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Zhou D, Liu H, Zheng L, Liu A, Zhuan Q, Luo Y, Zhou G, Meng L, Hou Y, Wu G, Li J, Fu X. Metformin alleviates cryoinjuries in porcine oocytes by reducing membrane fluidity through the suppression of mitochondrial activity. Commun Biol 2024; 7:925. [PMID: 39090373 PMCID: PMC11294456 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane damage in vitrified oocytes is closely linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the mechanism underlying mitochondria-regulated membrane stability is not elucidated. A growing body of evidence indicates that mitochondrial activity plays a pivotal role in cell adaptation. Since mitochondria work at a higher temperature than the constant external temperature of the cell, we hypothesize that suppressing mitochondrial activity would protect oocytes from extreme stimuli during vitrification. Here we show that metformin suppresses mitochondrial activity by reducing mitochondrial temperature. In addition, metformin affects the developmental potential of oocytes and improves the survival rate after vitrification. Transmission electron microscopy results show that mitochondrial abnormalities are markedly reduced in vitrified oocytes pretreated with metformin. Moreover, we find that metformin transiently inhibits mitochondrial activity. Interestingly, metformin pretreatment decreases cell membrane fluidity after vitrification. Furthermore, transcriptome results demonstrate that metformin pretreatment modulates the expression levels of genes involved in fatty acid elongation process, which is further verified by the increased long-chain saturated fatty acid contents in metformin-pretreated vitrified oocytes by lipidomic profile analysis. In summary, our study indicates that metformin alleviates cryoinjuries by reducing membrane fluidity via mitochondrial activity regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the MARA, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the MARA, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lv Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the MARA, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Aiju Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the MARA, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingrui Zhuan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the MARA, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwen Luo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the MARA, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guizhen Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the MARA, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunpeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoquan Wu
- Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Reproductive Medical Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Xiangwei Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the MARA, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Breeding, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China.
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Kunnath AN, Parker SK, Crasta DN, Kunhiraman JP, Madhvacharya VV, Kumari S, Nayak G, Vani Lakshmi R, Modi PK, Keshava Prasad TS, Kumar A, Khandelwal A, Ghani NK, Kabekkodu SP, Adiga SK, Kalthur G. Metformin augments major cytoplasmic organization except for spindle organization in oocytes cultured under hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic conditions: An in vitro study. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 490:117039. [PMID: 39019093 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.117039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of antidiabetic drug metformin on the cytoplasmic organization of oocytes. Germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes were collected from adult female Swiss albino mice and subjected to in vitro maturation (IVM) in various experimental groups- control, vehicle control (0.3% ethanol), metformin (50 μg/mL), high glucose and high lipid (HGHL, 10 mM glucose; 150 μM palmitic acid; 75 μM stearic acid and 200 μM oleic acid in ethanol), and HGHL supplemented with metformin. The metaphase II (MII) oocytes were analyzed for lipid accumulation, mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) distribution pattern, oxidative and ER stress, actin filament organization, cortical granule distribution pattern, spindle organization and chromosome alignment. An early polar body extrusion was observed in the HGHL group. However, the maturation rate at 24 h did not differ significantly among the experimental groups compared to the control. The HGHL conditions exhibited significantly higher levels of oxidative stress, ER stress, poor actin filament organization, increased lipid accumulation, altered mitochondrial distribution, spindle abnormalities, and chromosome misalignment compared to the control. Except for spindle organization, supplementation of metformin to the HGHL conditions improved all the parameters (non-significant for ER and actin distribution pattern). These results show that metformin exposure in the culture media helped to improve the hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia-induced cytoplasmic anomalies except for spindle organization. Given the crucial role of spindle organization in proper chromosome segregation during oocyte maturation and meiotic resumption, the implications of metformin's limitations in this aspect warrant careful evaluation and further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrutha Nedumbrakkad Kunnath
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Department of Reproductive Science, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Shravani Kanakadas Parker
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Embryology, Department of Reproductive Science, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Daphne Norma Crasta
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Department of Reproductive Science, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Jyolsna Ponnaratta Kunhiraman
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Department of Reproductive Science, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Vanishree Vasave Madhvacharya
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Department of Reproductive Science, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Sandhya Kumari
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Department of Reproductive Science, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Guruprasad Nayak
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Department of Reproductive Science, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - R Vani Lakshmi
- Department of Data Science, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Prashanth Kumar Modi
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Center, University Road, Mangalore 575018, India
| | | | - Anujith Kumar
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Allasandra, Yelahanka, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Ayush Khandelwal
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Nadeem Khan Ghani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Satish Kumar Adiga
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Embryology, Department of Reproductive Science, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Guruprasad Kalthur
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Department of Reproductive Science, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India.
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3
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Rotem RS, Weisskopf MG, Huybrechts KF, Hernández-Díaz S. Paternal Use of Metformin During the Sperm Development Period Preceding Conception and Risk for Major Congenital Malformations in Newborns. Ann Intern Med 2024; 177:851-861. [PMID: 38885501 DOI: 10.7326/m23-1405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin is the most used oral antidiabetic medication. Despite its established safety profile, it has known antiandrogenic and epigenetic modifying effects. This raised concerns about possible adverse developmental effects caused by genomic alterations related to paternal use of metformin during the spermatogenesis period preceding conception. OBJECTIVE To assess the potential adverse intergenerational effect of metformin by examining the association between paternal metformin use during spermatogenesis and major congenital malformations (MCMs) in newborns. DESIGN Nationally representative cohort study. SETTING A large Israeli health fund. PARTICIPANTS 383 851 live births linked to fathers and mothers that occurred in 1999 to 2020. MEASUREMENTS MCMs and parental cardiometabolic conditions were ascertained using clinical diagnoses, medication dispensing information, and laboratory test results. The effect of metformin use on MCMs was estimated using general estimating equations, accounting for concurrent use of other antidiabetic medications and parental cardiometabolic morbidity. RESULTS Compared with unexposed fathers, the prevalence of cardiometabolic morbidity was substantially higher among fathers who used metformin during spermatogenesis, and their spouses. Whereas the crude odds ratio (OR) for paternal metformin exposure in all formulations and MCMs was 1.28 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.64), the adjusted OR was 1.00 (CI, 0.76 to 1.31). Within specific treatment regimens, the adjusted OR was 0.86 (CI, 0.60 to 1.23) for metformin in monotherapy and 1.36 (CI, 1.00 to 1.85) for metformin in polytherapy, a treatment that was more common in patients with more poorly controlled diabetes. LIMITATION Laboratory test results for hemoglobin A1c to assess underlying diabetes severity were available only for a subset of the cohort. CONCLUSION Paternal use of metformin in monotherapy does not increase the risk for MCMs. Association for metformin in polytherapy could potentially be explained by worse underlying parental cardiometabolic risk profile. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran S Rotem
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, and Kahn-Sagol-Maccabi Research and Innovation Institute, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel (R.S.R.)
| | - Marc G Weisskopf
- Department of Environmental Health and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (M.G.W.)
| | - Krista F Huybrechts
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (K.F.H.)
| | - Sonia Hernández-Díaz
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts (S.H.)
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Zafar MI, Chen X. Effects of Calorie Restriction on Preserving Male Fertility Particularly in a State of Obesity. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:256-274. [PMID: 38489002 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00557-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Highlight the importance of exploring nutritional interventions that could be applied as alternative or supplementary therapeutic strategies to enhance men's fertility. RECENT FINDINGS Lifestyle choices have prompted extensive discussions regarding its implications and applications as a complementary therapy. The growing concern over the decline in sperm quality underscores the urgency of investigating these alternative interventions. Calorie restriction (CR) has emerged as a promising strategy to improve male fertility. The efficacy of CR depends on factors like age, ethnicity and genetics. Clinical studies, such as CALERIE, have shown an improvement in serum testosterone level and sexual drive in men with or without obesity. Additionally, CR has been shown to positively impact sperm count and motility; however, its effects on sperm morphology and DNA fragmentation remain less clear, and the literature has shown discrepancies, mainly due to the nature of technically dependent assessment tools. The review advocates a personalized approach to CR, considering individual health profiles to maximize its benefits. It underscores the need for routine, accessible diagnostic techniques in male reproductive health. It suggests that future research should focus on personalized dietary interventions to improve male fertility and overall well-being in individuals with or without obesity and unravel CR's immediate and lasting effects on semen parameters in men without obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ishraq Zafar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, N1 Shangcheng Avenue, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, N1 Shangcheng Avenue, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China.
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5
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Al-Thamarani S, Gad S, Abdel Fattah IO, Hammadi SH, Hammady TM. Comparative analysis of oral and local intraovarian administration of metformin and nanoparticles (NPs11) in alleviating testosterone-induced polycystic ovary syndrome in rats. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102394. [PMID: 38663112 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine and metabolic dysfunction. This study aims to compare the oral and local treatments of metformin or its nanoparticles (NPs11) for ameliorating PCOS in rats. Rats were divided into 4 groups: the control group with no drug treatment; the PCOS group, where subcutaneous testosterone was given (10 mg/kg/day) for 28 days; the MET group, where metformin was administered orally or locally; and the NP group, where metformin NPs11 were also administered orally or locally. Oral administrations were for 21 days, while local injection was performed once surgically. After 7 weeks, all rats were sacrificed; blood glucose and serum hormonal levels and lipid profile were estimated, and the ovaries were assessed by histopathological, Ki-67 immunohistochemical, and histomorphometric evaluations. Blood glucose levels were significantly decreased in groups of orally administered metformin or NPs11 only, while the most efficient option for modulating PCOS-induced hormonal and lipid profile changes was intraovarian injection of NPs11. The ovaries of PCOS rats demonstrated large follicular cysts, massive collagen depositions, and attenuated Ki-67 immunoexpression. Also, the PCOS group revealed a significant decrease in the count of all stages of growing follicles, corpora lutea, granulosa cell layer thickness, and surface area of corpora lutea, in addition to an increase in the number of atretic follicles and follicular cysts, theca cell layer thickness, and surface area of the follicular cysts. All these parameters were recovered with metformin or their NPs11 treatments in different degrees, while local injection of NPs11 was the best option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadeq Al-Thamarani
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Thamar University, Dhamar 87246, Yemen
| | - Shadeed Gad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Islam Omar Abdel Fattah
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | - Sami H Hammadi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Taha M Hammady
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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6
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Zhu Y, Engmann M, Medina D, Han X, Das P, Bartke A, Ellsworth BS, Yuan R. Metformin treatment of juvenile mice alters aging-related developmental and metabolic phenotypes in sex-dependent and sex-independent manners. GeroScience 2024; 46:3197-3218. [PMID: 38227136 PMCID: PMC11009201 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Metformin has attracted increasing interest for its potential benefits in extending healthspan and longevity. This study examined the effects of early-life metformin treatment on the development and metabolism of C57BL/6 J (B6) mice, with metformin administered to juvenile mice from 15 to 56 days of age. Metformin treatment led to decreased body weight in both sexes (P < 0.05, t-test). At 9 weeks of age, mice were euthanized and organ weights were recorded. The relative weight of retroperitoneal fat was decreased in females, while relative weights of perigonadal and retroperitoneal fat were decreased, and relative liver weight was increased in males (P < 0.05, t-test). Glucose and insulin tolerance tests (GTT and ITT) were conducted at the age of 7 weeks. ANOVA revealed a significant impairment in insulin sensitivity by the treatment, and a significantly interactive effect on glucose tolerance between sex and treatment, underscoring a disparity in GTT between sexes in response to the treatment. Metformin treatment reduced circulating insulin levels in fasting and non-fasting conditions for male mice, with no significant alterations observed in female mice. qRT-PCR analysis of glucose metabolism-related genes (Akt2, Glut2, Glut4, Irs1, Nrip1, Pi3k, Pi3kca, Pkca) in the liver and skeletal muscle reveals metformin-induced sex- and organ-specific effects on gene expression. Comparison with previous studies in heterogeneous UM-HET3 mice receiving the same treatment suggests that genetic differences may contribute to variability in the effects of metformin treatment on development and metabolism. These findings indicate that early-life metformin treatment affects development and metabolism in both sex- and genetics-dependent manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 N. Rutledge, P.O. Box 19628, Springfield, IL, 62702, USA
| | - Morgan Engmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 N. Rutledge, P.O. Box 19628, Springfield, IL, 62702, USA
| | - David Medina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 N. Rutledge, P.O. Box 19628, Springfield, IL, 62702, USA
| | - Xiuqi Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 N. Rutledge, P.O. Box 19628, Springfield, IL, 62702, USA
| | - Pratyusa Das
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University SIU School of Medicine, 1135 Lincoln Drive, Life Science III, Room 2062, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 N. Rutledge, P.O. Box 19628, Springfield, IL, 62702, USA
| | - Buffy S Ellsworth
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University SIU School of Medicine, 1135 Lincoln Drive, Life Science III, Room 2062, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Rong Yuan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 N. Rutledge, P.O. Box 19628, Springfield, IL, 62702, USA.
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Azmy Nabeh O, Amr A, Faoosa AM, Esmat E, Osama A, Khedr AS, Amin B, Saud AI, Elmorsy SA. Emerging Perspectives on the Impact of Diabetes Mellitus and Anti-Diabetic Drugs on Premenstrual Syndrome. A Narrative Review. Diabetes Ther 2024; 15:1279-1299. [PMID: 38668996 PMCID: PMC11096298 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-024-01585-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) are global health challenges. Both disorders are often linked to a range of physical and psychological symptoms that significantly impact the quality of life of many women. Yet, the exact relation between DM and PMS is not clear, and the management of both conditions poses a considerable challenge. In this review, we aimed to investigate the interplay between DM, anti-diabetic drugs, and the different theories and symptoms of PMS. Female sex hormones are implicated in the pathophysiology of PMS and can also impair blood glucose control. In addition, patients with diabetes face a higher susceptibility to anxiety and depression disorders, with a significant number of patients experiencing symptoms such as fatigue and difficulty concentrating, which are reported in patients with PMS as well. Complications related to diabetic medications, such as hypoglycemia (with sulfonylurea) and fluid retention (with thiazolidinediones) may also mediate PMS-like symptoms. DM can, in addition, disturb the normal gut microbiota (GM), with a consequent loss of beneficial GM metabolites that guard against PMS, particularly the short-chain fatty acids and serotonin. Among the several available anti-diabetic drugs, those (1) with an anti-inflammatory potential, (2) that can preserve the beneficial GM, and (3) possessing a lower risk for hypoglycemia, might have a favorable outcome in PMS women. Yet, well-designed clinical trials are needed to investigate the anti-diabetic drug(s) of choice for patients with diabetes and PMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia Azmy Nabeh
- Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Alaa Amr
- Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Eshraka Esmat
- Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa Osama
- Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Basma Amin
- Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa I Saud
- Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Dong J, Tong X, Xu J, Pan M, Wang L, Xu F, Wang Y, Li L, Wang T. Metformin improves obesity-related oligoasthenospermia via regulating the expression of HSL in testis in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 968:176388. [PMID: 38367685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Researches have proposed that obesity might contribute to development of oligoasthenospermia. This study was performed to confirm whether obesity contributes to oligoasthenospermia as well as the underlying mechanisms in mice fed with a high fat diet (HFD). Meanwhile, the actions of metformin, a drug of well-known weight-lowering effect, on sperm quality in obese mice were investigated. Our results showed that HFD feeding reduced sperm quality and steroid hormone levels in mice, associated with disruptions in testicular histomorphology and spermatogenesis. Moreover, obesity increased sperm apoptosis. These effects could be prevented by metformin treatment in HFD-fed mice. Mechanistically, an increasement in lipid contents associated with decreased hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) protein expression in testes in HFD-fed mice was observed, which could be improved by metformin treatment. Then, the model of TM4 mouse Sertoli cells stimulated with palmitic acid (PA) was used to investigate the potential effect of lipid retention on testicular apoptosis and sperm quality reduction. In consistent, PA exposure elevated lipid contents as well as apoptosis in TM4 cells, which could also be improved by metformin treatment. Of note, the protein expression of HSL was reduced stimulated by PA in TM4 cells, also rescued by metformin. Then, anti-apoptosis effect of metformin would be lost with the deficiency of HSL. In summary, our study propose that obesity contributes to oligoasthenospermia by increasing sperm apoptosis induced by impaired lipid hydrolysis due to HSL down-regulation, which could be prevented with metformin treatment via regulating the expression of HSL in testis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Dong
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Xiaohui Tong
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Min Pan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Yajuan Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Tongsheng Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
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9
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Kumawat BL, Kumar P, Mahla AS, Kumar A, Kumar A, Singh R, Kumar A. A novel action of insulin sensitizing drug as a potential promotor of preovulatory follicles, ovulation rate and prolificacy in sheep. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:849-863. [PMID: 37957451 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10259-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the insulin-sensitizing drug metformin on preovulatory follicle (POF) number, ovulation rate, fetal rate and prolificacy was studied in forty-six cyclic Malpura ewes. After estrus synchronization, the ewes were equally divided into two groups (n = 23). The treatment group (MET) received a daily oral dose of metformin at a rate of 500 mg/animal for approximately 12 weeks, spanning five estrous cycles, as against untreated control (CON). All the ewes were bred to proven rams at the end of treatment. Ovarian ultrasound scans were performed at each estrus and day 9 of each cycle to assess the number and diameter of POFs and corpora lutea (CL), respectively. A comprehensive assessment of circulating hormones including, estradiol, progesterone, androstenedione, and insulin as well as metabolic indicators such as glucose, and lipid profile parameters was performed. At the end of treatment on the day of estrus (E5D0), the treatment showed a stimulatory effect on follicular development with a 53.2% (P < 0.001) increase in the number of POFs. It also increased the ovulation rate by 67.4% (P < 0.01), with a higher proportion (χ2df1 = 10.7, P < 0.001) of ewes in the MET group having multiple ovulations compared to the CON group (82.6 vs. 30.4%). With 1.48 ± 0.12 prolificacy rate in MET ewes, the proportion of ewes giving birth to multiple lambs was 2.9-fold higher than in the CON group. Plasma estradiol, insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were lower (P < 0.05) in the MET ewes than in the CON. The results of the present study indicate that metformin can increase the number of POF, ovulation rate, fetal rate and prolificacy in ewes, while reducing the plasma estradiol, insulin, glucose and cholesterol in MET ewes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu Lal Kumawat
- Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Division, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, 304 501, India
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner (RAJUVAS), Rajasthan, 334 001, India
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Parbhani (MAFSU, Nagpur), Maharashtra, 431 402, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner (RAJUVAS), Rajasthan, 334 001, India
| | - Ajit Singh Mahla
- Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Division, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, 304 501, India.
| | - Ashok Kumar
- ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Arid Region Campus, Bikaner, Rajasthan, 334 006, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner (RAJUVAS), Rajasthan, 334 001, India
| | - Raghvendar Singh
- Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Division, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, 304 501, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, 304 501, India
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10
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Fan C, Zhang J, Qiu D. Causal relationship between genetically predicted type 2 diabetes mellitus and male infertility. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1357279. [PMID: 38529400 PMCID: PMC10961381 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1357279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) stands as the most prevalent endocrine abnormality affecting the physiological systems and organs and impairing the male reproductive functions. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), accounting for about 90-95% of DM, is closely associated with male infertility. However, the magnitude of the causal relationships between T2DM and male infertility remains unclear. The current investigation was to explore the causal relationship between T2DM and male infertility utilizing the Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis. Methods A two-sample MR (2SMR) analysis was conducted to investigate the causal relationship between T2DM and male infertility in the European population from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data that was publicly accessible. GWAS for T2DM and male infertility were extracted from the IEU Open GWAS Project database, with the resulting data encompassing 680 cases and 72,799 controls as the outcome data. Five MR methods were employed for the 2SMR analyses, namely the MR-Egger, weighted median estimation (WME), weighted mode (WM), inverse-variance weighted (IVW), and simple mode. The primary analytical technique utilized in this study was the IVW method, and a multivariate MR analysis was executed to examine the potential mediating influences of T2DM on male infertility. Results Following were the odds ratios (ORs) and associated 95% CIs derived from IVW (fixed effects), MR-Egger, WM, WME, and simple mode approaches: 0.824 (95% CI 0.703-0.966), 0.726 (95% CI 0.527-1.001), 0.827 (95% CI 0.596-1.150), 0.841 (95% CI 0.654-1.082), and 0.875 (95% CI 0.544-1.405), respectively. The outcomes of the heterogeneity tests were P=0.378 and P=0.384, respectively, implying no heterogeneity. Egger-intercept outcomes were P=0.374, highlighting the absence of pleiotropy. The stability of the results was affirmed through the leave-one-out analysis. Notably, all F-values surpassed 10, indicating the absence of weak bias attributed to instrument variables(IVs). Conclusions This research furnishes evidence supporting a causal association between T2DM and male infertility. These insights offer a foundation for future investigations aiming to establish the association between genetically predicted T2DM and male infertility. These outcomes suggest the significance of active monitoring and proactive measures for preventing infertility in male individuals with T2DM. Furthermore, careful consideration is required for individuals of reproductive age to prevent and treat T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihua Fan
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Blood Transfusion, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- The Center of Information, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- The Center of Information, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dongbiao Qiu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Department of Blood Transfusion, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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11
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Geng Y, Wang Z, Xu X, Sun X, Dong X, Luo Y, Sun X. Extensive therapeutic effects, underlying molecular mechanisms and disease treatment prediction of Metformin: a systematic review. Transl Res 2024; 263:73-92. [PMID: 37567440 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Metformin (Met), a first-line management for type 2 diabetes mellitus, has been expansively employed and studied with results indicating its therapeutic potential extending beyond glycemic control. Beyond its established role, this therapeutic drug demonstrates a broad spectrum of action encompassing over 60 disorders, encompassing metabolic conditions, inflammatory disorders, carcinomas, cardiovascular diseases, and cerebrovascular pathologies. There is clear evidence of Met's action targeting specific nodes in the molecular pathways of these diseases and, intriguingly, interactions with the intestinal microbiota and epigenetic processes have been explored. Furthermore, novel Met derivatives with structural modifications tailored to diverse diseases have been synthesized and assessed. This manuscript proffers a comprehensive thematic review of the diseases amenable to Met treatment, elucidates their molecular mechanisms, and employs informatics technology to prospect future therapeutic applications of Met. These data and insights gleaned considerably contribute to enriching our understanding and appreciation of Met's far-reaching clinical potential and therapeutic applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Geng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Diabetes Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Diabetes Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Diabetes Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Diabetes Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, China
| | - Xi Dong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Diabetes Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Diabetes Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, China.
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Diabetes Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, China.
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12
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Sadati MS, Yazdanpanah N, Shahriarirad R, Javaheri R, Parvizi MM. Efficacy of metformin vs. doxycycline in treating acne vulgaris: An assessor-blinded, add-on, randomized, controlled clinical trial. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:2816-2823. [PMID: 37128834 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) plays a role in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. Metformin can reduce IGF-1 levels and insulin resistance, so it may be useful in treating acne. OBJECTIVE This study compared the efficacy of metformin and doxycycline in treating patients with acne vulgaris. METHODS In this assessor-blind, add-on, randomized controlled clinical trial, we enrolled 40 patients with moderate acne vulgaris aged 15-40 and randomly divided them into two groups. For two months, the first group received doxycycline 100 mg capsules daily, and the second received metformin 500 mg tablets twice daily. The patients in both groups were adminitered to apply a fingertip (fourth finger) of 5% benzoyl peroxide gel (Pangel®) topically every night over the lesions, and to wash it off after 30 min. Patients were evaluated using the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) score, Investigator Global Assessment for Acne (IGA) score, Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI), Total Acne Lesion Count (TLC), and the number of inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions. RESULTS By the end of the study, the GAGS, IGA, CADI, and TLC scores and the number of inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions decreased significantly in both groups (p < 0.001), with no significant difference between the two groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION This trial indicates equal efficacy of doxycycline and metformin in reducing acne vulgaris severity, with doxycycline performing better in reducing lesions of the inflammatory type. Confirmatory or equivalence clinical trials should be performed to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sadat Sadati
- Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nazafarin Yazdanpanah
- Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Shahriarirad
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Rojan Javaheri
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Parvizi
- Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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13
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Latif S, Saridogan E. Endometriosis, Oocyte, and Embryo Quality. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4186. [PMID: 37445220 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common finding among women with infertility, and women who are diagnosed with endometriosis are almost twice as likely to experience infertility. Mechanisms by which endometriosis causes infertility remain poorly understood. In this review, we evaluate the current literature on the impact of endometriosis on oocyte and embryo quality. The presence of endometriosis evidently reduces ovarian reserve, oocyte quality, and embryo quality; however, this does not appear to translate to a clear clinical impact. Analysis of data from large assisted reproduction technology registries has shown that women with endometriosis have a lower oocyte yield but no reduction in reproductive outcomes. There is a need for future studies in the form of well-designed randomized controlled trials to further evaluate the role of surgical and medical treatment options in women with endometriosis undergoing assisted conception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sania Latif
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, University College London Hospital, London NW1 2BU, UK
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London WC1E 6HU, UK
| | - Ertan Saridogan
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, University College London Hospital, London NW1 2BU, UK
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London WC1E 6HU, UK
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14
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Van Cauwenberghe J, De Block C, Vanderschueren D, Antonio L. Effects of treatment for diabetes mellitus on testosterone concentrations: A systematic review. Andrology 2023; 11:225-233. [PMID: 36251281 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low testosterone levels are frequently present in men with obesity and insulin resistance. Currently available treatment options (testosterone replacement therapy or lifestyle changes) hold possible risks or are insufficient. Since low testosterone levels are closely related to obesity and type 2 diabetes, treatment modalities for these conditions could result into improvement of testosterone levels. OBJECTIVES To summarize the available evidence on the effects of traditional and recent treatment modalities for diabetes mellitus on testosterone levels and androgen-deficiency-related signs and symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed was searched from the year 2000 till present using MESH terms: "hypogonadism," "testosterone," "testosterone deficiency," "functional hypogonadism," and the different classes of medications. Studies with observational and experimental designs on humans that evaluated the effect of antidiabetic medications on gonadotropins and testosterone were eligible for inclusion. RESULTS Current available data show no or only limited improvement on testosterone levels with the classic antidiabetic drugs. Studies with GLP1-receptor analogues show beneficial effects on both body weight and testosterone levels in men with low testosterone levels and obesity with or without type 2 diabetes. However, data are limited to small and heterogeneous study groups and only few studies report data about impact on androgen-deficiency-related signs and symptoms. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION With the recent advances in the knowledge of the pathophysiological pathways in obesity, there is an enormous progress in the development of medications for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Newer incretin-based agents have a great potential for the treatment of functional hypogonadism due to obesity since they show promising weight reducing results. However, before the use of GLP1-receptor analogues can be suggested to treat functional hypogonadism, further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolijn Van Cauwenberghe
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium.,University of Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics (LEMP), Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Christophe De Block
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium.,University of Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics (LEMP), Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Dirk Vanderschueren
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Antonio
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Leuven, Belgium
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15
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Gerbier E, Favre G, Maisonneuve E, Ceulemans M, Winterfeld U, Dao K, Schmid CPR, Jenkinson SP, Niznik B, Baud D, Spoendlin J, Panchaud A. Antidiabetic Medication Utilisation before and during Pregnancy in Switzerland between 2012 and 2019: An Administrative Claim Database from the MAMA Cohort. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:4105993. [PMID: 37206113 PMCID: PMC10191745 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4105993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of diabetes mellitus (both pregestational and gestational) is increasing worldwide, and hyperglycemia during pregnancy is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Evidence on the safety and efficacy of metformin during pregnancy has accumulated resulting in an increase in its prescription in many reports. Aims We aimed to determine the prevalence of antidiabetic drug use (insulins and blood glucose-lowering drugs) before and during pregnancy in Switzerland and the changes therein during pregnancy and over time. Methods We conducted a descriptive study using Swiss health insurance claims (2012-2019). We established the MAMA cohort by identifying deliveries and estimating the last menstrual period. We identified claims for any antidiabetic medication (ADM), insulins, blood glucose-lowering drugs, and individual substances within each class. We defined three groups of pattern use based on timing of dispensation: (1) dispensation of at least one ADM in the prepregnancy period and in or after trimester 2 (T2) (pregestational diabetes); (2) dispensation for the first time in or after T2 (GDM); and (3) dispensation in the prepregnancy period and no dispensation in or after T2 (discontinuers). Within the pregestational diabetes group, we further defined continuers (dispensation for the same group of ADM) and switchers (different ADM group dispensed in the prepregnancy period and in or after T2). Results MAMA included 104,098 deliveries with a mean maternal age at delivery of 31.7. Antidiabetic dispensations among pregnancies with pregestational and gestational diabetes increased over time. Insulin was the most dispensed medication for both diseases. Between 2017 and 2019, less than 10% of pregnancies treated for pregestational diabetes continued metformin rather than switching to insulin. Metformin was offered to less than 2% of pregnancies to treat gestational diabetes (2017-2019). Conclusion Despite its position in the guidelines and the attractive alternative that metformin represents to patients who may encounter barriers with insulin therapy, there was reluctance to prescribe it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gerbier
- Service of Pharmacy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Materno-Fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department “Woman-Mother-Child”, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Favre
- Materno-Fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department “Woman-Mother-Child”, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emeline Maisonneuve
- Materno-Fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department “Woman-Mother-Child”, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Ceulemans
- Teratology Information Service, Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, 's-Hertogenbosch, 5237 MH Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- L-C&Y, KU Leuven Child and Youth Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ursula Winterfeld
- Swiss Teratogen Information Service and Clinical Pharmacology Service, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kim Dao
- Swiss Teratogen Information Service and Clinical Pharmacology Service, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian P. R. Schmid
- Christian P.R. Schmid, CSS Institute for Empirical Health Economics, 6002 Lucerne, Switzerland
- Department of Economics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephen P. Jenkinson
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bartlomiej Niznik
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Baud
- Materno-Fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department “Woman-Mother-Child”, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julia Spoendlin
- Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Basel Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alice Panchaud
- Service of Pharmacy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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16
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Giulivi C, Wang JY, Hagerman RJ. Artificial neural network applied to fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome stage diagnosis based on peripheral mitochondrial bioenergetics and brain imaging outcomes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21382. [PMID: 36496525 PMCID: PMC9741636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
No proven prognosis is available for the neurodegenerative disorder fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). Artificial neural network analyses (ANN) were used to predict FXTAS progression using data from 127 adults (noncarriers and FMR1 premutation carriers with and without FXTAS) with five outcomes from brain MRI imaging and 22 peripheral bioenergetic outcomes from two cell types. Diagnosis accuracy by ANN predictions ranged from 41.7 to 86.3% (depending on the algorithm used), and those misclassified usually presented a higher FXTAS stage. ANN prediction of FXTAS stages was based on a combination of two imaging findings (white matter hyperintensity and whole-brain volumes adjusted for intracranial volume) and four bioenergetic outcomes. Those at Stage 3 vs. 0-2 showed lower mitochondrial mass, higher oxidative stress, and an altered electron transfer consistent with mitochondrial unfolded protein response activation. Those at Stages 4-5 vs. 3 had higher oxidative stress and glycerol-3-phosphate-linked ATP production, suggesting that targeting mGPDH activity may prevent a worse prognosis. This was confirmed by the bioenergetic improvement of inhibiting mGPDH with metformin in affected fibroblasts. ANN supports the prospect of an unbiased molecular definition in diagnosing FXTAS stages while identifying potential targets for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Giulivi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
- MIND Institute, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| | - Jun Yi Wang
- MIND Institute, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Randi J Hagerman
- MIND Institute, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
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17
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Du Y, Zhu YJ, Zhou YX, Ding J, Liu JY. Metformin in therapeutic applications in human diseases: its mechanism of action and clinical study. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:41. [PMID: 36484892 PMCID: PMC9733765 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00108-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin, a biguanide drug, is the most commonly used first-line medication for type 2 diabetes mellites due to its outstanding glucose-lowering ability. After oral administration of 1 g, metformin peaked plasma concentration of approximately 20-30 μM in 3 h, and then it mainly accumulated in the gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidney. Substantial studies have indicated that metformin exerts its beneficial or deleterious effect by multiple mechanisms, apart from AMPK-dependent mechanism, also including several AMPK-independent mechanisms, such as restoring of redox balance, affecting mitochondrial function, modulating gut microbiome and regulating several other signals, such as FBP1, PP2A, FGF21, SIRT1 and mTOR. On the basis of these multiple mechanisms, researchers tried to repurpose this old drug and further explored the possible indications and adverse effects of metformin. Through investigating with clinical studies, researchers concluded that in addition to decreasing cardiovascular events and anti-obesity, metformin is also beneficial for neurodegenerative disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, aging, cancer and COVID-19, however, it also induces some adverse effects, such as gastrointestinal complaints, lactic acidosis, vitamin B12 deficiency, neurodegenerative disease and offspring impairment. Of note, the dose of metformin used in most studies is much higher than its clinically relevant dose, which may cast doubt on the actual effects of metformin on these disease in the clinic. This review summarizes these research developments on the mechanism of action and clinical evidence of metformin and discusses its therapeutic potential and clinical safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Du
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Juan Zhu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-Xin Zhou
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Ding
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Ji-Yan Liu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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18
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Nørgård BM, Fedder J, Jølving LR, Damkier P, Nielsen J. Adverse Birth and Child Outcomes in Children Fathered by Men Treated with Antidiabetics Prior to Conception: A Nationwide Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:6595. [PMID: 36362820 PMCID: PMC9654141 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The safety of fathers' use of antidiabetic drugs in terms of child outcomes is an important clinical question. We aimed to assess the risk of adverse birth and early childhood outcomes after fathers' use of antidiabetics prior to conception. METHODS A nationwide cohort study based on Danish health registries. The study comprised all live born singleton children in Denmark (1997 through 2018). Children were categorized according to fathers' filled prescriptions for antidiabetic drugs three months prior to conception. Exposed cohorts: children born after paternal use of insulin or non-insulin anti-hyperglycemic agents. The unexposed constituted children born by fathers not treated with antidiabetics prior to conception. We examined adverse birth outcomes (preterm birth, small for gestational age (SGA)), and adverse childhood outcomes in the first year of life (major congenital malformations (MCMs), and infections diagnosed at a hospital). RESULTS A total of 1,318,684 children were included. In all, 5527 children were born after paternal use of insulin, 2121 after use of non-insulin anti-hyperglycemic agents, and 1,311,036 were unexposed. After fathers' use of insulin we did not find increased risk of adverse outcomes. After fathers' use of metformin, the adjusted OR of MCMs was 1.40 (95% CI 1.11-1.76). After fathers' use of sulfonylureas, the adjusted OR of SGA was 1.80 (95% CI 1.11-2.93), and for child gastrointestinal infections the adjusted HR was 1.76 (95% CI 1.04-2.99). CONCLUSIONS Fathers' use of insulin was reassuring. Metformin and sulfonylureas were associated with selected adverse outcomes. Our findings suggest an additional 14 MCMs per 1000 fathers exposed to metformin prior to conception. As there is no meaningful supporting biological rationale, these findings should be confirmed in a different population prior to clinical consequences being drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Mertz Nørgård
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jens Fedder
- Centre of Andrology and Fertility Clinic, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Line Riis Jølving
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Per Damkier
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jan Nielsen
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
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19
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Naser M, Sheida H, Alireza N, Abdolkarim H. Protective efficacy of dark chocolate in letrozole-induced ovary toxicity model rats: hormonal, biochemical, and histopathological investigation. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2022; 42:741-748. [PMID: 36083481 PMCID: PMC9924779 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the protective effect of dark chocolate (DC) on the letrozole-induced rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS In this experimental study, 32 female Wistar rats, weighing (200 ± 20) g, were randomly categorized into 4 groups including control, letrozole (1 mg·kg·d), metformin (500 mg·kg·d) along with letrozole, and DC (500 mg·kg·d) along with letrozole for 28 d by oral gavage. Twenty-four hours after the last supplementation, direct blood sampling was taken from the heart to obtain blood serum for evaluation of sex hormones and gonadotropins, oxidative parameters, inflammatory cytokines, and ovarian tissue was examined for histology. RESULTS The DC treatment significantly improved PCOS signs, as demonstrated by the significant restoration of ovarian morphology and physiological functions as compared with the letrozole group. DC treatment also decreased ovarian interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α levels and improved total oxidative/antioxidative status as compared with the letrozole group. CONCLUSIONS Treating the animals with DC could alleviate the PCOS symptoms and reduced the toxic effects of letrozole in the ovary. This effect may mediate through antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirazi Naser
- 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517433391, Iran
| | - Hesami Sheida
- 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517433391, Iran
| | - Nourian Alireza
- 2 Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517433391, Iran
| | - Hosseini Abdolkarim
- 3 Department of Animal Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
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Ullah A, Pervaz S, Adu-Gyamfi EA, Czika A, Guo M, Wang MJ, Wang YX. CXCL13 and CXCR5 are upregulated in PCOS mice ovaries but downregulated following metformin administration. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 556:111730. [PMID: 35921919 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is becoming a common pathology among women, yet its pathogenesis remains enigmatic. The chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 13 (CXCL13) and its receptor type 5 (CXCR5) regulate inflammatory responses but their roles in PCOS remain unknown. Metformin is commonly administered to PCOS patients but its mechanism of action remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to determine the expression of CXCL13 and CXCR5 in the ovaries of PCOS mice and to evaluate the therapeutic effect of metformin on them. The study comprised four groups of mice: control, PCOS, PCOS plus metformin, and PCOS plus vehicle. CXCL13 and CXCR5 were found to be elevated in the ovarian tissues of the PCOS mice. Metformin reduced ovarian CXCL13 and CXCR5 expressions in the PCOS mice. Hence, CXCL13 and CXCR5 are potentially involved in PCOS pathogenesis; and metformin may help alleviate the symptoms of PCOS by inhibiting CXCL13 expression and actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ullah
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sadaf Pervaz
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Enoch Appiah Adu-Gyamfi
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Armin Czika
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
| | - Man Guo
- Department of Physiology of School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Jiao Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Department of Physiology of School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying-Xiong Wang
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Barbieri PA, Mari-Ribeiro IP, Lupepsa L, Gigliolli AAS, Paupitz BR, de Melo RF, de Souza Leite Mello EV, de Brito Portela-Castro AL, Borin-Carvalho LA. Metformin-induced alterations in gills of the freshwater fish Astyanax lacustris (Lütken, 1875) detected by histological and scanning electron microscopy. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:1205-1216. [PMID: 36042120 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02580-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The antidiabetic drug metformin is widely prescribed and found in different concentrations in the environment around the world, raising concern about potential impacts on aquatic life. Analyses of the effects of exposure of biological models to aquatic contaminants are important for assessing pollution effects on fish health. The gills of fishes represent primary targets of disturbance by pollutants, mainly because of the large surface of the respiratory epithelium and the high perfusion rate, which both help the entry of pollutants into this tissue. In this context, the aim of this work was to use gill histological analyses biomarkers to evaluate the toxicity of metformin on aquatic environmental systems, by means of chronic exposure for 90 days of Astyanax lacustris (lambari), an ecologically important neotropical species that can be used as an environmental bioindicator. Histopathological analyses were performed using Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The main changes were lamellar fusion, telangiectasia hyperplasia and disappearance of microridges. The morphological changes observed possibly interfere with the gill physiology, indicating an unfavorable situation to the presence of metformin in the water, pointing to a concern that metformin may pose a risk to Astyanax lacustris and likely to other fish species, compromising the dynamics of the aquatic ecosystem as a whole. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Americo Barbieri
- Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil.
| | - Isabelle Pereira Mari-Ribeiro
- Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Luara Lupepsa
- Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | | | - Brennda Ribeiro Paupitz
- Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Fernando de Melo
- Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Luiza de Brito Portela-Castro
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (Nupélia), Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
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Metformin Exhibits an Attractive Antineoplastic Effect on Human Endometrial Cancer by Regulating the Hippo Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5824617. [PMID: 36226249 PMCID: PMC9550502 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5824617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Metformin, the first-line oral antidiabetic medicine, has shown great antineoplastic potential in various cancer types, despite an unclear mechanism. This study aimed to elucidate the possible mechanism of metformin as a chemotherapy agent with less reproductive and genetic toxicity in human endometrial cancer. The type I endometrial carcinoma cell lines Ishikawa and RL95-2 were treated with metformin. Cell functions, such as proliferation, migration, and invasion, were analyzed. Flow cytometry was performed for cell cycle and apoptosis analyses. Simultaneously, RT-qPCR and western blotting were performed to explore the possible mechanism. Moreover, YAP1 knockout Ishikawa cells were established via lentivirus to demonstrate the underlying mechanism. The results showed that metformin mediated Ishikawa and RL95-2 cell growth inhibition in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The IC50 values of metformin in Ishikawa and RL95-2 cells were 10 mM and 8 mM, respectively. The migration and invasion abilities were also inhibited in the metformin-treated group using wound healing assays and transwell migration and invasion assays, and Ishikawa and RL95-2 cells were arrested in the G1 or G2 phase, respectively. Moreover, the cell proportions of cells in both early and late apoptosis stages were dramatically elevated when treated with metformin, as was the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 expression. Additionally, the expression levels of YAP1 mRNA and protein in the treatment group were much lower than those in the control group. The cellular behaviors of YAP1 knockout Ishikawa cells were similar to those in the metformin-treated group. Our results demonstrated that it is an attractive alternative to cytotoxic chemotherapy in human endometrial cancer, and YAP of the Hippo pathway may be a potential molecular target. This study provides novel ideas for the adjuvant therapy of endometrial cancer patients, especially for women with strong fertility desires and demands.
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Xu B, Dai W, Liu L, Han H, Zhang J, Du X, Pei X, Fu X. Metformin ameliorates polycystic ovary syndrome in a rat model by decreasing excessive autophagy in ovarian granulosa cells via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Endocr J 2022; 69:863-875. [PMID: 35228471 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common gynecological disease accompanied by a variety of clinical features, including anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and ovarian abnormalities, resulting in infertility. PCOS affects approximately 6%-15% of all reproductive-age women worldwide. Metformin, a popular drug used to treat PCOS in patients, has beneficial effects in reducing hyperandrogenism and inducing ovulation; however, the mechanisms by which metformin ameliorates PCOS are not clear. Hence, we aimed to explore the mechanisms of metformin in treating PCOS. In the present study, we first treated a letrozole-induced PCOS rat model with metformin, detected the pathological recovery of PCOS, and then assessed the effects of metformin on H2O2-induced autophagy in ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) by detecting the level of oxidative stress and the expression of autophagy-associated proteins and key proteins in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. We demonstrated that metformin ameliorated PCOS in a rat model by downregulating autophagy in GCs, and metformin decreased the levels of oxidative stress and autophagy in H2O2-induced GCs and affected the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Taken together, our results indicate that metformin ameliorates PCOS in a rat model by decreasing excessive autophagy in GCs via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and this study provides evidence for targeted reduction of excessive autophagy of ovarian granulosa cells and improvement of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Wenjie Dai
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Hang Han
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xing Du
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xiuying Pei
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xufeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
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24
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Tseng CH. Metformin’s effects on varicocele, erectile dysfunction, infertility and prostate-related diseases: A retrospective cohort study. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:799290. [PMID: 35935880 PMCID: PMC9355151 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.799290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the risk of varicocele, erectile dysfunction (ED), infertility, prostatitis, benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer associated with metformin use. Materials and methods: A total of 261,838 males, mean age 52.39 years (SD: 11.39), with a new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus in 1999–2009 were identified from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance. Among them, 175,171 were metformin initiators [metformin (+)] and 86,667 were non-metformin initiators [metformin (−)] in the initial 12-month prescriptions of antidiabetic drugs. Follow-up started after the initial 12-month prescriptions. Outcomes were followed up until 31 December 2011. Intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) hazard ratios comparing metformin (+) to metformin (−) were estimated by Cox regression incorporated with the inverse probability of treatment-weighting using propensity scores. Results: The median follow-up time ranged 5.55–6.82 years in metformin (−) and 4.36–5.17 years in metformin (+) for different outcomes in ITT analyses. The respective median follow-up time in PP analyses ranged 2.20–2.61 years in metformin (−) and ranged 3.99–4.65 years in metformin (+). In the ITT analyses, for metformin (−), the incidence rates (per 100,000 person-years) of varicocele, ED, infertility, prostatitis, BPH and prostate cancer were 26.42, 455.89, 22.82, 590.23, 4226.19, and 141.69, respectively; and the respective incidence rates for metformin (+) were 25.65, 488.10, 32.60, 510.30, 3685.66, and 116.57. The hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) comparing metformin (+) to metformin (−) in the ITT analyses were 0.960 (0.784–1.174) for varicocele, 1.077 (1.026–1.130) for ED, 1.368 (1.116–1.676) for infertility, 0.887 (0.849–0.927) for prostatitis, 0.883 (0.868–0.899) for BPH and 0.878 (0.802–0.961) for prostate cancer. The hazard ratios for the respective outcomes in the PP analyses were 0.845 (0.662–1.078), 1.350 (1.264–1.441), 1.396 (1.078–1.808), 0.800 (0.756–0.846), 0.875 (0.855–0.895), and 0.613 (0.548–0.686). Conclusion: Metformin use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with a neutral effect on varicocele, a higher risk of sexual dysfunction (ED and infertility) and a reduced risk of prostate-related health (prostatitis, BPH and prostate cancer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hsiao Tseng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine of the National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chin-Hsiao Tseng,
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25
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Derkach KV, Bondareva VM, Sharova TS, Shpakov AO. Efficacy of Various Metformin Doses for the Restoration of Metabolic Indices and Hormonal Status in Early Weaned Male Rats. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022040275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Umehara T, Winstanley YE, Andreas E, Morimoto A, Williams EJ, Smith KM, Carroll J, Febbraio MA, Shimada M, Russell DL, Robker RL. Female reproductive life span is extended by targeted removal of fibrotic collagen from the mouse ovary. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn4564. [PMID: 35714185 PMCID: PMC9205599 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn4564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The female ovary contains a finite number of oocytes, and their release at ovulation becomes sporadic and disordered with aging and with obesity, leading to loss of fertility. Understanding the molecular defects underpinning this pathology is essential as age of childbearing and obesity rates increase globally. We identify that fibrosis within the ovarian stromal compartment is an underlying mechanism responsible for impaired oocyte release, which is initiated by mitochondrial dysfunction leading to diminished bioenergetics, oxidative damage, inflammation, and collagen deposition. Furthermore, antifibrosis drugs (pirfenidone and BGP-15) eliminate fibrotic collagen and restore ovulation in reproductively old and obese mice, in association with dampened M2 macrophage polarization and up-regulated MMP13 protease. This is the first evidence that ovarian fibrosis is reversible and indicates that drugs targeting mitochondrial metabolism may be a viable therapeutic strategy for women with metabolic disorders or advancing age to maintain ovarian function and extend fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Umehara
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasmyn E. Winstanley
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Eryk Andreas
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Atsushi Morimoto
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Elisha J. Williams
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kirsten M. Smith
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - John Carroll
- Development and Stem Cells Program and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark A. Febbraio
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Masayuki Shimada
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Darryl L. Russell
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rebecca L. Robker
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Development and Stem Cells Program and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Corresponding author.
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Froment P, Plotton I, Giulivi C, Fabre S, Khoueiry R, Mourad NI, Horman S, Ramé C, Rouillon C, Grandhaye J, Bigot Y, Chevaleyre C, Le Guevel R, Mallegol P, Andriantsitohaina R, Guerif F, Tamburini J, Viollet B, Foretz M, Dupont J. At the crossroads of fertility and metabolism: the importance of AMPK-dependent signaling in female infertility associated with hyperandrogenism. Hum Reprod 2022; 37:1207-1228. [PMID: 35459945 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What biological processes are linked to the signaling of the energy sensor 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in mouse and human granulosa cells (GCs)? SUMMARY ANSWER The lack of α1AMPK in GCs impacted cell cycle, adhesion, lipid metabolism and induced a hyperandrogenic response. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY AMPK is expressed in the ovarian follicle, and its activation by pharmacological medications, such as metformin, inhibits the production of steroids. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is responsible for infertility in approximately 5-20% of women of childbearing age and possible treatments include reducing body weight, improving lifestyle and the administration of a combination of drugs to improve insulin resistance, such as metformin. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION AMPK signaling was evaluated by analyzing differential gene expression in immortalized human granulosa cells (KGNs) with and without silencing α1AMPK using CRISPR/Cas9. In vivo studies included the use of a α1AMPK knock-out mouse model to evaluate the role of α1AMPK in folliculogenesis and fertility. Expression of α1AMPK was evaluated in primary human granulosa-luteal cells retrieved from women undergoing IVF with and without a lean PCOS phenotype (i.e. BMI: 18-25 kg/m2). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS α1AMPK was disrupted in KGN cells and a transgenic mouse model. Cell viability, proliferation and metabolism were evaluated. Androgen production was evaluated by analyzing protein levels of relevant enzymes in the steroid pathway by western blots, and steroid levels obtained from in vitro and in vivo models by mass spectrometry. Differential gene expression in human GC was obtained by RNA sequencing. Analysis of in vivo murine folliculogenesis was performed by histology and immunochemistry, including evaluation of the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) marker. The α1AMPK gene expression was evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR in primary GCs obtained from women with the lean PCOS phenotype (n = 8) and without PCOS (n = 9). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Silencing of α1AMPK in KGN increased cell proliferation (P < 0.05 versus control, n = 4), promoted the use of fatty acids over glucose, and induced a hyperandrogenic response resulting from upregulation of two of the enzymes involved in steroid production, namely 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βHSD) and P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) (P < 0.05, n = 3). Female mice deficient in α1AMPK had a 30% decrease in their ovulation rate (P < 0.05, n = 7) and litter size, a hyperandrogenic response (P < 0.05, n = 7) with higher levels of 3βHSD and p450scc levels in the ovaries, and an increase in the population of antral follicles (P < 0.01, n = 10) compared to controls. Primary GCs from lean women with PCOS had lower α1AMPK mRNA expression levels than the control group (P < 0.05, n = 8-9). LARGE SCALE DATA The FastQ files and metadata were submitted to the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) at EMBL-EBI under accession number PRJEB46048. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The human KGN is a not fully differentiated, transformed cell line. As such, to confirm the role of AMPK in GC and the PCOS phenotype, this model was compared to two others: an α1AMPK transgenic mouse model and primary differentiated granulosa-lutein cells from non-obese women undergoing IVF (with and without PCOS). A clear limitation is the small number of patients with PCOS utilized in this study and that the collection of human GCs was performed after hormonal stimulation. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our results reveal that AMPK is directly involved in steroid production in human GCs. In addition, AMPK signaling was associated with other processes frequently reported as dysfunctional in PCOS models, such as cell adhesion, lipid metabolism and inflammation. Silencing of α1AMPK in KGN promoted folliculogenesis, with increases in AMH. Evaluating the expression of the α1AMPK subunit could be considered as a marker of interest in infertility cases related to hormonal imbalances and metabolic disorders, including PCOS. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was financially supported by the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) and the national programme « FERTiNERGY » funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR). The authors report no intellectual or financial conflicts of interest related to this work. R.K. is identified as personnel of the International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization. R.K. alone is responsible for the views expressed in this article and she does not necessarily represent the decisions, policy or views of the International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Froment
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | - Ingrid Plotton
- Molecular Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University Hospital, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Bron, France
| | - Cecilia Giulivi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
- The MIND Institute, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Stephane Fabre
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Rita Khoueiry
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Nizar I Mourad
- Pôle de Chirurgie Expérimentale et Transplantation, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Horman
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christelle Ramé
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | | | | | - Yves Bigot
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Remy Le Guevel
- Plate-forme ImPACcell, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Patricia Mallegol
- SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, UNIV Angers, Angers, France
- Federative Structure of Research Cellular Interactions and Therapeutic Applications, SFR 4208 ICAT, Univ Angers, Angers, France
| | - Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina
- SOPAM, U1063, INSERM, UNIV Angers, Angers, France
- Federative Structure of Research Cellular Interactions and Therapeutic Applications, SFR 4208 ICAT, Univ Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - Jérôme Tamburini
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Paris, France
| | - Marc Foretz
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, INSERM U1016, Paris, France
| | - Joelle Dupont
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
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Wensink MJ, Lu Y, Tian L, Shaw GM, Rizzi S, Jensen TK, Mathiesen ER, Skakkebæk NE, Lindahl-Jacobsen R, Eisenberg ML. Preconception Antidiabetic Drugs in Men and Birth Defects in Offspring : A Nationwide Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med 2022; 175:665-673. [PMID: 35344380 PMCID: PMC9844982 DOI: 10.7326/m21-4389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes reduces semen quality and increasingly occurs during reproductive years. Diabetes medications, such as metformin, have glucose-independent effects on the male reproductive system. Associations with birth defects in offspring are unknown. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the risk for birth defects in offspring varies with preconceptional pharmacologic treatment of fathers with diabetes. DESIGN Nationwide prospective registry-based cohort study. SETTING Denmark from 1997 to 2016. PARTICIPANTS All liveborn singletons from mothers without histories of diabetes or essential hypertension. MEASUREMENTS Offspring were considered exposed if their father filled 1 or more prescriptions for a diabetes drug during the development of fertilizing sperm. Sex and frequencies of major birth defects were compared across drugs, times of exposure, and siblings. RESULTS Of 1 116 779 offspring included, 3.3% had 1 or more major birth defects (reference). Insulin-exposed offspring (n = 5298) had the reference birth defect frequency (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.98 [95% CI, 0.85 to 1.14]). Metformin-exposed offspring (n = 1451) had an elevated birth defect frequency (aOR, 1.40 [CI, 1.08 to 1.82]). For sulfonylurea-exposed offspring (n = 647), the aOR was 1.34 (CI, 0.94 to 1.92). Offspring whose fathers filled a metformin prescription in the year before (n = 1751) or after (n = 2484) sperm development had reference birth defect frequencies (aORs, 0.88 [CI, 0.59 to 1.31] and 0.92 [CI, 0.68 to 1.26], respectively), as did unexposed siblings of exposed offspring (3.2%; exposed vs. unexposed OR, 1.54 [CI, 0.94 to 2.53]). Among metformin-exposed offspring, genital birth defects, all in boys, were more common (aOR, 3.39 [CI, 1.82 to 6.30]), while the proportion of male offspring was lower (49.4% vs. 51.4%, P = 0.073). LIMITATION Information on underlying disease status was limited. CONCLUSION Preconception paternal metformin treatment is associated with major birth defects, particularly genital birth defects in boys. Further research should replicate these findings and clarify the causation. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten J Wensink
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, and Interdisciplinary Center on Population Dynamics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark (M.J.W., R.L.)
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (Y.L., L.T.)
| | - Lu Tian
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (Y.L., L.T.)
| | - Gary M Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California (G.M.S.)
| | - Silvia Rizzi
- Interdisciplinary Center on Population Dynamics and Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark (S.R.)
| | - Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark (T.K.J.)
| | - Elisabeth R Mathiesen
- Centre for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark (E.R.M.)
| | - Niels E Skakkebæk
- Juliane Marie Centre, Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark (N.E.S.)
| | - Rune Lindahl-Jacobsen
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, and Interdisciplinary Center on Population Dynamics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark (M.J.W., R.L.)
| | - Michael L Eisenberg
- Male Reproductive Medicine and Surgery, Department of Urology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California (M.L.E.)
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Derkach KV, Bakhtyukov AA, Morina IY, Romanova IV, Bayunova LV, Shpakov AO. Comparative Study of the Restoring Effect of Metformin, Gonadotropin, and Allosteric Agonist of Luteinizing Hormone Receptor on Spermatogenesis in Male Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 172:435-440. [PMID: 35175480 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05409-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We compared the effectiveness of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; 5 days, 20 IU/rat/day), allosteric luteinizing hormone receptor agonist TP04 (5 days, 20 mg/kg/day), and metformin (28 days, 120 mg/kg/day) in restoring spermatogenesis in male rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus. hCG and TP04 increased the levels of testosterone and expression of the steroidogenic protein StAR, the number of spermatogenic cells, thickness of the seminal epithelium, and the number and motility of mature sperm that were reduced in diabetic rats, though they did not reduce the number of defective spermatozoa. Metformin had a weak effect on steroidogenesis, but was not inferior to luteinizing hormone receptor agonist by its restorative effect on spermatogenesis and also reduced the number of defective forms of spermatozoa. Thus, the spermatogenesis-restoring effect of metformin and luteinizing hormone receptor agonist in type 2 diabetes mellitus are comparable, despite different mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Derkach
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Neurochemistry, I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A A Bakhtyukov
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Neurochemistry, I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I Yu Morina
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Neurochemistry, I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I V Romanova
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Neurochemistry, I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - L V Bayunova
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Neurochemistry, I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A O Shpakov
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Neurochemistry, I. M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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Huang J, Ru G, Sun J, Sun L, Li Z. Elevated RIF1 participates in the epigenetic abnormalities of zygotes by regulating histone modifications on MuERV-L in obese mice. Mol Med 2022; 28:17. [PMID: 35123389 PMCID: PMC8818203 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00446-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal obesity impairs embryonic developmental potential and significantly increases the risks of metabolic disorders in offspring. However, the epigenetic transmission mechanism of maternal metabolic abnormalities is still poorly understood. METHODS We established an obesity model in female mice by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. The effects of the HFD on the developmental potential of oocytes and embryos, the metabolic phenotype, and epigenetic modifications were investigated. The efficacy of metformin administration was assessed. Finally, the regulatory pathway of epigenetic remodeling during zygotic genome activation (ZGA) was explored. RESULTS Maternal HFD consumption significantly impaired glucose tolerance and increased the risk of metabolic disorders in F0 and F1 mice. Maternal HFD consumption also decreased embryonic developmental potential, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and γH2AX levels, and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) within oocytes, causing high levels of oxidative stress damage and DNA damage. Starting with this clue, we observed significantly increased RIF1 levels and shortened telomeres in obese mice. Moreover, significant abnormal DNA methylation and histone modification remodeling were observed during ZGA in obese mice, which may be coregulated by RIF1 and the ZGA marker gene MuERV-L. Metformin treatment reduced RIF1 levels, and partially improved ZGA activation status by rescuing epigenetic modification remodeling in oocytes and preimplantation embryos of obese mice. RIF1 knockdown experiments employing Trim-Away methods showed that RIF1 degradation altered the H3K4me3 and H3K9me3 enrichment and then triggered the MuERV-L transcriptional activation. Moreover, ChIP-seq data analysis of RIF1 knockouts also showed that RIF1 mediates the transcriptional regulation of MuERV-L by changing the enrichment of H3K4me3 and H3K9me3 rather than by altered DNA methylation. CONCLUSION Elevated RIF1 in oocytes caused by maternal obesity may mediate abnormal embryonic epigenetic remodeling and increase metabolic risk in offspring by regulating histone modifications on MuERV-L, which can be partially rescued by metformin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiliang Huang
- Department of Reproductive Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaizhen Ru
- Department of Reproductive Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Sun
- Department of Reproductive Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Luying Sun
- Department of Reproductive Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiling Li
- Department of Reproductive Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 57 Changping Road, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
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31
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Grindheim S, Ebbing C, Karlsen HO, Skulstad SM, Real FG, Lønnebotn M, Løvvik T, Vanky E, Kessler J. Metformin exposure, maternal PCOS status and fetal venous liver circulation: A randomized, placebo-controlled study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262987. [PMID: 35089960 PMCID: PMC8797196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metformin is prescribed to women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) to prevent pregnancy complications. Children exposed to metformin vs. placebo in utero, have increased head circumference at birth and are more overweight and obese at 8 years of age. Also, maternal PCOS-status seems to alter the long-term cardio-metabolic health of offspring. We hypothesized that the long-term effects of metformin-exposure and/or maternal PCOS may be mediated by circulatory adaptations during fetal life. Material and methods This is a sub-study of a larger double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, where women with PCOS were randomized to metformin (2g/day) or placebo in pregnancy, a total of 487 women. A sub-group of participants (N = 58) took part in this sub-study and had an extended ultrasound examination at gestational week 32, including blood flow velocity and diameter measurements of the umbilical vein (UV), the ductus venosus (DV) and the portal vein (PV). Blood flow volume was calculated and adjusted for estimated fetal weight (EFW) (normalized flow). Metformin exposed fetuses were compared to placebo exposed fetuses. Fetuses of mothers with PCOS (metformin [n = 30] and placebo [n = 28]) were compared to a low-risk reference population (N = 160) by z-score statistics. Results There was no difference in fetal liver flow between metformin vs. placebo-exposed fetuses. Fetuses of mothers with PCOS had higher EFW (0.63 [95% CI 0.44–0.83] p<0.001), lower normalized UV, DV, PV, and lower total venous liver blood flows than the reference population. Conclusion Metformin during pregnancy did not affect fetal liver blood-flow. In our population, maternal PCOS-status was associated with reduced total venous liver blood-flow, which may explain altered growth and metabolism later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindre Grindheim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Cathrine Ebbing
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Svein Magne Skulstad
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Francisco Gómez Real
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marianne Lønnebotn
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tone Løvvik
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Olav’s Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eszter Vanky
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Olav’s Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jørg Kessler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Abstract
As the gut microbiota exerts various effects on the intestinal milieu which influences distant organs and pathways, it is considered to be a full-fledged endocrine organ. The microbiota plays a major role in the reproductive endocrine system throughout a woman's lifetime by interacting with estrogen, androgens, insulin, and other hormones. Imbalance of the gut microbiota composition can lead to several diseases and conditions, such as pregnancy complications, adverse pregnancy outcomes, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, and cancer; however, research on the mechanisms is limited. More effort should be concentrated on exploring the potential causes and underlying the mechanisms of microbiota-hormone-mediated disease, and providing novel therapeutic and preventive strategies.As the gut microbiota exerts various effects on the intestinal milieu which influences distant organs and pathways, it is considered to be a full-fledged endocrine organ. The microbiota plays a major role in the reproductive endocrine system throughout a woman's lifetime by interacting with estrogen, androgens, insulin, and other hormones. Imbalance of the gut microbiota composition can lead to several diseases and conditions, such as pregnancy complications, adverse pregnancy outcomes, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, and cancer; however, research on the mechanisms is limited. More effort should be concentrated on exploring the potential causes and underlying the mechanisms of microbiota-hormone-mediated disease, and providing novel therapeutic and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Qi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chuyu Yun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Pang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China,CONTACT Yanli Pang M.D.,Ph.D Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China,Research Units of Comprehensive Diagnosis and Treatment of Oocyte Maturation Arrest, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Jie Qiao M.D., Ph.D Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Dai M, Guo W, Zhu S, Gong G, Chen M, Zhong Z, Guo J, Zhang Y. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and the risk of abnormal spermatozoa: A Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1035338. [PMID: 36407300 PMCID: PMC9666365 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1035338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal spermatozoa can not only reduce the fertilization rate, but also prolong the natural conception time and even increase the risk of spontaneous miscarriage. Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a major global health problem, and its incidence continues to rise, while affecting an increasing number of men in their reproductive years. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), accounting for about 85-95% of DM, is closely related to the development of sperm. However, the exact association between T2DM and abnormal spermatozoa remains unclear. Herein, we designed a Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to explore the causal association between T2DM and abnormal spermatozoa risk in European population data which come from the GWAS summary datasets. We selected 9 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of T2DM (exposure data) as instrumental variables (IVs), and then retrieved the suitable abnormal spermatozoa genome-wide association study (GWAS) data of European from Ieu Open GWAS Project database which includes 915 cases and 209,006 control as the outcome data. Our results indicate that strict T2DM might not result in a higher risk of abnormal spermatozoa genetically in Europeans (OR: 1.017, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.771-1.342, p=0.902). Our findings demonstrate that only T2DM may not explain the relatively higher risk of abnormal spermatozoa in men with it in Europeans. In subsequent studies, more comprehensive and larger samples need to be studied to reveal the relationship and potential mechanism between T2DM and abnormal spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of West China Second University Hospital, BMI Center for Biomass Materials and Nanointerfaces, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weijie Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of West China Second University Hospital, BMI Center for Biomass Materials and Nanointerfaces, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - San Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of West China Second University Hospital, BMI Center for Biomass Materials and Nanointerfaces, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guidong Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of West China Second University Hospital, BMI Center for Biomass Materials and Nanointerfaces, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of West China Second University Hospital, BMI Center for Biomass Materials and Nanointerfaces, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuoling Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of West China Second University Hospital, BMI Center for Biomass Materials and Nanointerfaces, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junling Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of West China Second University Hospital, BMI Center for Biomass Materials and Nanointerfaces, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of West China Second University Hospital, BMI Center for Biomass Materials and Nanointerfaces, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yaoyao Zhang,
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Tavlo M, Skakkebæk NE, Mathiesen ER, Kristensen DM, Kjær KH, Andersson AM, Lindahl-Jacobsen R. Hypothesis: Metformin is a potential reproductive toxicant. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1000872. [PMID: 36339411 PMCID: PMC9627511 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1000872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is the first-line oral treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus and is prescribed to more than 150 million people worldwide. Metformin's effect as a glucose-lowering drug is well documented but the precise mechanism of action is unknown. A recent finding of an association between paternal metformin treatment and increased numbers of genital birth defects in sons and a tendency towards a skewed secondary sex ratio with less male offspring prompted us to focus on other evidence of reproductive side effects of this drug. Metformin in humans is documented to reduce the circulating level of testosterone in both men and women. In experimental animal models, metformin exposure in utero induced sex-specific reproductive changes in adult rat male offspring with reduced fertility manifested as a 30% decrease in litter size and metformin exposure to fish, induced intersex documented in testicular tissue. Metformin is excreted unchanged into urine and feces and is present in wastewater and even in the effluent of wastewater treatment plants from where it spreads to rivers, lakes, and drinking water. It is documented to be present in numerous freshwater samples throughout the world - and even in drinking water. We here present the hypothesis that metformin needs to be considered a potential reproductive toxicant for humans, and probably also for wildlife. There is an urgent need for studies exploring the association between metformin exposure and reproductive outcomes in humans, experimental animals, and aquatic wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Tavlo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Center on Population Dynamics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Maja Tavlo,
| | - Niels E. Skakkebæk
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital — Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth R. Mathiesen
- Centre for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David M. Kristensen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University of Rennes, Inserm, École des hautes études en santé publique (EHESP), Irset (Institut de recherche en santé environment et travail) UMR_S, Rennes, France
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kurt H. Kjær
- Globe Institute, Section for GeoGenetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna-Maria Andersson
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital — Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rune Lindahl-Jacobsen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Biodemography, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Center on Population Dynamics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
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Bakhtyukov AA, Derkach KV, Sorokoumov VN, Stepochkina AM, Romanova IV, Morina IY, Zakharova IO, Bayunova LV, Shpakov AO. The Effects of Separate and Combined Treatment of Male Rats with Type 2 Diabetes with Metformin and Orthosteric and Allosteric Agonists of Luteinizing Hormone Receptor on Steroidogenesis and Spermatogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:198. [PMID: 35008624 PMCID: PMC8745465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis are impaired. Metformin and the agonists of luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG)-receptor (LH/hCG-R) (hCG, low-molecular-weight allosteric LH/hCG-R-agonists) can be used to restore them. The aim was to study effectiveness of separate and combined administration of metformin, hCG and 5-amino-N-tert-butyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)-4-(3-(nicotinamido)phenyl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide (TP3) on steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in male rats with T2DM. hCG (15 IU/rat/day) and TP3 (15 mg/kg/day) were injected in the last five days of five-week metformin treatment (120 mg/kg/day). Metformin improved testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis and restored LH/hCG-R-expression. Compared to control, in T2DM, hCG stimulated steroidogenesis and StAR-gene expression less effectively and, after five-day administration, reduced LH/hCG-R-expression, while TP3 effects changed weaker. In co-administration of metformin and LH/hCG-R-agonists, on the first day, stimulating effects of LH/hCG-R-agonists on testosterone levels and hCG-stimulated expression of StAR- and CYP17A1-genes were increased, but on the 3-5th day, they disappeared. This was due to reduced LH/hCG-R-gene expression and increased aromatase-catalyzed estradiol production. With co-administration, LH/hCG-R-agonists did not contribute to improving spermatogenesis, induced by metformin. Thus, in T2DM, metformin and LH/hCG-R-agonists restore steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis, with metformin being more effective in restoring spermatogenesis, and their co-administration improves LH/hCG-R-agonist-stimulating testicular steroidogenesis in acute but not chronic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A. Bakhtyukov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.B.); (K.V.D.); (V.N.S.); (A.M.S.); (I.V.R.); (I.Y.M.); (I.O.Z.); (L.V.B.)
| | - Kira V. Derkach
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.B.); (K.V.D.); (V.N.S.); (A.M.S.); (I.V.R.); (I.Y.M.); (I.O.Z.); (L.V.B.)
| | - Viktor N. Sorokoumov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.B.); (K.V.D.); (V.N.S.); (A.M.S.); (I.V.R.); (I.Y.M.); (I.O.Z.); (L.V.B.)
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna M. Stepochkina
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.B.); (K.V.D.); (V.N.S.); (A.M.S.); (I.V.R.); (I.Y.M.); (I.O.Z.); (L.V.B.)
| | - Irina V. Romanova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.B.); (K.V.D.); (V.N.S.); (A.M.S.); (I.V.R.); (I.Y.M.); (I.O.Z.); (L.V.B.)
| | - Irina Yu. Morina
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.B.); (K.V.D.); (V.N.S.); (A.M.S.); (I.V.R.); (I.Y.M.); (I.O.Z.); (L.V.B.)
| | - Irina O. Zakharova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.B.); (K.V.D.); (V.N.S.); (A.M.S.); (I.V.R.); (I.Y.M.); (I.O.Z.); (L.V.B.)
| | - Liubov V. Bayunova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.B.); (K.V.D.); (V.N.S.); (A.M.S.); (I.V.R.); (I.Y.M.); (I.O.Z.); (L.V.B.)
| | - Alexander O. Shpakov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.B.); (K.V.D.); (V.N.S.); (A.M.S.); (I.V.R.); (I.Y.M.); (I.O.Z.); (L.V.B.)
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Amani Abkenari S, Safdarian L, Amidi F, Hosseini A, Aryanpour R, Salahi E, Sobhani A. Metformin improves epigenetic modification involved in oocyte growth and embryo development in polycystic ovary syndrome mice model. Mol Reprod Dev 2021; 88:817-829. [PMID: 34658106 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The possible relationship between dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and epigenetic changes (ECs) leading to the impaired oocyte quality, has not been investigated yet. So, this study aimed to provide an insight into the relationship of the impaired oocyte quality with ECs in a mice DHEA-induced PCOS model and to further reveal the effect of metformin treatment. For this purpose, 80 female BALB/C mice were randomly divided into four equal groups, named as the control, sham, (DHEA) and DHEA + Metformin groups. The alterations in acetylation of H4K5 and H4K16, and in methylation of DNA (5MeC) and H3K9 were evaluated using immunocytochemical. Moreover, the expression of Hdac1, Hdac2, Dnmt1, and Dnmt3a genes involved in ECs were analyzed using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. As well, the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), oxidative stress (OS), embryo development, ovarian morphology, sexual hormone, ovulatory function, and AMPKα phosphorylation activity were compared in all the studied groups. Metformin attenuated the damages induced by DHEA as indicated by the normalized the estrous cycle, the improved ovarian morphology, the decreased sexual hormone and OS levels, and the increased MMP and AMPKα phosphorylation levels. In the metformin group, the Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, and Hdac2 genes have significantly upregulated compared to the DHEA group. However, metformin was found to have no effect on the expression level of Hdac1. In this regard, significant decrease and increase were observed in both the acetylated H4K16 and methylated H3K9 within MII oocytes in the DHEA + Metformin group compared with the DHEA group. Our results show that metformin could enhance the developmental competence of PCOS oocytes via reducing OS and ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Showra Amani Abkenari
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leili Safdarian
- Department of Infertility of Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Amidi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Infertility of Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hosseini
- Clinical Research Development Center of Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Aryanpour
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Science, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Elnaz Salahi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aligholi Sobhani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Koroglu Aydın P, Karabulut-Bulan O, Bugan I, Turkyilmaz IB, Altun S, Yanardag R. The protective effect of metformin against testicular damage in diabetes and prostate cancer model. Cell Biochem Funct 2021; 40:60-70. [PMID: 34845738 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with diabetes have an increased risk of breast, colorectal, pancreatic and prostate cancer. Metformin, an oral biguanide used to treat diabetes, has anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-hyperinsulinemic and antioxidant activities. The effects of metformin on testicular tissue damage in cancer and diabetic + cancer rat models were evaluated histologically, immunohistochemically and biochemically. The diabetic model was produced in Copenhagen rats using a single dose of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg), while prostate cancer was induced through subcutaneous inoculation of 2 × 104 Mat-LyLu cells into the animals. At the end of the experimental period, testicular tissues with a close functional relationship to the prostate were collected. Histological evaluation found moderate to severe damage to testes following the diabetes and cancer process. Histopathological and biochemical impairments were observed in the early stage of prostate cancer, which were increased in the diabetic animals. Metformin administration reversed these injuries and provided substantial protection of the testes. In particular, metformin had protective effects on tissue damage, apoptosis, oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity. This suggests that metformin should be further investigated as a targeted protective drug against prostate cancer-related damage to the testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Koroglu Aydın
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Halic University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omur Karabulut-Bulan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Bugan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismet Burcu Turkyilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seyhan Altun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istanbul Kultur University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Refiye Yanardag
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Leisegang K, Roychoudhury S, Slama P, Finelli R. The Mechanisms and Management of Age-Related Oxidative Stress in Male Hypogonadism Associated with Non-communicable Chronic Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1834. [PMID: 34829704 PMCID: PMC8615233 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgens have diverse functions in muscle physiology, lean body mass, the regulation of adipose tissue, bone density, neurocognitive regulation, and spermatogenesis, the male reproductive and sexual function. Male hypogonadism, characterized by reduced testosterone, is commonly seen in ageing males, and has a complex relationship as a risk factor and a comorbidity in age-related noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs), such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and malignancy. Oxidative stress, as a significant contributor to the ageing process, is a common feature between ageing and NCDs, and the related comorbidities, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and chronic inflammation. Oxidative stress may also be a mediator of hypogonadism in males. Consequently, the management of oxidative stress may represent a novel therapeutic approach in this context. Therefore, this narrative review aims to discuss the mechanisms of age-related oxidative stress in male hypogonadism associated with NCDs and discusses current and potential approaches for the clinical management of these patients, which may include conventional hormone replacement therapy, nutrition and lifestyle changes, adherence to the optimal body mass index, and dietary antioxidant supplementation and/or phytomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Leisegang
- School of Natural Medicine, Faculty of Community and Health Sciences, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | | | - Petr Slama
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
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Alwan SH, Al-Saeed MH. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (using Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark extract) improve the fertility status of rats with polycystic ovarian syndrome. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Faure MC, Khoueiry R, Quanico J, Acloque H, Guerquin MJ, Bertoldo MJ, Chevaleyre C, Ramé C, Fournier I, Salzet M, Dupont J, Froment P. In Utero Exposure to Metformin Reduces the Fertility of Male Offspring in Adulthood. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:750145. [PMID: 34745014 PMCID: PMC8565088 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.750145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a drug used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and disorders associated with insulin resistance. Metformin is also used in the treatment of pregnancy disorders such as gestational diabetes. However, the consequences of foetal exposure to metformin on the fertility of exposed offspring remain poorly documented. In this study, we investigated the effect of in utero metformin exposure on the fertility of female and male offspring. We observed that metformin is detectable in the blood of the mother and in amniotic fluid and blood of the umbilical cord. Metformin was not measurable in any tissues of the embryo, including the gonads. The effect of metformin exposure on offspring was sex specific. The adult females that had been exposed to metformin in utero presented no clear reduction in fertility. However, the adult males that had been exposed to metformin during foetal life exhibited a 30% reduction in litter size compared with controls. The lower fertility was not due to a change in sperm production or the motility of sperm. Rather, the phenotype was due to lower sperm head quality - significantly increased spermatozoa head abnormality with greater DNA damage - and hypermethylation of the genomic DNA in the spermatozoa associated with lower expression of the ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (TET1) protein. In conclusion, while foetal metformin exposure did not dramatically alter gonad development, these results suggest that metabolic modification by metformin during the foetal period could change the expression of epigenetic regulators such as Tet1 and perturb the genomic DNA in germ cells, changes that might contribute to a reduced fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie C. Faure
- l’Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements/Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7247/Université François Rabelais de Tours/Institut français du Cheval et de l'Équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Rita Khoueiry
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Jusal Quanico
- Université Lille 1, INSERM U1192 - Protéomique Réponse Inflammatoire Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Hervé Acloque
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marie-Justine Guerquin
- UMR967 INSERM, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA)/Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale (DRF)/Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (iRCM)/Service Cellules Souches et Radiation (SCSR)/LDG, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratory of Development of the Gonads, Fontenay aux Roses, France
| | - Michael J. Bertoldo
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Claire Chevaleyre
- l’Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements/Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7247/Université François Rabelais de Tours/Institut français du Cheval et de l'Équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Christelle Ramé
- l’Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements/Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7247/Université François Rabelais de Tours/Institut français du Cheval et de l'Équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Isabelle Fournier
- Université Lille 1, INSERM U1192 - Protéomique Réponse Inflammatoire Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Michel Salzet
- Université Lille 1, INSERM U1192 - Protéomique Réponse Inflammatoire Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- l’Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements/Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7247/Université François Rabelais de Tours/Institut français du Cheval et de l'Équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- l’Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UMR85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements/Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7247/Université François Rabelais de Tours/Institut français du Cheval et de l'Équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
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Vieira HR, Gonçalves GD, Alves VS, de Melo MAB, Borges SC, Klagenberg J, Neves CQ, Previate C, Saavedra LPJ, Siervo GEMDL, Malta A, Prado MAADC, Palma-Rigo K, Buttow NC, Fernandes GSA, Mathias PCDF. Neonatal metformin short exposure inhibits male reproductive dysfunction caused by a high-fat diet in adult rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 429:115712. [PMID: 34481828 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Metformin (Met) is widely used to control blood glucose levels and acts on various organs, including reproductive tissues, to improve reproductive and lifespan. This study evaluated whether neonatal Met exposure prevented male reproductive dysfunction caused by being overweight during adulthood. Randomized Wistar rat pups received an intraperitoneal injection from postnatal days (PNDs) 1 to 12of saline (Sal; 0.9% NaCl/day in 2mL/kg) or Met (100 mg/kg/day in 2 mL/kg). From PNDs 60 to 90, the animals received a regular (R; 4.5% fat; Sal R and Met R groups) or a high-fat (HF; 35% fat; Sal HF and Met HF groups) diet. At PND 90, all animals were euthanized to evaluate their biometric and reproductive parameters. The Sal and Met groups with R showed similar body weights, however, the HF diet increased the body weight in both groups. The Sal HF group showed testicular damage regarding in antioxidant status and inflammatory profile in the epididymal cauda. The HF diet reduced Leydig and Sertoli cells numbers, with lower sperm quality. The Met R animals showed positive reproductive programming, due to improved antioxidant defense, inflammatory biomarkers, and sperm morphology. Met HF prevented HF diet damage to reproductive organs and sperm morphology, but not to sperm motility. Early Met exposure positively affected the male reproductive system of adult rats, preventing reproductive HF disorders. STATEMENT OF NOVELTY AND SIGNIFICANCE: Metformin is used to control type 2 diabetes mellitus and can act to improve metabolism and lifespan. Metformin avoidance is recommended during pregnancy, but there is no information regarding its use when breastfeeding. For the first time, we showed in this current study that metformin positively acts in the male reproductive tissues and helps involved in later life. These data showed a better antioxidant defense and anti-inflammatory profile of Metformin animals than Saline animals and might directly improve reproductive organs morphophysiology and sperm morphology. Also, the neonatal Met application programs the male reproduction to counterbalance damages from an obesogenic environment in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Rodrigues Vieira
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP: 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Science III, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, CEP: 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gessica Dutra Gonçalves
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP: 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vander Silva Alves
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP: 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Milene Aparecida Bobato de Melo
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP: 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Stephanie Carvalho Borges
- Department of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP: 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Josana Klagenberg
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP: 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Camila Quaglio Neves
- Department of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP: 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carina Previate
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP: 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucas Paulo Jacinto Saavedra
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP: 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gláucia Eloisa Munhoz de Lion Siervo
- Department of General Biology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina (UEL), Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, CEP: 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ananda Malta
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP: 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marialba Avezum Alves de Castro Prado
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP: 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Kesia Palma-Rigo
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP: 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Faculdade Adventista Paranaense, PR-317 Km 119 Gleba, R. Paiçandu, Lote 80 - Zona Rural, CEP: 87130-000 Ivatuba - Paraná, Brazil
| | - Nilza Cristina Buttow
- Department of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP: 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Glaura Scantamburlo Alves Fernandes
- Department of General Biology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina (UEL), Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, CEP: 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP: 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Krysiak R, Kowalcze K, Okopień B. Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and sexual functioning in metformin-treated men after discontinuation of testosterone replacement therapy: A pilot study. J Clin Pharm Ther 2021; 46:1764-1775. [PMID: 34490645 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Metformin was found to reduce elevated gonadotropin levels. The aim of the present study was to determine whether metformin modulates the impact of discontinuation of testosterone therapy on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity and sexual function in men with low testosterone levels. METHODS The study included 28 men with late-onset hypogonadism (defined according to the criteria of the European Male Aging Study group) receiving testosterone undecanoate (120 mg in three equal doses), 12 of whom had been treated with oral metformin (1.7-3 g daily). Both testosterone and metformin had been administered for at least six months before enrolment. In all patients, testosterone replacement required to be discontinued. The control group included 16 testosterone- and metformin-treated men with late-onset hypogonadism who during the entire study period continued their treatment. Glucose homeostasis markers, as well as plasma levels of insulin, gonadotropins, testosterone, calculated bioavailable testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate, oestradiol, thyrotropin, free thyroxine, prolactin, insulin-growth factor-1 and cortisol were measured at the beginning of the study and four months later. Moreover, at the beginning and the end of the study, all enrolled patients completed a questionnaire assessing their sexual functioning (IIEF-15). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Discontinuation of testosterone therapy resulted in a decrease in total testosterone and bioavailable testosterone (by 42% and 45% in metformin-treated patients, and by 52% and 54% in metformin-naïve patients), as well as impaired all aspects of male sexual function. Changes in bioavailable testosterone, as well as in erectile function, orgasmic function and sexual desire were less pronounced if subjects received metformin. Only in metformin-naïve men, follow-up FSH and LH levels were higher than at baseline (by 75% and 62%). Moreover, discontinuation of testosterone therapy in metformin-naïve men increased glycated haemoglobin, as well as worsened insulin sensitivity. There were no differences between baseline and follow-up levels of the remaining hormones. In metformin-naïve subjects, the increase in gonadotropin levels correlated with the changes in testosterone levels and insulin sensitivity. No effect on glucose homeostasis markers, hormone levels and sexual functioning was observed in the control group. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION The obtained results suggest that metformin treatment mitigates the unfavourable effect of discontinuation of testosterone treatment on hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis activity and sexual function in men with late-onset hypogonadism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Krysiak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Karolina Kowalcze
- Department of Pediatrics in Bytom, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bogusław Okopień
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Meligi NM, Dyab AKF, Paunov VN. Sustained In Vitro and In Vivo Delivery of Metformin from Plant Pollen-Derived Composite Microcapsules. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1048. [PMID: 34371742 PMCID: PMC8309045 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a dual microencapsulation platform for the type 2 diabetes drug metformin (MTF), which is aimed to increase its bioavailability. We report the use of Lycopodium clavatum sporopollenin (LCS), derived from their natural spores, and raw Phoenix dactylifera L. (date palm) pollens (DPP) for MTF microencapsulation. MTF was loaded into LCS and DPP via a vacuum and a novel method of hydration-induced swelling. The loading capacity (LC) and encapsulation efficiency (EE) percentages for MTF-loaded LCS and MTF-loaded DPP microcapsules were 14.9% ± 0.7, 29.8 ± 0.8, and 15.2% ± 0.7, 30.3 ± 1.0, respectively. The release of MTF from MTF-loaded LCS microcapsules was additionally controlled by re-encapsulating the loaded microcapsules into calcium alginate (ALG) microbeads via ionotropic gelation, where the release of MTF was found to be significantly slower and pH-dependent. The pharmacokinetic parameters, obtained from the in vivo study, revealed that the relative bioavailability of the MTF-loaded LCS-ALG beads was 1.215 times higher compared to pure MTF, following oral administration of a single dose equivalent to 25 mg/kg body weight MTF to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic male Sprague-Dawley rats. Significant hypoglycemic effect was obtained for STZ-induced diabetic rats orally treated with MTF-loaded LCS-ALG beads compared to control diabetic rats. Over a period of 29 days, the STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with MTF-loaded LCS-ALG beads showed a decrease in the aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglycerides, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, as well as an increase in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and a recovery in the oxidative stress biomarker, lipid peroxidation (LPx). In addition, histopathological studies of liver, pancreas, kidney, and testes suggested that MTF-loaded LCS-ALG beads improved the degenerative changes in organs of diabetic rats. The LCS-ALG platform for dual encapsulation of MTF achieved sustained MTF delivery and enhancement of bioavailability, as well as the improved biochemical and histopathological characteristics in in vivo studies, opening many other intriguing applications in sustained drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M. Meligi
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt;
| | - Amro K. F. Dyab
- Colloids & Advanced Materials Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt;
| | - Vesselin N. Paunov
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nursultan 010000, Kazakhstan
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Mahiddine FY, Kim MJ. Overview on the Antioxidants, Egg Yolk Alternatives, and Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Derivatives Used in Canine Sperm Cryopreservation. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1930. [PMID: 34203537 PMCID: PMC8300182 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm cryopreservation is a widely used assisted reproductive technology for canine species. The long-term storage of dog sperm is effective for the breeding of dogs living far apart, scheduling the time of artificial insemination that suits the female, and preventing diseases of the reproductive tract. However, spermatozoa functions are impaired during the freeze-thaw processes, which may decrease reproductive performance. Numerous attempts have been made to restore such impairments, including the use of cryoprotectants to prevent the damage caused by ice crystal formation, and supplementation of antioxidants to reduce reactive oxygen species generation due to osmotic stress during the procedure. Egg yolk derivatives, antioxidants, and, more recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their derivatives have been proposed in this research field. This review article will summarize the current literature available on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Department of Research and Development, Mjbiogen Corp., Gwangnaru-ro 144, Seoul 14788, Korea;
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Yuan L, Wu H, Huang W, Bi Y, Qin A, Yang Y. The function of metformin in endometrial receptivity (ER) of patients with polycyclic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:89. [PMID: 34127011 PMCID: PMC8201680 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This meta-analysis summarizes evidence from studies using metformin (Met) to improve endometrial receptivity (ER) in women with PCOS. METHODS Following the PRISMA protocol, we conducted a comprehensive search of academic literature from various databases, including PubMed, EMbase and Cochrane libraries. Studies published in English before Jan 27, 2021, were recruited for primary screening. Data on endometrial thickness (EMT), endometrial artery resistance index (RI), clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and miscarriage rate (MR) were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS Sixty-two eligible studies that included 6571 patients were evaluated in this meta-analysis. Primary indicators are EMT and endometrial aetery RI; secondary indicators include the clinical pregnancy rate and miscarriage rate. Metformin significantly increased EMT (SMD = 2.04, 95% CI (0.96,3.12),P = 0.0002) and reduced endometrial artery RI compared to the non-Met group (SMD = - 2.83, 95% CI: (- 5.06, - 0.59), P = 0.01). As expected, metformin also improved CPR and reduced MR in PCOS patients as a result, clinical pregnancy rate (risk ratio [RR] = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.11-1.43, P = 0.0003), and miscarriage rate (RR = 0.73, 95% CI:0.58-0.91, P = 0.006). CONCLUSION Metformin may improve endometrial receptivity (ER) in PCOS patients by increasing EMT and reducing endometrial artery RI. However, the level of most original studies was low, with small sample sizes. More large-scale, long-term RCTs with rigorous methodologies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Yuan
- Reproductive Medical Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hongbo Wu
- Reproductive Medical Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Reproductive Medical Center, Qinzhou Women and Children Hospital, Qinzhou, China
| | - Weiyu Huang
- Reproductive Medical Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yin Bi
- Reproductive Medical Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Aiping Qin
- Reproductive Medical Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yihua Yang
- Reproductive Medical Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Tseng CH. The Effect of Metformin on Male Reproductive Function and Prostate: An Updated Review. World J Mens Health 2021; 40:11-29. [PMID: 33831975 PMCID: PMC8761231 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.210001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is the first-line oral antidiabetic drug that shows multiple pleiotropic effects of anti-inflamation, anti-cancer, anti-aging, anti-microbia, anti-atherosclerosis, and immune modulation. Metformin's effects on men's related health are reviewed here, focusing on reproductive health under subtitles of erectile dysfunction (ED), steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis; and on prostate-related health under subtitles of prostate specific antigen (PSA), prostatitis, benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate cancer (PCa). Updated literature suggests a potential role of metformin on arteriogenic ED but controversial and contradictory effects (either protective or harmful) on testicular functions of testosterone synthesis and spermatogenesis. With regards to prostate-related health, metformin use may be associated with lower levels of PSA in humans, but its clinical implications require more research. Although there is a lack of research on metform's effect on prostatitis, it may have potential benefits through its anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties. Metformin may reduce the risk of BPH by inhibiting the insulin-like growth factor 1 pathway and some but not all studies suggest a protective role of metformin on the risk of PCa. Many clinical trials are being conducted to investigate the use of metformin as an adjuvant therapy for PCa but results currently available are not conclusive. While some trials suggest a benefit in reducing the metastasis and recurrence of PCa, others do not show any benefit. More research works are warranted to illuminate the potential usefulness of metformin in the promotion of men's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Hsiao Tseng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine of the National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.
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Shpakov AO. Improvement Effect of Metformin on Female and Male Reproduction in Endocrine Pathologies and Its Mechanisms. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14010042. [PMID: 33429918 PMCID: PMC7826885 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin (MF), a first-line drug to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), alone and in combination with other drugs, restores the ovarian function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and improves fetal development, pregnancy outcomes and offspring health in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and T2DM. MF treatment is demonstrated to improve the efficiency of in vitro fertilization and is considered a supplementary drug in assisted reproductive technologies. MF administration shows positive effect on steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in men with metabolic disorders, thus MF treatment indicates prospective use for improvement of male reproductive functions and fertility. MF lacks teratogenic effects and has positive health effect in newborns. The review is focused on use of MF therapy for restoration of female and male reproductive functions and improvement of pregnancy outcomes in metabolic and endocrine disorders. The mechanisms of MF action are discussed, including normalization of metabolic and hormonal status in PCOS, GDM, T2DM and metabolic syndrome and restoration of functional activity and hormonal regulation of the gonadal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander O Shpakov
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Ding H, Zhang J, Zhang F, Zhang S, Chen X, Liang W, Xie Q. Resistance to the Insulin and Elevated Level of Androgen: A Major Cause of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:741764. [PMID: 34745009 PMCID: PMC8564180 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.741764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PCOS has a wide range of negative impacts on women's health and is one of the most frequent reproductive systemic endocrine disorders. PCOS has complex characteristics and symptom heterogeneity due to the several pathways that are involved in the infection and the absence of a comm14on cause. A recent study has shown that the main etiology and endocrine aspects of PCOS are the increased level of androgen, which is also known as "hyperandrogenemia (HA)" and secondly the "insulin resistance (IR)". The major underlying cause of the polycystic ovary is these two IR and HA, by initiating the disease and its severity or duration. As a consequence, study on Pathogenesis is crucial to understand the effect of "HA" and "IR" on the pathophysiology of numerous symptoms linked to PCOS. A deep understanding of the pattern of the growth in PCOS for HA and IR can help ameliorate the condition, along with adjustments in nutrition and life, as well as the discovery of new medicinal products. However, further research is required to clarify the mutual role of IR and HA on PCOS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haigang Ding
- Department of Gynecology, Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shaoxing, China
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shaoxing, China
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Shaoxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shaoxing, China
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Songou Zhang
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Xiaozhen Chen
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Wenqing Liang
- Medical Research Center, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
- *Correspondence: Qiong Xie, ; Wenqing Liang,
| | - Qiong Xie
- Department of Gynecology, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhoushan, China
- *Correspondence: Qiong Xie, ; Wenqing Liang,
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Leisegang K, Almaghrawi W, Henkel R. The effect of Nigella sativa oil and metformin on male seminal parameters and testosterone in Wistar rats exposed to an obesogenic diet. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:111085. [PMID: 33378981 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant global health and socio-economic challenge, and considered an important risk factor for poor health outcomes including male reproductive dysfunction and infertility. As excess adiposity causes testicular dysfunction and infertility, novel therapeutic strategies require investigation. Nigella sativa (Ns) seed oil and metformin have both demonstrated a potential positive effect on obesity, although both remain poorly investigated in male fertility. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of Ns oil and metformin on total body weight (TBW), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), serum testosterone and semen parameters in an obese animal model. Wistar rats (n = 54) were divided into six groups: normal chow (NC), high sugar diet (HSD) only, HSD and saline, HSD and metformin (75 mg/Kg/day), HSD and Ns (200 mg/Kg/day) (NS200), HSD and Ns (400 mg/Kg/day) (NS400). Intervention was force fed for the last 8 weeks of the 14 weeks dietary exposures. Results showed that the HSD increased TBW (P = 0.001) and reduced sperm concentration (P = 0.013) and progressive motility (P = 0.009) compared to the NC group. Metformin, NS200 and NS400 improved TBW (P = 0.035, P = 0.006 and P = 0.005, respectively) and testosterone (P < 0.001) compared to the HSD saline group, where metformin and NS400 improved sperm concentration (P < 0.001 and P = 0.049, respectively) and MMP (P < 0.001). There were no changes in sperm motility and viability for all experimental exposures, although NS400 (P = 0.047) negatively affected sperm viability. Metformin and Ns may be novel treatment options in obesity-induced infertility, although a potential negative impact on viability is cautioned for high dose Ns. These results warrant further investigation of Ns and Metformin for the management of obese infertile males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Leisegang
- School of Natural Medicine, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
| | - Walid Almaghrawi
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Ralf Henkel
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States; Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Cai T, Hu Y, Ding B, Yan R, Liu B, Cai L, Jing T, Jiang L, Xie X, Wang Y, Wang H, Zhou Y, He K, Xu L, Chen L, Cheng C, Ma J. Effect of Metformin on Testosterone Levels in Male Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Insulin. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:813067. [PMID: 35002984 PMCID: PMC8740051 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.813067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the chronic effects of metformin on testosterone levels in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS This is a secondary analysis of a real-world study evaluating the efficacy and safety of premixed insulin treatment in patients with T2DM via 3-month intermittent flash glucose monitoring. Male patients aged 18-60 who were using metformin during the 3-month study period were included as the metformin group. The control group included males without metformin therapy by propensity score matching analysis with age as a covariate. Testosterone levels were measured at baseline and after 3-month treatment. RESULTS After 3-month treatment, the control group had higher levels of total testosterone, free and bioavailable testosterone than those at baseline (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the change of total (-0.82 ± 0.59 vs. 0.99 ± 0.59 nmol/L) and bioavailable (-0.13 ± 0.16 vs. 0.36 ± 0.16 nmol/L) testosterone levels in the metformin group significantly decreased (P=0.036 and 0.029, respectively). In Glycated Albumin (GA) improved subgroup, the TT, FT, and Bio-T levels in the control subgroup were higher than their baseline levels (P < 0.05). Compared with the metformin subgroup, TT level in the control subgroup also increased significantly (P=0.044). In GA unimproved subgroup, the change of TT level in the metformin subgroup was significantly lower than that in the control subgroup (P=0.040). CONCLUSION In men with T2DM, 3-month metformin therapy can reduce testosterone levels, and counteract the testosterone elevation that accompanied with the improvement of blood glucose. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04847219?term=04847219&draw=2&rank=1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rengna Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingli Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Jing
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lanlan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojing Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunting Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke He
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Lan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Huai’an Second People’s Hospital and The Affiliated Huai’an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Jianhua Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jianhua Ma,
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