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Medrano-Arranz C, Rincón S, Zurita L, Ponz F, Truchado DA. Antigen-functionalized turnip mosaic virus nanoparticles increase antibody sensing in saliva. A case study with SARS-CoV-2 RBD. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 109:116298. [PMID: 38604075 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles derived from plant viruses play an important role in nanomedicine due to their biocompatibility, self-assembly and easily-modifiable surface. In this study, we developed a novel platform for increasing antibody sensing using viral nanoparticles derived from turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) functionalized with SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) through three different methods: chemical conjugation, gene fusion and the SpyTag/SpyCatcher technology. Even though gene fusion turned out to be unsuccessful, the other two constructs were proven to significantly increase antibody sensing when tested with saliva of patients with different infection and vaccination status to SARS-CoV-2. Our findings show the high potential of TuMV nanoparticles in the fields of diagnostics and immunodetection, being especially attractive for the development of novel antibody sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Medrano-Arranz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Rincón
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Zurita
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Ponz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Daniel A Truchado
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
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Truchado DA, Juárez-Molina M, Rincón S, Zurita L, Tomé-Amat J, Lorz C, Ponz F. A Multifunctionalized Potyvirus-Derived Nanoparticle That Targets and Internalizes into Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4327. [PMID: 38673914 PMCID: PMC11050569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant viral nanoparticles (VNPs) are attractive to nanomedicine researchers because of their safety, ease of production, resistance, and straightforward functionalization. In this paper, we developed and successfully purified a VNP derived from turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), a well-known plant pathogen, that exhibits a high affinity for immunoglobulins G (IgG) thanks to its functionalization with the Z domain of staphylococcal Protein A via gene fusion. We selected cetuximab as a model IgG to demonstrate the versatility of this novel TuMV VNP by developing a fluorescent nanoplatform to mark tumoral cells from the Cal33 line of a tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Using confocal microscopy, we observed that fluorescent VNP-cetuximab bound selectively to Cal33 and was internalized, revealing the potential of this nanotool in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Truchado
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain; (D.A.T.); (M.J.-M.); (S.R.); (L.Z.); (J.T.-A.)
| | - María Juárez-Molina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain; (D.A.T.); (M.J.-M.); (S.R.); (L.Z.); (J.T.-A.)
| | - Sara Rincón
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain; (D.A.T.); (M.J.-M.); (S.R.); (L.Z.); (J.T.-A.)
| | - Lucía Zurita
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain; (D.A.T.); (M.J.-M.); (S.R.); (L.Z.); (J.T.-A.)
| | - Jaime Tomé-Amat
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain; (D.A.T.); (M.J.-M.); (S.R.); (L.Z.); (J.T.-A.)
| | - Corina Lorz
- Unidad de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Avenida de Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Ponz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain; (D.A.T.); (M.J.-M.); (S.R.); (L.Z.); (J.T.-A.)
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Merwaiss F, Lozano‐Sanchez E, Zulaica J, Rusu L, Vazquez‐Vilar M, Orzáez D, Rodrigo G, Geller R, Daròs J. Plant virus-derived nanoparticles decorated with genetically encoded SARS-CoV-2 nanobodies display enhanced neutralizing activity. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:876-891. [PMID: 37966715 PMCID: PMC10955499 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Viral nanoparticles (VNPs) are a new class of virus-based formulations that can be used as building blocks to implement a variety of functions of potential interest in biotechnology and nanomedicine. Viral coat proteins (CP) that exhibit self-assembly properties are particularly appropriate for displaying antigens and antibodies, by generating multivalent VNPs with therapeutic and diagnostic potential. Here, we developed genetically encoded multivalent VNPs derived from two filamentous plant viruses, potato virus X (PVX) and tobacco etch virus (TEV), which were efficiently and inexpensively produced in the biofactory Nicotiana benthamiana plant. PVX and TEV-derived VNPs were decorated with two different nanobodies recognizing two different regions of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. The addition of different picornavirus 2A ribosomal skipping peptides between the nanobody and the CP allowed for modulating the degree of VNP decoration. Nanobody-decorated VNPs purified from N. benthamiana tissues successfully recognized the RBD antigen in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and showed efficient neutralization activity against pseudoviruses carrying the Spike protein. Interestingly, multivalent PVX and TEV-derived VNPs exhibited a neutralizing activity approximately one order of magnitude higher than the corresponding nanobody in a dimeric format. These properties, combined with the ability to produce VNP cocktails in the same N. benthamiana plant based on synergistic infection of the parent PVX and TEV, make these green nanomaterials an attractive alternative to standard antibodies for multiple applications in diagnosis and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Merwaiss
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de PlantasConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | - Enrique Lozano‐Sanchez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de PlantasConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | - João Zulaica
- Institute for Integrative Systems BiologyConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universitat de ValènciaPaternaSpain
| | - Luciana Rusu
- Institute for Integrative Systems BiologyConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universitat de ValènciaPaternaSpain
| | - Marta Vazquez‐Vilar
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de PlantasConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | - Diego Orzáez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de PlantasConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | - Guillermo Rodrigo
- Institute for Integrative Systems BiologyConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universitat de ValènciaPaternaSpain
| | - Ron Geller
- Institute for Integrative Systems BiologyConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universitat de ValènciaPaternaSpain
| | - José‐Antonio Daròs
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de PlantasConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValenciaSpain
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Zhu M, Zhang J, Yang M, Zhang H, Xu T, Kan F, Zhang X, Zhang S, Yin Y, Yu F. In vitro and in vivo study on the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer with radionuclide labeled PD-L1 nanobody. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04793-0. [PMID: 37085729 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04793-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nanobodies have become promising carriers due to excellent in vivo properties. Radiopharmaceutical therapy targeting programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an effective therapeutic strategy. Our study aimed to explore therapeutic efficacy of 131I labeled PD-L1 nanobody (Nb109) in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) in vitro and in vivo. METHODS 131I-Nb109 was synthesized by chloramine-T method. We implemented stability analysis, SDS-PAGE and lipid-water partition coefficient test to assess its quality. Cell uptake assay and SPECT/CT scan were applied to evaluate its ability to target NSCLCs (H460 and A549). CCK8 assay and in vivo efficacy assay were conducted to estimate its therapeutic effect in H460 tumors. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) release in H460 cells incubated with 131I-Nb109 was investigated by western blot and ATP test kit. RESULTS 131I-Nb109 was hydrophilic with high labeling rate (69.51-98.06%), radiochemical purity (99.17% ± 0.76%) and stability. Cell uptake experiments showed that H460 cells (PD-L1 positive) compared with A549 cells (PD-L1 negative) had higher 131I-Nb109 uptake. SPECT/CT imaging revealed the accumulation of 131I-Nb109 in H460 tumor within 48 h. 131I-Nb109 inhibited H460 tumor growth without toxic side effects in contrast with control group. It also induced H460 cells to release DAMPs (adenosine triphosphate, high mobility group box 1, and heat shock protein 70). CONCLUSION 131I-Nb109 had high stability, excellent ability to target and treatment PD-L1 positive tumors, and can improve tumor immunogenicity. The results of our study were expected to inspire the development of more novel radiopharmaceuticals to treat NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqin Zhu
- Shanghai Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Mengdie Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Smart-Nuclide Biopharma Co. Ltd, No. 218 Xing-Hu Rd., Suzhou, 215125, China
| | - Fei Kan
- Smart-Nuclide Biopharma Co. Ltd, No. 218 Xing-Hu Rd., Suzhou, 215125, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Shenghong Zhang
- Shanghai Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yuzhen Yin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Shanghai Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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5
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The Plant Viruses and Molecular Farming: How Beneficial They Might Be for Human and Animal Health? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021533. [PMID: 36675043 PMCID: PMC9863966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses have traditionally been studied as pathogens in the context of understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of a particular disease affecting crops. In recent years, viruses have emerged as a new alternative for producing biological nanomaterials and chimeric vaccines. Plant viruses were also used to generate highly efficient expression vectors, revolutionizing plant molecular farming (PMF). Several biological products, including recombinant vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, diagnostic reagents, and other pharmaceutical products produced in plants, have passed their clinical trials and are in their market implementation stage. PMF offers opportunities for fast, adaptive, and low-cost technology to meet ever-growing and critical global health needs. In this review, we summarized the advancements in the virus-like particles-based (VLPs-based) nanotechnologies and the role they played in the production of advanced vaccines, drugs, diagnostic bio-nanomaterials, and other bioactive cargos. We also highlighted various applications and advantages plant-produced vaccines have and their relevance for treating human and animal illnesses. Furthermore, we summarized the plant-based biologics that have passed through clinical trials, the unique challenges they faced, and the challenges they will face to qualify, become available, and succeed on the market.
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6
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De S, Nguyen HM, Liljeström V, Mäkinen K, Kostiainen MA, Vapaavuori J. Potato virus A particles - A versatile material for self-assembled nanopatterned surfaces. Virology 2023; 578:103-110. [PMID: 36493505 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Potato virus A (PVA) is a plant-infecting RNA virus that produces flexible particles with a high aspect ratio. PVA has been investigated extensively for its infection biology, however, its potential to serve as a nanopatterning platform remains unexplored. Here, we study the liquid crystal and interfacial self-assembly behavior of PVA particles. Furthermore, we generate nanopatterned surfaces using self-assembled PVA particles through three different coating techniques: drop-casting, drop-top deposition and flow-coating. The liquid crystal phase of PVA solution visualized by polarized optical microscopy revealed a chiral nematic phase in water, while in pH 8 buffer it produced a nematic phase. This allowed us to produce thin films with either randomly or anisotropically oriented cylindrical nanopatterns using drop-top and flow-coating methods. Overall, this study explores the self-assembly process of PVA in different conditions, establishing a starting point for PVA self-assembly research and contributing a virus-assisted fabrication technique for nanopatterned surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnalok De
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, 00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Hoang M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, 00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ville Liljeström
- Nanomicroscopy Center, OtaNano, Aalto University, 00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Kristiina Mäkinen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mauri A Kostiainen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 00076, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Jaana Vapaavuori
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, 00076, Espoo, Finland.
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Wijesundara YH, Herbert FC, Kumari S, Howlett T, Koirala S, Trashi O, Trashi I, Al-Kharji NM, Gassensmith JJ. Rip it, stitch it, click it: A Chemist's guide to VLP manipulation. Virology 2022; 577:105-123. [PMID: 36343470 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are some of nature's most ubiquitous self-assembled molecular containers. Evolutionary pressures have created some incredibly robust, thermally, and enzymatically resistant carriers to transport delicate genetic information safely. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are human-engineered non-infectious systems that inherit the parent virus' ability to self-assemble under controlled conditions while being non-infectious. VLPs and plant-based viral nanoparticles are becoming increasingly popular in medicine as their self-assembly properties are exploitable for applications ranging from diagnostic tools to targeted drug delivery. Understanding the basic structure and principles underlying the assembly of higher-order structures has allowed researchers to disassemble (rip it), reassemble (stitch it), and functionalize (click it) these systems on demand. This review focuses on the current toolbox of strategies developed to manipulate these systems by ripping, stitching, and clicking to create new technologies in the biomedical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalini H Wijesundara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Fabian C Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Sneha Kumari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Thomas Howlett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Shailendra Koirala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Orikeda Trashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Ikeda Trashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Noora M Al-Kharji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Jeremiah J Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Rd. Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
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