional repair or toward heart failure. In this review we have elected to focus on existing preclinical and clinical in-vivo studies aimed at testing novel therapeutic approaches targeting the nervous and immune systems to trigger myocardial healing toward functional tissue repair. To this end, we have only selected clinical and preclinical in-vivo studies reporting on novel treatments targeting neuro-immune systems to ultimately treat MI. Next, we have grouped and reported treatments under each neuro-immune system. Finally, for each treatment we have assessed and reported the results of each clinical/preclinical study and then discussed their results collectively. This structured approach has been followed for each treatment discussed. To keep this review focused, we have deliberately omitted to cover other important and related research areas such as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, cell and gene therapies as well as any ex-vivo and in-vitro studies. The review indicates that some of the treatments targeting the neuro-immune/inflammatory systems appear to induce beneficial effects remotely on the healing heart post MI, warranting further validation. These remote effects on the heart also indicates the presence of an overarching synergic response occurring across the nervous and immune systems in response to acute MI, which appear to influence cardiac tissue repair in different ways depending on age and timing of treatment delivery following MI. The cumulative evidence arising from this review allows also to make informed considerations on safe as opposed to detrimental treatments, and within the safe treatments to ascertain those associated with conflicting or supporting preclinical data, and those warranting further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Smith
- Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Raimondo Ascione
- Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Azizidoost S, Farzaneh M. MicroRNAs as a Novel Player for Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Cardiomyocytes. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 18:27-34. [PMID: 35466882 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220422094150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is defined as a class of disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels. Cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells play important roles in cardiac regeneration and heart repair. However, the proliferating capacity of cardiomyocytes is limited. To overcome this issue, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as an alternative strategy for CVD therapy. MSCs can proliferate and differentiate (or trans-differentiate) into cardiomyocytes. Several in vitro and in vivo differentiation protocols have been used to obtain MSCs-derived cardiomyocytes. It was recently investigated that microRNAs (miRNAs) by targeting several signaling pathways, including STAT3, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and TBX5, play a crucial role in regulating cardiomyocytes' differentiation of MSCs. In this review, we focused on the role of miRNAs in the differentiation of MSCs into cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Azizidoost
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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8
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Marzoog BA. Transcription Factors - the Essence of Heart Regeneration: A Potential Novel Therapeutic Strategy. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:232-238. [PMID: 35170408 DOI: 10.2174/1566524022666220216123650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial cell injury and following sequelae are the primary reasons for death globally. Unfortunately, myocardiocytes in adults have limited regeneration capacity. Therefore, the generation of neo myocardiocytes from non-myocardial cells is a surrogate strategy. Transcription factors (TFs) can be recruited to achieve this tremendous goal. Transcriptomic analyses have suggested that GATA, Mef2c, and Tbx5 (GMT cocktail) are master TFs to transdifferentiate/reprogram cell linage of fibroblasts, somatic cells, mesodermal cells into myocardiocytes. However, adding MESP1, MYOCD, ESRRG, and ZFPM2 TFs induces the generation of more efficient and physiomorphological features for induced myocardiocytes. Moreover, the same cocktail of transcription factors can induce the proliferation and differentiation of induced/pluripotent stem cells into myocardial cells. Amelioration of impaired myocardial cells involves the activation of healing transcription factors, which are induced by inflammation mediators; IL6, tumor growth factor β, and IL22. Transcription factors regulate the cellular and subcellular physiology of myocardiocytes to include mitotic cell cycling regulation, karyokinesis and cytokinesis, hypertrophic growth, adult sarcomeric contractile protein gene expression, fatty acid metabolism, and mitochondrial biogenesis and maturation. Cell therapy by transcription factors can be applied to cardiogenesis and ameliorating impaired cardiocytes. Transcription factors are the cornerstone in cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basheer Abdullah Marzoog
- Department of Normal and Pathological Physiology, National Research Mordovia State University, Bolshevitskaya Street, 68, Saransk, Rep. Mordovia, 430005, Russia
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Leowattana W, Leowattana T, Leowattana P. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-atrial-specific cardiomyocytes and atrial fibrillation. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:9588-9601. [PMID: 36186184 PMCID: PMC9516943 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i27.9588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-specific human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived atrial cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-aCMs) may be produced, genome-edited, and differentiated into multiple cell types for regenerative medicine, disease modeling, drug testing, toxicity screening, and three-dimensional tissue fabrication. There is presently no complete model of atrial fibrillation (AF) available for studying human pharmacological responses and evaluating the toxicity of potential medication candidates. It has been demonstrated that hiPSC-aCMs can replicate the electrophysiological disease phenotype and genotype of AF. The hiPSC-aCMs, however, are immature and do not reflect the maturity of aCMs in the native myocardium. Numerous laboratories utilize a variety of methodologies and procedures to improve and promote aCM maturation, including electrical stimulation, culture duration, biophysical signals, and changes in metabolic variables. This review covers the current methods being explored for use in the maturation of patient-specific hiPSC-aCMs and their application towards a personalized approach to the pharmacologic therapy of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wattana Leowattana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Tawithep Leowattana
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Pathomthep Leowattana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Csöbönyeiová M, Beerová N, Klein M, Debreová-Čeháková M, Danišovič Ľ. Cell-Based and Selected Cell-Free Therapies for Myocardial Infarction: How Do They Compare to the Current Treatment Options? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10314. [PMID: 36142245 PMCID: PMC9499607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of cardiomyocyte death or dysfunction frequently caused by myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in modern society. Paradoxically, only limited and non-curative therapies for heart failure or MI are currently available. As a result, over the past two decades research has focused on developing cell-based approaches promoting the regeneration of infarcted tissue. Cell-based therapies for myocardial regeneration include powerful candidates, such as multipotent stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), bone-marrow-derived stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and hematopoietic stem cells) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). These possess unique properties, such as potency to differentiate into desired cell types, proliferation capacity, and patient specificity. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated modest improvement in the myocardial regeneration and reduced infarcted areas upon transplantation of pluripotent or multipotent stem cells. Another cell population that need to be considered as a potential source for cardiac regeneration are telocytes found in different organs, including the heart. Their therapeutic effect has been studied in various heart pathologies, such as MI, arrhythmias, or atrial amyloidosis. The most recent cell-free therapeutic tool relies on the cardioprotective effect of complex cargo carried by small membrane-bound vesicles-exosomes-released from stem cells via exocytosis. The MSC/iPSC-derived exosomes could be considered a novel exosome-based therapy for cardiovascular diseases thanks to their unique content. There are also other cell-free approaches, e.g., gene therapy, or acellular cardiac patches. Therefore, our review provides the most recent insights into the novel strategies for myocardial repair based on the regenerative potential of different cell types and cell-free approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Csöbönyeiová
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nábrežie I. Krasku 4, 921 12 Piešťany, Slovakia
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Nikoleta Beerová
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Klein
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nábrežie I. Krasku 4, 921 12 Piešťany, Slovakia
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Debreová-Čeháková
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nábrežie I. Krasku 4, 921 12 Piešťany, Slovakia
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľuboš Danišovič
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nábrežie I. Krasku 4, 921 12 Piešťany, Slovakia
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Purnama U, Castro-Guarda M, Sahoo OS, Carr CA. Modelling Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Using Human Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes to Complement Animal Models. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090832. [PMID: 36144236 PMCID: PMC9503602 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a global epidemic, with cardiovascular disease being the leading cause of death in diabetic patients. There is a pressing need for an in vitro model to aid understanding of the mechanisms driving diabetic heart disease, and to provide an accurate, reliable tool for drug testing. Human induced-pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have potential as a disease modelling tool. There are several factors that drive molecular changes inside cardiomyocytes contributing to diabetic cardiomyopathy, including hyperglycaemia, lipotoxicity and hyperinsulinemia. Here we discuss these factors and how they can be seen in animal models and utilised in cell culture to mimic the diabetic heart. The use of human iPSC-CMs will allow for a greater understanding of disease pathogenesis and open up new avenues for drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujang Purnama
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Marcos Castro-Guarda
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Om Saswat Sahoo
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur 713216, India
| | - Carolyn A. Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1865-282247
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Zhang X, Zhang S, Wang T. How the mechanical microenvironment of stem cell growth affects their differentiation: a review. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:415. [PMID: 35964140 PMCID: PMC9375355 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell differentiation is of great interest in medical research; however, specifically and effectively regulating stem cell differentiation is still a challenge. In addition to chemical factors, physical signals are an important component of the stem cell ecotone. The mechanical microenvironment of stem cells has a huge role in stem cell differentiation. Herein, we describe the knowledge accumulated to date on the mechanical environment in which stem cells exist, which consists of various factors, including the extracellular matrix and topology, substrate stiffness, shear stress, hydrostatic pressure, tension, and microgravity. We then detail the currently known signalling pathways that stem cells use to perceive the mechanical environment, including those involving nuclear factor-kB, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, the piezoelectric mechanosensitive ion channel, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. Using this information in clinical settings to treat diseases is the goal of this research, and we describe the progress that has been made. In this review, we examined the effects of mechanical factors in the stem cell growth microenvironment on stem cell differentiation, how mechanical signals are transmitted to and function within the cell, and the influence of mechanical factors on the use of stem cells in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Sibo Zhang
- China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianlu Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China.
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13
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Maria Cherian R, Prajapati C, Penttinen K, Häkli M, Koivisto JT, Pekkanen-Mattila M, Aalto-Setälä K. Fluorescent hiPSC-derived MYH6-mScarlet cardiomyocytes for real-time tracking, imaging, and cardiotoxicity assays. Cell Biol Toxicol 2022; 39:145-163. [PMID: 35870039 PMCID: PMC10042918 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09742-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHuman induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) hold great potential in the cardiovascular field for human disease modeling, drug development, and regenerative medicine. However, multiple hurdles still exist for the effective utilization of hiPSC-CMs as a human-based experimental platform that can be an alternative to the current animal models. To further expand their potential as a research tool and bridge the translational gap, we have generated a cardiac-specific hiPSC reporter line that differentiates into fluorescent CMs using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology. The CMs illuminated with the mScarlet fluorescence enable their non-invasive continuous tracking and functional cellular phenotyping, offering a real-time 2D/3D imaging platform. Utilizing the reporter CMs, we developed an imaging-based cardiotoxicity screening system that can monitor distinct drug-induced structural toxicity and CM viability in real time. The reporter fluorescence enabled visualization of sarcomeric disarray and displayed a drug dose–dependent decrease in its fluorescence. The study also has demonstrated the reporter CMs as a biomaterial cytocompatibility analysis tool that can monitor dynamic cell behavior and maturity of hiPSC-CMs cultured in various biomaterial scaffolds. This versatile cardiac imaging tool that enables real time tracking and high-resolution imaging of CMs has significant potential in disease modeling, drug screening, and toxicology testing.
Graphical abstract
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14
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Mohr E, Thum T, Bär C. Accelerating Cardiovascular Research: Recent Advances in Translational 2D and 3D Heart Models. Eur J Heart Fail 2022; 24:1778-1791. [PMID: 35867781 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro modelling the complex (patho-) physiological conditions of the heart is a major challenge in cardiovascular research. In recent years, methods based on three-dimensional (3D) cultivation approaches have steadily evolved to overcome the major limitations of conventional adherent monolayer cultivation (2D). These 3D approaches aim to study, reproduce or modify fundamental native features of the heart such as tissue organization and cardiovascular microenvironment. Therefore, these systems have great potential for (patient-specific) disease research, for the development of new drug screening platforms, and for the use in regenerative and replacement therapy applications. Consequently, continuous improvement and adaptation is required with respect to fundamental limitations such as cardiomyocyte maturation, scalability, heterogeneity, vascularization, and reproduction of native properties. In this review, 2D monolayer culturing and the 3D in vitro systems of cardiac spheroids, organoids, engineered cardiac microtissue and bioprinting as well as the ex vivo technique of myocardial slicing are introduced with their basic concepts, advantages, and limitations. Furthermore, recent advances of various new approaches aiming to extend as well as to optimize these in vitro and ex vivo systems are presented. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mohr
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Bär
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str.1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
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15
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Gomes MR, Castelo Ferreira F, Sanjuan-Alberte P. Electrospun piezoelectric scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 137:212808. [PMID: 35929248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of smart materials in tissue engineering is becoming increasingly appealing to provide additional functionalities and control over cell fate. The stages of tissue development and regeneration often require various electrical and electromechanical cues supported by the extracellular matrix, which is often neglected in most tissue engineering approaches. Particularly, in cardiac cells, electrical signals modulate cell activity and are responsible for the maintenance of the excitation-contraction coupling. Addition of electroconductive and topographical cues improves the biomimicry of cardiac tissues and plays an important role in driving cells towards the desired phenotype. Current platforms used to apply electrical stimulation to cells in vitro often require large external equipment and wires and electrodes immersed in the culture media, limiting the scalability and applicability of this process. Piezoelectric materials represent a shift in paradigm in materials and methods aimed at providing electrical stimulation to cardiac cells since they can produce and deliver electrical signals to cells and tissues by mechanoelectrical transduction. Despite the ability of piezoelectric materials to mimic the mechanoelectrical transduction of the heart, the use of these materials is limited in cardiac tissue engineering and methods to characterise piezoelectricity are often built in-house, which poses an additional difficulty when comparing results from the literature. In this work, we aim at providing an overview of the main challenges in cardiac tissue engineering and how piezoelectric materials could offer a solution to them. A revision on the existing literature in electrospun piezoelectric materials applied to cardiac tissue engineering is performed for the first time, as electrospinning plays an important role in the manufacturing of scaffolds with enhanced piezoelectricity and extracellular matrix native-like morphology. Finally, an overview of the current techniques used to evaluate piezoelectricity and their limitations is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Ramalho Gomes
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paola Sanjuan-Alberte
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.
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17
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Taking It Personally: 3D Bioprinting a Patient-Specific Cardiac Patch for the Treatment of Heart Failure. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9030093. [PMID: 35324782 PMCID: PMC8945185 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9030093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a massive global preventative effort, heart failure remains the major cause of death globally. The number of patients requiring a heart transplant, the eventual last treatment option, far outnumbers the available donor hearts, leaving many to deteriorate or die on the transplant waiting list. Treating heart failure by transplanting a 3D bioprinted patient-specific cardiac patch to the infarcted region on the myocardium has been investigated as a potential future treatment. To date, several studies have created cardiac patches using 3D bioprinting; however, testing the concept is still at a pre-clinical stage. A handful of clinical studies have been conducted. However, moving from animal studies to human trials will require an increase in research in this area. This review covers key elements to the design of a patient-specific cardiac patch, divided into general areas of biological design and 3D modelling. It will make recommendations on incorporating anatomical considerations and high-definition motion data into the process of 3D-bioprinting a patient-specific cardiac patch.
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18
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Tajabadi M, Goran Orimi H, Ramzgouyan MR, Nemati A, Deravi N, Beheshtizadeh N, Azami M. Regenerative strategies for the consequences of myocardial infarction: Chronological indication and upcoming visions. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112584. [PMID: 34968921 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart muscle injury and an elevated troponin level signify myocardial infarction (MI), which may result in defective and uncoordinated segments, reduced cardiac output, and ultimately, death. Physicians apply thrombolytic therapy, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to recanalize and restore blood flow to the coronary arteries, albeit they were not convincingly able to solve the heart problems. Thus, researchers aim to introduce novel substitutional therapies for regenerating and functionalizing damaged cardiac tissue based on engineering concepts. Cell-based engineering approaches, utilizing biomaterials, gene, drug, growth factor delivery systems, and tissue engineering are the most leading studies in the field of heart regeneration. Also, understanding the primary cause of MI and thus selecting the most efficient treatment method can be enhanced by preparing microdevices so-called heart-on-a-chip. In this regard, microfluidic approaches can be used as diagnostic platforms or drug screening in cardiac disease treatment. Additionally, bioprinting technique with whole organ 3D printing of human heart with major vessels, cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells can be an ideal goal for cardiac tissue engineering and remarkable achievement in near future. Consequently, this review discusses the different aspects, advancements, and challenges of the mentioned methods with presenting the advantages and disadvantages, chronological indications, and application prospects of various novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Tajabadi
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran 16844, Iran
| | - Hanif Goran Orimi
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran 16844, Iran; Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Roya Ramzgouyan
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Nemati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran; Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Deravi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Beheshtizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Azami
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Li R, Walsh P, Truong V, Petersen A, Dutton JR, Hubel A. Differentiation of Human iPS Cells Into Sensory Neurons Exhibits Developmental Stage-Specific Cryopreservation Challenges. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:796960. [PMID: 34970550 PMCID: PMC8712858 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.796960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) generates cell phenotypes valuable for cell therapy and personalized medicine. Successful translation of these hiPSC-derived therapeutic products will rely upon effective cryopreservation at multiple stages of the manufacturing cycle. From the perspective of cryobiology, we attempted to understand how the challenge of cryopreservation evolves between cell phenotypes along an hiPSC-to-sensory neuron differentiation trajectory. Cells were cultivated at three different stages to represent intermediate, differentiated, and matured cell products. All cell stages remained ≥90% viable in a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-free formulation but suffered ≥50% loss in DMSO before freezing. Raman spectroscopy revealed higher sensitivity to undercooling in hiPSC-derived neuronal cells with lower membrane fluidity and higher sensitivity to suboptimal cooling rates in stem cell developmental stages with larger cell bodies. Highly viable and functional sensory neurons were obtained following DMSO-free cryopreservation. Our study also demonstrated that dissociating adherent cultures plays an important role in the ability of cells to survive and function after cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Patrick Walsh
- Anatomic Incorporated, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | | | - Ashley Petersen
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - James R. Dutton
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Allison Hubel
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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20
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Perveen S, Rossin D, Vitale E, Rosso R, Vanni R, Cristallini C, Rastaldo R, Giachino C. Therapeutic Acellular Scaffolds for Limiting Left Ventricular Remodelling-Current Status and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313054. [PMID: 34884856 PMCID: PMC8658014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of heart-related deaths worldwide. Following MI, the hypoxic microenvironment triggers apoptosis, disrupts the extracellular matrix and forms a non-functional scar that leads towards adverse left ventricular (LV) remodelling. If left untreated this eventually leads to heart failure. Besides extensive advancement in medical therapy, complete functional recovery is never accomplished, as the heart possesses limited regenerative ability. In recent decades, the focus has shifted towards tissue engineering and regenerative strategies that provide an attractive option to improve cardiac regeneration, limit adverse LV remodelling and restore function in an infarcted heart. Acellular scaffolds possess attractive features that have made them a promising therapeutic candidate. Their application in infarcted areas has been shown to improve LV remodelling and enhance functional recovery in post-MI hearts. This review will summarise the updates on acellular scaffolds developed and tested in pre-clinical and clinical scenarios in the past five years with a focus on their ability to overcome damage caused by MI. It will also describe how acellular scaffolds alone or in combination with biomolecules have been employed for MI treatment. A better understanding of acellular scaffolds potentialities may guide the development of customised and optimised therapeutic strategies for MI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Perveen
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (S.P.); (D.R.); (E.V.); (R.R.); (R.V.); (C.G.)
| | - Daniela Rossin
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (S.P.); (D.R.); (E.V.); (R.R.); (R.V.); (C.G.)
| | - Emanuela Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (S.P.); (D.R.); (E.V.); (R.R.); (R.V.); (C.G.)
| | - Rachele Rosso
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (S.P.); (D.R.); (E.V.); (R.R.); (R.V.); (C.G.)
| | - Roberto Vanni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (S.P.); (D.R.); (E.V.); (R.R.); (R.V.); (C.G.)
| | | | - Raffaella Rastaldo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (S.P.); (D.R.); (E.V.); (R.R.); (R.V.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Claudia Giachino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (S.P.); (D.R.); (E.V.); (R.R.); (R.V.); (C.G.)
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21
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Das S, Nam H, Jang J. 3D bioprinting of stem cell-laden cardiac patch: A promising alternative for myocardial repair. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:031508. [PMID: 34368602 PMCID: PMC8318604 DOI: 10.1063/5.0030353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-laden three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted cardiac patches offer an alternative and promising therapeutic and regenerative approach for ischemic cardiomyopathy by reversing scar formation and promoting myocardial regeneration. Numerous studies have reported using either multipotent or pluripotent stem cells or their combination for 3D bioprinting of a cardiac patch with the sole aim of restoring cardiac function by faithfully rejuvenating the cardiomyocytes and associated vasculatures that are lost to myocardial infarction. While many studies have demonstrated success in mimicking cardiomyocytes' behavior, improving cardiac function and providing new hope for regenerating heart post-myocardial infarction, some others have reported contradicting data in apparent ways. Nonetheless, all investigators in the field are speed racing toward determining a potential strategy to effectively treat losses due to myocardial infarction. This review discusses various types of candidate stem cells that possess cardiac regenerative potential, elucidating their applications and limitations. We also brief the challenges of and an update on the implementation of the state-of-the-art 3D bioprinting approach to fabricate cardiac patches and highlight different strategies to implement vascularization and augment cardiac functional properties with respect to electrophysiological similarities to native tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanskrita Das
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, POSTECH, 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoryung Nam
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, POSTECH, 77 Cheongam-ro, Namgu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinah Jang
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Heart failure remains a major public health concern with high burden of morbidity and mortality despite advances in pharmacotherapy, device therapy, and surgical and percutaneous techniques. Cardiac regeneration may have a role to play in these patients with a huge unmet need for these therapies in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease, post-infarct heart failure, dilated cardiomyopathy, and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. RECENT FINDINGS In this review, we focus on the pre-clinical and translational basis for different modes of cardiac regenerative medicine and then critically appraise the clinical evidence amassed from pivotal clinical trials focused on cardiac regeneration for ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathies. Cardiac regenerative medicine is rapidly evolving with novel approaches involving cell-based, cell-free, tissue engineering, and hybrid therapies to achieve myocardial regeneration and repair. Further studies are warranted with a robust comparison arm with optimal contemporary medical therapy to translate regenerative therapies to a clinical reality.
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23
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Boye C, Arpag S, Burcus N, Lundberg C, DeClemente S, Heller R, Francis M, Bulysheva A. Cardioporation enhances myocardial gene expression in rat heart. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 142:107892. [PMID: 34371349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Damage from myocardial infarction (MI) and subsequent heart failure are serious public health concerns. Current clinical treatments and therapies to treat MI damage largely do not address the regeneration of cardiomyocytes. In a previous study, we established that it is possible to promote regeneration of cardiac muscle with vascular endothelial growth factor B gene delivery directly to the ischemic myocardium. In the current study we aim to optimize cardioporation parameters to increase expression efficiency by varying electrode configuration, applied voltage, pulse length, and plasmid vector size. By using a surface monopolar electrode, optimized pulsing conditions and reducing vector size, we were able to prevent ventricular fibrillation, increase survival, reduce tissue damage, and significantly increase gene expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Boye
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Sezgi Arpag
- LifeNet Health, Virginia Beach, VA, United States
| | - Nina Burcus
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Cathryn Lundberg
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Scott DeClemente
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Richard Heller
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | | | - Anna Bulysheva
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, United States
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Kahn-Krell A, Pretorius D, Ou J, Fast VG, Litovsky S, Berry J, Liu X(M, Zhang J. Bioreactor Suspension Culture: Differentiation and Production of Cardiomyocyte Spheroids From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:674260. [PMID: 34178964 PMCID: PMC8226172 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.674260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced-pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be efficiently differentiated into cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) via the GiWi method, which uses small-molecule inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) and tankyrase to first activate and then suppress Wnt signaling. However, this method is typically conducted in 6-well culture plates with two-dimensional (2D) cell sheets, and consequently, cannot be easily scaled to produce the large numbers of hiPSC-CMs needed for clinical applications. Cell suspensions are more suitable than 2D systems for commercial biomanufacturing, and suspended hiPSCs form free-floating aggregates (i.e., spheroids) that can also be differentiated into hiPSC-CMs. Here, we introduce a protocol for differentiating suspensions of hiPSC spheroids into cardiomyocytes that is based on the GiWi method. After optimization based on cardiac troponin T staining, the purity of hiPSC-CMs differentiated via our novel protocol exceeded 98% with yields of about 1.5 million hiPSC-CMs/mL and less between-batch purity variability than hiPSC-CMs produced in 2D cultures; furthermore, the culture volume could be increased ∼10-fold to 30 mL with no need for re-optimization, which suggests that this method can serve as a framework for large-scale hiPSC-CM production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher Kahn-Krell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Danielle Pretorius
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jianfa Ou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Vladimir G. Fast
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Silvio Litovsky
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Joel Berry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Xiaoguang (Margaret) Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Medicine/Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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25
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Rheault-Henry M, White I, Grover D, Atoui R. Stem cell therapy for heart failure: Medical breakthrough, or dead end? World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:236-259. [PMID: 33959217 PMCID: PMC8080540 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i4.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure continues to be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Myocardial infarction is the primary causative agent of chronic heart failure resulting in cardiomyocyte necrosis and the subsequent formation of fibrotic scar tissue. Current pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies focus on managing symptoms of heart failure yet remain unable to reverse the underlying pathology. Heart transplantation usually cannot be relied on, as there is a major discrepancy between the availability of donors and recipients. As a result, heart failure carries a poor prognosis and high mortality rate. As the heart lacks significant endogenous regeneration potential, novel therapeutic approaches have incorporated the use of stem cells as a vehicle to treat heart failure as they possess the ability to self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell lineages and tissues. This review will discuss past, present, and future clinical trials, factors that influence stem cell therapy outcomes as well as ethical and safety considerations. Preclinical and clinical studies have shown a wide spectrum of outcomes when applying stem cells to improve cardiac function. This may reflect the infancy of clinical trials and the limited knowledge on the optimal cell type, dosing, route of administration, patient parameters and other important variables that contribute to successful stem cell therapy. Nonetheless, the field of stem cell therapeutics continues to advance at an unprecedented pace. We remain cautiously optimistic that stem cells will play a role in heart failure management in years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian White
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury P3E 2C6, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diya Grover
- Ross University School of Medicine, St. Michael BB11093, Barbados
| | - Rony Atoui
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Health Sciences North, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury P3E 3Y9, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Agarwal T, Fortunato GM, Hann SY, Ayan B, Vajanthri KY, Presutti D, Cui H, Chan AHP, Costantini M, Onesto V, Di Natale C, Huang NF, Makvandi P, Shabani M, Maiti TK, Zhang LG, De Maria C. Recent advances in bioprinting technologies for engineering cardiac tissue. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 124:112057. [PMID: 33947551 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Annually increasing incidence of cardiac-related disorders and cardiac tissue's minimal regenerative capacity have motivated the researchers to explore effective therapeutic strategies. In the recent years, bioprinting technologies have witnessed a great wave of enthusiasm and have undergone steady advancements over a short period, opening the possibilities for recreating engineered functional cardiac tissue models for regenerative and diagnostic applications. With this perspective, the current review delineates recent developments in the sphere of engineered cardiac tissue fabrication, using traditional and advanced bioprinting strategies. The review also highlights different printing ink formulations, available cellular opportunities, and aspects of personalized medicines in the context of cardiac tissue engineering and bioprinting. On a concluding note, current challenges and prospects for further advancements are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Gabriele Maria Fortunato
- Research Center "E. Piaggio" and Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sung Yun Hann
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Bugra Ayan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kiran Yellappa Vajanthri
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Dario Presutti
- Institute of Physical Chemistry - Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Haitao Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Alex H P Chan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marco Costantini
- Institute of Physical Chemistry - Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Valentina Onesto
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Concetta Di Natale
- Center for Advanced Biomaterial for Health Care (CABHC), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy; Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, P.leTecchio 80, Naples 80125, Italy
| | - Ngan F Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Center for Materials Interface, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pontedera 56025, Pisa, Italy
| | - Majid Shabani
- Center for Materials Interface, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Pontedera 56025, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tapas Kumar Maiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India.
| | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| | - Carmelo De Maria
- Research Center "E. Piaggio" and Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
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27
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Madeddu P. Cell therapy for the treatment of heart disease: Renovation work on the broken heart is still in progress. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 164:206-222. [PMID: 33421587 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be the number one killer in the aging population. Heart failure (HF) is also an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Novel therapeutic approaches that could restore stable heart function are much needed in both paediatric and adult patients. Regenerative medicine holds promises to provide definitive solutions for correction of congenital and acquired cardiac defects. In this review article, we recap some important aspects of cardiovascular cell therapy. First, we report quantifiable data regarding the scientific advancements in the field and how this has been translated into tangible outcomes according clinical studies and related meta-analyses. We then comment on emerging trends and technologies, such as the use of second-generation cell products, including pericyte-like vascular progenitors, and reprogramming of cells by different approaches including modulation of oxidative stress. The more affordable and feasible strategy of repurposing clinically available drugs to awaken the intrinsic healing potential of the heart will be discussed in the light of current social, financial, and ethical context. Cell therapy remains a work in progress field. Uncertainty in the ability of the experts and policy makers to solve urgent medical problems is growing in a world that is significantly influenced by them. This is particularly true in the field of regenerative medicine, due to great public expectations, polarization of leadership and funding, and insufficient translational vision. Cardiovascular regenerative medicine should be contextualized in a holistic program with defined priorities to allow a complete realization. Reshaping the notion of medical expertise is fundamental to fill the current gap in translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Madeddu
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Upper Maudlin Street, BS28HW, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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28
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Recent progress in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived 3D cultures for cardiac regeneration. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 384:231-240. [PMID: 33544212 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03414-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the world due to the high incidence of the diseases coupled with the limited therapeutic options. In recent years, advances in regenerative medicine have emerged as a promising treatment. Differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into cardiac cells and emerging technologies allowing arrangement of cells into complex 3D tissue-like structures open new frontiers for transplantation and engraftment of these tissue patches onto the damaged heart. Despite the cells integrating and presenting initial neovascularization, the functional and electric properties of these patches are still not comparable with those of the host cardiac tissue. Future research optimizing maturation and integration of the iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes is paramount for cardiac cell therapy to attain clinical use. Herein, we will review the state of the art and the different approaches to constructing these 3D transplantable structures.
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29
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Lan H, Xue Q, Liu Y, Jin K, Fang X, Shao H. The emerging therapeutic role of mesenchymal stem cells in anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 384:1-12. [PMID: 33433685 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03364-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based tissue regeneration therapy has been extensively investigated for cardiac regeneration over the past two decades. Numerous animal and clinical investigations demonstrated the efficacy of various types of MSCs towards myocardial protection and restoration against anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC). It has been established that local or systemic administration of MSCs considerably improved the cardiac function, while ameliorating inflammatory responses and myocardial fibrosis. Several factors influence the outcomes of MSC treatment for AIC, including MSC types, dosages, and routes and duration of administration. In this review, we discuss the recent (from 2015 to 2020) experimental and clinical research on the preventive and regeneration efficacy of different types of MSCs (with or without supporting agents) against AIC, as well as the key factors responsible for MSC-mediated cardiac repair. In addition, challenges and future perspectives of MSC-based cardiac regeneration therapy are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanrong Lan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyao Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ketao Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingliang Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University (Shaoxing Municipal Hospital), Shaoxing, 312000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Shao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Zhang Y. Manufacture of complex heart tissues: technological advancements and future directions. AIMS BIOENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3934/bioeng.2021008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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31
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Cardiac Regenerative Therapy in Diabetes: Challenges and Potential Therapeutics. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77052-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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32
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Mousavi A, Vahdat S, Baheiraei N, Razavi M, Norahan MH, Baharvand H. Multifunctional Conductive Biomaterials as Promising Platforms for Cardiac Tissue Engineering. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 7:55-82. [PMID: 33320525 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adult cardiomyocytes are terminally differentiated cells that result in minimal intrinsic potential for the heart to self-regenerate. The introduction of novel approaches in cardiac tissue engineering aims to repair damages from cardiovascular diseases. Recently, conductive biomaterials such as carbon- and gold-based nanomaterials, conductive polymers, and ceramics that have outstanding electrical conductivity, acceptable mechanical properties, and promoted cell-cell signaling transduction have attracted attention for use in cardiac tissue engineering. Nevertheless, comprehensive classification of conductive biomaterials from the perspective of cardiac cell function is a subject for discussion. In the present review, we classify and summarize the unique properties of conductive biomaterials considered beneficial for cardiac tissue engineering. We attempt to cover recent advances in conductive biomaterials with a particular focus on their effects on cardiac cell functions and proposed mechanisms of action. Finally, current problems, limitations, challenges, and suggested solutions for applications of these biomaterials are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mousavi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadaf Vahdat
- Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences Division, Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14117-13116 Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, 1665659911 Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Baheiraei
- Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences Division, Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 14117-13116 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Razavi
- Biionix (Bionic Materials, Implants & Interfaces) Cluster, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Mohammad Hadi Norahan
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Department of Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, NL, México
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, 1665659911 Tehran, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
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33
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Cardiac Stem Cell-Loaded Delivery Systems: A New Challenge for Myocardial Tissue Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207701. [PMID: 33080988 PMCID: PMC7589970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death in Western countries. Post-myocardial infarction heart failure can be considered a degenerative disease where myocyte loss outweighs any regenerative potential. In this scenario, regenerative biology and tissue engineering can provide effective solutions to repair the infarcted failing heart. The main strategies involve the use of stem and progenitor cells to regenerate/repair lost and dysfunctional tissue, administrated as a suspension or encapsulated in specific delivery systems. Several studies demonstrated that effectiveness of direct injection of cardiac stem cells (CSCs) is limited in humans by the hostile cardiac microenvironment and poor cell engraftment; therefore, the use of injectable hydrogel or pre-formed patches have been strongly advocated to obtain a better integration between delivered stem cells and host myocardial tissue. Several approaches were used to refine these types of constructs, trying to obtain an optimized functional scaffold. Despite the promising features of these stem cells’ delivery systems, few have reached the clinical practice. In this review, we summarize the advantages, and the novelty but also the current limitations of engineered patches and injectable hydrogels for tissue regenerative purposes, offering a perspective of how we believe tissue engineering should evolve to obtain the optimal delivery system applicable to the everyday clinical scenario.
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34
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Murata K, Ikegawa M, Minatoya K, Masumoto H. Strategies for immune regulation in iPS cell-based cardiac regenerative medicine. Inflamm Regen 2020; 40:36. [PMID: 33005258 PMCID: PMC7523082 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-020-00145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac regenerative therapy is expected to be a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of severe cardiovascular diseases. Artificial tissues or organoids made from cardiovascular cell lineages differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are expected to regenerate the damaged heart. Even though immune rejection rarely occurs when iPSC-derived graft and the recipient have the same HLA type, in some cases, such as tissue transplantation onto hearts, the HLA matching would not be sufficient to fully control immune rejection. The present review introduces recent immunomodulatory strategies in iPSC-based transplantation therapies other than MHC matching including the induction of immune tolerance through iPSC-derived antigen-presenting cells, simultaneous transplantation of syngeneic mesenchymal stem cells, and using the universal donor cells such as gene editing-based HLA modulation in iPSCs to regulate T cell compatibility. In addition, we present future perspectives for proper adjustment of immunosuppression therapy after iPSC-derived tissue/organoid-based cardiac regenerative therapies by identifying biomarkers monitoring immune rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozue Murata
- Clinical Translational Research Program, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 Japan.,Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaya Ikegawa
- Department of Life and Medical Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Minatoya
- Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Masumoto
- Clinical Translational Research Program, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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35
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Crasto S, My I, Di Pasquale E. The Broad Spectrum of LMNA Cardiac Diseases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Phenotype. Front Physiol 2020; 11:761. [PMID: 32719615 PMCID: PMC7349320 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of Lamin A/C gene (LMNA) cause laminopathies, a group of disorders associated with a wide spectrum of clinically distinct phenotypes, affecting different tissues and organs. Heart involvement is frequent and leads to cardiolaminopathy LMNA-dependent cardiomyopathy (LMNA-CMP), a form of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) typically associated with conduction disorders and arrhythmias, that can manifest either as an isolated event or as part of a multisystem phenotype. Despite the recent clinical and molecular developments in the field, there is still lack of knowledge linking specific LMNA gene mutations to the distinct clinical manifestations. Indeed, the severity and progression of the disease have marked interindividual variability, even amongst members of the same family. Studies conducted so far have described Lamin A/C proteins involved in diverse biological processes, that span from a structural role in the nucleus to the regulation of response to mechanical stress and gene expression, proposing various mechanistic hypotheses. However, none of those is per se able to fully justify functional and clinical phenotypes of LMNA-CMP; therefore, the role of Lamin A/C in cardiac pathophysiology still represents an open question. In this review we provide an update on the state-of-the-art studies on cardiolaminopathy, in the attempt to draw a line connecting molecular mechanisms to clinical manifestations. While investigators in this field still wonder about a clear genotype/phenotype correlation in LMNA-CMP, our intent here is to recapitulate common mechanistic hypotheses that link different mutations to similar clinical presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Crasto
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.,Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB) - UOS of Milan, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria My
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Elisa Di Pasquale
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.,Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB) - UOS of Milan, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
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