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Kraski A, Mousavi S, Heimesaat MM, Bereswill S, Einspanier R, Alter T, Gölz G, Sharbati S. miR-125a-5p regulates the sialyltransferase ST3GAL1 in murine model of human intestinal campylobacteriosis. Gut Pathog 2023; 15:48. [PMID: 37848994 PMCID: PMC10583435 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-023-00577-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zoonotic microorganisms are increasingly impacting human health worldwide. Due to the development of the global population, humans and animals live in shared and progressively crowded ecosystems, which enhances the risk of zoonoses. Although Campylobacter species are among the most important bacterial zoonotic agents worldwide, the molecular mechanisms of many host and pathogen factors involved in colonisation and infection are poorly understood. Campylobacter jejuni colonises the crypts of the human colon and causes acute inflammatory processes. The mucus and associated proteins play a central host-protective role in this process. The aim of this study was to explore the regulation of specific glycosyltransferase genes relevant to differential mucin-type O-glycosylation that could influence host colonisation and infection by C. jejuni. RESULTS Since microRNAs are known to be important regulators of the mammalian host cell response to bacterial infections, we focussed on the role of miR-125a-5p in C. jejuni infection. Combining in vitro and in vivo approaches, we show that miR-125a-5p regulates the expression of the sialyltransferase ST3GAL1 in an infection-dependent manner. The protein ST3GAL1 shows markedly increased intestinal levels in infected mice, with enhanced distribution in the mucosal epithelial layer in contrast to naïve mice. CONCLUSION From our previous studies and the data presented here, we conclude that miR-125a-5p and the previously reported miR-615-3p are involved in regulating the glycosylation patterns of relevant host cell response proteins during C. jejuni infection. The miRNA-dependent modulation of mucin-type O-glycosylation could be part of the mucosal immune response, but also a pathogen-driven modification that allows colonisation and infection of the mammalian host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Kraski
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Soraya Mousavi
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus M Heimesaat
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Bereswill
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Einspanier
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Alter
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Greta Gölz
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Soroush Sharbati
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Zhou Y, Huang X, Yu H, Shi H, Chen M, Song J, Tang W, Teng F, Li C, Yi L, Zhu X, Wang N, Wei Y, Wuniqiemu T, Dong J. TMT-based quantitative proteomics revealed protective efficacy of Icariside II against airway inflammation and remodeling via inhibiting LAMP2, CTSD and CTSS expression in OVA-induced chronic asthma mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 118:154941. [PMID: 37451150 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder in airways with typical pathologic features of airflow limitation, airway inflammation and remodeling. Icariside II (IS), derived from herbal medicine Herba Epimedii, exerts an anti-inflammatory property. However, underlying mechanisms with specifically targeted molecular expression by IS in asthma have not been fully understood, and whether IS could inhibit remodeling and EMT still remains unclear. PURPOSE The study aimed to clarify therapeutic efficacy of IS for attenuating airway inflammation and remodeling in asthma, and illustrate IS-regulated specific pathway and target proteins through TMT-based quantitative proteomics. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Murine model of chronic asthma was constructed with ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and then challenge for 8 weeks. Pulmonary function, leukocyte count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), lung histopathology, inflammatory and fibrotic cytokines, and markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were evaluated. TMT-based quantitative proteomics were performed on lung tissues to explore IS-regulated proteins. RESULTS IS contributed to alleviative airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) evidenced by declined RL and increased Cdyn. After IS treatment, we observed a remarked down-regulation of leukocyte count, inflammatory cytokines in BALF, and peribronchial inflammation infiltration. Goblet cell hyperplasia, mucus secretion and peribronchial collagen deposition were attenuated, with the level of TGF-β and MMP-9 in BALF declined. Furthermore, IS induced a rise of Occludin and E-cadherin and a decline of N-cadherin and α-SMA in lung tissues. These results proved the protective property of IS against airway inflammation, remodeling and EMT. To further investigate underlying mechanisms of IS in asthma treatment, TMT-based quantitative proteomics were performed and 102 overlapped DEPs regulated by IS were identified. KEGG enrichment exhibited these DEPs were enriched in lysosome, phagosome and autophagy, in which LAMP2, CTSD and CTSS were common DEPs. WB, q-PCR and IHC results proofed expressional alteration of these proteins. Besides, IS could decrease Beclin-1 and LC3B expression with increasing p62 expression thus inhibiting autophagy. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated IS could ameliorate AHR, airway inflammation, remodeling and EMT in OVA-induced chronic asthma mice. Our research was the first to reveal that inhibition of LAMP2, CTSD and CTSS expression in autophagy contributed to the therapeutic efficacy of IS to asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaolong Zhou
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanlin Shi
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengmeng Chen
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingrong Song
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Tang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangzhou Teng
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Congcong Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - La Yi
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueyi Zhu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tulake Wuniqiemu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Hasankhani A, Bahrami A, Mackie S, Maghsoodi S, Alawamleh HSK, Sheybani N, Safarpoor Dehkordi F, Rajabi F, Javanmard G, Khadem H, Barkema HW, De Donato M. In-depth systems biological evaluation of bovine alveolar macrophages suggests novel insights into molecular mechanisms underlying Mycobacterium bovis infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1041314. [PMID: 36532492 PMCID: PMC9748370 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1041314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic respiratory infectious disease of domestic livestock caused by intracellular Mycobacterium bovis infection, which causes ~$3 billion in annual losses to global agriculture. Providing novel tools for bTB managements requires a comprehensive understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the M. bovis infection. Nevertheless, a combination of different bioinformatics and systems biology methods was used in this study in order to clearly understand the molecular regulatory mechanisms of bTB, especially the immunomodulatory mechanisms of M. bovis infection. Methods RNA-seq data were retrieved and processed from 78 (39 non-infected control vs. 39 M. bovis-infected samples) bovine alveolar macrophages (bAMs). Next, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify the co-expression modules in non-infected control bAMs as reference set. The WGCNA module preservation approach was then used to identify non-preserved modules between non-infected controls and M. bovis-infected samples (test set). Additionally, functional enrichment analysis was used to investigate the biological behavior of the non-preserved modules and to identify bTB-specific non-preserved modules. Co-expressed hub genes were identified based on module membership (MM) criteria of WGCNA in the non-preserved modules and then integrated with protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks to identify co-expressed hub genes/transcription factors (TFs) with the highest maximal clique centrality (MCC) score (hub-central genes). Results As result, WGCNA analysis led to the identification of 21 modules in the non-infected control bAMs (reference set), among which the topological properties of 14 modules were altered in the M. bovis-infected bAMs (test set). Interestingly, 7 of the 14 non-preserved modules were directly related to the molecular mechanisms underlying the host immune response, immunosuppressive mechanisms of M. bovis, and bTB development. Moreover, among the co-expressed hub genes and TFs of the bTB-specific non-preserved modules, 260 genes/TFs had double centrality in both co-expression and PPI networks and played a crucial role in bAMs-M. bovis interactions. Some of these hub-central genes/TFs, including PSMC4, SRC, BCL2L1, VPS11, MDM2, IRF1, CDKN1A, NLRP3, TLR2, MMP9, ZAP70, LCK, TNF, CCL4, MMP1, CTLA4, ITK, IL6, IL1A, IL1B, CCL20, CD3E, NFKB1, EDN1, STAT1, TIMP1, PTGS2, TNFAIP3, BIRC3, MAPK8, VEGFA, VPS18, ICAM1, TBK1, CTSS, IL10, ACAA1, VPS33B, and HIF1A, had potential targets for inducing immunomodulatory mechanisms by M. bovis to evade the host defense response. Conclusion The present study provides an in-depth insight into the molecular regulatory mechanisms behind M. bovis infection through biological investigation of the candidate non-preserved modules directly related to bTB development. Furthermore, several hub-central genes/TFs were identified that were significant in determining the fate of M. bovis infection and could be promising targets for developing novel anti-bTB therapies and diagnosis strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliakbar Hasankhani
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Bahrami
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
- Biomedical Center for Systems Biology Science Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Shayan Mackie
- Faculty of Science, Earth Sciences Building, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sairan Maghsoodi
- Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Heba Saed Kariem Alawamleh
- Department of Basic Scientific Sciences, AL-Balqa Applied University, AL-Huson University College, AL-Huson, Jordan
| | - Negin Sheybani
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Safarpoor Dehkordi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rajabi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Javanmard
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hosein Khadem
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Herman W. Barkema
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marcos De Donato
- Regional Department of Bioengineering, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
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Nisa A, Kipper FC, Panigrahy D, Tiwari S, Kupz A, Subbian S. Different modalities of host cell death and their impact on Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1444-C1474. [PMID: 36189975 PMCID: PMC9662802 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00246.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the pathogen that causes tuberculosis (TB), a leading infectious disease of humans worldwide. One of the main histopathological hallmarks of TB is the formation of granulomas comprised of elaborately organized aggregates of immune cells containing the pathogen. Dissemination of Mtb from infected cells in the granulomas due to host and mycobacterial factors induces multiple cell death modalities in infected cells. Based on molecular mechanism, morphological characteristics, and signal dependency, there are two main categories of cell death: programmed and nonprogrammed. Programmed cell death (PCD), such as apoptosis and autophagy, is associated with a protective response to Mtb by keeping the bacteria encased within dead macrophages that can be readily phagocytosed by arriving in uninfected or neighboring cells. In contrast, non-PCD necrotic cell death favors the pathogen, resulting in bacterial release into the extracellular environment. Multiple types of cell death in the PCD category, including pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, ETosis, parthanatos, and PANoptosis, may be involved in Mtb infection. Since PCD pathways are essential for host immunity to Mtb, therapeutic compounds targeting cell death signaling pathways have been experimentally tested for TB treatment. This review summarizes different modalities of Mtb-mediated host cell deaths, the molecular mechanisms underpinning host cell death during Mtb infection, and its potential implications for host immunity. In addition, targeting host cell death pathways as potential therapeutic and preventive approaches against Mtb infection is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annuurun Nisa
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Franciele C Kipper
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dipak Panigrahy
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sangeeta Tiwari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center (BBRC), University of Texas, El Paso, Texas
| | - Andreas Kupz
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
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Anes E, Pires D, Mandal M, Azevedo-Pereira JM. Spatial localization of cathepsins: Implications in immune activation and resolution during infections. Front Immunol 2022; 13:955407. [PMID: 35990632 PMCID: PMC9382241 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.955407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsins were first described, as endolysosomal proteolytic enzymes in reference to the organelles where they degrade the bulk of endogenous and exogenous substrates in a slightly acidic environment. These substrates include pathogens internalized via endocytosis and/or marked for destruction by autophagy. However, the role of cathepsins during infection far exceeds that of direct digestion of the pathogen. Cathepsins have been extensively investigated in the context of tumour associated immune cells and chronic inflammation. Several cathepsin-dependent immune responses develop in the endocytic pathway while others take place in the cytosol, the nucleus, or in the extracellular space. In this review we highlight the spatial localization of cathepsins and their implications in immune activation and resolution pathways during infection.
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Involvement of Cathepsins Protein in Mycobacterial Infection and Its Future Prospect as a Therapeutic Target. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10385-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ibeagha-Awemu EM, Bissonnette N, Bhattarai S, Wang M, Dudemaine PL, McKay S, Zhao X. Whole Genome Methylation Analysis Reveals Role of DNA Methylation in Cow's Ileal and Ileal Lymph Node Responses to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Infection. Front Genet 2021; 12:797490. [PMID: 34992636 PMCID: PMC8724574 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.797490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Johne's Disease (JD), caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP), is an incurable disease of ruminants and other animal species and is characterized by an imbalance of gut immunity. The role of MAP infection on the epigenetic modeling of gut immunity during the progression of JD is still unknown. This study investigated the DNA methylation patterns in ileal (IL) and ileal lymph node (ILLN) tissues from cows diagnosed with persistent subclinical MAP infection over a one to 4 years period. DNA samples from IL and ILLN tissues from cows negative (MAPneg) (n = 3) or positive for MAP infection (MAPinf) (n = 4) were subjected to whole genome bisulfite sequencing. A total of 11,263 and 62,459 differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs), and 1259 and 8086 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) (FDR<0.1) were found between MAPinf and MAPneg IL and ILLN tissues, respectively. The DMRs were found on 394 genes (denoted DMR genes) in the IL and on 1305 genes in the ILLN. DMR genes with hypermethylated promoters/5'UTR [3 (IL) and 88 (ILLN)] or hypomethylated promoters/5'UTR [10 (IL) and 25 (ILLN)] and having multiple functions including response to stimulus/immune response (BLK, BTC, CCL21, AVPR1A, CHRNG, GABRA4, TDGF1), cellular processes (H2AC20, TEX101, GLA, NCKAP5L, RBM27, SLC18A1, H2AC20BARHL2, NLGN3, SUV39H1, GABRA4, PPA1, UBE2D2) and metabolic processes (GSTO2, H2AC20, SUV39H1, PPA1, UBE2D2) are potential DNA methylation candidate genes of MAP infection. The ILLN DMR genes were enriched for more biological process (BP) gene ontology (GO) terms (n = 374), most of which were related to cellular processes (27.6%), biological regulation (16.6%), metabolic processes (15.4%) and response to stimulus/immune response (8.2%) compared to 75 BP GO terms (related to cellular processes, metabolic processes and transport, and system development) enriched for IL DMR genes. ILLN DMR genes were enriched for more pathways (n = 47) including 13 disease pathways compared with 36 enriched pathways, including 7 disease/immune pathways for IL DMR genes. In conclusion, the results show tissue specific responses to MAP infection with more epigenetic changes (DMCs and DMRs) in the ILLN than in the IL tissue, suggesting that the ILLN and immune processes were more responsive to regulation by methylation of DNA relative to IL tissue. Our data is the first to demonstrate a potential role for DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of MAP infection in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline M. Ibeagha-Awemu
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bissonnette
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Suraj Bhattarai
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Pier-Luc Dudemaine
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie McKay
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-Be-Bellevue, QC, Canada
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Anes E, Azevedo-Pereira JM, Pires D. Cathepsins and Their Endogenous Inhibitors in Host Defense During Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:726984. [PMID: 34421929 PMCID: PMC8371317 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.726984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The moment a very old bacterial pathogen met a young virus from the 80's defined the beginning of a tragic syndemic for humanity. Such is the case for the causative agent of tuberculosis and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Syndemic is by definition a convergence of more than one disease resulting in magnification of their burden. Both pathogens work synergistically contributing to speed up the replication of each other. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and HIV infections are in the 21st century among the leaders of morbidity and mortality of humankind. There is an urgent need for development of new approaches for prevention, better diagnosis, and new therapies for both infections. Moreover, these approaches should consider Mtb and HIV as a co-infection, rather than just as separate problems, to prevent further aggravation of the HIV-TB syndemic. Both pathogens manipulate the host immune responses to establish chronic infections in intracellular niches of their host cells. This includes manipulation of host relevant antimicrobial proteases such as cathepsins or their endogenous inhibitors. Here we discuss recent understanding on how Mtb and HIV interact with cathepsins and their inhibitors in their multifactorial functions during the pathogenesis of both infections. Particularly we will address the role on pathogen transmission, during establishment of intracellular chronic niches and in granuloma clinical outcome and tuberculosis diagnosis. This area of research will open new avenues for the design of innovative therapies and diagnostic interventions so urgently needed to fight this threat to humanity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Anes
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Miguel Azevedo-Pereira
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - David Pires
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Xi D, Hofmann L, Alter T, Einspanier R, Bereswill S, Heimesaat MM, Gölz G, Sharbati S. The glycosyltransferase ST3GAL2 is regulated by miR-615-3p in the intestinal tract of Campylobacter jejuni infected mice. Gut Pathog 2021; 13:42. [PMID: 34183045 PMCID: PMC8240225 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-021-00437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) infections are of increasing importance worldwide. As a typical mucosal pathogen, the interaction of C. jejuni with mucins is a prominent step in the colonisation of mucosal surfaces. Despite recent advances in understanding the interaction between bacterial pathogens and host mucins, the mechanisms of mucin glycosylation during intestinal C. jejuni infection remain largely unclear. This prompted us to identify relevant regulatory networks that are concerted by miRNAs and could play a role in the mucin modification and interaction. Results We firstly used a human intestinal in vitro model, in which we observed altered transcription of MUC2 and TFF3 upon C. jejuni NCTC 11168 infection. Using a combined approach consisting of in silico analysis together with in vitro expression analysis, we identified the conserved miRNAs miR-125a-5p and miR-615-3p associated with MUC2 and TFF3. Further pathway analyses showed that both miRNAs appear to regulate glycosyltransferases, which are related to the KEGG pathway ‘Mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis’. To validate the proposed interactions, we applied an in vivo approach utilising a well-established secondary abiotic IL-10−/− mouse model for infection with C. jejuni 81-176. In colonic tissue samples, we confirmed infection-dependent aberrant transcription of MUC2 and TFF3. Moreover, two predicted glycosyltransferases, the sialyltransferases ST3GAL1 and ST3GAL2, exhibited inversely correlated transcriptional levels compared to the expression of the identified miRNAs miR-125a-5p and miR-615-3p, respectively. In this study, we mainly focused on the interaction between miR-615-3p and ST3GAL2 and were able to demonstrate their molecular interaction using luciferase reporter assays and RNAi. Detection of ST3GAL2 in murine colonic tissue by immunofluorescence demonstrated reduced intensity after C. jejuni 81-176 infection and was thus consistent with the observations made above. Conclusions We report here for the first time the regulation of glycosyltransferases by miRNAs during murine infection with C. jejuni 81-176. Our data suggest that mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis is concerted by the interplay of miRNAs and glycosyltransferases, which could determine the shape of intestinal glycosylated proteins during infection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13099-021-00437-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Xi
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Hofmann
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Alter
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Einspanier
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Bereswill
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus M Heimesaat
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Greta Gölz
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Soroush Sharbati
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Schmerer N, Schulte LN. Long noncoding RNAs in bacterial infection. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2021; 12:e1664. [PMID: 33989449 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Infectious and inflammatory diseases remain major causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. To combat bacterial infections, the mammalian immune system employs a myriad of regulators, which secure the effective initiation of inflammatory responses while preventing pathologies due to overshooting immunity. Recently, the human genome has been shown to be pervasively transcribed and to generate thousands of still poorly characterized long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). A growing body of literature suggests that lncRNAs play important roles in the regulatory circuitries controlling innate and adaptive immune responses to bacterial pathogens. This review provides an overview of the roles of lncRNAs in the interaction of human and rodent host cells with bacterial pathogens. Further decoding of the lncRNA networks that underlie pathological inflammation and immune subversion could provide new insights into the host cell mechanisms and microbial strategies that determine the outcome of bacterial infections. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Schmerer
- Institute for Lung Research, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Leon N Schulte
- Institute for Lung Research, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
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11
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Szulc-Dąbrowska L, Bossowska-Nowicka M, Struzik J, Toka FN. Cathepsins in Bacteria-Macrophage Interaction: Defenders or Victims of Circumstance? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:601072. [PMID: 33344265 PMCID: PMC7746538 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.601072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the first encounters of invading bacteria and are responsible for engulfing and digesting pathogens through phagocytosis leading to initiation of the innate inflammatory response. Intracellular digestion occurs through a close relationship between phagocytic/endocytic and lysosomal pathways, in which proteolytic enzymes, such as cathepsins, are involved. The presence of cathepsins in the endo-lysosomal compartment permits direct interaction with and killing of bacteria, and may contribute to processing of bacterial antigens for presentation, an event necessary for the induction of antibacterial adaptive immune response. Therefore, it is not surprising that bacteria can control the expression and proteolytic activity of cathepsins, including their inhibitors – cystatins, to favor their own intracellular survival in macrophages. In this review, we summarize recent developments in defining the role of cathepsins in bacteria-macrophage interaction and describe important strategies engaged by bacteria to manipulate cathepsin expression and activity in macrophages. Particularly, we focus on specific bacterial species due to their clinical relevance to humans and animal health, i.e., Mycobacterium, Mycoplasma, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Salmonella, Shigella, Francisella, Chlamydia, Listeria, Brucella, Helicobacter, Neisseria, and other genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Szulc-Dąbrowska
- Division of Immunology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wejskiego, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bossowska-Nowicka
- Division of Immunology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wejskiego, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Struzik
- Division of Immunology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wejskiego, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Felix N Toka
- Division of Immunology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wejskiego, Warsaw, Poland.,Center for Integrative Mammalian Research, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
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12
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Pawar K, Shigematsu M, Sharbati S, Kirino Y. Infection-induced 5'-half molecules of tRNAHisGUG activate Toll-like receptor 7. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000982. [PMID: 33332353 PMCID: PMC7745994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in the innate immune response. Although endosomal TLR7 recognizes single-stranded RNAs, their endogenous RNA ligands have not been fully explored. Here, we report 5'-tRNA half molecules as abundant activators of TLR7. Mycobacterial infection and accompanying surface TLR activation up-regulate the expression of 5'-tRNA half molecules in human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs). The abundant accumulation of 5'-tRNA halves also occur in HMDM-secreted extracellular vehicles (EVs); the abundance of EV-5'-tRNAHisGUG half molecules is >200-fold higher than that of the most abundant EV-microRNA (miRNA). Sequence identification of the 5'-tRNA halves using cP-RNA-seq revealed abundant and selective packaging of specific 5'-tRNA half species into EVs. The EV-5'-tRNAHisGUG half was experimentally demonstrated to be delivered into endosomes in recipient cells and to activate endosomal TLR7. Up-regulation of the 5'-tRNA half molecules was also observed in the plasma of patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These results unveil a novel tRNA-engaged pathway in the innate immune response and assign the role of "immune activators" to 5'-tRNA half molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh Pawar
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Megumi Shigematsu
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Soroush Sharbati
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yohei Kirino
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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13
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The role of non-coding RNA on macrophage modification in tuberculosis infection. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104592. [PMID: 33098931 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), a serious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains the world's top infectious killer. It is well-established that TB can circumvent the host's immune response for long-term survival. Macrophages serve as the major host cells for TB growth and persistence and their altered functions are critical for the response of the host defense against TB exposure (elimination, latency, reactivation, and bacillary dissemination). Noncoding RNAs are crucial posttranscriptional regulators of macrophage discrimination. Therefore, this review highlights the regulatory mechanism underlying the relationship between noncoding RNAs and macrophages in TB infection, which may facilitate the identification of potential therapeutic targets and effective diagnosis biomarkers for TB disease.
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14
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Bickett TE, McLean J, Creissen E, Izzo L, Hagan C, Izzo AJ, Silva Angulo F, Izzo AA. Characterizing the BCG Induced Macrophage and Neutrophil Mechanisms for Defense Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1202. [PMID: 32625209 PMCID: PMC7314953 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The live attenuated Mycobacterium bovis strain, Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) is a potent innate immune stimulator. In the C57BL/6 mouse model of tuberculosis, BCG vaccination leads to a significant reduction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis burden after aerogenic infection. Our studies indicated that BCG induced protection against pulmonary tuberculosis was independent of T cells and present as early as 7 days after vaccination. This protection showed longevity, as it did not wane when conventional T cell and TNF-α deficient mice were infected 30 days post-vaccination. As BCG induced mycobacterial killing after 7 days, this study investigated the contributions of the innate immune system after BCG vaccination to better understand mechanisms required for mycobacterial killing. Subcutaneous BCG inoculation resulted in significant CD11b+F4/80+ monocyte subset recruitment into the lungs within 7 days. Further studies revealed that killing of mycobacteria was dependent on the viability of BCG, because irradiated BCG did not have the same effect. Although others have identified BCG as a facilitator of trained innate immunity, we found that BCG reduced the mycobacterial burden in the absence of mechanisms required for trained innate immunity, highlighting a role for macrophages and neutrophils for vaccine induced killing of M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Bickett
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Pathology, Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Jennifer McLean
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Pathology, Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth Creissen
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Pathology, Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Linda Izzo
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Pathology, Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Cassidy Hagan
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Pathology, Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Antonio J Izzo
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Pathology, Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Fabiola Silva Angulo
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Pathology, Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Angelo A Izzo
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Pathology, Cell and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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15
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Silwal P, Kim YS, Basu J, Jo EK. The roles of microRNAs in regulation of autophagy during bacterial infection. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 101:51-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Zeng B, Li K, Yang Z, Wang H, Wang C, Huang P, Pan Y. Isoimperatorin (ISO) reduces melanin content in keratinocytes via miR-3619/CSTB and miR-3619/CSTD axes. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:1436-1443. [PMID: 32299303 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1751581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Melanin metabolism disorders may cause severe impacts on the psychological and social activities of patients. Different from the other two steps of melanin metabolism, namely synthesis and transport, little has been known about the mechanism of melanin degradation. Isoimperatorin (ISO) suppressed the activity of tyrosinase, an essential enzyme in melanin biosynthesis, hence, we investigated the effects and mechanism of ISO in melanin reduction. ISO stimulation significantly reduces the melanin contents and PMEL 17 protein levels; meanwhile, the activity and the protein levels of two critical lysosomal enzymes, Cathepsin B and Cathepsin D, can be significantly increased by ISO treatment. MiR-3619 inhibited the expression of CSTB and CSTD, therefore affecting ISO-induced degradation of melanin. In summary, ISO reduces the melanin content via miR-3619/CSTB and miR-3619/CSTD axes. ISO could be a potent skin-whitening agent, which needs further in vivo and clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijun Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, the Domestic First-class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, the Domestic First-class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhibo Yang
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, the Domestic First-class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haizhen Wang
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, the Domestic First-class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, the Domestic First-class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pan Huang
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, the Domestic First-class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine , Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, the Domestic First-class Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine , Changsha, Hunan, China
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17
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Xi D, Alter T, Einspanier R, Sharbati S, Gölz G. Campylobacter jejuni genes Cj1492c and Cj1507c are involved in host cell adhesion and invasion. Gut Pathog 2020; 12:8. [PMID: 32064001 PMCID: PMC7011364 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-020-00347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) has been assigned as an important food-borne pathogen for human health but many pathogenicity factors of C. jejuni and human host cell responses related to the infection have not yet been adequately clarified. This study aimed to determine further C. jejuni pathogenicity factors and virulence genes based on a random mutagenesis approach. A transposon mutant library of C. jejuni NCTC 11168 was constructed and the ability of individual mutants to adhere to and invade human intestinal epithelial cells was evaluated compared to the wild type. We identified two mutants of C. jejuni possessing altered phenotypes with transposon insertions in the genes Cj1492c and Cj1507c. Cj1492c is annotated as a two-component sensor and Cj1507c is described as a regulatory protein. However, functions of both mutated genes are not clarified so far. Results In comparison to the wild type, Cj::1492c and Cj::1507c showed around 70-80% relative motility and Cj::1492c had around 3-times enhanced adhesion and invasion rates whereas Cj::1507c had significantly impaired adhesive and invasive capability. Moreover, Cj::1492c had a longer lag phase and slower growth rate while Cj::1507c showed similar growth compared to the wild type. Between 5 and 24 h post infection, more than 60% of the intracellular wild type C. jejuni were eliminated in HT-29/B6 cells, however, significantly fewer mutants were able to survive intracellularly. Nevertheless, no difference in host cell viability and induction of the pro-inflammatory chemokine IL-8 were determined between both mutants and the wild type. Conclusion We conclude that genes regulated by Cj1507c have an impact on efficient adhesion, invasion and intracellular survival of C. jejuni in HT-29/B6 cells. Furthermore, potential signal sensing by Cj1492c seems to lead to limiting attachment and hence internalisation of C. jejuni. However, as the intracellular survival capacities are reduced, we suggest that signal sensing by Cj1492c impacts several processes related to pathogenicity of C. jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Xi
- 1Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Alter
- 2Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Einspanier
- 1Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Soroush Sharbati
- 1Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Greta Gölz
- 2Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Jia W, Jia S, Chen P, He Y. Construction and Analysis of a Long Non-Coding RNA (lncRNA)-Associated ceRNA Network in β-Thalassemia and Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:7079-7086. [PMID: 31541070 PMCID: PMC6767942 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Higher fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels can ameliorate the clinical severity of β-thalassemia. The use of integrative strategies to combine results from gene microarray expression profiling, experimental evidence, and bioinformatics helps reveal functional long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in β-thalassemia and HbF induction. Material/Methods In a previous study, a microarray profiling was performed of 7 individuals with high HbF levels and 7 normal individuals. Thirteen paired samples were used for validation. lncRNA NR_001589 and uc002fcj.1 were chosen for further research. The quantitative reverse transcription-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of 2 lncRNAs. The Spearman correlation test was employed. The nuclear and cytoplasmic distribution experiment in K562 cells was used to verify the subcellular localization of 2 lncRNAs. Potential relationships among lncRNAs, predicted microRNAs (miRNAs), and target gene HBG1/2 were based on competitive endogenous RNA theory and bioinformatics analysis. Results Average expression levels of NR_001589 and uc002fcj.1 were significantly higher in the high-HbF group than in the control group. A positive correlation existed between NR_001589, uc002fcj.1, and HbF. The expression of NR_001589 was in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus, mostly (77%) in the cytoplasm. The expression of uc002fcj.1 was in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus; the cytoplasmic proportion was 43% of the total amount. A triple lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was established. Conclusions Novel candidate genetic factors associated with the HBG1/2 expression were identified. Further functional investigation of NR_001589 and uc002fcj.1 can help deepen the understanding of molecular mechanisms in β-thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Research, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Siyuan Jia
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Research, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yunyan He
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Research, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
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19
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Agliano F, Rathinam VA, Medvedev AE, Vanaja SK, Vella AT. Long Noncoding RNAs in Host-Pathogen Interactions. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:492-510. [PMID: 31053495 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key molecules that regulate gene expression in a variety of organisms. LncRNAs can drive different transcriptional and post-transcriptional events that impact cellular functions. Recent studies have identified many lncRNAs associated with immune cell development and activation; however, an understanding of their functional role in host immunity to infection is just emerging. Here, we provide a detailed and updated review of the functional roles of lncRNAs in regulating mammalian immune responses during host-pathogen interactions, because these functions may be either beneficial or detrimental to the host. With increased mechanistic insight into the roles of lncRNAs, it may be possible to design and/or improve lncRNA-based therapies to treat a variety of infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Agliano
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Vijay A Rathinam
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Andrei E Medvedev
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Sivapriya Kailasan Vanaja
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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20
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Mohareer K, Asalla S, Banerjee S. Cell death at the cross roads of host-pathogen interaction in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 113:99-121. [PMID: 30514519 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be the leading cause of death by any single infectious agent, accounting for around 1.7 million annual deaths globally, despite several interventions and support programs by national and international agencies. With the development of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), there has been a paradigm shift in TB research towards host-directed therapy. The potential targets include the interactions between host and bacterial proteins that are crucial for pathogenesis. Hence, collective efforts are being made to understand the molecular details of host-pathogen interaction for possible translation into host-directed therapy. The present review focuses on 'host cell death modalities' of host-pathogen interaction, which play a crucial role in determining the outcome of TB disease progression. Several cell death modalities that occur in response to mycobacterial infection have been identified in human macrophages either as host defences for bacterial clearance or as pathogen strategies for multiplication and dissemination. These cell death modalities include apoptosis, necrosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, pyronecrosis, NETosis, and autophagy. These processes are highly overlapping with several mycobacterial proteins participating in more than one cell death pathway. Until now, reviews in M. tb and host cell death have discussed either focusing on host evasion strategies, apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis or describing all these forms with limited discussions of their role in host-pathogen interactions. Here, we present a comprehensive review of various mycobacterial factors modulating host cell death pathways and the cross-talk between them. Besides this, we have discussed the networking of host cell death pathways including the interference of host miRNA during M. tb infection with their respective targets. Through this review, we present the host targets that overlap across several cell death modalities and the technical limitations of methodology in cell death research. Given the compelling need to discover alternative drug target(s), this review identifies these overlapping cell death factors as potential targets for host-directed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnaveni Mohareer
- Molecular Pathogenesis Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India-500046
| | - Suman Asalla
- Molecular Pathogenesis Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India-500046
| | - Sharmistha Banerjee
- Molecular Pathogenesis Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India-500046.
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21
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Sorbara MT, Foerster EG, Tsalikis J, Abdel-Nour M, Mangiapane J, Sirluck-Schroeder I, Tattoli I, van Dalen R, Isenman DE, Rohde JR, Girardin SE, Philpott DJ. Complement C3 Drives Autophagy-Dependent Restriction of Cyto-invasive Bacteria. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 23:644-652.e5. [PMID: 29746835 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In physiological settings, the complement protein C3 is deposited on all bacteria, including invasive pathogens. However, because experimental host-bacteria systems typically use decomplemented serum to avoid the lytic action of complement, the impact of C3 coating on epithelial cell responses to invasive bacteria remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that following invasion, intracellular C3-positive Listeria monocytogenes is targeted by autophagy through a direct C3/ATG16L1 interaction, resulting in autophagy-dependent bacterial growth restriction. In contrast, Shigella flexneri and Salmonella Typhimurium escape autophagy-mediated growth restriction in part through the action of bacterial outer membrane proteases that cleave bound C3. Upon oral infection with Listeria, C3-deficient mice displayed defective clearance at the intestinal mucosa. Together, these results demonstrate an intracellular role of complement in triggering antibacterial autophagy and immunity against intracellular pathogens. Since C3 indiscriminately associates with foreign surfaces, the C3-ATG16L1 interaction may provide a universal mechanism of xenophagy initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Sorbara
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | - Jessica Tsalikis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Mena Abdel-Nour
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Joseph Mangiapane
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | - Ivan Tattoli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Rob van Dalen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - David E Isenman
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - John R Rohde
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H4R2, Canada
| | - Stephen E Girardin
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Dana J Philpott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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22
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Zhao C, Mei Y, Chen X, Jiang L, Jiang Y, Song X, Xiao H, Zhang J, Wang J. Autophagy plays a pro-survival role against methamphetamine-induced apoptosis in H9C2 cells. Toxicol Lett 2018; 294:156-165. [PMID: 29763685 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a commonly abused psychostimulant that can induce severe neurotoxicity. Cardiovascular injury caused by METH has recently gained increasing attention; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. As autophagy has been shown to be associated with cell injury, the association between autophagy and METH-mediated cell apoptosis was investigated in the present study. METH treatment significantly increased the expression of two key autophagy proteins, i.e., Beclin-1 and LC3-II, in the cardiomyocyte cell line H9C2. Furthermore, according to western blot and flow cytometry analyses, METH contributed to cell injury and markedly enhanced cleaved-caspase 3 and PARP expression. In addition, the corresponding AKT-mTOR survival pathway axis was appeared deactivated. The autophagic activity was closely associated with METH-mediated cell injury because rapamycin, which is an autophagy inducer, markedly attenuated METH-induced cell injury, while 3-Methyladenine (3-MA), which is an autophagy inhibitor, and bafilomycinA1 (Baf-A1), which is a blocker of autophagosome-lysosome fusion, markedly exacerbated METH-induced cell injury. Notably, defective autophagosome-lysosome fusion might be partially involved in the METH-induced enhancement of LC3-II expression and cell injury. However, the underlying mechanisms require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Yong Mei
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Xufeng Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Yunfei Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
| | - Xu Song
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tian Yuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tian Yuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Jingsong Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology (NJMU), Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tian Yuan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
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Pires D, Bernard EM, Pombo JP, Carmo N, Fialho C, Gutierrez MG, Bettencourt P, Anes E. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Modulates miR-106b-5p to Control Cathepsin S Expression Resulting in Higher Pathogen Survival and Poor T-Cell Activation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1819. [PMID: 29326705 PMCID: PMC5741618 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of tuberculosis (TB) bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), relies on the ability to survive in host cells and escape to immune surveillance and activation. We recently demonstrated that Mtb manipulation of host lysosomal cathepsins in macrophages leads to decreased enzymatic activity and pathogen survival. In addition, while searching for microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in posttranscriptional gene regulation during mycobacteria infection of human macrophages, we found that selected miRNAs such as miR-106b-5p were specifically upregulated by pathogenic mycobacteria. Here, we show that miR-106b-5p is actively manipulated by Mtb to ensure its survival in macrophages. Using an in silico prediction approach, we identified miR-106b-5p with a potential binding to the 3'-untranslated region of cathepsin S (CtsS) mRNA. We demonstrated by luminescence-based methods that miR-106b-5p indeed targets CTSS mRNA resulting in protein translation silencing. Moreover, miR-106b-5p gain-of-function experiments lead to a decreased CtsS expression favoring Mtb intracellular survival. By contrast, miR-106b-5p loss-of-function in infected cells was concomitant with increased CtsS expression, with significant intracellular killing of Mtb and T-cell activation. Modulation of miR-106b-5p did not impact necrosis, apoptosis or autophagy arguing that miR-106b-5p directly targeted CtsS expression as a way for Mtb to avoid exposure to degradative enzymes in the endocytic pathway. Altogether, our data suggest that manipulation of miR-106b-5p as a potential target for host-directed therapy for Mtb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pires
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elliott M. Bernard
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - João Palma Pombo
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno Carmo
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Fialho
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Paulo Bettencourt
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elsa Anes
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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24
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Zur Bruegge J, Einspanier R, Sharbati S. A Long Journey Ahead: Long Non-coding RNAs in Bacterial Infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:95. [PMID: 28401065 PMCID: PMC5368183 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens have coevolved with their hosts and acquired strategies to circumvent defense mechanisms of host cells. It was shown that bacteria interfere with the expression of mammalian microRNAs to modify immune signaling, autophagy, or the apoptotic machinery. Recently, a new class of regulatory RNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), was reported to have a pivotal role in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. A growing body of literature reports on specific involvement of lncRNAs in the host cell response toward bacterial infections. This mini review summarizes recent data that focuses on lncRNA function in host cells during bacterial infection and provides a perspective where future research in this regard may be going.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Zur Bruegge
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Einspanier
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Soroush Sharbati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany
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25
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Das K, Garnica O, Dhandayuthapani S. Modulation of Host miRNAs by Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:79. [PMID: 27536558 PMCID: PMC4971075 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of protein coding genes of viruses and eukaryotes at the post-transcriptional level. The eukaryotic genes regulated by miRNAs include those whose products are critical for biological processes such as cell proliferation, metabolic pathways, immune response, and development. It is now increasingly recognized that modulation of miRNAs associated with biological processes is one of the strategies adopted by bacterial pathogens to survive inside host cells. In this review, we present an overview of the recent findings on alterations of miRNAs in the host cells by facultative intracellular bacterial pathogens. In addition, we discuss how the altered miRNAs help in the survival of these pathogens in the intracellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Subramanian Dhandayuthapani
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl Paso, TX, USA
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