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Romashin DD, Tolstova TV, Varshaver AM, Kozhin PM, Rusanov AL, Luzgina NG. Keratins 6, 16, and 17 in Health and Disease: A Summary of Recent Findings. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:8627-8641. [PMID: 39194725 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46080508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Keratins 6, 16, and 17 occupy unique positions within the keratin family. These proteins are not commonly found in the healthy, intact epidermis, but their expression increases in response to damage, inflammation, and hereditary skin conditions, as well as cancerous cell transformations and tumor growth. As a result, there is an active investigation into the potential use of these proteins as biomarkers for different pathologies. Recent studies have revealed the role of these keratins in regulating keratinocyte migration, proliferation, and growth, and more recently, their nuclear functions, including their role in maintaining nuclear structure and responding to DNA damage, have also been identified. This review aims to summarize the latest research on keratins 6, 16, and 17, their regulation in the epidermis, and their potential use as biomarkers in various skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter M Kozhin
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow 119121, Russia
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Murthy O G, Lau J, Balasubramaniam R, Frydrych AM, Kujan O. Unraveling the Keratin Expression in Oral Leukoplakia: A Scoping Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5597. [PMID: 38891785 PMCID: PMC11172080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filaments are one of three polymeric structures that form the cytoskeleton of epithelial cells. In the epithelium, these filaments are made up of a variety of keratin proteins. Intermediate filaments complete a wide range of functions in keratinocytes, including maintaining cell structure, cell growth, cell proliferation, cell migration, and more. Given that these functions are intimately associated with the carcinogenic process, and that hyperkeratinization is a quintessential feature of oral leukoplakias, the utility of keratins in oral leukoplakia is yet to be fully explored. This scoping review aims to outline the current knowledge founded on original studies on human tissues regarding the expression and utility of keratins as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers in oral leukoplakias. After using a search strategy developed for several scientific databases, namely, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and OVID, 42 papers met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. One more article was added when it was identified through manually searching the list of references. The included papers were published between 1989 and 2024. Keratins 1-20 were investigated in the 43 included studies, and their expression was assessed in oral leukoplakia and dysplasia cases. Only five studies investigated the prognostic role of keratins in relation to malignant transformation. No studies evaluated keratins as a diagnostic adjunct or predictive tool. Evidence supports the idea that dysplasia disrupts the terminal differentiation pathway of primary keratins. Gain of keratin 17 expression and loss of keratin 13 were significantly observed in differentiated epithelial dysplasia. Also, the keratin 19 extension into suprabasal cells has been associated with the evolving features of dysplasia. The loss of keratin1/keratin 10 has been significantly associated with high-grade dysplasia. The prognostic value of cytokeratins has shown conflicting results, and further studies are required to ascertain their role in predicting the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Omar Kujan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; (G.M.O.); (J.L.); (R.B.); (A.M.F.)
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Sala-Hamrick KE, Tapaswi A, Polemi KM, Nguyen VK, Colacino JA. High-Throughput Transcriptomics of Nontumorigenic Breast Cells Exposed to Environmentally Relevant Chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:47002. [PMID: 38568856 PMCID: PMC10990114 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a suite of chemicals, including metals, pesticides, and personal care product compounds, which are commonly detected at high levels in US Center for Disease Control's National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) chemical biomarker screens. Whether these chemicals influence development of breast cancer is not well understood. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to perform an unbiased concentration-dependent assessment of these chemicals, to quantify differences in cancer-specific genes and pathways, to describe if these differences occur at human population-relevant concentrations, and to specifically test for differences in markers of stemness and cellular plasticity. METHODS We treated nontumorigenic mammary epithelial cells, MCF10A, with 21 chemicals at four concentrations (25 nM , 250 nM , 2.5 μ M , and 25 μ M ) for 48 h. We conducted RNA-sequencing for these 408 samples, adapting the plexWell plate-based RNA-sequencing method to analyze differences in gene expression. We calculated gene and biological pathway-specific benchmark concentrations (BMCs) using BMDExpress3, identifying differentially expressed genes and generating the best fit benchmark concentration models for each chemical across all genes. We identified enriched biological processes and pathways for each chemical and tested whether chemical exposures change predicted cell type distributions. We contextualized benchmark concentrations relative to human population biomarker concentrations in NHANES. RESULTS We detected chemical concentration-dependent differences in gene expression for thousands of genes. Enrichment and cell type distribution analyses showed benchmark concentration responses correlated with differences in breast cancer-related pathways, including induction of basal-like characteristics for some chemicals, including arsenic, lead, copper, and methyl paraben. Comparison of benchmark data to NHANES chemical biomarker (urine or blood) concentrations indicated an overlap between exposure levels and levels sufficient to cause a gene expression response. DISCUSSION These analyses revealed that many of these 21 chemicals resulted in differences in genes and pathways involved in breast cancer in vitro at human exposure-relevant concentrations. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12886.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anagha Tapaswi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Katelyn M. Polemi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Vy K. Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justin A. Colacino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Program in the Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Ganier C, Mazin P, Herrera-Oropeza G, Du-Harpur X, Blakeley M, Gabriel J, Predeus AV, Cakir B, Prete M, Harun N, Darrigrand JF, Haiser A, Wyles S, Shaw T, Teichmann SA, Haniffa M, Watt FM, Lynch MD. Multiscale spatial mapping of cell populations across anatomical sites in healthy human skin and basal cell carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313326120. [PMID: 38165934 PMCID: PMC10786309 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313326120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of how human skin cells differ according to anatomical site and tumour formation is limited. To address this, we have created a multiscale spatial atlas of healthy skin and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), incorporating in vivo optical coherence tomography, single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial global transcriptional profiling, and in situ sequencing. Computational spatial deconvolution and projection revealed the localisation of distinct cell populations to specific tissue contexts. Although cell populations were conserved between healthy anatomical sites and in BCC, mesenchymal cell populations including fibroblasts and pericytes retained signatures of developmental origin. Spatial profiling and in silico lineage tracing support a hair follicle origin for BCC and demonstrate that cancer-associated fibroblasts are an expansion of a POSTN+ subpopulation associated with hair follicles in healthy skin. RGS5+ pericytes are also expanded in BCC suggesting a role in vascular remodelling. We propose that the identity of mesenchymal cell populations is regulated by signals emanating from adjacent structures and that these signals are repurposed to promote the expansion of skin cancer stroma. The resource we have created is publicly available in an interactive format for the research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Ganier
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, LondonSE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Pavel Mazin
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CambridgeCB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel Herrera-Oropeza
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, LondonSE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Xinyi Du-Harpur
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, LondonSE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, LondonNW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Blakeley
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, LondonSE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Jeyrroy Gabriel
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, LondonSE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander V. Predeus
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CambridgeCB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Batuhan Cakir
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CambridgeCB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Prete
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CambridgeCB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Nasrat Harun
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, LondonSE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Francois Darrigrand
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, LondonSE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Haiser
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, LondonSE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Saranya Wyles
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN55905
| | - Tanya Shaw
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King’s College London, LondonSE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah A. Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CambridgeCB10 1SA, United Kingdom
- Theory of Condensed Matter Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CambridgeCB10 1SA, United Kingdom
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon TyneNE1 4LP, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona M. Watt
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, LondonSE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- Directors’ Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg69117, Germany
| | - Magnus D. Lynch
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, LondonSE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, LondonSE1 9RT, United Kingdom
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Wang P, Yang B, Huang H, Liang P, Long B, Chen L, Yang L, Tang L, Huang L, Liang H. HIV gp120/Tat protein-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition promotes the progression of cervical lesions. AIDS Res Ther 2023; 20:82. [PMID: 37981694 PMCID: PMC10657494 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-023-00577-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with an elevated incidence of cervical cancer, and accelerated disease progression, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between HIV infection and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cervical cancer. METHODS Tissue samples from HIV-positive and negative patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer were analyzed for EMT-related proteins. Human cervical cancer SiHa cells were treated with HIV Tat and gp120 proteins to test their effects on EMT, migration, and invasion. RESULTS HIV-positive patients had lower E-cadherin and cytokeratin, and higher N-cadherin and vimentin levels than HIV-negative patients. HIV Tat and gp120 proteins induced EMT, migration, and invasion in SiHa cells. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that, compared to the control group, the protein-treated group showed upregulation of 22 genes and downregulation of 77 genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses revealed the involvement of the Wnt signaling pathway in EMT. Further analysis of gene expression related to this pathway revealed upregulation of DVL1, TCF7, KRT17, and VMAC, while GSK3β, SFRP2, and CDH1 were downregulated. Immunofluorescence assay demonstrated that HIVgp120 and Tat proteins treatment induced elevated β-catenin expression with nuclear accumulation in SiHa cells. CONCLUSIONS The treatment of SiHa cells with HIV Tat and gp120 proteins induces EMT and activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, suggesting that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway may play a crucial role in promoting EMT progression in cervical lesion tissues of HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Baojun Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Huang Huang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Peiyi Liang
- Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Bin Long
- Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Lijie Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Lianhua Tang
- Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Liping Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Huichao Liang
- Department of Gynecology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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Avşar G, Pir P. An integrated study to decipher immunosuppressive cellular communication in the PDAC environment. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2023; 9:56. [PMID: 37945567 PMCID: PMC10636193 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-023-00320-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one the most aggressive cancers and characterized by a highly rigid and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). The extensive cellular interactions are known to play key roles in the immune evasion, chemoresistance, and poor prognosis. Here, we used the spatial transcriptomics, scRNA-seq, and bulk RNA-seq datasets to enhance the insights obtained from each to decipher the cellular communication in the TME. The complex crosstalk in PDAC samples was revealed by the single-cell and spatial transcriptomics profiles of the samples. We show that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the central cell types in the regulation of microenvironment in PDAC. They colocalize with the cancer cells and tumor-suppressor immune cells and take roles to provide an immunosuppressive environment. LGALS9 gene which is upregulated in PDAC tumor samples in comparison to healthy samples was also found to be upregulated in TAMs compared to tumor-suppressor immune cells in cancer samples. Additionally, LGALS9 was found to be the primary component in the crosstalk between TAMs and the other cells. The widespread expression of P4HB gene and its interaction with LGALS9 was also notable. Our findings point to a profound role of TAMs via LGALS9 and its interaction with P4HB that should be considered for further elucidation as target in the combinatory immunotherapies for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülben Avşar
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey.
- Turkish Academy of Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Pınar Pir
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Sokač M, Kjær A, Dyrskjøt L, Haibe-Kains B, JWL Aerts H, Birkbak NJ. Spatial transformation of multi-omics data unlocks novel insights into cancer biology. eLife 2023; 12:RP87133. [PMID: 37669321 PMCID: PMC10479962 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has transformed cancer research. As costs have decreased, NGS has increasingly been applied to generate multiple layers of molecular data from the same samples, covering genomics, transcriptomics, and methylomics. Integrating these types of multi-omics data in a combined analysis is now becoming a common issue with no obvious solution, often handled on an ad hoc basis, with multi-omics data arriving in a tabular format and analyzed using computationally intensive statistical methods. These methods particularly ignore the spatial orientation of the genome and often apply stringent p-value corrections that likely result in the loss of true positive associations. Here, we present GENIUS (GEnome traNsformatIon and spatial representation of mUltiomicS data), a framework for integrating multi-omics data using deep learning models developed for advanced image analysis. The GENIUS framework is able to transform multi-omics data into images with genes displayed as spatially connected pixels and successfully extract relevant information with respect to the desired output. We demonstrate the utility of GENIUS by applying the framework to multi-omics datasets from the Cancer Genome Atlas. Our results are focused on predicting the development of metastatic cancer from primary tumors, and demonstrate how through model inference, we are able to extract the genes which are driving the model prediction and are likely associated with metastatic disease progression. We anticipate our framework to be a starting point and strong proof of concept for multi-omics data transformation and analysis without the need for statistical correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Sokač
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Asbjørn Kjær
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Lars Dyrskjøt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Benjamin Haibe-Kains
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Hugo JWL Aerts
- Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, CARIM & GROW, Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtNetherlands
| | - Nicolai J Birkbak
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Aarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
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Chuang TD, Ton N, Rysling S, Quintanilla D, Boos D, Gao J, McSwiggin H, Yan W, Khorram O. The Influence of Race/Ethnicity on the Transcriptomic Landscape of Uterine Fibroids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13441. [PMID: 37686244 PMCID: PMC10487975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if the aberrant expression of select genes could form the basis for the racial disparity in fibroid characteristics. The next-generation RNA sequencing results were analyzed as fold change [leiomyomas/paired myometrium, also known as differential expression (DF)], comparing specimens from White (n = 7) and Black (n = 12) patients. The analysis indicated that 95 genes were minimally changed in tumors from White (DF ≈ 1) but were significantly altered by more than 1.5-fold (up or down) in Black patients. Twenty-one novel genes were selected for confirmation in 69 paired fibroids by qRT-PCR. Among these 21, coding of transcripts for the differential expression of FRAT2, SOX4, TNFRSF19, ACP7, GRIP1, IRS4, PLEKHG4B, PGR, COL24A1, KRT17, MMP17, SLN, CCDC177, FUT2, MYO5B, MYOG, ZNF703, CDC25A, and CDCA7 was significantly higher, while the expression of DAB2 and CAV2 was significantly lower in tumors from Black or Hispanic patients compared with tumors from White patients. Western blot analysis revealed a greater differential expression of PGR-A and total progesterone (PGR-A and PGR-B) in tumors from Black compared with tumors from White patients. Collectively, we identified a set of genes uniquely expressed in a race/ethnicity-dependent manner, which could form the underlying mechanisms for the racial disparity in fibroids and their associated symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Der Chuang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA;
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA; (N.T.); (S.R.); (D.Q.); (D.B.); (J.G.); (H.M.); (W.Y.)
| | - Nhu Ton
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA; (N.T.); (S.R.); (D.Q.); (D.B.); (J.G.); (H.M.); (W.Y.)
| | - Shawn Rysling
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA; (N.T.); (S.R.); (D.Q.); (D.B.); (J.G.); (H.M.); (W.Y.)
| | - Derek Quintanilla
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA; (N.T.); (S.R.); (D.Q.); (D.B.); (J.G.); (H.M.); (W.Y.)
| | - Drake Boos
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA; (N.T.); (S.R.); (D.Q.); (D.B.); (J.G.); (H.M.); (W.Y.)
| | - Jianjun Gao
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA; (N.T.); (S.R.); (D.Q.); (D.B.); (J.G.); (H.M.); (W.Y.)
| | - Hayden McSwiggin
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA; (N.T.); (S.R.); (D.Q.); (D.B.); (J.G.); (H.M.); (W.Y.)
| | - Wei Yan
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA; (N.T.); (S.R.); (D.Q.); (D.B.); (J.G.); (H.M.); (W.Y.)
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Omid Khorram
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA;
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, CA 90502, USA; (N.T.); (S.R.); (D.Q.); (D.B.); (J.G.); (H.M.); (W.Y.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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LncRNA NR120519 Blocks KRT17 to Promote Cell Proliferation and Migration in Hypopharyngeal Squamous Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030603. [PMID: 36765563 PMCID: PMC9913485 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypopharyngeal carcinoma is the worst type of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. It is necessary to identify the key molecular targets related to the carcinogenesis and development of hypopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS Differentially expressed lncRNAs in hypopharyngeal carcinoma were selected by microarray, and lncRNA-associated proteins were found by RIP assay. Colony formation, CCK-8, wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to detect the effects of lncRNA and its associated protein on cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Downstream pathways of lncRNA and its associated protein were detected by WB. Through a subcutaneous tumor model, the effects of lncRNA and its associated protein on cell proliferation were detected. The expressions of lncRNA and its associated protein in hypopharyngeal cancer tissues were detected by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry assays, respectively, and survival analyses were performed by Kaplan-Meier curve. RESULTS A total of 542 and 265 lncRNAs were upregulated and downregulated in microarrays, respectively. LncRNA NR120519 was upregulated and promoted cell proliferation and migration of hypopharyngeal carcinoma in vitro and cell proliferation in vivo. RIP and WB assays showed that KRT17 was associated with and blocked by NR120519.The silencing of KRT17 promoted cell proliferation and the migration of hypopharyngeal carcinoma in vitro and cell proliferation in vivo by activating the AKT/mTOR pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT). Finally, the NR120519 high expression and KRT17 low expression groups showed shorter overall survival. CONCLUSION NR120519 activated the AKT/mTOR pathway and EMT by blocking KRT17 to promote cell proliferation and the migration of hypopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Boricic N, Boricic I, Soldatovic I, Milovanovic J, Trivic A, Terzic T. Utility of CK8, CK10, CK13, and CK17 in Differential Diagnostics of Benign Lesions, Laryngeal Dysplasia, and Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123203. [PMID: 36553210 PMCID: PMC9777365 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no reliable immunohistochemical markers for diagnosing laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or diagnosing and grading laryngeal dysplasia. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of CK8, CK10, CK13, and CK17 in benign laryngeal lesions, laryngeal dysplasia, and laryngeal SCC. This retrospective study included 151 patients diagnosed with laryngeal papilloma, laryngeal polyps, laryngeal dysplasia, and laryngeal SCC who underwent surgical treatment between 2010 and 2020. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was carried out using specific monoclonal antibodies against CK8, CK10, CK13, and CK17. Two experienced pathologists performed semi-quantitative scoring of IHC positivity. The diagnostic significance of the markers was analyzed. CK13 showed a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 82.5% for distinguishing between laryngeal SCC and laryngeal dysplasia and benign lesions. CK17 showed a sensitivity of 78.3% and specificity of 57.1% for the detection of laryngeal SCC vs. laryngeal dysplasia. CK10 showed a sensitivity of 80.0% for discriminating between low-grade and high-grade dysplasia, and a specificity of 61.1%. Loss of CK13 expression is a reliable diagnostic tool for diagnosing laryngeal lesions with malignant potential and determining resection lines. In lesions with diminished CK13 expression, CK17 could be used as an auxiliary immunohistochemical marker in diagnosing laryngeal SCC. In CK13-negative and CK17-positive lesions, CK10 positivity could be used to determine low-grade dysplasia. CK8 is not a useful IHC marker in differentiating between benign laryngeal lesions, laryngeal dysplasia, and laryngeal SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novica Boricic
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ivan Boricic
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Soldatovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovica Milovanovic
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Centre Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Trivic
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Centre Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Terzic
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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