1
|
Hao WR, Cheng CH, Liu JC, Chen HY, Chen JJ, Cheng TH. Understanding Galectin-3's Role in Diastolic Dysfunction: A Contemporary Perspective. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:906. [PMID: 39063659 PMCID: PMC11277993 DOI: 10.3390/life14070906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diastolic dysfunction, a prevalent condition characterized by impaired relaxation and filling of the left ventricle, significantly contributes to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Galectin-3, a β-galactoside-binding lectin, has garnered attention as a potential biomarker and mediator of fibrosis and inflammation in cardiovascular diseases. This comprehensive review investigates the impact of galectin-3 on diastolic dysfunction. We explore its molecular mechanisms, including its involvement in cellular signaling pathways and interaction with components of the extracellular matrix. Evidence from both animal models and clinical studies elucidates galectin-3's role in cardiac remodeling, inflammation, and fibrosis, shedding light on the underlying pathophysiology of diastolic dysfunction. Additionally, we examine the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of galectin-3 in diastolic dysfunction, emphasizing its potential as both a biomarker and a therapeutic target. This review underscores the significance of comprehending galectin-3's role in diastolic dysfunction and its promise in enhancing diagnosis and treatment approaches for HFpEF patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Rui Hao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (W.-R.H.); (J.-C.L.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11002, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Han Cheng
- Department of Medical Education, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Ju-Chi Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (W.-R.H.); (J.-C.L.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11002, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Yuan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (J.-J.C.)
| | - Jin-Jer Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; (H.-Y.C.); (J.-J.C.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung City 404333, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hurng Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City 404333, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Reshadmanesh T, Behnoush AH, Farajollahi M, Khalaji A, Ghondaghsaz E, Ahangar H. Circulating Levels of Calprotectin as a Biomarker in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Cardiol 2024; 47:e24315. [PMID: 38961752 PMCID: PMC11222710 DOI: 10.1002/clc.24315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calprotectin, also known as MRP8/14, is generated by immune cells and is altered in several inflammatory diseases. Studies have assessed their levels in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and its subtypes (stable CAD and acute coronary syndrome [ACS]). Herein, we aimed to systematically investigate these associations through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in four online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and the Web of Science. Relevant studies were retrieved, screened, and extracted. Random-effect meta-analysis was performed for the calculation of standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Blood calprotectin levels were compared between CAD patients and controls, as well as CAD subtypes. RESULTS A total of 20 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, comprising 3300 CAD patients and 1230 controls. Patients with CAD had significantly higher calprotectin levels (SMD 0.81, 95% CI 0.32-1.30, p < 0.01). Similarly, patients with ACS were reported to have higher levels compared to those with stable CAD. However, there was no significant difference in terms of blood calprotectin levels between stable CAD cases and healthy controls. Finally, studies have shown that calprotectin could be used as a diagnostic biomarker of CAD while also predicting major adverse events and mortality in these patients. CONCLUSION Based on our findings, calprotectin, as an inflammatory marker, could be used as a possible biomarker for patients with CAD and ACS. These suggest the possibility of pathophysiological pathways for this involvement and warrant further research on these associations as well as their clinical utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amir Hossein Behnoush
- School of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Amirmohammad Khalaji
- School of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Non‐Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Elina Ghondaghsaz
- Undergraduate Program in NeuroscienceUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Hassan Ahangar
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Mousavi HospitalZanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjanIran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li B, Shaikh F, Zamzam A, Abdin R, Qadura M. Inflammatory Biomarkers to Predict Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Carotid Artery Stenosis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:997. [PMID: 38929614 PMCID: PMC11205582 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60060997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Inflammatory proteins and their prognostic value in patients with carotid artery stenosis (CAS) have not been adequately studied. Herein, we identified CAS-specific biomarkers from a large pool of inflammatory proteins and assessed the ability of these biomarkers to predict adverse events in individuals with CAS. Materials and Methods: Samples of blood were prospectively obtained from 336 individuals (290 with CAS and 46 without CAS). Plasma concentrations of 29 inflammatory proteins were determined at recruitment, and the patients were followed for 24 months. The outcome of interest was a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE; composite of stroke, myocardial infarction, or death). The differences in plasma protein concentrations between patients with vs. without a 2-year MACE were determined using the independent t-test or Mann-Whitney U test to identify CAS-specific prognostic biomarkers. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards analyses with adjustment for baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were performed to assess the prognostic value of differentially expressed inflammatory proteins in predicting a 2-year MACE in patients with CAS. Results: The mean age of the cohort was 68.8 (SD 10.2) years and 39% were female. The plasma concentrations of two inflammatory proteins were significantly higher in individuals with a 2-year MACE relative to those without a 2-year MACE: IL-6 (5.07 (SD 4.66) vs. 3.36 (SD 4.04) pg/mL, p = 0.03) and CD163 (233.825 (SD 230.306) vs. 159.673 (SD 175.669) pg/mL, p = 0.033). Over a follow-up period of 2 years, individuals with elevated levels of IL-6 were more likely to develop MACE (HR 1.269 (95% CI 1.122-1.639), p = 0.042). Similarly, over a 2-year period, patients with high levels of CD163 were more likely to develop MACE (HR 1.413 (95% CI 1.022-1.954), p = 0.036). Conclusions: The plasma levels of inflammatory proteins IL-6 and CD163 are independently associated with adverse outcomes in individuals with CAS. These CAS-specific prognostic biomarkers may assist in the risk stratification of patients at an elevated risk of a MACE and subsequently guide further vascular evaluation, specialist referrals, and aggressive medical/surgical management, thereby improving outcomes for patients with CAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada;
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; (F.S.); (A.Z.)
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Temerty Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research and Education in Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Farah Shaikh
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; (F.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Abdelrahman Zamzam
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; (F.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Rawand Abdin
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada;
| | - Mohammad Qadura
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada;
- Division of Vascular Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; (F.S.); (A.Z.)
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Friščić T, Galić E, Vidović D, Brečić P, Alfirević I. The Curious Role of PAI-1 in Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1197. [PMID: 38927404 PMCID: PMC11201177 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) has a significant role in fibrinolysis, atherogenesis, cellular senescence, and chronic inflammation. OSA (obstructive sleep apnea) leads to increased PAI-1 levels and the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to determine the effects of CPAP therapy on coagulation parameters and PAI-1 in patients with severe OSA. This prospective, controlled study enrolled 57 patients who were newly diagnosed with severe OSA, 37 of whom had had good CPAP adherence after 6 months of therapy (usage of the device for at least 4 h per night), and their data were analyzed. The analysis showed a statistically significant increase in D-dimer values before CPAP therapy (415 (316.5-537.5)) vs. after therapy (499 (327-652)), p = 0.0282, and a decrease in fibrinogen values (3.665 ± 0.752 before CPAP therapy vs. 3.365 ± 0.771 after therapy, p = 0.0075)). PAI-1 concentration values before and after CPAP therapy did not differ significantly (17.35 ± 7.01 ng/mL before CPAP therapy vs. 17.42 ± 6.99 ng/mL after therapy, p = 0.9367). This study shows a tendency for fibrinolytic capacity to improve in patients with OSA after CPAP therapy, although PAI-1 levels did not differ significantly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tea Friščić
- Clinical Hospital Sveti Duh, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.G.); (I.A.)
| | - Edvard Galić
- Clinical Hospital Sveti Duh, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.G.); (I.A.)
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Domagoj Vidović
- University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Petrana Brečić
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Igor Alfirević
- Clinical Hospital Sveti Duh, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (E.G.); (I.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fogacci F, Giovannini M, Di Micoli A, Fiorini G, Grandi E, Borghi C, Cicero AFG. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial on the Effect of a Dietary Supplement Containing Dry Artichoke and Bergamot Extracts on Metabolic and Vascular Risk Factors in Individuals with Suboptimal Cholesterol Levels. Nutrients 2024; 16:1587. [PMID: 38892519 PMCID: PMC11174436 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess whether dietary supplementation with a nutraceutical blend comprising extracts of bergamot and artichoke-both standardized in their characteristic polyphenolic fractions-could positively affect serum lipid concentration and insulin sensitivity, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and indexes of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in 90 healthy individuals with suboptimal cholesterol levels. Participants were randomly allocated to treatment with a pill of either active treatment or placebo. After 6 weeks, the active-treated group experienced significant improvements in levels of triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein B-100 (Apo B-100), and apolipoprotein AI (Apo AI) versus baseline. Total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (Non-HDL-C), and hs-CRP also significantly decreased in the active-treated group compared to both baseline and placebo. At the 12-week follow-up, individuals allocated to the combined nutraceutical experienced a significant improvement in TC, LDL-C, Non-HDL-C, TG, Apo B-100, Apo AI, glucose, alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (gGT), hs-CRP, several indexes of NAFLD, and brachial pulse volume (PV) in comparison with baseline. Improvements in TC, LDL-C, Non-HDL-C, TG, fatty liver index (FLI), hs-CRP, and endothelial reactivity were also detected compared to placebo (p < 0.05 for all). Overall, these findings support the use of the tested dietary supplement containing dry extracts of bergamot and artichoke as a safe and effective approach for the prevention and management of a broad spectrum of cardiometabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Fogacci
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.); (E.G.); (C.B.)
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marina Giovannini
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.); (E.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Antonio Di Micoli
- Cardiovascular Medicine Uniti, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.M.); (G.F.)
| | - Giulia Fiorini
- Cardiovascular Medicine Uniti, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.M.); (G.F.)
| | - Elisa Grandi
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.); (E.G.); (C.B.)
- Cardiovascular Medicine Uniti, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.M.); (G.F.)
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.); (E.G.); (C.B.)
- Cardiovascular Medicine Uniti, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.M.); (G.F.)
| | - Arrigo F. G. Cicero
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.); (E.G.); (C.B.)
- Cardiovascular Medicine Uniti, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.M.); (G.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Halațiu VB, Benedek I, Rodean IP, Cojocariu LO, Mihăilă T, Blîndu E, Roșca A, Mátyás BB, Gerculy R, Buicu F, Benedek T. Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography-Derived Modified Duke Index Is Associated with Peri-Coronary Fat Attenuation Index and Predicts Severity of Coronary Inflammation. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:765. [PMID: 38792949 PMCID: PMC11123489 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The modified Duke index derived from coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) was designed to predict cardiovascular outcomes based on the severity of coronary stenosis. However, it does not take into consideration the presence or severity of peri-coronary inflammation. The peri-coronary fat attenuation index (FAI) is a novel imaging marker determined by CCTA which reflects the degree of inflammation in the coronary tree in patients with coronary artery disease. To assess the association between the modified Duke index assessed by CCTA, cardiovascular risk factors, and peri-coronary inflammation in the coronary arteries of patients with coronary artery disease. Materials and Methods: One hundred seventy-two patients who underwent CCTA for typical angina were assigned into two groups based on the modified Duke index: group 1-patients with low index, ≤3 (n = 107), and group 2-patients with high index, >3 (n = 65). Demographic, clinical, and CCTA data were collected for all patients, and FAI analysis of coronary inflammation was performed. Results: Patients with increased values of the modified Duke index were significantly older compared to those with a low index (61.83 ± 9.89 vs. 64.78 ± 8.9; p = 0.002). No differences were found between the two groups in terms of gender distribution, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, or smoking history (all p > 0.5). The FAI score was significantly higher in patients from group 2, who presented a significantly higher score of inflammation compared to the patients in group 1, especially at the level of the right coronary artery (FAI score, 20.85 ± 15.80 vs. 14.61 ± 16.66; p = 0.01 for the right coronary artery, 13.85 ± 8.04 vs. 10.91 ± 6.5; p = 0.01 for the circumflex artery, 13.26 ± 10.18 vs. 11.37 ± 8.84; p = 0.2 for the left anterior descending artery). CaRi-Heart® analysis identified a significantly higher risk of future events among patients with a high modified Duke index (34.84% ± 25.86% vs. 16.87% ± 15.80%; p < 0.0001). ROC analysis identified a cut-off value of 12.1% of the CaRi-Heart® risk score for predicting a high severity of coronary lesions, with an AUC of 0.69. Conclusions: The CT-derived modified Duke index correlates well with local perilesional inflammation as assessed using the FAI score at different levels of the coronary circulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasile-Bogdan Halațiu
- Physiology Department, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania;
- Cardiology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Târgu Mureș, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania (T.M.); (B.-B.M.); (R.G.); (T.B.)
| | - Imre Benedek
- Cardiology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Târgu Mureș, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania (T.M.); (B.-B.M.); (R.G.); (T.B.)
- Center of Advanced Research in Multimodality Cardiac Imaging, CardioMed Medical Center, 540124 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Ioana-Patricia Rodean
- Cardiology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Târgu Mureș, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania (T.M.); (B.-B.M.); (R.G.); (T.B.)
- Center of Advanced Research in Multimodality Cardiac Imaging, CardioMed Medical Center, 540124 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- Cardiology Department, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Liliana-Oana Cojocariu
- Cardiology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Târgu Mureș, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania (T.M.); (B.-B.M.); (R.G.); (T.B.)
| | - Theofana Mihăilă
- Cardiology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Târgu Mureș, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania (T.M.); (B.-B.M.); (R.G.); (T.B.)
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Emanuel Blîndu
- Cardiology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Târgu Mureș, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania (T.M.); (B.-B.M.); (R.G.); (T.B.)
- Cardiology Department, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Aurelian Roșca
- Cardiology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Târgu Mureș, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania (T.M.); (B.-B.M.); (R.G.); (T.B.)
- Center of Advanced Research in Multimodality Cardiac Imaging, CardioMed Medical Center, 540124 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Botond-Barna Mátyás
- Cardiology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Târgu Mureș, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania (T.M.); (B.-B.M.); (R.G.); (T.B.)
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Renata Gerculy
- Cardiology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Târgu Mureș, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania (T.M.); (B.-B.M.); (R.G.); (T.B.)
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
| | - Florin Buicu
- Public Health and Health Management Department, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania;
| | - Theodora Benedek
- Cardiology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Târgu Mureș, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania (T.M.); (B.-B.M.); (R.G.); (T.B.)
- Cardiology Department, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, 540139 Târgu Mures, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Elías-López D, Doi T, Nordestgaard BG, Kobylecki CJ. Remnant cholesterol and low-grade inflammation jointly in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: implications for clinical trials. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2024; 27:125-135. [PMID: 38320159 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of death despite the development of effective treatments. Recently, elevated remnant cholesterol and low-grade inflammation have emerged as factors explaining part of the residual ASCVD risk. Interestingly, the coexistence of both high remnant cholesterol and low-grade inflammation can further increase the risk of ASCVD. The aim of this review is to describe the role of elevated remnant cholesterol and low-grade inflammation, separately and combined, in ASCVD. RECENT FINDINGS Results from recently published studies, including observational and genetic Mendelian randomization studies, support a causal relationship between elevated remnant cholesterol and low-grade inflammation on risk of ASCVD in both primary and secondary prevention settings. In addition, current evidence from observational studies suggests that the coexistence of elevated remnant cholesterol and low-grade inflammation further increases the risk of ASCVD. SUMMARY Recent observational studies suggest that high remnant cholesterol combined with low-grade inflammation may confer a particular high risk for ASCVD. Attention on the dual threat from high remnant cholesterol and low-grade inflammation is necessary, and further research in this field is warranted. The effect of remnant cholesterol-lowering drugs and anti-inflammatory drugs on ASCVD risk alone and combined remains to be elucidated. VIDEO ABSTRACT http://links.lww.com/COCN/A20.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Elías-López
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev Gentofte
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Research Center of Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, México City, México
| | - Takahito Doi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev Gentofte
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev Gentofte
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla J Kobylecki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev Gentofte
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chedid P, Sokhn ES. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Lebanon: association with inflammatory and infectious clinical markers. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2523. [PMID: 38104079 PMCID: PMC10725583 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a growing health concern in the Middle East, particularly in countries with high rates of obesity and unhealthy lifestyles. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Lebanon and its association with clinical markers of inflammation and infection. METHODS This cross-sectional study examined retrospectively the medical laboratory record of 4093 patients from all Lebanese regions. Prevalence of T2D and its association with age, gender, calcium, vitamin D (VitD), neutrophils-to-lymphocytes ratio (NLR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined. The prevalence of infection in a subpopulation of 712 patients tested from blood, body fluid, sputum, swab, tissue, and urine samples and its etiology was also assessed. RESULTS Overall, 17% (n = 690) of our participants had T2D, and the mean HbA1c was 5.9% ± 1.2. Age, gender, triglycerides, NLR, and calcemia were significantly associated with T2D. The prevalence of infections in a subgroup of 712 patients was 11.1% (n = 79). Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) were the most common cause of infection, with the highest prevalence in the pre-diabetic group. Serum CRP level was significantly higher in the diabetic group than the pre-diabetic and control groups. Diabetic patients also presented a significantly higher percentage of NLR > 3 compared to the pre-diabetic and control groups. CONCLUSION The prevalence of T2D is increasing in the Lebanese population compared to prior reports. These results should be considered to guide effective public health preventive strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Chedid
- Molecular Testing Laboratory, Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elie Salem Sokhn
- Molecular Testing Laboratory, Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Laboratory Department, Lebanese Hospital-Geitaoui University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
| |
Collapse
|