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Chen Q, Wang J, Li K, Luan JQ, Li JM, Wang YT. Irisin in thyroid diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2025; 564:119929. [PMID: 39154700 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Irisin, a hormone-like adipo-myokine, has garnered considerable attention in recent years for its potential impact in metabolic diseases. Its physiological effects are similar to those of thyroid hormones, prompting numerous investigations into potential correlations and interactions between irisin and thyroid function through various in vitro and animal experiments. However, existing studies suggest that the relationship between irisin and thyroid diseases is highly complex and multifaceted. In this paper, we have summarized the research results on serum irisin and thyroid function, providing an overview of advancements and constraints in current research on irisin and thyroid hormones. The aim is to offer insights and directions for future clinical trials in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Department of outpatient, Shijiazhuang No.8 Retired Cadre Retirement Home of Hebei Military Region, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Cardionephrology, Hospital affiliated to NCO School of Army Military Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of oncology, hematology and endocrinology, Hospital affiliated to NCO School of Army Military Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Jun-Qin Luan
- Clinical laboratory, Hospital affiliated to NCO School of Army Military Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Jing-Mei Li
- Department of oncology, hematology and endocrinology, Hospital affiliated to NCO School of Army Military Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Ya-Ting Wang
- Department of oncology, hematology and endocrinology, Hospital affiliated to NCO School of Army Military Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
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Wang X, Wu Z, Liu Y, Wu C, Jiang J, Hashimoto K, Zhou X. The role of thyroid-stimulating hormone in regulating lipid metabolism: Implications for body-brain communication. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 201:106658. [PMID: 39236910 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is a pituitary hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release thyroid hormones, primarily thyroxine and triiodothyronine. These hormones are key players in body-brain communication, influencing various physiological processes, including the regulation of metabolism (both peripheral and central effects), feedback mechanisms, and lipid metabolism. Recently, the increasing incidence of abnormal lipid metabolism has highlighted the link between thyroid function and lipid metabolism. Evidence suggests that TSH can affect all bodily systems through body-brain communication, playing a crucial role in growth, development, and the regulation of various physiological systems. Lipids serve dual purposes: they are involved in energy storage and metabolism, and they act as vital signaling molecules in numerous cellular activities, maintaining overall human health or contributing to various diseases. This article reviews the role of TSH in regulating lipid metabolism via body-brain crosstalk, focusing on its implications for common lipid metabolism disorders such as obesity, atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, neuropsychiatric disorders (including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and depression), and cerebrovascular disorders such as stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Chengxi Wu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Xiangyu Zhou
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
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Kim SM, Sultana F, Korkmaz F, Rojekar S, Pallapati A, Ryu V, Lizneva D, Yuen T, Rosen CJ, Zaidi M. Neuroendocrinology of bone. Pituitary 2024:10.1007/s11102-024-01437-5. [PMID: 39096452 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-024-01437-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed significant advances in our understanding of skeletal homeostasis and the mechanisms that mediate the loss of bone in primary and secondary osteoporosis. Recent breakthroughs have primarily emerged from identifying disease-causing mutations and phenocopying human bone disease in rodents. Notably, using genetically-modified rodent models, disrupting the reciprocal relationship with tropic pituitary hormone and effector hormones, we have learned that pituitary hormones have independent roles in skeletal physiology, beyond their effects exerted through target endocrine glands. The rise of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the late perimenopause may account, at least in part, for the rapid bone loss when estrogen is normal, while low thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels may contribute to the bone loss in thyrotoxicosis. Admittedly speculative, suppressed levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) may directly exacerbate bone loss in the setting of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Furthermore, beyond their established roles in reproduction and lactation, oxytocin and prolactin may affect intergenerational calcium transfer and therefore fetal skeletal mineralization, whereas elevated vasopressin levels in chronic hyponatremic states may increase the risk of bone loss.. Here, we discuss the interaction of each pituitary hormone in relation to its role in bone physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Min Kim
- Mount Sinai Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Farhath Sultana
- Mount Sinai Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Funda Korkmaz
- Mount Sinai Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Satish Rojekar
- Mount Sinai Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Anusha Pallapati
- Mount Sinai Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Vitaly Ryu
- Mount Sinai Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Daria Lizneva
- Mount Sinai Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Tony Yuen
- Mount Sinai Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Mone Zaidi
- Mount Sinai Center of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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Huang K, Su S, Wang X, Hu M, Zhao R, Gao S, Zhang E, Liu J, Xie S, Luan Y, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Yue W, Liu R, Yin C. Association Between Maternal Thyroid Function in Early Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e780-e787. [PMID: 37647889 PMCID: PMC10795920 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Previous studies on the relationship between thyroid gland function and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have reported different results, leading to the need for a cohort study design with a large sample size. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the relationship between thyroid function in early pregnancy and GDM. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study based on the China Birth Cohort Study (CBCS), from February 2018 to December 2020. The study took place at a tertiary maternal and child health hospital. A total of 36 256 pregnant women were successfully recruited based on the CBCS. The main outcome measure was GDM. RESULTS This study consisted of 26 742 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria, of whom 3985 (14.90%) were diagnosed with GDM, and the women with GDM were older than their healthy counterparts (33.26 ± 4.01 vs 31.51 ± 3.76 years, P < .001). After removing potential influencing variables, we found that increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.030, 95% CI 1.007, 1.054, P = .012) and subclinical hypothyroidism (aOR 1.211, 95% CI 1.010, 1.451, P = .039), but not free thyroxine or thyroid peroxidase antibody, were associated with the occurrence of GDM. Further analysis indicated a nonlinear relationship between TSH and GDM (P < .05): when TSH ≤ 1.24 mIU/L, the occurrence of GDM was elevated with increasing TSH, but when TSH > 1.24 mIU/L, this trend was not obvious. CONCLUSION High TSH might be associated with increased risk of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikun Huang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Shaofei Su
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Xueran Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Minhui Hu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Shen Gao
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Enjie Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Shuanghua Xie
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Yingyi Luan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Yongqing Sun
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Wentao Yue
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Ruixia Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing 100026, China
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Abstract
Traditional textbook physiology has ascribed unitary functions to hormones from the anterior and posterior pituitary gland, mainly in the regulation of effector hormone secretion from endocrine organs. However, the evolutionary biology of pituitary hormones and their receptors provides evidence for a broad range of functions in vertebrate physiology. Over the past decade, we and others have discovered that thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, oxytocin and arginine vasopressin act directly on somatic organs, including bone, adipose tissue and liver. New evidence also indicates that pituitary hormone receptors are expressed in brain regions, nuclei and subnuclei. These studies have prompted us to attribute the pathophysiology of certain human diseases, including osteoporosis, obesity and neurodegeneration, at least in part, to changes in pituitary hormone levels. This new information has identified actionable therapeutic targets for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mone Zaidi
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Tony Yuen
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Se-Min Kim
- Center for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Gulbins A, Horstmann M, Daser A, Flögel U, Oeverhaus M, Bechrakis NE, Banga JP, Keitsch S, Wilker B, Krause G, Hammer GD, Spencer AG, Zeidan R, Eckstein A, Philipp S, Görtz GE. Linsitinib, an IGF-1R inhibitor, attenuates disease development and progression in a model of thyroid eye disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1211473. [PMID: 37435490 PMCID: PMC10331459 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1211473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder caused by autoantibodies against the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) leading to overstimulation of the thyroid gland. Thyroid eye disease (TED) is the most common extra thyroidal manifestation of GD. Therapeutic options to treat TED are very limited and novel treatments need to be developed. In the present study we investigated the effect of linsitinib, a dual small-molecule kinase inhibitor of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and the Insulin receptor (IR) on the disease outcome of GD and TED. Methods Linsitinib was administered orally for four weeks with therapy initiating in either the early ("active") or the late ("chronic") phases of the disease. In the thyroid and the orbit, autoimmune hyperthyroidism and orbitopathy were analyzed serologically (total anti-TSHR binding antibodies, stimulating anti TSHR antibodies, total T4 levels), immunohistochemically (H&E-, CD3-, TNFa- and Sirius red staining) and with immunofluorescence (F4/80 staining). An MRI was performed to quantify in vivo tissue remodeling inside the orbit. Results Linsitinib prevented autoimmune hyperthyroidism in the early state of the disease, by reducing morphological changes indicative for hyperthyroidism and blocking T-cell infiltration, visualized by CD3 staining. In the late state of the disease linsitinib had its main effect in the orbit. Linsitinib reduced immune infiltration of T-cells (CD3 staining) and macrophages (F4/80 and TNFa staining) in the orbita in experimental GD suggesting an additional, direct effect of linsitinib on the autoimmune response. In addition, treatment with linsitinib normalized the amount of brown adipose tissue in both the early and late group. An in vivo MRI of the late group was performed and revealed a marked decrease of inflammation, visualized by 19F MR imaging, significant reduction of existing muscle edema and formation of brown adipose tissue. Conclusion Here, we demonstrate that linsitinib effectively prevents development and progression of thyroid eye disease in an experimental murine model for Graves' disease. Linsitinib improved the total disease outcome, indicating the clinical significance of the findings and providing a path to therapeutic intervention of Graves' Disease. Our data support the use of linsitinib as a novel treatment for thyroid eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gulbins
- Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mareike Horstmann
- Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anke Daser
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Oeverhaus
- Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nikolaos E. Bechrakis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - J. Paul Banga
- Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Simone Keitsch
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Wilker
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gerd Krause
- Department of Structural Biology, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Gary D. Hammer
- Endocrine Oncology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Ryan Zeidan
- Sling Therapeutics Inc., Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Anja Eckstein
- Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Svenja Philipp
- Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gina-Eva Görtz
- Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Willmore L, Minerva AR, Engelhard B, Murugan M, McMannon B, Oak N, Thiberge SY, Peña CJ, Witten IB. Overlapping representations of food and social stimuli in VTA dopamine neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.17.541104. [PMID: 37293057 PMCID: PMC10245666 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.17.541104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA DA ) respond to food and social stimuli and contribute to both forms of motivation. However, it is unclear if the same or different VTA DA neurons encode these different stimuli. To address this question, we performed 2-photon calcium imaging in mice presented with food and conspecifics, and found statistically significant overlap in the populations responsive to both stimuli. Both hunger and opposite-sex social experience further increased the proportion of neurons that respond to both stimuli, implying that modifying motivation for one stimulus affects responses to both stimuli. In addition, single-nucleus RNA sequencing revealed significant co-expression of feeding- and social-hormone related genes in individual VTA DA neurons. Taken together, our functional and transcriptional data suggest overlapping VTA DA populations underlie food and social motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Willmore
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Adelaide R. Minerva
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Ben Engelhard
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544 USA
- Department of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, 3525433, Israel
| | - Malavika Murugan
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Brenna McMannon
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Nirja Oak
- Department of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, 3525433, Israel
| | - Stephan Y. Thiberge
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Catherine J. Peña
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Ilana B. Witten
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544 USA
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Stratigou T, Muscogiuri G, Kotopouli M, Antonakos G, Christodoulatos GS, Karampela I, Marinou I, Tsilingiris D, Vallianou NG, Vogiatzakis E, Dalamaga M. Lower circulating omentin-1 is independently linked to subclinical hypothyroidism reflecting cardiometabolic risk: an observational case-control and interventional, longitudinal study. Panminerva Med 2022; 64:452-464. [PMID: 35713623 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.22.04701-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omentin-1, a newly discovered adipokine, is implicated in the modulation of the adipose phenotype, ameliorating systemic metabolism and exhibiting anti-atherogenic, anti-oxidative, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties. Our goal was to explore circulating omentin-1 in subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) and determine its correlations with cardiometabolic risk factors. METHODS In a large case-control and interventional longitudinal study, serum omentin-1, metabolic and lipid parameters, inflammatory biomarkers, classic adipocytokines and cardiovascular risk factors were assessed in 120 consecutive patients with SH and 120 healthy controls matched on age, gender and date of blood draw. Sixteen patients with SH were administered L-T4 and, after six months, circulating omentin-1 and other biomarkers were determined. RESULTS SH subjects presented significantly decreased circulating omentin-1 than control individuals (P<0.001). In all study participants, omentin-1 was negatively correlated with TSH, anti-thyroid antibodies, HOMA-IR, C-peptide, lipid and inflammatory biomarkers, adipokines and cardiovascular risk factors, including Framingham score and apolipoprotein B. Omentin-1 was positively associated with adiponectin and HDL-C. Circulating omentin-1 was independently associated with SH occurrence, above and beyond clinical and cardiometabolic factors (P=0.04). TSH was a negative independent predictor of serum omentin-1 levels (P<0.001). L-T4 treatment did not alter considerably the lower omentin-1 levels in treated SH patients (P=0.07). CONCLUSIONS Omentin-1 may be a useful non-invasive biomarker reflecting cardiometabolic risk as well as a promising therapeutic target. More mechanistic and larger prospective studies shedding light on the pathogenetic role of omentin-1 in SH are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Stratigou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Endocrinology and First Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del patiente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Kotopouli
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Antonakos
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Attikon General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos S Christodoulatos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Karampela
- Second Department of Critical Care, Medical School, Attikon General University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Marinou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Sotiria General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tsilingiris
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Natalia G Vallianou
- Department of Endocrinology and First Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece -
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9
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Yotsapon T, Waralee C, Hussamon P, Panita S, Siriwan B, Soontaree N, Ekgaluck W, Rajata R, Thep H. Duration of antithyroid drug treatment may predict weight gain after radioactive iodine therapy in patients with Graves' disease. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09471. [PMID: 35615430 PMCID: PMC9124706 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Weight gain post-radioiodine (RAI) treatment is observed in patients with hyperthyroid Graves’ disease. Previous studies, mostly in Caucasian patients, demonstrated excessive weight gain averaging 5–7 kg from initial presentation. Aim The aim of this study was to determine the extent and risk factors of weight gain in Thai patients with RAI-treated Graves’ disease. Methods This was a 5-year retrospective study of patients with hyperthyroid Graves’ disease who received RAI treatment during 2016–2020. The proportion and associated risk factors of weight gain ≥5% in patients who was followed for at least 3 months when compared with weight at RAI administration were analyzed. Results There were 347 patients with Graves’ disease (females 81.0%, mean age 38.8 ± 12.1 years, BMI 23.3 ± 4.0 kg/m2) who were treated with RAI. Almost all RAI-treated patients (91.9%) eventually developed hypothyroidism. During the median follow-up period of 25 months, 73.1% of them had weight gain. The mean weight change was +2.5 ± 4.9 kgs when compared with weight at the time RAI administration and +3.4 ± 6.5 kgs when compared with recalled body weight before the onset of hyperthyroidism. The proportion of patient in the obesity class I (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2) increased from 23.6% to 28.0% and obesity class II (BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2) increased from 5.2% to 8.9%. Duration of antithyroid drug treatment less than 6 months after the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism was the only factor associated with weight gain ≥5%. Conclusions Weight gain post-RAI treatment was common, and a significant proportion of patients went on to develop obesity. Early intervention with weight management support should be employed in patients with less than 6 months of antithyroid drug treatment before RAI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Butadej Siriwan
- Diabetes and Thyroid Center, Theptarin Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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10
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Vieira IH, Rodrigues D, Paiva I. The Mysterious Universe of the TSH Receptor. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:944715. [PMID: 35903283 PMCID: PMC9315062 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.944715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSH-R) is predominantly expressed in the basolateral membrane of thyrocytes, where it stimulates almost every aspect of their metabolism. Several extrathyroidal locations of the receptor have been found including: the pituitary, the hypothalamus, and other areas of the central nervous system; the periorbital tissue; the skin; the kidney; the adrenal; the liver; the immune system cells; blood cells and vascular tissues; the adipose tissue; the cardiac and skeletal muscles, and the bone. Although the functionality of the receptor has been demonstrated in most of these tissues, its physiological importance is still a matter of debate. A contribution to several pathological processes is evident in some cases, as is the case of Grave's disease in its multiple presentations. Conversely, in the context of other thyroid abnormalities, the contribution of the TSH-R and its ligand is still a matter of debate. This article reviews the several different sites of expression of the TSH-R and its potential role in both physiological and pathological processes.
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Zhang L, Rai P, Miwa S, Draman MS, Rees DA, Haridas AS, Morris DS, Tee AR, Ludgate M, Turnbull DM, Dayan CM. The Role of Mitochondria-Linked Fatty-Acid Uptake-Driven Adipogenesis in Graves Orbitopathy. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6362764. [PMID: 34473251 PMCID: PMC8848742 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Depot-specific expansion of orbital adipose tissue (OAT) in Graves orbitopathy (GO; an autoimmune condition producing proptosis, visual impairment and reduced quality of life) is associated with fatty acid (FA)-uptake-driven adipogenesis in preadipocytes/fibroblasts (PFs). OBJECTIVE This work sought a role for mitochondria in OAT adipogenesis in GO. METHODS Confluent PFs from healthy OAT (OAT-H), OAT from GO (OAT-GO) and white adipose tissue in culture medium compared with culture medium containing a mixed hormonal cocktail as adipogenic medium (ADM), or culture-medium containing FA-supplementation, oleate:palmitate:linoleate (45:30:25%) with/without different concentration of mitochondrial biosubstrate adenosine 5'-diphosphate/guanosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP/GDP), AICAR (adenosine analogue), or inhibitor oligomycin-A for 17 days. Main outcome measures included oil-red-O staining and foci count of differentiated adipocytes for in vitro adipogenesis, flow cytometry, relative quantitative polymerase chain reaction, MTS-assay/106 cells, total cellular-ATP detection kit, and Seahorse-XFe96-Analyzer for mitochondria and oxidative-phosphorylation (OXPHOS)/glycolysis-ATP production analysis. RESULTS During early adipogenesis before adipocyte formation (days 0, 4, and7), we observed OAT-specific cellular ATP production via mitochondrial OXPHOS in PFs both from OAT-H and OAT-GO, and substantially disrupted OXPHOS-ATP/glycolysis-ATP production in PFs from OAT-GO, for example, a 40% reduction in OXPHOS-ATP and trend-increased glycolysis-ATP production on days 4 and 7 compared with day 0, which contrasted with the stable levels in OAT-H. FA supplementation in culture-medium triggered adipogenesis in PFs both from OAT-H and OAT-GO, which was substantially enhanced by 1-mM GDP reaching 7% to 18% of ADM adipogenesis. The FA-uptake-driven adipogenesis was diminished by oligomycin-A but unaffected by treatment with ADP or AICAR. Furthermore, we observed a significant positive correlation between FA-uptake-driven adipogenesis by GDP and the ratios of OXPHOS-ATP/glycolysis-ATP through adipogenesis of PFs from OAT-GO. CONCLUSION Our study confirmed that FA uptake can drive OAT adipogenesis and revealed a fundamental role for mitochondria-OXPHOS in GO development, which provides potential for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Hospital, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
- Correspondence: Lei Zhang, PhD, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Hospital, Rm 260, C2 link, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Pavandeep Rai
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Satomi Miwa
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Mohd Shazli Draman
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Hospital, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - D Aled Rees
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Hospital, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Anjana S Haridas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, Heath Park Hospital, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Daniel S Morris
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, Heath Park Hospital, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Andrew R Tee
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Hospital, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Marian Ludgate
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Hospital, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Colin M Dayan
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park Hospital, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
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12
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Walczak K, Sieminska L. Obesity and Thyroid Axis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189434. [PMID: 34574358 PMCID: PMC8467528 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Development of obesity is primarily the result of imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Thyroid hormones influence energy expenditure by regulating cellular respiration and thermogenesis and by determining resting metabolic rate. Triiodothyronine influences lipid turnover in adipocytes and impacts appetite regulation through the central nervous system, mainly the hypothalamus. Thyroid-stimulating hormone may also influence thermogenesis, suppress appetite and regulate lipid storage through lipolysis and lipogenesis control. Subclinical hypothyroidism may induce changes in basal metabolic rate with subsequent increase in BMI, but obesity can also affect thyroid function via several mechanisms such as lipotoxicity and changes in adipokines and inflammatory cytokine secretion. The present study investigated the complex and mutual relationships between the thyroid axis and adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Walczak
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Lucyna Sieminska
- Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Correspondence:
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13
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Neuroendocrine control of appetite and metabolism. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:505-516. [PMID: 33837263 PMCID: PMC8102538 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00597-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Body homeostasis is predominantly controlled by hormones secreted by endocrine organs. The central nervous system contains several important endocrine structures, including the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Conventionally, neurohormones released by the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland (hypophysis) have received much attention owing to the unique functions of the end hormones released by their target peripheral organs (e.g., glucocorticoids released by the adrenal glands). Recent advances in mouse genetics have revealed several important metabolic functions of hypothalamic neurohormone-expressing cells, many of which are not readily explained by the action of the corresponding classical downstream hormones. Notably, the newly identified functions are better explained by the action of conventional neurotransmitters (e.g., glutamate and GABA) that constitute a neuronal circuit. In this review, we discuss the regulation of appetite and metabolism by hypothalamic neurohormone-expressing cells, with a focus on the distinct contributions of neurohormones and neurotransmitters released by these neurons.
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14
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The Influence of Reducing Diets on Changes in Thyroid Parameters in Women Suffering from Obesity and Hashimoto's Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030862. [PMID: 33808030 PMCID: PMC8000220 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hashimoto’s disease is listed among the most common endocrine causes of obesity. As treatment of obesity in women with Hashimoto’s disease is frequently unsuccessful, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two different reducing diets and their influence on changes in thyroid parameters in female patients. A six-month observational/interventional study was performed on 100 women aged 18–65 years, previously diagnosed with Hashimoto’s disease and obesity and receiving L-thyroxine. The women were randomly assigned to the test group (group A, n = 50) following elimination/reducing diets, and the control group (group B, n = 50) following reducing diets with the same caloric content (without elimination). Anthropometric and thyroid parameters were evaluated at the beginning, after 3 months and after 6 months of treatment. In both groups a significant decrease in BMI and body fat percentage was achieved, but in test group A the decrease in BMI and body fat percentage was significantly greater than in control group B (p < 0.002 and p = 0.026, respectively). Serum TSH (thyroid stimulating hormon) levels decreased significantly more in group A than in group B (p < 0.001). Group A exhibited significantly greater increases in fT4 and fT3 levels than the control group (p < 0.001) as well as significantly greater decreases in the levels anti-TPO (thyroid peroxidase) (p < 0.001) and anti-TG (thyreoglobulin) antibodies (p = 0.048). The application of reducing diets with product elimination was found to be a more beneficial tool for changing anthropometric and thyroid parameters in women suffering from obesity and Hashimoto’s disease than classic reducing diets with the same energy values and macronutrient content.
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15
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Steinhoff KG, Krause K, Linder N, Rullmann M, Volke L, Gebhardt C, Busse H, Stumvoll M, Blüher M, Sabri O, Hesse S, Tönjes A. Effects of Hyperthyroidism on Adipose Tissue Activity and Distribution in Adults. Thyroid 2021; 31:519-527. [PMID: 33019884 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Positron emission tomography (PET) has provided evidence that adult humans retain metabolically active brown adipose tissue (BAT) depots. Thyroid hormones (TH) stimulate BAT thermogenesis by central and peripheral mechanisms. However, the effect of hyperthyroidism on BAT activity and BAT volume in humans is yet not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TH on (i) the metabolic activity of brown and white adipose tissue (WAT) depots, (ii) on abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue area, and (iii) on serum levels of metabolically active cytokines. Methods: Nineteen patients with overt hyperthyroidism were investigated through repeated 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (2-[18F]FDG PET/CT) in the hyperthyroid and in the euthyroid state. The 2-[18F]FDG uptake was calculated as standard uptake ratio with blood pool as reference. Fat areas were quantified by means of CT segmentation. Serum levels of fetuin A and B, fibroblast growth factor 21, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (AFABP), retinol-binding protein 4, pro-enkephalin, pro-neurotensin, and neuregulin 4 were determined in the hyperthyroid and in the euthyroid state for each subject. Results: 2-[18F]FDG uptake was increased in the hyperthyroid state in BAT in comparison with the euthyroid phase (p = 0.001). There was no correlation between serum free triiodothyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4) levels and 2-[18F]FDG uptake in BAT or WAT. In the hyperthyroid state, fT3 levels were positively associated with skeletal muscle standardized uptake value ratios. Areas of visceral adipose tissue and skeletal muscle were significantly decreased in hyperthyroidism. AFABP levels correlated positively with fT3 (p = 0.031, β = 0.28) and fT4 (p = 0.037, β = 0.27) in the hyperthyroid state. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the contribution of increased TH levels to the glucose uptake of BAT and WAT is low compared with that of the skeletal muscle. Hyperthyroid subjects have reduced areas of visceral adipose tissue and increased AFABP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kerstin Krause
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology; Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicolas Linder
- Department of Radiology; University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Rullmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lisa Volke
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology; Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Gebhardt
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology; Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Harald Busse
- Department of Radiology; University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology; Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology; Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Osama Sabri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Leipzig, Germany
| | - Swen Hesse
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology; Leipzig, Germany
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16
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Zhang L, Evans A, von Ruhland C, Draman MS, Edkins S, Vincent AE, Berlinguer-Palmini R, Rees DA, Haridas AS, Morris D, Tee AR, Ludgate M, Turnbull DM, Karpe F, Dayan CM. Distinctive Features of Orbital Adipose Tissue (OAT) in Graves' Orbitopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9145. [PMID: 33266331 PMCID: PMC7730568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Depot specific expansion of orbital-adipose-tissue (OAT) in Graves' Orbitopathy (GO) is associated with lipid metabolism signaling defects. We hypothesize that the unique adipocyte biology of OAT facilitates its expansion in GO. A comprehensive comparison of OAT and white-adipose-tissue (WAT) was performed by light/electron-microscopy, lipidomic and transcriptional analysis using ex vivo WAT, healthy OAT (OAT-H) and OAT from GO (OAT-GO). OAT-H/OAT-GO have a single lipid-vacuole and low mitochondrial number. Lower lipolytic activity and smaller adipocytes of OAT-H/OAT-GO, accompanied by similar essential linoleic fatty acid (FA) and (low) FA synthesis to WAT, revealed a hyperplastic OAT expansion through external FA-uptake via abundant SLC27A6 (FA-transporter) expression. Mitochondrial dysfunction of OAT in GO was apparent, as evidenced by the increased mRNA expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and mitofusin-2 (MFN2) in OAT-GO compared to OAT-H. Transcriptional profiles of OAT-H revealed high expression of Iroquois homeobox-family (IRX-3&5), and low expression in HOX-family/TBX5 (essential for WAT/BAT (brown-adipose-tissue)/BRITE (BRown-in-whITE) development). We demonstrated unique features of OAT not presented in either WAT or BAT/BRITE. This study reveals that the pathologically enhanced FA-uptake driven hyperplastic expansion of OAT in GO is associated with a depot specific mechanism (the SLC27A6 FA-transporter) and mitochondrial dysfunction. We uncovered that OAT functions as a distinctive fat depot, providing novel insights into adipocyte biology and the pathological development of OAT expansion in GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (A.E.); (C.v.R.); (M.S.D.); (S.E.); (D.A.R.); (A.R.T.); (M.L.); (C.M.D.)
| | - Anna Evans
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (A.E.); (C.v.R.); (M.S.D.); (S.E.); (D.A.R.); (A.R.T.); (M.L.); (C.M.D.)
| | - Chris von Ruhland
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (A.E.); (C.v.R.); (M.S.D.); (S.E.); (D.A.R.); (A.R.T.); (M.L.); (C.M.D.)
| | - Mohd Shazli Draman
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (A.E.); (C.v.R.); (M.S.D.); (S.E.); (D.A.R.); (A.R.T.); (M.L.); (C.M.D.)
| | - Sarah Edkins
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (A.E.); (C.v.R.); (M.S.D.); (S.E.); (D.A.R.); (A.R.T.); (M.L.); (C.M.D.)
| | - Amy E. Vincent
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK; (A.E.V.); (D.M.T.)
| | | | - D. Aled Rees
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (A.E.); (C.v.R.); (M.S.D.); (S.E.); (D.A.R.); (A.R.T.); (M.L.); (C.M.D.)
| | - Anjana S Haridas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK; (A.S.H.); (D.M.)
| | - Dan Morris
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cardiff & Vale University Health Board, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK; (A.S.H.); (D.M.)
| | - Andrew R. Tee
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (A.E.); (C.v.R.); (M.S.D.); (S.E.); (D.A.R.); (A.R.T.); (M.L.); (C.M.D.)
| | - Marian Ludgate
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (A.E.); (C.v.R.); (M.S.D.); (S.E.); (D.A.R.); (A.R.T.); (M.L.); (C.M.D.)
| | - Doug M. Turnbull
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK; (A.E.V.); (D.M.T.)
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK;
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Center, OUH Foundation Trust, Oxford OX4 2PG, UK
| | - Colin M. Dayan
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (A.E.); (C.v.R.); (M.S.D.); (S.E.); (D.A.R.); (A.R.T.); (M.L.); (C.M.D.)
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Molecular insights into therapeutic promise of targeting of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in obesity. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8091-8100. [PMID: 32886327 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05784-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a curable disorder which is a global health concern, linked to an excess amount of fat. It is caused by inherited and environmental factors and can be grim to maintain through dieting only. The importance of peculiar Wnt/β-catenin signaling has directed considerable efforts in the future production of therapeutic approaches in metabolic complications, including obesity. The article aims to examine the prospects of Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade in obesity via directing effects of Wnt/β-catenin cascade in regulating appetite. A deep research on the literature available to date, for Wnt/β-catenin cascade in obesity is conducted using various medical databases like PubMed, MEDLINE from the internet. The articles published in English language were mainly preferred. Obesity has developed endemic worldwide, which initiates various obesity-related comorbidities. Obesity is implied by excessive deposition of fat primarily in the adipose tissue. Numerous studies have shown the vital impact of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the growth of body part and biological homeostasis, while latent data illustrate the inherited variations in the Wnt/β-catenin cascade, correlating to several complications. The current article enlightens the stimulation of the Wnt/β-catenin cascade in obesity, mainly depot-explicit impact among adipose tissue during high caloric intake regulation and WAT browning event. Taken all together these data illustrate Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade subsidizes to obesity promoted insulin resistance independent proliferation of adipose tissue.
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18
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VolcanoFinder: Genomic scans for adaptive introgression. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008867. [PMID: 32555579 PMCID: PMC7326285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research shows that introgression between closely-related species is an important source of adaptive alleles for a wide range of taxa. Typically, detection of adaptive introgression from genomic data relies on comparative analyses that require sequence data from both the recipient and the donor species. However, in many cases, the donor is unknown or the data is not currently available. Here, we introduce a genome-scan method—VolcanoFinder—to detect recent events of adaptive introgression using polymorphism data from the recipient species only. VolcanoFinder detects adaptive introgression sweeps from the pattern of excess intermediate-frequency polymorphism they produce in the flanking region of the genome, a pattern which appears as a volcano-shape in pairwise genetic diversity. Using coalescent theory, we derive analytical predictions for these patterns. Based on these results, we develop a composite-likelihood test to detect signatures of adaptive introgression relative to the genomic background. Simulation results show that VolcanoFinder has high statistical power to detect these signatures, even for older sweeps and for soft sweeps initiated by multiple migrant haplotypes. Finally, we implement VolcanoFinder to detect archaic introgression in European and sub-Saharan African human populations, and uncovered interesting candidates in both populations, such as TSHR in Europeans and TCHH-RPTN in Africans. We discuss their biological implications and provide guidelines for identifying and circumventing artifactual signals during empirical applications of VolcanoFinder. The process by which beneficial alleles are introduced into a species from a closely-related species is termed adaptive introgression. We present an analytically-tractable model for the effects of adaptive introgression on non-adaptive genetic variation in the genomic region surrounding the beneficial allele. The result we describe is a characteristic volcano-shaped pattern of increased variability that arises around the positively-selected site, and we introduce an open-source method VolcanoFinder to detect this signal in genomic data. Importantly, VolcanoFinder is a population-genetic likelihood-based approach, rather than a comparative-genomic approach, and can therefore probe genomic variation data from a single population for footprints of adaptive introgression, even from a priori unknown and possibly extinct donor species.
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19
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Plöhn S, Hose M, Schlüter A, Michel L, Diaz-Cano S, Hendgen-Cotta UB, Banga JP, Bechrakis NE, Hansen W, Eckstein A, Berchner-Pfannschmidt U. Fingolimod Improves the Outcome of Experimental Graves' Disease and Associated Orbitopathy by Modulating the Autoimmune Response to the Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor. Thyroid 2019; 29:1286-1301. [PMID: 31237525 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2018.0754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) and Graves' orbitopathy are associated with stimulating thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) autoantibodies and autoreactive T cells. Recent in vitro studies suggested that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of orbitopathy. In this study, we explored the immune modulatory potential of S1P receptor antagonist fingolimod in a murine model for GD. Fingolimod was orally administered preventively during disease onset or therapeutically after disease onset. Administration of fingolimod during disease onset completely prevented the formation of TSHR-stimulating autoantibodies. Intervention after disease onset rarely reduced TSHR-stimulating autoantibodies and blocking autoantibodies were induced in some animals. Consequently, autoimmune hyperthyroidism characterized by elevated serum thyroxin levels, hyperplastic thyroid morphology accompanied by T cell infiltration, weight gain, enhanced body temperature, and tachycardia did not manifest preventively and showed milder manifestation in therapeutically treated animals. Importantly, examination of orbital tissue showed significant amelioration of orbitopathy manifestations through reduction of T cell infiltration, adipogenesis, and hyaluronan deposition. Autoimmune hyperthyroidism and orbitopathy were accompanied by changes in peripheral and splenic T cell proportions with high CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells. Activated T cells CD4+CD25+ were elevated whereas regulatory T cells CD4+Foxp3+ cells remained unchanged in spleens. Fingolimod decreased elevated T cell levels and increased CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cell populations. Analysis of total disease outcome revealed that treatment during disease onset protected animals against autoimmune hyperthyroidism and orbitopathy. Of note, therapeutic intervention after disease onset suppressed disease in half of the animals and in the other half disease remained at mild stages. The results of this study support a clinical trial to investigate the immunologic and clinical benefits of early treatment with S1P-based drugs in GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Plöhn
- Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Hose
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anke Schlüter
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lars Michel
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Salvador Diaz-Cano
- Department of Histopathology, King's College Hospital, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrike B Hendgen-Cotta
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jasvinder Paul Banga
- Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nikolaos E Bechrakis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hansen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anja Eckstein
- Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Utta Berchner-Pfannschmidt
- Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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20
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López-Fontana CM, Pennacchio G, Zyla LE, Toneatto J, Bruna FA, Ortiz N, Sassi PL, Santiano FE, García S, Sasso CV, Pietrobon EO, Jahn GA, Pistone Creydt V, Soaje M, Carón RW. Effects of hypothyroidism on the mesenteric and omental adipose tissue in rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 490:88-99. [PMID: 31004687 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To characterize the influence of hypothyroidism on the endocrine activity of mesenteric and omental adipose tissue (MOAT) and the peripheral regulation of energy balance (EB) in rats, we analyzed food intake (FI); basal metabolic rate (BMR); locomotor activity; body weight (BW); serum hormone concentrations and the expression of their receptors in MOAT. We evaluated the morphology and differentiation of adipocytes. Hypothyroidism decreased FI, BMR and BW. The percentage of visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) depots and the morphology of adipocytes were similar to euthyroid rats. Serum leptin and adiponectin expression in MOAT were altered by hypothyroidism. The expression of Perilipin 1, HSL, UCP1 and PRDM16 was significantly lower in MOAT of hypothyroid animals. Hypothyroidism in rats leads to a compensated EB by inducing a white adipocyte dysfunction and a decrease in BW, BMR, FI and adipokine secretions without changing the percentage of WAT depots and the morphology of the MOAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M López-Fontana
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), CONICET, CCT-Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - G Pennacchio
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), CONICET, CCT-Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - L E Zyla
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), CONICET, CCT-Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - J Toneatto
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - F A Bruna
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), CONICET, CCT-Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - N Ortiz
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), CONICET, CCT-Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - P L Sassi
- Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas (IADIZA), CONICET, CCT-Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - F E Santiano
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), CONICET, CCT-Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - S García
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), CONICET, CCT-Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - C V Sasso
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), CONICET, CCT-Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - E O Pietrobon
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), CONICET, CCT-Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - G A Jahn
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), CONICET, CCT-Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - V Pistone Creydt
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), CONICET, CCT-Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - M Soaje
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), CONICET, CCT-Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - R W Carón
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), CONICET, CCT-Mendoza, Argentina.
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Wilson N, Steadman R, Muller I, Draman M, Rees DA, Taylor P, Dayan CM, Ludgate M, Zhang L. Role of Hyaluronan in Human Adipogenesis: Evidence from in-Vitro and in-Vivo Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112675. [PMID: 31151314 PMCID: PMC6600677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA), an extra-cellular matrix glycosaminoglycan, may play a role in mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to fat but results using murine models and cell lines are conflicting. Our previous data, illustrating decreased HA production during human adipogenesis, suggested an inhibitory role. We have investigated the role of HA in adipogenesis and fat accumulation using human primary subcutaneous preadipocyte/fibroblasts (PFs, n = 12) and subjects of varying body mass index (BMI). The impact of HA on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) expression was analysed following siRNA knockdown or HA synthase (HAS)1 and HAS2 overexpression. PFs were cultured in complete or adipogenic medium (ADM) with/without 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU = HA synthesis inhibitor). Adipogenesis was evaluated using oil red O (ORO), counting adipogenic foci, and measurement of a terminal differentiation marker. Modulating HA production by HAS2 knockdown or overexpression increased (16%, p < 0.04) or decreased (30%, p = 0.01) PPARγ transcripts respectively. The inhibition of HA by 4-MU significantly enhanced ADM-induced adipogenesis with 1.52 ± 0.18- (ORO), 4.09 ± 0.63- (foci) and 2.6 ± 0.21-(marker)-fold increases compared with the controls, also increased PPARγ protein expression (40%, (p < 0.04)). In human subjects, circulating HA correlated negatively with BMI and triglycerides (r = −0.396 (p = 0.002), r = −0.269 (p = 0.038), respectively), confirming an inhibitory role of HA in human adipogenesis. Thus, enhancing HA action may provide a therapeutic target in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Wilson
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Robert Steadman
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Ilaria Muller
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Mohd Draman
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Malaysia.
| | - D Aled Rees
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Peter Taylor
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Colin M Dayan
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Marian Ludgate
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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22
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Yang N, Zhang H, Gao X, Miao L, Yao Z, Xu Y, Wang G. Role of irisin in Chinese patients with hypothyroidism: an interventional study. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:1592-1601. [PMID: 30722716 PMCID: PMC6460594 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518824445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Irisin is a myokine that greatly affects energy expenditure and systemic metabolism. While thyroid hormone is likely associated with irisin, a direct relationship remains to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate plasma irisin levels in Chinese patients with hypothyroidism. Methods A total of 155 subjects were divided into the hypothyroidism group or the control group. Fifty-seven patients in the hypothyroidism group received levothyroxine treatment. Baseline irisin levels were measured in the two groups and post-treatment levels were measured in the hypothyroidism group. Results Irisin levels were significantly lower in the hypothyroidism group than in the control group. In the hypothyroidism group, irisin levels were positively associated with free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine levels, and negatively associated with thyrotropin levels. In the hypothyroidism group, irisin levels were significantly increased after levothyroxine treatment. Multiple linear regression models showed that total cholesterol and free thyroxine levels were the only significant predictors of serum irisin levels. Conclusions Irisin levels are decreased in patients with hypothyroidism. Our results suggest that decreased irisin levels are directly associated with reduced thyroid hormone levels. These values may be restored after levothyroxine treatment in Chinese patients with hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Miao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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23
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Smith TJ, Janssen JAMJL. Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Receptor and Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:236-267. [PMID: 30215690 PMCID: PMC6338478 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a complex disease process presumed to emerge from autoimmunity occurring in the thyroid gland, most frequently in Graves disease (GD). It is disfiguring and potentially blinding, culminating in orbital tissue remodeling and disruption of function of structures adjacent to the eye. There are currently no medical therapies proven capable of altering the clinical outcome of TAO in randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter trials. The orbital fibroblast represents the central target for immune reactivity. Recent identification of fibroblasts that putatively originate in the bone marrow as monocyte progenitors provides a plausible explanation for why antigens, the expressions of which were once considered restricted to the thyroid, are detected in the TAO orbit. These cells, known as fibrocytes, express relatively high levels of functional TSH receptor (TSHR) through which they can be activated by TSH and the GD-specific pathogenic antibodies that underpin thyroid overactivity. Fibrocytes also express insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) with which TSHR forms a physical and functional signaling complex. Notably, inhibition of IGF-IR activity results in the attenuation of signaling initiated at either receptor. Some studies suggest that IGF-IR-activating antibodies are generated in GD, whereas others refute this concept. These observations served as the rationale for implementing a recently completed therapeutic trial of teprotumumab, a monoclonal inhibitory antibody targeting IGF-IR in TAO. Results of that trial in active, moderate to severe disease revealed dramatic and rapid reductions in disease activity and severity. The targeting of IGF-IR with specific biologic agents may represent a paradigm shift in the therapy of TAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry J Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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24
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Abstract
Obesity has become epidemic worldwide, which triggers several obesity-associated complications. Obesity is characterized by excess fat storage mainly in the visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT), subcutaneous WAT (sWAT), and other tissues. Myriad studies have demonstrated the crucial role of canonical Wnt/β-catenin cascade in the development of organs and physiological homeostasis, whereas recent studies show that genetic variations/mutations in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway are associated with human metabolic diseases. In this review, we highlight the regulation of updated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in obesity, especially the distinctly depot-specific roles between subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue under high-fed diet stimulation and WAT browning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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25
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Stratigou T, Dalamaga M, Antonakos G, Marinou I, Vogiatzakis E, Christodoulatos GS, Karampela I, Papavassiliou AG. Hyperirisinemia is independently associated with subclinical hypothyroidism: correlations with cardiometabolic biomarkers and risk factors. Endocrine 2018; 61:83-93. [PMID: 29455364 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1550-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Irisin, a newly discovered adipo-myokine, is implicated in the modulation of the adipose phenotype, increasing energy expenditure and ameliorating systemic metabolism. Our aim was to investigate circulating irisin in subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) and study its associations with cardiometabolic risk factors. METHODS In a large case-control study, serum irisin, insulin resistance and lipid parameters, classic adipokines, inflammatory and hepatic biomarkers, and cardiovascular risk factors were determined in 120 consecutive patients with SH and 120 healthy controls matched on age, gender, and date of blood draw. Sixteen patients with SH received L-T4 treatment and, after 6 months, serum irisin and other biomarkers were assessed. RESULTS SH cases exhibited significantly higher circulating irisin than controls (p < 0.001). In all participants, irisin was positively associated with TSH, anti-TG, HOMA-IR, C-peptide, lipid and inflammatory biomarkers, leptin, and cardiovascular risk factors, including Framigham score and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I. Irisin was negatively correlated with adiponectin, HDL-C, and thyroid hormones. Serum irisin was independently associated with SH, above and beyond body mass index and cardiometabolic factors (p = 0.02). TSH was an independent predictor of circulating irisin (p = 0.003). L-T4 therapy did not reverse considerably the hyperirisinemic status in treated SH patients (p = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS Irisin may represent an adipo-myokine counterbalancing a potential, gradual deterioration of lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in SH as well as reflecting a protective compensatory mechanism against oxidative muscle and thyroid cell stress. More mechanistic and prospective studies shedding light on the pathogenetic role of irisin in SH are needed to confirm and extend these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Stratigou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias street, 11527, Athens, Greece
- Department of Endocrinology, 'Evangelismos' General Hospital of Athens, 45-47 Ypsilantou street, 10676, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias street, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Georgios Antonakos
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Attikon General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini street, Chaidari, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Marinou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, 'Sotiria' General Hospital, 152 Mesogeion Avenue, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Evaggelos Vogiatzakis
- Laboratory of Microbiology, 'Sotiria' General Hospital, 152 Mesogeion Avenue, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Socrates Christodoulatos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Karampela
- Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini street, Chaidari, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias street, 11527, Athens, Greece
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26
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Cioffi F, Gentile A, Silvestri E, Goglia F, Lombardi A. Effect of Iodothyronines on Thermogenesis: Focus on Brown Adipose Tissue. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:254. [PMID: 29875734 PMCID: PMC5974034 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones significantly influence energy expenditure by affecting the activity of metabolic active tissues, among which, mammalian brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a significant role. For a long time, the modulation of BAT activity by 3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3) has been ascribed to its direct actions on this tissue; however, recent evidence indicates that T3, by stimulating specific brain centers, activates the metabolism of BAT via the sympathetic nervous system. These distinct mechanisms of action are not mutually exclusive. New evidence indicates that 3,5-diiodo-l-thyronine (3,5-T2), a thyroid hormone derivative, exerts thermogenic effects, by influencing mitochondrial activity in metabolically active tissues, such as liver, skeletal muscle, and BAT. At the moment, due to the absence of experiments finalized to render a clear cut discrimination between peripheral and central effects induced by 3,5-T2, it is not possible to exclude that some of the metabolic effects exerted by 3,5-T2 may be mediated centrally. Despite this, some evidence suggests that 3,5-T2 plays a role in adrenergic stimulation of thermogenesis in BAT. This mini-review provides an overview of the effects induced by T3 and 3,5-T2 on BAT thermogenesis, with a focus on data suggesting the involvement of central adrenergic stimulation. These aspects may reveal new perspectives in thyroid physiology and in the control of energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cioffi
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Elena Silvestri
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Fernando Goglia
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
- *Correspondence: Fernando Goglia, ; Assunta Lombardi,
| | - Assunta Lombardi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Fernando Goglia, ; Assunta Lombardi,
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27
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Moreno-Navarrete JM, Moreno M, Ortega F, Xifra G, Hong S, Asara JM, Serrano JCE, Jové M, Pissios P, Blüher M, Ricart W, Portero-Otin M, Fernández-Real JM. TSHB mRNA is linked to cholesterol metabolism in adipose tissue. FASEB J 2017. [PMID: 28646016 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700161r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Subclinical hypothyroidism is known to be associated with increased serum cholesterol. Since thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) exerts an inductor effect on cholesterol biosynthesis, we aimed to investigate the relationship between TSH mRNA and cholesterol metabolism in human adipose tissue (AT). Cross-sectionally, AT TSH-β (TSHB) mRNA was evaluated in 4 independent cohorts in association with serum total and LDL cholesterol, and AT lipidomics. Longitudinally, the effects of statins and of diet and exercise on AT TSHB mRNA were also examined. The bidirectional relationship between cholesterol and TSHB were studied in isolated human adipocytes. TSHB mRNA was consistently detected in AT from euthyroid subjects, and positively associated with serum total- and LDL-cholesterol, and with AT-specific cholesterol metabolism-associated lipids [arachidonoyl cholesteryl ester, C8-dihydroceramide, N-stearoyl-d-sphingosine, and GlcCer(18:0, 24:1)]. Reduction of cholesterol with statins and with diet and exercise interventions led to decreased TSHB mRNA in human AT, whereas excess cholesterol up-regulated TSHB mRNA in human adipocytes. In addition, recombinant human TSH α/β administration resulted in increased HMGCR mRNA levels in human adipocytes. In mice, subcutaneous AT Tshb expression levels correlated directly with circulating cholesterol levels. In summary, current results provide novel evidence of TSHB as a paracrine factor that is modulated in parallel with cholesterol metabolism in human AT.-Moreno-Navarrete, J. M., Moreno, M., Ortega, F., Xifra, G., Hong, S., Asara, J. M., Serrano, J. C. E., Jové, M., Pissios, P., Blüher, M., Ricart, W., Portero-Otin, M., Fernández-Real, J. M. TSHB mRNA is linked to cholesterol metabolism in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain
| | - María Moreno
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain
| | - Francisco Ortega
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain
| | - Gemma Xifra
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Shangyu Hong
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - José C E Serrano
- Nutrició i Envelliment (NUTREN)-Nutrigenomics, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA)-University of Lleida, Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida (PCiTAL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Mariona Jové
- Nutrició i Envelliment (NUTREN)-Nutrigenomics, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA)-University of Lleida, Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida (PCiTAL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Pavlos Pissios
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wifredo Ricart
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Manuel Portero-Otin
- Nutrició i Envelliment (NUTREN)-Nutrigenomics, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA)-University of Lleida, Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida (PCiTAL), Lleida, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Girona, Spain; .,Department of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
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