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Yong GY, Muniandy N, Beishenaliev A, Lau BF, Kue CS. Anti-angiogenic and anti-tumour activities of Lignosus rhinocerus (Cooke) Ryvarden water extracts on HCT116 human colorectal carcinoma cells implanted in chick embryos. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118213. [PMID: 38636576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The sclerotium of Lignosus rhinocerus (Cooke) Ryvarden is used by the local communities in Southeast Asia and China to treat cancer, asthma, fever, and other ailments based on traditional knowledge. The sclerotial water extracts were previously reported to exhibit cytotoxic, apoptotic, and immunomodulatory activities - providing a scientific basis for its use in treating cancer; however, there is still a lack of evidence on its potential anti-angiogenic activity. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the toxicity, anti-angiogenic, and anti-tumour activities of the hot-water and cold-water extracts of L. rhinocerus using HCT116 human colorectal carcinoma cells implanted in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The toxicity of L. rhinocerus extracts towards the chick embryos was determined 24 h post-treatment. The anti-angiogenic activity of the extracts was then investigated at 0.1-10 μg/embryo (6.7-670 μg/mL) at targeted blood vessels. The anti-tumour effect of selected extracts against the HCT116 human colorectal carcinoma cells xenografted onto the chick embryos was also studied. RESULTS The cold-water extracts of L. rhinocerus displayed strong in ovo toxicity (LC50: 1.2-37.7 μg/mL) while the hot-water extracts are non-toxic up to 670 μg/mL. Among the extracts, the hot-water extracts demonstrated the highest anti-angiogenic activity with 44.0 ± 17.7% reduction of capillary diameter (relative to the saline-treated control). Moreover, treatment of the HCT116 cells xenografted onto the chick embryos with the hot-water extracts resulted in smaller tumour size and lower number of blood vessels compared to the saline-treated control. CONCLUSIONS The hot-water extracts of L. rhinocerus sclerotium demonstrated anti-angiogenic and anti-tumour activities but most of the cold-water extracts at similar concentrations were devoid of that. Our findings provide further scientific validation of the medicinal use of the sclerotium in treating cancer and thus, expanding our knowledge on the possible mechanism of its anti-cancer effect apart from direct cytotoxicity, induction of apoptosis and immunomodulation that have been studied thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong Yi Yong
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Seksyen 13, 40100, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nishalini Muniandy
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Seksyen 13, 40100, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Adilet Beishenaliev
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Beng Fye Lau
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Chin Siang Kue
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Seksyen 13, 40100, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Xiang T, Sun F, Liu T, Zhao J, Yang J, Ouyang D, Chen H, Zhu Q, Wang Q, Li Y, He J, Yang C, Yang X, Chen Y, Tang Y, Weng D, Pan Q, Yang Q, Xia J. EBV-associated epithelial cancers cells promote vasculogenic mimicry formation via a secretory cross-talk with the immune microenvironment. Theranostics 2024; 14:5123-5140. [PMID: 39267775 PMCID: PMC11388080 DOI: 10.7150/thno.100171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) induced by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection plays an important role in resistance to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy in EBV-associated epithelial cancers; however, the interaction between VM and the immune microenvironment has not been systematically investigated. Methods: IHC and multiplex IHC analysis the relationships among tumour-associated macrophage (TAM), VM and EBV infection in EBV-associated epithelial cancer biopsies. In vitro and in vivo evidence using CRISPR-Cas9 system engineered EBV-infected epithelial cancer cells and mouse models support functional role and mechanism for M2c-like macrophages in the VM formation. The prediction of VM in the effectiveness of anti-angiogenic agent was analysed using clinical datasets. Results: EBV-associated epithelial cancer biopsies revealed that infiltration of the TAM surrounding the VM is closely associated with EBV infection. AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α pathway in EBV-infected epithelial cancer cells control the secretion of CCL5 and CSF-1, enabling the recruitment of monocytes and their differentiation into M2c macrophages which promote VM formation by MMP9. Combination of anti-angiogenesis agents and HIF-1α inhibitor caused marked decreases in CD31-positive micro-vessels, VM, and M2c-like macrophages. VM scores can be used as biomarkers to predict the efficacy of anti-angiogenic agent therapy in EBV-associated epithelial cancers. Conclusions: Our findings define a secretory cross-talk between tumour cells and the immune microenvironment in EBV-associated epithelial cancer, revealing an unexpected role of EBV in epithelial cancer cells, controlling VM formation via M2c-like macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Fengze Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
- Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University)
| | - Tingting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Jieying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Dijun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Qijing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Jia He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Chaopin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Yan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Desheng Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Qiuzhong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Jianchuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
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Kaur G, Roy B. Decoding Tumor Angiogenesis for Therapeutic Advancements: Mechanistic Insights. Biomedicines 2024; 12:827. [PMID: 38672182 PMCID: PMC11048662 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels within the tumor microenvironment, is considered a hallmark of cancer progression and represents a crucial target for therapeutic intervention. The tumor microenvironment is characterized by a complex interplay between proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors, regulating the vascularization necessary for tumor growth and metastasis. The study of angiogenesis involves a spectrum of techniques, spanning from biomarker assessment to advanced imaging modalities. This comprehensive review aims to provide insights into the molecular intricacies, regulatory dynamics, and clinical implications of tumor angiogenesis. By delving into these aspects, we gain a deeper understanding of the processes driving vascularization in tumors, paving the way for the development of novel and effective antiangiogenic therapies in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Kaur
- Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Bipradas Roy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Wang Z, Wang Q, Qin F, Chen J. Exosomes: a promising avenue for cancer diagnosis beyond treatment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1344705. [PMID: 38419843 PMCID: PMC10900531 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1344705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, have garnered significant attention in recent years for their remarkable therapeutic potential. These nanoscale carriers can be harnessed for the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents, such as pharmaceuticals, proteins, and nucleic acids, across biological barriers. This versatile attribute of exosomes is a promising modality for precision medicine applications, notably in the realm of cancer therapy. However, despite their substantial therapeutic potential, exosomes still confront challenges tied to standardization and scalability that impede their practice in clinical applications. Moreover, heterogeneity in isolation methodologies and limited cargo loading mechanisms pose obstacles to ensuring consistent outcomes, thereby constraining their therapeutic utility. In contrast, exosomes exhibit a distinct advantage in cancer diagnosis, as they harbor specific signatures reflective of the tumor's genetic and proteomic profile. This characteristic endows them with the potential to serve as valuable liquid biopsies for non-invasive and real-time monitoring, making possible early cancer detection for the development of personalized treatment strategies. In this review, we provide an extensive evaluation of the advancements in exosome research, critically examining their advantages and limitations in the context of cancer therapy and early diagnosis. Furthermore, we present a curated overview of the most recent technological innovations utilizing exosomes, with a focus on enhancing the efficacy of early cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Wang
- Breast Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute for Breast Health Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng Qin
- School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Breast Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute for Breast Health Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Liu T, Long K, Zhu Z, Song Y, Chen C, Xu G, Ke X. Roles of circRNAs in regulating the tumor microenvironment. Med Oncol 2023; 40:329. [PMID: 37819576 PMCID: PMC10567871 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
CircRNAs, a type of non-coding RNA widely present in eukaryotic cells, have emerged as a prominent focus in tumor research. However, the functions of most circRNAs remain largely unexplored. Known circRNAs exert their regulatory roles through various mechanisms, including acting as microRNA sponges, binding to RNA-binding proteins, and functioning as transcription factors to modulate protein translation and coding. Tumor growth is not solely driven by gene mutations but also influenced by diverse constituent cells and growth factors within the tumor microenvironment (TME). As crucial regulators within the TME, circRNAs are involved in governing tumor growth and metastasis. This review highlights the role of circRNAs in regulating angiogenesis, matrix remodeling, and immunosuppression within the TME. Additionally, we discuss current research on hypoxia-induced circRNAs production and commensal microorganisms' impact on the TME to elucidate how circRNAs influence tumor growth while emphasizing the significance of modulating the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Kaijun Long
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhengfeng Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Yongxiang Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.
| | - Xixian Ke
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.
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Yao X, Zeng Y. Tumour associated endothelial cells: origin, characteristics and role in metastasis and anti-angiogenic resistance. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1199225. [PMID: 37389120 PMCID: PMC10301839 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1199225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour progression and metastasis remain the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Tumour angiogenesis is essential for tumour progression. The vasculature surrounding tumours is not only a transport channel for nutrients, oxygen, and metabolites, but also a pathway for metastasis. There is a close interaction between tumour cells and endothelial cells in the tumour microenvironment. Recent studies have shown that tumour-associated endothelial cells have different characteristics from normal vascular endothelial cells, play an important role in tumour progression and metastasis, and are expected to be a key target for cancer therapy. This article reviews the tissue and cellular origin of tumour-associated endothelial cells and analyses the characteristics of tumour-associated endothelial cells. Finally, it summarises the role of tumour-associated endothelial cells in tumour progression and metastasis and the prospects for their use in clinical anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghong Yao
- Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiotherapy, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Zeng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Cao Y, Langer R, Ferrara N. Targeting angiogenesis in oncology, ophthalmology and beyond. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:476-495. [PMID: 37041221 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00671-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an essential process in normal development and in adult physiology, but can be disrupted in numerous diseases. The concept of targeting angiogenesis for treating diseases was proposed more than 50 years ago, and the first two drugs targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bevacizumab and pegaptanib, were approved in 2004 for the treatment of cancer and neovascular ophthalmic diseases, respectively. Since then, nearly 20 years of clinical experience with anti-angiogenic drugs (AADs) have demonstrated the importance of this therapeutic modality for these disorders. However, there is a need to improve clinical outcomes by enhancing therapeutic efficacy, overcoming drug resistance, defining surrogate markers, combining with other drugs and developing the next generation of therapeutics. In this Review, we examine emerging new targets, the development of new drugs and challenging issues such as the mode of action of AADs and elucidating mechanisms underlying clinical benefits; we also discuss possible future directions of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Robert Langer
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Napoleone Ferrara
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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[Exosomal miR-10b Promotes Invasion and Epithelial-mesenchymal Transformation of Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells by Regulating Macrophage M2 Polarization]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2022; 25:835-842. [PMID: 36617469 PMCID: PMC9845090 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2022.101.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis is the main cause of death in patients with lung cancer. Macrophages are innate immune cells that play important roles in cancer metastasis. Exosomes could play an important role of communication between tumor cells and macrophages. This study investigated the effect of miR-10b on cell growth invasion and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell exosomes. METHODS Exosomes were isolated from A549 cells and identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Western blot. CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry were used to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis. Cell migration and invasion were detected by Transwell assay. The expression of mRNA and protein were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS The expression of miR-10b was up-regulated in non-small cell lung cancer, and miR-10b inhibitor could inhibit the proliferation of A549 cell. Meanwhile, the tumor cell-derived exosome miR-10b promoted the invasion of A549 cell and EMT by promoting the M2 polarization of macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Tumor cell-derived exosome miR-10b promotes A549 cell invasion and EMT through M2 macrophage polarization.
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Wang J, Xia W, Huang Y, Li H, Tang Y, Li Y, Yi B, Zhang Z, Yang J, Cao Z, Zhou J. A vasculogenic mimicry prognostic signature associated with immune signature in human gastric cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1016612. [PMID: 36505458 PMCID: PMC9727221 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1016612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most lethal malignant tumors worldwide with poor outcomes. Vascular mimicry (VM) is an alternative blood supply to tumors that is independent of endothelial cells or angiogenesis. Previous studies have shown that VM was associated with poor prognosis in patients with GC, but the underlying mechanisms and the relationship between VM and immune infiltration of GC have not been well studied. Methods In this study, expression profiles from VM-related genes were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Cox regression was performed to identify key VM-related genes for survival. Subsequently, a novel risk score model in GC named VM index and a nomogram was constructed. In addition, the expression of one key VM-related gene (serpin family F member 1, SERPINF1) was validated in 33 GC tissues and 23 paracancer tissues using immunohistochemistry staining. Results Univariate and multivariate Cox regression suggested that SERPINF1 and tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2) were independent risk factors for the prognosis of patients with GC. The AUC (> 0.7) indicated the satisfactory discriminative ability of the nomogram. SsGESA and ESTIMATE showed that higher expression of SERPINF1 and TFPI2 is associated with immune infiltration of GC. Immunohistochemistry staining confirmed that the expression of SERPINF1 protein was significantly higher in GC tissues than that in paracancer tissues. Conclusion A VM index and a nomogram were constructed and showed satisfactory predictive performance. In addition, VM was confirmed to be widely involved in immune infiltration, suggesting that VM could be a promising target in guiding immunotherapy. Taken together, we identified SERPINF1 and TFPI2 as immunologic and prognostic biomarkers related to VM in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yujie Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haoran Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuchen Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zixiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhifei Cao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Jian Zhou, ; Zhifei Cao,
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Jian Zhou, ; Zhifei Cao,
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Glycocalyx Acts as a Central Player in the Development of Tumor Microenvironment by Extracellular Vesicles for Angiogenesis and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215415. [PMID: 36358833 PMCID: PMC9655334 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The glycocalyx is a fluffy sugar coat covering the surface of all mammalian cells. While glycocalyx at endothelial cells is a barrier to tumor cell adhesion and transmigration, glycocalyx at tumor cells promotes tumor metastasis. Angiogenesis at primary tumors and the growth of tumor cells at metastatic sites are all affected by the tumor microenvironment, including the blood vasculature, extracellular matrix (ECM), and fibroblasts. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by the tumor cells and tumor-associated endothelial cells are also considered to be the components of the tumor microenvironment. They can modify tumor vasculature, ECM, and fibroblasts. But how the EVs are generated, secreted, and up taken by the endothelial and tumor cells in the development of the tumor microenvironment are unclear, especially after anti-angiogenic therapy (AAT). The objective of this short review is to summarize the role of the glycocalyx in EV biogenesis, secretion, and uptake, as well as the modulation of the glycocalyx by the EVs. Abstract Angiogenesis in tumor growth and progression involves a series of complex changes in the tumor microenvironment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important components of the tumor microenvironment, which can be classified as exosomes, apoptotic vesicles, and matrix vesicles according to their origins and properties. The EVs that share many common biological properties are important factors for the microenvironmental modification and play a vital role in tumor growth and progression. For example, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) exosomes, which carry VEGF, participate in the tolerance of anti-angiogenic therapy (AAT). The glycocalyx is a mucopolysaccharide structure consisting of glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans. Both endothelial and tumor cells have glycocalyx at their surfaces. Glycocalyx at both cells mediates the secretion and uptake of EVs. On the other hand, many components carried by EVs can modify the glycocalyx, which finally facilitates the development of the tumor microenvironment. In this short review, we first summarize the role of EVs in the development of the tumor microenvironment. Then we review how the glycocalyx is associated with the tumor microenvironment and how it is modulated by the EVs, and finally, we review the role of the glycocalyx in the synthesis, release, and uptake of EVs that affect tumor microenvironments. This review aims to provide a basis for the mechanistic study of AAT and new clues to address the challenges in AAT tolerance, tumor angiogenesis and metastasis.
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He Z, Wang J, Zhu C, Xu J, Chen P, Jiang X, Chen Y, Jiang J, Sun C. Exosome-derived FGD5-AS1 promotes tumor-associated macrophage M2 polarization-mediated pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. Cancer Lett 2022; 548:215751. [PMID: 35718269 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory molecules and exosomes are crucial for signal transduction between tumor-associated macrophages and tumor cells. IL-6, a key inflammatory molecule secreted by M2 macrophages after polarization, can mediate malignant progression of pancreatic cancer (PC). However, the functions and mechanisms of IL-6 and tumor-derived exosomes in tumor-associated macrophages and PC remain unclear. Transcriptome chip and quantitative reverse transcription PCR experiments indicated that FGD5-AS1 induced IL-6 and high FGD5-AS1 expression correlated with the poor prognosis in PC patients. RNA pulldown, mass spectrometry, and dual luciferase reporter assays were used to identify the mechanism of exosomal FGD5-AS1 in promoting PC progression and M2 macrophage polarization. FGD5-AS1 exerted cancer-promoting functions when co-cultured with M2 macrophages. PC-derived exosomal FGD5-AS1 stimulated M2 macrophage polarization by activating STAT3/NF-κB pathway. FGD5-AS1 interacts with p300, resulting in STAT3 acetylation, thus promoting nuclear localization and transcriptional activity of STAT3/NF-κB. These data indicated that PC cells generate FGD5-AS1-rich exosomes, which cause M2 macrophage polarization to promote the malignant behaviors of PC cells. Targeting exosomal FGD5-AS1 may provide a potential diagnosis and treatment strategy for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei He
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Ziyang Road, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430060, PR China
| | - Changhao Zhu
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Ziyang Road, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430060, PR China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Xueyi Jiang
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Yankun Chen
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Ziyang Road, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430060, PR China.
| | - Chengyi Sun
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China.
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Qin Y, Zhang M, Lei H, Wu H, Huang C, Zhou X, Fu Y, Weng M, Ma M. Knockdown of IGF2BP3 inhibits the tumorigenesis of gallbladder cancer and modifies tumor microenvironment. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1831-1844. [PMID: 36184877 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyu Qin
- Clinical Medical College, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine Yancheng China
| | - Mingdi Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Haiming Lei
- Clinical Medical College, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine Yancheng China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- Clinical Medical College, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine Yancheng China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Clinical Medical College, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine Yancheng China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of General Surgery Xiangtan Central Hospital Xiangtan China
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Mingzhe Weng
- Department of General Surgery Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Mingzhe Ma
- Department of Gastric Surgery Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Shanghai China
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Wu Z, Yu X, Zhang S, He Y, Guo W. Mechanism underlying circRNA dysregulation in the TME of digestive system cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:951561. [PMID: 36238299 PMCID: PMC9550895 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.951561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new series of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that have been reported to be expressed in eukaryotic cells and have a variety of biological functions in the regulation of cancer pathogenesis and progression. The TME, as a microscopic ecological environment, consists of a variety of cells, including tumor cells, immune cells and other normal cells, ECM and a large number of signaling molecules. The crosstalk between circRNAs and the TME plays a complicated role in affecting the malignant behaviors of digestive system cancers. Herein, we summarize the mechanisms underlying aberrant circRNA expression in the TME of the digestive system cancers, including immune surveillance, angiogenesis, EMT, and ECM remodelling. The regulation of the TME by circRNA is expected to be a new therapeutic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuting He
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenzhi Guo, ; Yuting He,
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenzhi Guo, ; Yuting He,
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Circ_0061140 Contributes to Ovarian Cancer Progression by Targeting miR-761/LETM1 Signaling. Biochem Genet 2022; 61:628-650. [PMID: 36056285 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10277-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important regulatory roles in cancer progression. Previous evidence exhibited the aberrant upregulation of circ_0061140 in ovarian cancer. However, the detailed role of circ_0061140 in ovarian cancer progression and its associated mechanism remain largely unknown and need further exploration. The expression of circ_0061140, microRNA-761 (miR-761) and leucine zipper and EF-hand containing transmembrane protein 1 (LETM1) was checked by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) or western blot. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), colony formation, 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), flow cytometry, wound healing, transwell, and tube formation assays were conducted to assess cell functions. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay were performed to confirm the interaction between miR-761 and circ_0061140 or LETM1. Xenograft tumor model was established to analyze the role of circ_0061140 in tumor growth in vivo. Circ_0061140 expression was notably up-regulated in ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines. Circ_0061140 knockdown suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis and triggered the apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells. Circ_0061140 directly interacted with miR-761, and circ_0061140 silencing-mediated anti-tumor effects were partly abolished by miR-761 knockdown in ovarian cancer cells. LETM1 was a direct target of miR-761, and LETM1 overexpression partly counteracted miR-761-induced anti-tumor effects. Circ_0061140 could up-regulate LETM1 expression by sponging miR-761. Circ_0061140 knockdown significantly suppressed xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Circ_0061140 aggravated ovarian cancer progression through miR-761-dependent regulation of LETM1.
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Qiu Y, Shen J, Jiang W, Yang Y, Liu X, Zeng Y. Sphingosine 1-phosphate and its regulatory role in vascular endothelial cells. Histol Histopathol 2022; 37:213-225. [PMID: 35118637 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive metabolite of sphingomyelin. S1P activates a series of signaling cascades by acting on its receptors S1PR1-3 on endothelial cells (ECs), which plays an important role in endothelial barrier maintenance, anti-inflammation, antioxidant and angiogenesis, and thus is considered as a potential therapeutic biomarker for ischemic stroke, sepsis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, cancers, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. We presently review the levels of S1P in those vascular and vascular-related diseases. Plasma S1P levels were reduced in various inflammation-related diseases such as atherosclerosis and sepsis, but were increased in other diseases including type 2 diabetes, neurodegeneration, cerebrovascular damages such as acute ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, angina, heart failure, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, community-acquired pneumonia, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Then, we highlighted the molecular mechanism by which S1P regulated EC biology including vascular development and angiogenesis, inflammation, permeability, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), which might provide new ways for exploring the pathogenesis and implementing individualized therapy strategies for those diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyi Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenli Jiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Orthopeadics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Zeng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Cancer Stem Cells and Their Vesicles, Together with Other Stem and Non-Stem Cells, Govern Critical Cancer Processes: Perspectives for Medical Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020625. [PMID: 35054811 PMCID: PMC8775347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells, identified several decades ago, started to attract interest at the end of the nineties when families of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), concentrated in the stroma of most organs, were found to participate in the therapy of many diseases. In cancer, however, stem cells of high importance are specific to another family, the cancer stem cells (CSCs). This comprehensive review is focused on the role and the mechanisms of CSCs and of their specific extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are composed of both exosomes and ectosomes. Compared to non-stem (normal) cancer cells, CSCs exist in small populations that are preferentially distributed to the niches, such as minor specific tissue sites corresponding to the stroma of non-cancer tissues. At niches and marginal sites of other cancer masses, the tissue exhibits peculiar properties that are typical of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of cancers. The extracellular matrix (ECM) includes components different from non-cancer tissues. CSCs and their EVs, in addition to effects analogous to those of MSCs/EVs, participate in processes of key importance, specific to cancer: generation of distinct cell subtypes, proliferation, differentiation, progression, formation of metastases, immune and therapy resistance, cancer relapse. Many of these, and other, effects require CSC cooperation with surrounding cells, especially MSCs. Filtered non-cancer cells, especially macrophages and fibroblasts, contribute to collaborative cancer transition/integration processes. Therapy developments are mentioned as ongoing preclinical initiatives. The preliminary state of clinical medicine is presented in terms of both industrial development and future treatments. The latter will be administered to specific patients together with known drugs, with the aim of eradicating their tumor growth and metastases.
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Wang Y, Wang X, Wang YX, Ma Y, Di Y. The Long-Noncoding RNA TUG1 Regulates Oxygen-Induced Retinal Neovascularization in Mice via MiR-299. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:37. [PMID: 35084431 PMCID: PMC8802012 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The oxygen-induced retinal neovascularization mouse model closely approximates pathological changes associated with human retinal neovascularization-associated diseases, including retinopathies. We used this model and human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) under hypoxia to explore the relationship between taurine upregulated gene-1 (TUG1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and miR-299-3p on retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods An oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mouse model was established; the mice were divided into a normal control group, OIR group, TUG1 control group (lentivirus control), and TUG1-knockdown group. The apoptosis of retinal cells was evaluated using a TUNEL assay. Angiogenic, apoptotic, and inflammatory factors were detected by Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence analyses. HRECs were cultured under hypoxia and assessed for VEGF expression, apoptosis, tubule formation, and migration ability. The relationship between TUG1, VEGF, and miR-299-3p was detected via a dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Results Intravitreal injection of TUG1 lentivirus reduced the inflammatory response in the mouse retinal tissue and markedly reduced pathological changes in the retina. Overexpression of miR-299 in HRECs reduced the apoptosis rate, tube formation, and migration ability of hypoxia-treated cells, thereby inhibiting the formation of new blood vessels. The dual luciferase reporter gene assay suggested that miR-299 has binding sites for TUG1 and VEGF. Conclusions TUG1 reduces the expression of VEGFA by competitively adsorbing miR-299-3p and facilitates the regulation of retinal neovascularization, suggesting that it may serve as a new therapeutic target for retinal neovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue-Xia Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Di
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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De P, Aske J, Dey N. Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Functions as a Road-Block in Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5246. [PMID: 34680395 PMCID: PMC8534063 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The journey of a normal resident fibroblast belonging to the tumor microenvironment (TME) from being a tumor pacifier to a tumor patron is fascinating. We introduce cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) as a crucial component of the TME. Activated-CAF partners with tumor cells and all components of TME in an established solid tumor. We briefly overview the origin, activation, markers, and overall functions of CAF with a particular reference to how different functions of CAF in an established tumor are functionally connected to the development of resistance to cancer therapy in solid tumors. We interrogate the role of CAF in mediating resistance to different modes of therapies. Functional diversity of CAF in orchestrating treatment resistance in solid tumors portrays CAF as a common orchestrator of treatment resistance; a roadblock in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nandini Dey
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Avera Cancer Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA; (P.D.); (J.A.)
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The emerging roles of circular RNAs in vessel co-option and vasculogenic mimicry: clinical insights for anti-angiogenic therapy in cancers. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 41:173-191. [PMID: 34664157 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10000-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Unexpected resistance to anti-angiogenic treatment prompted the investigation of non-angiogenic tumor processes. Vessel co-option (VC) and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) are recognized as primary non-angiogenic mechanisms. In VC, cancer cells utilize pre-existing blood vessels for support, whereas in VM, cancer cells channel and provide blood flow to rapidly growing tumors. Both processes have been implicated in the development of tumor and resistance to anti-angiogenic drugs in many tumor types. The morphology, but rare molecular alterations have been investigated in VC and VM. There is a pressing need to better understand the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. Here, we review the emerging circular RNA (circRNA)-mediated regulation of non-angiogenic processes, VC and VM.
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Dual role of WNT5A in promoting endothelial differentiation of glioma stem cells and angiogenesis of glioma derived endothelial cells. Oncogene 2021; 40:5081-5094. [PMID: 34188250 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01922-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is a devastating cancer with a rich vascular network. No anti-angiogenic treatment is available for prolonging the overall survival of glioma patients. Recent studies have demonstrated that the endothelial differentiation of glioma stem cells (GSCs) into glioma-derived endothelial cells (GDECs) may be a novel target for anti-angiogenic therapy in glioma; however, the underlying mechanisms of this process remain unknown. Here, we report that wingless-related integration site (WNT) family member 5A (WNT5A) plays significant roles in GSC endothelial differentiation and GDECs angiogenesis. WNT5A is preferentially secreted by GDECs, and inhibition of WNT5A suppresses angiogenesis and tumorigenesis in GDECs. Silencing of WNT5A in GDECs also disrupts the impact of GDECs on stimulating GSC endothelial differentiation. Frizzled-4 is a receptor that mediates the effect of WNT5A on GSC endothelial differentiation and angiogenesis of GDECs via GSK3β/β-catenin/epithelial-mesenchymal transition signalling. The shWNT5A@cRGD-DDD liposomes, targeting WNT5A, exert anti-angiogenic effects in vivo. In this study, we identified that WNT5A has a dual functional role in modulating the endothelial differentiation of GSCs and angiogenesis of GDECs, indicating that WNT5A is a potential target for anti-angiogenesis-based therapeutics in glioma.
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Liu J, Luo R, Wang J, Luan X, Wu D, Chen H, Hou Q, Mao G, Li X. Tumor Cell-Derived Exosomal miR-770 Inhibits M2 Macrophage Polarization via Targeting MAP3K1 to Inhibit the Invasion of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:679658. [PMID: 34195198 PMCID: PMC8236888 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.679658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is a type lung cancer with high malignant behaviors. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to be involved in progression of NSCLC. In order to explore potential targets for the treatment of NSCLC, bioinformatics tool was used to analyze differential expressed miRNAs between NSCLC and adjacent normal tissues. METHODS Bioinformatics tool was used to find potential targets for NSCLC. Cell proliferation was investigated by Ki67 staining. Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. mRNA and protein expression in NSCLC cells were detected by RT-qPCR and Western-blot, respectively. Transwell assay was performed to test the cell migration and invasion. In order to investigate the function of exosomal miRNA in NSCLC, in vivo model of NSCLC was constructed. RESULTS MiR-770 was identified to be downregulated in NSCLC, and miR-770 agomir could significantly inhibit NSCLC cell proliferation through inducing the apoptosis. Additionally, the metastasis of NSCLC cells was decreased by miR-770 agomir. MAP3K1 was identified to be the target mRNA of miR-770. Meanwhile, tumor cell-derived exosomal miR-770 inhibited M2 macrophage polarization via downregulation of MAP3K1, which in turn suppressed NSCLC cell invasion. Besides, tumor cell-derived exosomal miR-770 markedly decreased NSCLC tumor growth in vivo through suppressing M2 macrophage polarization. CONCLUSION Tumor cell-derived exosomal miR-770 inhibits M2 macrophage polarization to inhibit the invasion of NSCLC cells via targeting MAP3K1. Thus, this study provided a new strategy for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixian Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruixing Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junbin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyu Luan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Da Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qinghua Hou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guangxian Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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