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Zhang M, Li J, Hu W. The complex interplay between ferroptosis and atherosclerosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117183. [PMID: 39079265 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, characterized by the accumulation of plaque within the arterial walls, is an intricate cardiovascular disease that often results in severe health issues. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of ferroptosis, a controlled type of cell death dependent on iron, as a critical factor in this disease state. Ferroptosis, distinguished by its reliance on iron and the accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides, offers a unique insight into the pathology of atherosclerotic lesions. This summary encapsulates the current knowledge of the intricate role ferroptosis plays in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. It explores the molecular processes through which lipid peroxidation and iron metabolism contribute to the development of atheromatous plaques and evaluates the possibility of utilizing ferroptosis as a novel treatment approach for atherosclerosis. By illuminating the intricate relationship between ferroptosis-related processes and atherosclerosis, this review paves the way for future clinical applications and personalized medicine approaches aimed at alleviating the effects of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiangping Li
- Department of Oncological Radiotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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Dimitriadis K, Pyrpyris N, Theofilis P, Mantzouranis E, Beneki E, Kostakis P, Koutsopoulos G, Aznaouridis K, Aggeli K, Tsioufis K. Computed Tomography Angiography Identified High-Risk Coronary Plaques: From Diagnosis to Prognosis and Future Management. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1671. [PMID: 39125547 PMCID: PMC11311283 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14151671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
CT angiography has become, in recent years, a main evaluating modality for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Recent advancements in the field have allowed us to identity not only the presence of obstructive disease but also the characteristics of identified lesions. High-risk coronary atherosclerotic plaques are identified in CT angiographies via a number of specific characteristics and may provide prognostic and therapeutic implications, aiming to prevent future ischemic events via optimizing medical treatment or providing coronary interventions. In light of new evidence evaluating the safety and efficacy of intervening in high-risk plaques, even in non-flow-limiting disease, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of the diagnostic algorithms and implications of plaque vulnerability in CT angiography, identify any differences with invasive imaging, analyze prognostic factors and potential future therapeutic options in such patients, as well as discuss new frontiers, including intervening in non-flow-limiting stenoses and the role of CT angiography in patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriakos Dimitriadis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (N.P.); (P.T.); (E.M.); (E.B.); (P.K.); (G.K.); (K.A.); (K.A.); (K.T.)
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Chen P, Li X. NLRP3 inflammasome in atherosclerosis: Mechanisms and targeted therapies. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1430236. [PMID: 39144618 PMCID: PMC11322363 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1430236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the primary pathology behind various cardiovascular diseases and the leading cause of death and disability globally. Recent evidence suggests that AS is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease caused by multiple factors. In this context, the NLRP3 inflammasome, acting as a signal transducer of the immune system, plays a critical role in the onset and progression of AS. The NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in endothelial injury, foam cell formation, and pyroptosis in AS. Therefore, targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome offers a new treatment strategy for AS. This review highlights the latest insights into AS pathogenesis and the pharmacological therapies targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome, focusing on optimal targets for small molecule inhibitors. These insights are valuable for rational drug design and the pharmacological assessment of new targeted NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors in treating AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Xia Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
- Shandong Kelun Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Binzhou, China
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Parma L, Duchene J, Weber C. Breaking Point: How Intraplaque Hemorrhage Propels Plaque Rupture. Circ Res 2024; 135:317-319. [PMID: 38963871 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.324795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Parma
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany (L.P., J.D., C.W.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (L.P., J.D., C.W.)
| | - Johan Duchene
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany (L.P., J.D., C.W.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (L.P., J.D., C.W.)
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany (L.P., J.D., C.W.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (L.P., J.D., C.W.)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Maastricht, the Netherlands (C.W.)
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Germany (C.W.)
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Qi J, Zhou S, Wang G, Hua R, Wang X, He J, Wang Z, Zhu Y, Luo J, Shi W, Luo Y, Chen X. The Antioxidant Dendrobium officinale Polysaccharide Modulates Host Metabolism and Gut Microbiota to Alleviate High-Fat Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:599. [PMID: 38790704 PMCID: PMC11117934 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discovery of traditional plants' medicinal and nutritional properties has opened up new avenues for developing pharmaceutical and dietary strategies to prevent atherosclerosis. However, the effect of the antioxidant Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide (DOP) on atherosclerosis is still not elucidated. PURPOSE This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effect and the potential mechanism of DOP on high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The identification of DOP was measured by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPLC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). We used high-fat diet (HFD)-induced atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice as an animal model. In the DOP intervention stage, the DOP group was treated by gavage with 200 μL of 200 mg/kg DOP at regular times each day and continued for eight weeks. We detected changes in serum lipid profiles, inflammatory factors, anti-inflammatory factors, and antioxidant capacity to investigate the effect of the DOP on host metabolism. We also determined microbial composition using 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate whether the DOP could improve the structure of the gut microbiota in atherosclerotic mice. RESULTS DOP effectively inhibited histopathological deterioration in atherosclerotic mice and significantly reduced serum lipid levels, inflammatory factors, and malondialdehyde (F/B) production. Additionally, the levels of anti-inflammatory factors and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), were significantly increased after DOP intervention. Furthermore, we found that DOP restructures the gut microbiota composition by decreasing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota (F/B) ratio. The Spearman's correlation analysis indicated that serum lipid profiles, antioxidant activity, and pro-/anti-inflammatory factors were associated with Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Allobaculum, and Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that DOP has the potential to be developed as a food prebiotic for the treatment of atherosclerosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Qi
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Q.); (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Shuaishuai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Q.); (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Guisheng Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China; (G.W.); (R.H.)
| | - Rongrong Hua
- Department of Radiology, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China; (G.W.); (R.H.)
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Zhejiang Medicine Co., Ltd., Shaoxing 312366, China;
| | - Jian He
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot 010110, China;
| | - Zi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Q.); (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Yinhua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Q.); (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Junjie Luo
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Q.); (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Wenbiao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Q.); (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Yongting Luo
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Q.); (S.Z.); (Z.W.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Xiaoxia Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China; (G.W.); (R.H.)
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Kovanen PT. Inhibition of chymase-dependent production of IL-1β by smooth muscle cells in the fibrous caps of human atherosclerotic plaques: A reasonable approach to prevent cap rupture? Atherosclerosis 2024; 390:117412. [PMID: 38160125 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Petri T Kovanen
- Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
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Carramolino L, Albarrán-Juárez J, Markov A, Hernández-SanMiguel E, Sharysh D, Cumbicus V, Morales-Cano D, Labrador-Cantarero V, Møller PL, Nogales P, Benguria A, Dopazo A, Sanchez-Cabo F, Torroja C, Bentzon JF. Cholesterol lowering depletes atherosclerotic lesions of smooth muscle cell-derived fibromyocytes and chondromyocytes. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2024; 3:203-220. [PMID: 39196190 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-023-00412-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Drugs that lower plasma apolipoprotein B (ApoB)-containing lipoproteins are central to treating advanced atherosclerosis and provide partial protection against clinical events. Previous research showed that lowering ApoB-containing lipoproteins stops plaque inflammation, but how these drugs affect the heterogeneous population of plaque cells derived from smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is unknown. SMC-derived cells are the main cellular component of atherosclerotic lesions and the source of structural components that determine the size of plaques and their propensity to rupture and trigger thrombosis, the proximate cause of heart attack and stroke. Using lineage tracing and single-cell techniques to investigate the full SMC-derived cellular compartment in progressing and regressing plaques in mice, here we show that lowering ApoB-containing lipoproteins reduces nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells signaling in SMC-derived fibromyocytes and chondromyocytes and leads to depletion of these abundant cell types from plaques. These results uncover an important mechanism through which cholesterol-lowering drugs can achieve plaque regression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/drug therapy
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Chondrocytes/drug effects
- Chondrocytes/pathology
- Chondrocytes/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Anticholesteremic Agents/pharmacology
- Anticholesteremic Agents/therapeutic use
- Male
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- Cholesterol/blood
- Mice
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Single-Cell Analysis
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julián Albarrán-Juárez
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anton Markov
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Diana Sharysh
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vanessa Cumbicus
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Morales-Cano
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Paula Nogales
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Benguria
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Dopazo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Torroja
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacob F Bentzon
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain.
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Fularski P, Hajdys J, Majchrowicz G, Stabrawa M, Młynarska E, Rysz J, Franczyk B. Unveiling Familial Hypercholesterolemia-Review, Cardiovascular Complications, Lipid-Lowering Treatment and Its Efficacy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1637. [PMID: 38338916 PMCID: PMC10855128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder primarily transmitted in an autosomal-dominant manner. We distinguish two main forms of FH, which differ in the severity of the disease, namely homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) and heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH). The characteristic feature of this disease is a high concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the blood. However, the level may significantly vary between the two mentioned types of FH, and it is decidedly higher in HoFH. A chronically elevated concentration of LDL-C in the plasma leads to the occurrence of certain abnormalities, such as xanthomas in the tendons and skin, as well as corneal arcus. Nevertheless, a significantly more severe phenomenon is leading to the premature onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its clinical implications, such as cardiac events, stroke or vascular dementia, even at a relatively young age. Due to the danger posed by this medical condition, we have investigated how both non-pharmacological and selected pharmacological treatment impact the course of FH, thereby reducing or postponing the risk of clinical manifestations of CVD. The primary objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of FH, the effectiveness of lipid-lowering therapy in FH and to explain the anatomopathological correlation between FH and premature CVD development, with its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Fularski
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Hajdys
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Gabriela Majchrowicz
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Stabrawa
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Młynarska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
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