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O'Donnell C, Ryan O, Hogan AE, Killick D, Crilly S, Dodd JD, Murphy DJ, Ryan S, O'Shea D. GLP-1 therapy increases visceral adipose tissue metabolic activity: lessons from a randomized controlled trial in obstructive sleep apnea. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024. [PMID: 39169732 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues are currently the most widely used pharmacotherapies for weight loss. Their primary mechanism of action is attributed to reduction in energy intake. Data from murine studies also support an additional impact of those agents on energy homeostasis through upregulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) metabolic activity, but this remains uncertain in humans. METHODS Here, we present data from a proof-of-concept study on 30 individuals with obstructive sleep apnea and obesity who were randomized to a GLP-1 therapy-based weight loss regimen, continuous positive airway pressure, or a combination of both for 24 weeks. At baseline and study completion, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) was performed to evaluate VAT metabolic activity, expressed as VAT target to background ratio. RESULTS Treatment with GLP-1, but not with continuous positive airway pressure, was associated with a significant increase in VAT target to background ratio. There was a strong correlation between the increase in VAT metabolic activity and the degree of weight loss. CONCLUSIONS These data support the hypothesis that upregulation of VAT metabolic activity by GLP-1 contributes to its weight loss action in humans, and this subject warrants further detailed investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cliona O'Donnell
- Pulmonary and Sleep Disorders Unit, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Odhrán Ryan
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- St. Columcille's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew E Hogan
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Desmond Killick
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shane Crilly
- Department of Radiology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jonathan D Dodd
- Department of Radiology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David J Murphy
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Radiology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Silke Ryan
- Pulmonary and Sleep Disorders Unit, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Donal O'Shea
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- St. Columcille's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Tanhapour M, Nourbakhsh M, Panahi G, Golestani A. The role of Sirtuin 1 in regulation of fibrotic genes expression in pre-adipocytes. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:1081-1091. [PMID: 38932833 PMCID: PMC11196476 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-024-01389-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Considering inhibition of pre-adipocyte cells differentiation in adipose tissue fibrosis, we aimed to explore whether Sirt1 and Hif-1α in pre-adipocytes have a significant effect on fibrotic gene expression. Methods 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were transfected with SIRT1-specific siRNA, confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting. Additionally, cells were treated with varying concentrations of resveratrol and sirtinol as the activator and inhibitor of Sirt1, respectively. Involvement of Hif-1α was evaluated by treatment with echinomycin. Subsequently, we assessed the gene and protein expressions related to fibrosis in the extracellular matrix of adipose tissue, including collagen VI (Col VI), lysyl oxidase (Lox), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (Mmp-2), Mmp-9, and osteopontin (Opn) in pre-adipocytes through RT-PCR and western blot. Results The current study demonstrated that Sirt1 knockdown and reduced enzyme activity significantly increased the expression of Col VI, Lox, Mmp-2, Mmp-9, and Opn genes in the treated 3T3-L1 cells compared to the control group. Interestingly, resveratrol significantly decreased the gene expression related to the fibrosis pathway. Inhibition of Hif-1α by echinomycin led to a significant reduction in Col VI, Mmp-2, and Mmp-9 gene expression in the treated group compared to the control. Conclusion This study highlights that down-regulation of Sirt1 might be a predisposing factor in the emergence of adipose tissue fibrosis by enhancing the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Activation of Sirt1, similar to suppressing of Hif-1α in pre-adipocytes may be a beneficial approach for attenuating fibrotic gene expression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-024-01389-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Tanhapour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Nourbakhsh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghodratollah Panahi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Golestani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Peng Y, Zhao L, Li M, Liu Y, Shi Y, Zhang J. Plasticity of Adipose Tissues: Interconversion among White, Brown, and Beige Fat and Its Role in Energy Homeostasis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:483. [PMID: 38672499 PMCID: PMC11048349 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, characterized by the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue, has emerged as a major public health concern worldwide. To develop effective strategies for treating obesity, it is essential to comprehend the biological properties of different adipose tissue types and their respective roles in maintaining energy balance. Adipose tissue serves as a crucial organ for energy storage and metabolism in the human body, with functions extending beyond simple fat storage to encompass the regulation of energy homeostasis and the secretion of endocrine factors. This review provides an overview of the key characteristics, functional differences, and interconversion processes among white adipose tissue (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), and beige adipose tissue. Moreover, it delves into the molecular mechanisms and recent research advancements concerning the browning of WAT, activation of BAT, and whitening of BAT. Although targeting adipose tissue metabolism holds promise as a potential approach for obesity treatment, further investigations are necessary to unravel the intricate biological features of various adipose tissue types and elucidate the molecular pathways governing their interconversion. Such research endeavors will pave the way for the development of more efficient and targeted therapeutic interventions in the fight against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jian Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519000, China; (Y.P.); (L.Z.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.S.)
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Shabani M, Hosseini H, Tajik MH, Meshkani R, Sadeghi A. Resveratrol relieves HFD-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle tissue through antioxidant capacity enhancement and the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:516. [PMID: 38622329 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resveratrol has received much attention due to its beneficial effects including antioxidant activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of resveratrol treatment on oxidative stress and insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed animals. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 30 six-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated to three groups (10 animals in each group): The control group in which mice were fed a normal chow diet (NCD); the HFD group in which mice were fed an HFD for 26 weeks; and the HFD-resveratrol group in which HFD was replaced by a resveratrol supplemented-HFD (400 mg/kg diet) after 10 weeks of HFD feeding. At the end of this period, gastrocnemius muscle samples were examined to determine insulin resistance and the oxidative status in the presence of HFD and resveratrol. Resveratrol supplementation in HFD-fed mice reduced body and adipose tissue weight, improved insulin sensitivity, and decreased oxidative stress as indicated by lower malonaldehyde (MDA) levels and higher total antioxidant capacity. The supplement also increased the expression and activity of antioxidative enzymes in gastrocnemius muscle and modulated Nrf2 and Keap1 expression levels. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that resveratrol is effective in improving the antioxidant defense system of the skeletal muscle in HFD-fed mice, indicating its therapeutic potential to combat diseases associated with insulin resistance and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shabani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Tajik
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asie Sadeghi
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Cani PD, Van Hul M. Gut microbiota in overweight and obesity: crosstalk with adipose tissue. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:164-183. [PMID: 38066102 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are characterized by excessive fat mass accumulation produced when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. One plausible way to control energy expenditure is to modulate thermogenic pathways in white adipose tissue (WAT) and/or brown adipose tissue (BAT). Among the different environmental factors capable of influencing host metabolism and energy balance, the gut microbiota is now considered a key player. Following pioneering studies showing that mice lacking gut microbes (that is, germ-free mice) or depleted of their gut microbiota (that is, using antibiotics) developed less adipose tissue, numerous studies have investigated the complex interactions existing between gut bacteria, some of their membrane components (that is, lipopolysaccharides), and their metabolites (that is, short-chain fatty acids, endocannabinoids, bile acids, aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands and tryptophan derivatives) as well as their contribution to the browning and/or beiging of WAT and changes in BAT activity. In this Review, we discuss the general physiology of both WAT and BAT. Subsequently, we introduce how gut bacteria and different microbiota-derived metabolites, their receptors and signalling pathways can regulate the development of adipose tissue and its metabolic capacities. Finally, we describe the key challenges in moving from bench to bedside by presenting specific key examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium.
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Matthias Van Hul
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (MNUT), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
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Farhan M, Rizvi A. The Pharmacological Properties of Red Grape Polyphenol Resveratrol: Clinical Trials and Obstacles in Drug Development. Nutrients 2023; 15:4486. [PMID: 37892561 PMCID: PMC10610408 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a stilbenoid from red grapes that possesses a strong antioxidant activity. Resveratrol has been shown to have anticancer activity, making it a promising drug for the treatment and prevention of numerous cancers. Several in vitro and in vivo investigations have validated resveratrol's anticancer capabilities, demonstrating its ability to block all steps of carcinogenesis (such as initiation, promotion, and progression). Additionally, resveratrol has been found to have auxiliary pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective activity. Despite its pharmacological properties, several obstacles, such as resveratrol's poor solubility and bioavailability, as well as its adverse effects, continue to be key obstacles to drug development. This review critically evaluates the clinical trials to date and aims to develop a framework to develop resveratrol into a clinically viable drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Farhan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year Deanship, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Rizvi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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Vrânceanu M, Hegheş SC, Cozma-Petruţ A, Banc R, Stroia CM, Raischi V, Miere D, Popa DS, Filip L. Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals Involved in Body Weight Control by Modulating Gene Expression. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2273. [PMID: 37375898 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is the most prevalent health problem in the Western world, with pathological body weight gain associated with numerous co-morbidities that can be the main cause of death. There are several factors that can contribute to the development of obesity, such as diet, sedentary lifestyle, and genetic make-up. Genetic predispositions play an important role in obesity, but genetic variations alone cannot fully explain the explosion of obesity, which is why studies have turned to epigenetics. The latest scientific evidence suggests that both genetics and environmental factors contribute to the rise in obesity. Certain variables, such as diet and exercise, have the ability to alter gene expression without affecting the DNA sequence, a phenomenon known as epigenetics. Epigenetic changes are reversible, and reversibility makes these changes attractive targets for therapeutic interventions. While anti-obesity drugs have been proposed to this end in recent decades, their numerous side effects make them not very attractive. On the other hand, the use of nutraceuticals for weight loss is increasing, and studies have shown that some of these products, such as resveratrol, curcumin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, ginger, capsaicin, and caffeine, can alter gene expression, restoring the normal epigenetic profile and aiding weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vrânceanu
- Department of Toxicology, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona-Codruţa Hegheş
- Department of Drug Analysis, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anamaria Cozma-Petruţ
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Roxana Banc
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmina Mariana Stroia
- Department of Pharmacy, Oradea University, 1 Universităţii Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Viorica Raischi
- Laboratory of Physiology of Stress, Adaptation and General Sanocreatology, Institute of Physiology and Sanocreatology, 1 Academiei Street, 2028 Chișinău, Moldova
| | - Doina Miere
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniela-Saveta Popa
- Department of Toxicology, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lorena Filip
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Li Q, Zheng Y, Sun Y, Xu G. Resveratrol attenuated fatty acid synthesis through MAPK-PPAR pathway in red tilapia. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 268:109598. [PMID: 36898469 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
High-fat (HF) diets have been shown to cause hepatic impairment in fish species, but the mode of action, especially the pathways involved, has not yet been determined. In this study, the effects of resveratrol (RES) supplementation on the hepatic structure and fat metabolism of red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were determined. Based on transcriptome and proteomics results, RES was found to promote fatty acid β-oxidation in the blood, liver, and liver cells associated with apoptosis and the MAPK/PPAR signaling pathway. RES supplementation was found to alter the expression of genes related to apoptosis and fatty acid pathways like blood itga6a and armc5 which were upregulated and downregulated respectively by high-fat feeding while ggh and ensonig00000008711 increased and decreased, respectively, with RES addition. Relative to the PPAR signaling pathway, fabp10a and acbd7 showed a reverse U-shaped tendency, both in different treatments and at different times. Proteomics results demonstrated that MAPK/PPAR, carbon/glyoxylate, dicarboxylate/glycine serine, and threonine/drug-other enzymes/beta-alanine metabolism pathways in the RES group were significantly affected, and Fasn and Acox1 decreased and increased, respectively, with RES addition. Seven subgroups were obtained using scRNA-seq, and enrichment analysis showed that the PPAR signaling pathway was upregulated with RES supplementation. RES significantly increased the expression of the marked genes (pck1) ensonig00000037711, fbp10a, granulin, hbe1, and zgc:136461, which are liver cell-specific genes. In conclusion, RES resulted in significantly enriched DGEs associated with fat metabolism and synthesis via the MAPK-PPAR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China
| | - Yao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China
| | - Gangchun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China.
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Zhang H, Wang J, Xie F, Liu Y, Qiu M, Han Z, Ding Y, Zheng X, Yin Z, Zhang X. Identification of microRNAs implicated in modulating resveratrol-induced apoptosis in porcine granulosa cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1169745. [PMID: 37250898 PMCID: PMC10211428 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1169745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that play a crucial role in the complex and dynamic network that regulates the apoptosis of porcine ovarian granulosa cells (POGCs). Resveratrol (RSV) is a nonflavonoid polyphenol compound that is involved in follicular development and ovulation. In previous study, we established a model of RSV treatment of POGCs, confirming the regulatory effect of RSV in POGCs. To investigate the miRNA-level effects of RSV on POGCs to reveal differentially expressed miRNAs, a control group (n = 3, 0 μM RSV group), a low RSV group (n = 3, 50 μM RSV group), and a high RSV group (n = 3, 100 μM RSV group) were created for small RNA-seq. In total, 113 differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) were identified, and a RT-qPCR analysis showed a correlation with the sequencing data. Functional annotation analysis revealed that DE-miRNAs in the LOW vs. CON group may be involved in cell development, proliferation, and apoptosis. In the HIGH vs. CON group, RSV functions were associated with metabolic processes and responses to stimuli, while the pathways were related to PI3K24, Akt, Wnt, and apoptosis. In addition, we constructed miRNA-mRNA networks related to Apoptosis and Metabolism. Then, ssc-miR-34a and ssc-miR-143-5p were selected as key miRNAs. In conclusion, this study provided an improved understanding of effects of RSV on POGCs apoptosis through the miRNA modulations. The results suggest that RSV may promote POGCs apoptosis by stimulating the miRNA expressions and provided a better understanding of the role of miRNAs combined with RSV in ovarian granulosa cell development in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, Hefei, China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, Hefei, China
| | - Fan Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, Hefei, China
| | - Yangguang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, Hefei, China
| | - Mengyao Qiu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, Hefei, China
| | - Zheng Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, Hefei, China
| | - Yueyun Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, Hefei, China
| | - Xianrui Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, Hefei, China
| | - Zongjun Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry, Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, Hefei, China
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Hoca M, Becer E, Vatansever HS. The role of resveratrol in diabetes and obesity associated with insulin resistance. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:555-561. [PMID: 33719825 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1893338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a significant health problem that is caused by chronic hyperglycaemia as a result of inadequate insulin production or ineffective insulin action in the body. In recent years, many new pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies have been developed for improving pancreatic insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Resveratrol is a natural and biologically active stilbenoid polyphenol present in various plant species and has the potential to benefit diabetes. The anti-diabetic actions of resveratrol have also been extensively studied in diabetic human and animal models. Moreover, resveratrol might affect insulin sensitivity by regulating visceral fat derivated adipokine levels. The use of resveratrol in combination with anti-diabetic therapies or alone may have significant potential for the management of diabetes mellitus. This review provides an overview of the anti-diabetic action of resveratrol as well as the possible mechanisms that have an effect on insulin secretion and insulin resistance in diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Hoca
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Eda Becer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
- DESAM Institute, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Hafize Seda Vatansever
- DESAM Institute, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
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Ding MH, Xu PG, Wang Y, Ren BD, Zhang JL. Resveratrol Attenuates Ankylosing Spondylitis in Mice by Inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 Pathway and Regulating Gut Microbiota. Immunol Invest 2023; 52:194-209. [PMID: 36548483 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2022.2154162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune disease associated with disturbed gut microbiota. Currently, the treatments and outcomes of AS are not satisfactory. It is reported that resveratrol (RES) is a major phytoalexin with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and some other pharmacological effects. However, there are no studies on the role of RES in AS. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of RES on AS. Proteoglycan and complete freund's adjuvant were used to conduct an AS mouse model, and then the AS mice were gavaged with RES (20 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) daily for 4 weeks. Subsequently, the effect of RES on AS mice was assessed by detecting disease severity, inflammatory cytokines, NLRP3 inflammasome, TLR4/NF-κB pathway, intestinal mucosal barrier function, intestinal microbial barrier function. The assessment results indicated that RES could significantly relieve progression and severity of AS, inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-17A, interferon-γ), and promote the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-4). RES intervention caused the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome and TLR4/NF-κB pathway. In terms of intestinal barrier function, experimental results found RES increased zonula occludens-1 and occludin expression, and additionally, changed the composition of the gut microbiota by increasing levels of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and reducing levels of Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli. Collectively, RES protects PG-induced AS mice by inhibiting inflammatory responses and TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway, restoring intestinal mucosal barrier function, and regulating the composition of the gut microbiota. In other words, RES is a potential candidate for the treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Ding
- The Seventh Department of Rheumatology, Xi'an No.5 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng-Gang Xu
- The Seventh Department of Rheumatology, Xi'an No.5 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The Eighth Department of Rheumatology, Xi'an No.5 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Bao-di Ren
- The Seventh Department of Rheumatology, Xi'an No.5 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun-Li Zhang
- The Seventh Department of Rheumatology, Xi'an No.5 Hospital, Xi'an, China
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Gang X, Gao T, Han Y, Tai Y, Zhong C, Chen S, Gao Y, Li L, Xiao Z, Barat D, Liu M. Effectiveness and safety of different academic schools of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of obesity: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31960. [PMID: 36626424 PMCID: PMC9750627 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a global epidemic. Since 1975, the global obesity rate has almost tripled. Although many systematic reviews and clinical trials have shown that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can effectively treat obesity, the effectiveness and safety of different academic schools of TCM in treating obesity have not been systematically evaluated. METHODS The retrieval language of this study was Chinese and English. From the date of creation of the following data to June 2023, the data of Medline, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Science Network, China Biomedical Literature Database, Central Controlled Trial Registration Center, and China Science Journal Database were retrieved, respectively. This study included clinical randomized controlled trials related to the treatment of obesity by different academic schools of TCM. The main outcome measures were body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist hip ratio, body fat content, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and blood lipid level. In addition, we manually searched other resources, including reference lists of identified publications, conference articles, and gray literature. RESULTS This study will provide a more diverse choice of treatment options. CONCLUSION The purpose of this study is to summarize and evaluate the effectiveness and safety of different academic schools of TCM in improving and treating obese patients from clinical trials, so as to provide more options for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochao Gang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Tianjiao Gao
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yiran Han
- Changchun University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxing Tai
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Chongwen Zhong
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Acupuncture and Massage Center of the Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shaotao Chen
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Acupuncture and Massage Center of the Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lijie Li
- Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenxiang Xiao
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Dilnur Barat
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mingjun Liu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Acupuncture and Massage Center of the Third Affiliated Clinical Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Mingjun Liu, College of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of traditional Chinese medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun 130117, China (e-mail: )
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Islam T, Albracht-Schulte K, Ramalingam L, Schlabritz-Lutsevich N, Park OH, Zabet-Moghaddam M, Kalupahana NS, Moustaid-Moussa N. Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of polyphenols in adipose tissue: role of gut microbiota, intestinal barrier integrity and zinc homeostasis. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 115:109242. [PMID: 36442715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an imbalance of micro-and macro-nutrients, gut dysbiosis, and a "leaky" gut phenomenon. Polyphenols, such as curcumin, resveratrol, and anthocyanins may alleviate the systemic effects of obesity, potentially by improving gut microbiota, intestinal barrier integrity (IBI), and zinc homeostasis. The essential micronutrient zinc plays a crucial role in the regulation of enzymatic processes, including inflammation, maintenance of the microbial ecology, and intestinal barrier integrity. In this review, we focus on IBI- which prevents intestinal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leakage - as a critical player in polyphenol-mediated protective effects against obesity-associated white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation. This occurs through mechanisms that block the movement of the bacterial endotoxin LPS across the gut barrier. Available research suggests that polyphenols reduce WAT and systemic inflammation via crosstalk with inflammatory NF-κB, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and zinc homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariful Islam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Kembra Albracht-Schulte
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Natalia Schlabritz-Lutsevich
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Advanced Fertility Center, Odessa, Texas, USA
| | - Oak-Hee Park
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Masoud Zabet-Moghaddam
- Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Center for Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Nishan S Kalupahana
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
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14
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Zheng Y, Shi Y, Yang X, Gao J, Nie Z, Xu G. Effects of resveratrol on lipid metabolism in liver of red tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 261:109408. [PMID: 35820615 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RES), as a polyphenol natural plant extract, mainly accumulates in the root of Polygonum cuspidatum, which can alleviate liver injury in mammals. Our study aims to explore the effects and potential mechanism of RES on lipid metabolism of red tilapia, and the effects of RES on liver structure, fat synthesis and metabolism of red tilapia were determined. The present study designed four groups named as 8 % fat (8%CK), 10 % fat (10 % HF), 10 % HF + RES and 10 % HF + RES + EX527 (selisistat). The liver tissues of red tilapia were collected at 3 (3 W), 6 (6 W) and 9 (9 W) weeks for parameter determination. Compared to the normal diet group, the hepatocyte of tilapia showed nuclear shift and vacuoles of different sizes when fed a high-fat diet. Meanwhile, the high-fat diet increased the contents of LDL, TC and TG significantly at 6 W, and significantly decreased the content of NAD+ at 9 W. Compared to the high-fat group, the nuclei of tilapia fed with RES were increased and visible, the degree of steatosis and the number of vacuoles were both reduced. At 3/6/9 W, RES significantly decreased the contents of LDL, TG and TMAO, and significantly increased the content of NAD+. A total of 1416 genes were up-regulated and 1928 genes were down-regulated in the group with added RES when compared to the 10 % HF group. The pathways related to lipid metabolism including PPAR signaling pathway have been enriched. Interestingly, the expressions of sirt1, pparα, fabp7 and cpt1b genes were up-regulated in RES diet group, while the expressions of pparγ, me1, scd and lpl genes were down-regulated. After the addition of an inhibitor (EX527), the above indexes showed an opposite trend when compared to the group with added RES. The overall results showed that the high-fat diet could cause fatty liver lesions in the liver of red tilapia, and RES could activate the sirt1 gene, regulate the PPARα/γ pathway and related genes, and thus regulate liver fat synthesis and metabolism leading to the alleviation of damage to liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China
| | - Yulu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China
| | - Xiaoxi Yang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China
| | - Jiancao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China
| | - Zhijuan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China
| | - Gangchun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China.
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15
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The Effect of Resveratrol on Blood Lipid Profile: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183755. [PMID: 36145131 PMCID: PMC9506025 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The effects of resveratrol on blood lipids are controversial. Whether there is a dose-response of the lipid profile upon resveratrol supplementation is unknown. (2) Methods: This dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to explore the effects of resveratrol supplementation on lipid profile. A systematical and comprehensive search of several databases was conducted by 30 June 2022. (3) Results: The results indicated that the intake of resveratrol could significantly decrease the total cholesterol (TC) (mean difference = −10.28; 95%CI: −13.79, −6.76, p < 0.001), triglyceride (TG) (Mean difference = −856; 95%CI: −12.37, −4.75, p < 0.001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (mean difference = −5.69; 95%CI: −11.07, −0.31, p = 0.038) level, but did not alter the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). In the non-linear dose−response analysis, we observed a significant effect of the supplementation dosage on the level of LDL-C (p-nonlinearity = 0.002). Results from the sub-group analysis showed that the reduction of LDL-C was more significant in the trials with a duration of ≥12 weeks and in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (4) Conclusion: Findings from this study suggest that resveratrol may be beneficial to reduce TC, TG, and LDL-C levels in the blood. The dosage of the resveratrol intervention is an essential factor that affects the level of LDL-C.
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16
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Milton-Laskibar I, Cuevas-Sierra A, Portillo MP, Martínez JA. Effects of Resveratrol Administration in Liver Injury Prevention as Induced by an Obesogenic Diet: Role of Ruminococcaceae. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081797. [PMID: 35892696 PMCID: PMC9330856 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been described in several metabolic disruptions, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Administration of resveratrol has been claimed to elicit benefits against NAFLD along with modulating gut microbiota composition. This investigation aims to study the putative mediating role of gut microbiota in the potential hepato-protective effects of resveratrol in a diet-induced NAFLD rat model. The involvement of bacteria from the Ruminococcaceae family in such effects was also addressed. Resveratrol administration resulted in lowered liver weight and serum total and non-HDL cholesterol concentrations, as well as in increased serum HDL cholesterol levels. The administration of this polyphenol also prevented obesogenic diet-induced serum transaminase increases. In addition, histopathological analysis revealed that resveratrol administration ameliorated the dietary-induced liver steatosis and hepatic inflammation. Gut microbiota sequencing showed an inverse relationship between some bacteria from the Ruminococcaceae family and the screened hepatic markers, whereas in other cases the opposite relationship was also found. Interestingly, an interaction was found between UBA-1819 abundance and resveratrol induced liver weight decrease, suggesting that for this marker resveratrol induced effects were greater when the abundance of this bacteria was high, while no actions were found when UBA-1819 abundance was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Milton-Laskibar
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, Spanish National Research Council, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (I.M.-L.); (A.C.-S.); (J.A.M.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28222 Madrid, Spain
- BIOARABA Institute of Health, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Amanda Cuevas-Sierra
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, Spanish National Research Council, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (I.M.-L.); (A.C.-S.); (J.A.M.)
| | - María P. Portillo
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28222 Madrid, Spain
- BIOARABA Institute of Health, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and LuciLascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-945-01-30-67
| | - J. Alfredo Martínez
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, Spanish National Research Council, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (I.M.-L.); (A.C.-S.); (J.A.M.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28222 Madrid, Spain
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17
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The Bioactivities of Phycocyanobilin from Spirulina. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:4008991. [PMID: 35726224 PMCID: PMC9206584 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4008991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycocyanobilin (PCB) is a linear open-chain tetrapyrrole chromophore that captures and senses light and a variety of biological activities, such as anti-oxidation, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory. In this paper, the biological activities of PCB are reviewed, and the related mechanism of PCB and its latest application in disease treatment are introduced. PCB can resist oxidation by scavenging free radicals, inhibiting the activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, and delaying the activity of antioxidant enzymes. In addition, PCB can also be used as an excellent anti-inflammatory agent to reduce the proinflammatory factors IL-6 and IFN-γ and to up-regulate the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by inhibiting the inflammatory signal pathways NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Due to the above biological activities of phycocyanobilin PCB, it is expected to become a new effective drug for treating various diseases, such as COVID-19 complications, atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis (MS), and ischaemic stroke (IS).
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18
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Resveratrol for Weight Loss in Obesity: An Assessment of Randomized Control Trial Designs in ClinicalTrials.gov. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071424. [PMID: 35406038 PMCID: PMC9002514 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a polyphenol that may improve weight loss outcomes in obese individuals. However, assessing the effectiveness of resveratrol supplementations as an appropriate intervention for weight loss in obesity across randomized control trials (RCTs) has been complicated by variability in their design. This study aims to evaluate design elements across RCTs of resveratrol interventions in obesity with weight loss as an end-point outcome, as recorded in ClinicalTrials.gov. We found discrepancies in participant inclusion criteria (sample size, age ranges, sex, BMI, medical conditions), interventional design (delivery modalities, dosages, duration) and primary outcomes measured (anthropomorphic, blood biomarkers). We identified a near three-fold variation in study sample size, two-fold variation in minimum inclusion age, five modalities of therapeutic resveratrol delivery with interventional durations ranging from two weeks to six months. Weight loss was only identified as a primary outcome in three of the seven studies evaluated. In conclusion, heterogeneity in trial design using resveratrol suggests that weight-loss-related outcomes are difficult to interpret and cross-validate. Indeed, conclusions drawn from human studies have been inconsistent, which may be attributed to study design heterogeneity including major differences in sample population, age, sex, BMI, underlying health conditions and end-point measures.
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19
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Gates EJ, Bernath AK, Klegeris A. Modifying the diet and gut microbiota to prevent and manage neurodegenerative diseases. Rev Neurosci 2022; 33:767-787. [PMID: 35304983 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The global prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease is steadily increasing due to the aging population. The lack of effective drugs against these neurodegenerative disorders makes it imperative to identify new strategies for their prevention and treatment. Recent studies have revealed that harnessing the power of the gut microbiota through modification of diet may be a valuable approach for reducing the risk, modulating the symptoms, and ameliorating the pathophysiological aspects of neurodegenerative diseases. Consuming specific dietary components can alter the prevalence of bacterial communities within the gut to a healthy enterotype, which can influence the production of beneficial metabolites by microbiota. This article focuses on several dietary components, which have been demonstrated to affect the gut microbiota-brain axis and therefore could lead to attenuation of specific pathological processes in neurodegenerative diseases. Published evidence indicates that fermented foods, including kefir, and foods that are high in bioactive polyphenols and complex carbohydrates, such as grapes, pomegranates, and seaweed, may be effective at reducing neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, neurotransmitter dysfunction, and neuronal death associated with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Even though experimental evidence supporting the protective properties of the above dietary components in these diseases is emerging, it is evident that further human clinical studies are required to conclusively establish the benefits of any suggested dietary interventions. The translational potential of such research is illustrated by the clinical success of the recently developed Alzheimer's drug, GV-971, which is a seaweed derivative that works by modulating the gut microbiota-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen J Gates
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna V1V 1V7, BC, Canada
| | - Anna K Bernath
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna V1V 1V7, BC, Canada
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna V1V 1V7, BC, Canada
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20
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Álvarez SA, Rocha-Guzmán NE, González-Laredo RF, Gallegos-Infante JA, Moreno-Jiménez MR, Bravo-Muñoz M. Ancestral Food Sources Rich in Polyphenols, Their Metabolism, and the Potential Influence of Gut Microbiota in the Management of Depression and Anxiety. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:944-956. [PMID: 35041424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between a population's diet and the risk of suffering from mental disorders has gained importance in recent years, becoming exacerbated due to the COVID-19 lockdown. This review concentrates relevant literature from Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar analyzed with the aim of rescuing knowledge that promotes mental health. In this context, it is important to highlight those flowers, seeds, herbaceous plants, fungi, leaves, and tree barks, among other ancestral matrices, that have been historically part of the eating habits of human beings and have also been a consequence of the adaptation of collectors, consuming the ethnoflora present in different ecosystems. Likewise, it is important to note that this knowledge has been progressively lost in the new generations. Therefore, this review concentrates an important number of matrices used particularly for food and medicinal purposes, recognized for their anxiolytic and antidepressant effects, establishing the importance of metabolism and biotransformation mainly of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols by the action of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Alberto Álvarez
- Research Group on Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., 34080 Durango, Durango, México
| | - Nuria Elizabeth Rocha-Guzmán
- Research Group on Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., 34080 Durango, Durango, México
| | - Rubén Francisco González-Laredo
- Research Group on Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., 34080 Durango, Durango, México
| | - José Alberto Gallegos-Infante
- Research Group on Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., 34080 Durango, Durango, México
| | - Martha Rocío Moreno-Jiménez
- Research Group on Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote., 34080 Durango, Durango, México
| | - Marely Bravo-Muñoz
- Instituo Nacional de Neurociencias y Salud Mental, INNSAM, 21831 Chiapas, México
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21
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Ahluwalia MK. Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics-A personalized approach to nutrition. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2021; 108:277-340. [PMID: 34844714 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of non-communicable diseases has been on an upward trajectory for some time and this puts an enormous burden on the healthcare expenditure. Lifestyle modifications including dietary interventions hold an immense promise to manage and prevent these diseases. Recent advances in genomic research provide evidence that focussing these efforts on individual variations in abilities to metabolize nutrients (nutrigenetics) and exploring the role of dietary compounds on gene expression (nutrigenomics and nutri-epigenomics) can lead to more meaningful personalized dietary strategies to promote optimal health. This chapter aims to provide examples on these gene-diet interactions at multiple levels to support the need of embedding targeted dietary interventions as a way forward to prevent, avoid and manage diseases.
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22
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Cheng L, Wang J, Dai H, Duan Y, An Y, Shi L, Lv Y, Li H, Wang C, Ma Q, Li Y, Li P, Du H, Zhao B. Brown and beige adipose tissue: a novel therapeutic strategy for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Adipocyte 2021; 10:48-65. [PMID: 33403891 PMCID: PMC7801117 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1870060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian adipose tissue can be divided into two major types, namely, white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). According to classical view, the main function of WAT is to store excess energy in the form of triglycerides, while BAT is a thermogenic tissue that acts a pivotal part in maintaining the core body temperature. White adipocytes display high plasticity and can transdifferentiate into beige adipocytes which have many similar morphological and functional properties with brown adipocytes under the stimulations of exercise, cold exposure and other factors. This phenomenon is also known as 'browning of WAT'. In addition to transdifferentiation, beige adipocytes can also come from de novo differentiation from tissue-resident progenitors. Activating BAT and inducing browning of WAT can accelerate the intake of glycolipids and reduce the insulin secretion requirement, which may be a new strategy to improve glycolipids metabolism and insulin resistance of obese and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This review mainly discusses the significance of brown and beige adipose tissues in the treatment of obesity and T2DM, and focuses on the effect of the browning agent on obesity and T2DM, which provides a brand-new theoretical reference for the prevention and treatment of obesity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Hongyu Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Yuhui Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Yongcheng An
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Yinglan Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Huimin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Quantao Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Yaqi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
| | - Haifeng Du
- The Third Municipal Hospital of Chengde, Chengde, China
| | - Baosheng Zhao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing China
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23
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Wang Z, Zeng M, Wang Z, Qin F, Wang Y, Chen J, Christian M, He Z. Food phenolics stimulate adipocyte browning via regulating gut microecology. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-27. [PMID: 34738509 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1997905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Fat browning has piqued the interest of researchers as a potential target for treating obesity and related metabolic disorders. Recruitment of brown adipocytes leads to enhanced energy dissipation and reduced adiposity, thus facilitating the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. Evidence is increasing to support the crucial roles of polyphenols and gut microecology in turning fat "brown". However, it is not clear whether the intestinal microecology is involved in polyphenol-mediated regulation of adipose browning, so this concept is worthy of exploration. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge, mostly from studies with murine models, supporting the concept that the effects of food phenolics on brown fat activation and white fat browning can be attributed to their regulatory actions on gut microecology, including microbial community profile, gut metabolites, and gut-derived hormones. Furthermore, the potential underlying pathways involved are also discussed. Basically, understanding gut microecology paves the way to determine the underlying roles and mechanisms of food phenolics in adipose browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Maomao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yongzhi Wang
- Food and Beverage Department of Damin Food (Zhangzhou) Co., Ltd, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mark Christian
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Zhiyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Lee TH, Christie BR, Lin K, Siu PMF, Zhang L, Yuan TF, Komal P, Xu A, So KF, Yau SY. Chronic AdipoRon Treatment Mimics the Effects of Physical Exercise on Restoring Hippocampal Neuroplasticity in Diabetic Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4666-4681. [PMID: 34164760 PMCID: PMC8487422 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02441-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Administration of exercise mimetic drugs could be a novel therapeutic approach to combat comorbid neurodegeneration and metabolic syndromes. Adiponectin is an adipocyte-secreted hormone. In addition to its antidiabetic effect, adiponectin mediates the antidepressant effect of physical exercise associated with adult hippocampal neurogenesis. The antidiabetic effect of the adiponectin receptor agonist AdipoRon has been demonstrated, but its potential pro-cognitive and neurotrophic effects in the hippocampus under diabetic condition are still unclear. This study reported that chronic AdipoRon treatment for 2 weeks improved hippocampal-dependent spatial recognition memory in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Besides, AdipoRon treatment increased progenitor cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of diabetic mice. Furthermore, AdipoRon treatment significantly increased dendritic complexity, spine density, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in the dentate region, and increased BDNF levels in the DG of diabetic mice. AdipoRon treatment activated AMPK/PGC-1α signalling in the DG, whereas increases in cell proliferation and LTP were not observed when PGC-1α signalling was pharmacologically inhibited. In sum, chronic AdipoRon treatment partially mimics the benefits of physical exercise for learning and memory and hippocampal neuroplasticity in the diabetic brain. The results suggested that AdipoRon could be a potential physical exercise mimetic to improve hippocampal plasticity and hence rescue learning and memory impairment typically associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Brian R Christie
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kangguang Lin
- Department of Affective Disorder, Guangzhou Brain Hospital, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Parco Ming-Fai Siu
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pragya Komal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS-Pilani Hyderabad), Hyderabad, India
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Suk-Yu Yau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR.
- University Research Facility in Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR.
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25
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Fan Q, Xu F, Liang B, Zou X. The Anti-Obesity Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Lipid Metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:696603. [PMID: 34234682 PMCID: PMC8255923 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.696603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the improvement of living conditions and the popularity of unhealthy eating and living habits, obesity is becoming a global epidemic. Obesity is now recognized as a disease that not only increases the risk of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer but also negatively affects longevity and the quality of life. The traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are highly enriched in bioactive compounds and have been used for the treatment of obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases over a long period of time. In this review, we selected the most commonly used anti-obesity or anti-hyperlipidemia TCMs and, where known, their major bioactive compounds. We then summarized their multi-target molecular mechanisms, specifically focusing on lipid metabolism, including the modulation of lipid absorption, reduction of lipid synthesis, and increase of lipid decomposition and lipid transportation, as well as the regulation of appetite. This review produces a current and comprehensive understanding of integrative and systematic mechanisms for the use of TCMs for anti-obesity. We also advocate taking advantage of TCMs as another therapy for interventions on obesity-related diseases, as well as stressing the fact that more is needed to be done, scientifically, to determine the active compounds and modes of action of the TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijing Fan
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Furong Xu
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoju Zou
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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26
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Salazar J, Cano C, Pérez JL, Castro A, Díaz MP, Garrido B, Carrasquero R, Chacín M, Velasco M, D Marco L, Rojas-Quintero J, Bermúdez V. Role of Dietary Polyphenols in Adipose Tissue Browning: A Narrative Review. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:4444-4460. [PMID: 32611294 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200701211422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle modifications such as energy restriction and increased physical activity are highly effective in the management of obesity. However, adherence to these therapeutic approaches is poor. On the other hand, synthetic drugs used for obesity control are plagued by adverse effects. Despite these failures, adipose tissue is still an attractive therapeutic target for novel molecules, and thus, the characterisation of new and safer anti-obesity drugs is of significant interest. For this reason, in recent years, phenolic constituents of diverse plants have drawn much attention due to their health-promoting properties, opening new research lines related to brown adipose tissue activation and white adipose tissue (WAT) browning. The goal is to increase energy expenditure levels through thermogenic activity activation by multiple factors, like polyphenols. The suggested mechanisms by which polyphenols can modulate thermogenesis include Nor-epinephrine/Catechol-O-Methyl-Transferase (NE/COMT) inhibition, PPARγ co-activator alpha (PGC-1α)-dependent pathways activation, and mitochondrial biogenesis, among others. Although polyphenols such as quercetin, catechins, chrysin, luteolin, curcumin, resveratrol, gallic acid, and lignans have shown a positive effect on Non-Shivering Thermogenesis and WAT browning, most of them have only been active in murine models or in vitro systems, and their reproducibility in humans has to be proved. Probably in the future, an approach that includes these compounds as part of the nutritional regimen in conjunction with physical exercise, pharmacological and surgical therapy, would allow modulating a pathophysiological mechanism that is still elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Clímaco Cano
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - José L Pérez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Ana Castro
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - María P Díaz
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Bermary Garrido
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Rubén Carrasquero
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center. School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Maricarmen Chacín
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Manuel Velasco
- Universidad Central de Venezuela, Escuela de Medicina José María Vargas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Luis D Marco
- Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA, Nephrology department, Valencia, Espana
| | - Joselyn Rojas-Quintero
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
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Nallappan D, Chua KH, Ong KC, Chong CW, Teh CSJ, Palanisamy UD, Kuppusamy UR. Amelioration of high-fat diet-induced obesity and its associated complications by a myricetin derivative-rich fraction from Syzygium malaccense in C57BL/6J mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:5876-5891. [PMID: 34019055 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00539a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a driving factor in the onset of metabolic disorders. This study aims to investigate the effects of the myricetin derivative-rich fraction (MD) from Syzygium malaccense leaf extract on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and its associated complications and its influence on uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) and gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice. Mice were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 6) and given a normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks to induce obesity. The HFD groups (continued with HFD) were administered 50 mg kg-1 MD (treatment), 50 mg kg-1 metformin (positive control) and normal saline (HFD and ND controls) daily for four weeks via oral gavage. The ten-week HFD-feeding resulted in hyperglycemia and elevated urinary oxidative indices. The subsequent MD administration caused significant weight reduction without appetite suppression and amelioration of insulin resistance, steatosis and dyslipidemia. Besides, MD significantly reduced lipid hydroperoxides and protein carbonyls in tissue homogenates and urine and elevated Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and thus, alleviated oxidative stress. The weight reduction was correlated with downregulation of inflammatory markers and the increased UCP-1 level, suggesting weight loss plausibly through thermogenesis. The Akkermansia genus (reflects improved metabolic status) in the HFD50 group was more abundant than that in the HFD group while the non-enzymatic antioxidant markers were strongly associated with UCP-1. In conclusion, MD ameliorates obesity and its related complications possibly via the upregulation of UCP-1 and increased abundance of Akkermansia genus and is promising as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of obesity and its associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi Nallappan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Kek Heng Chua
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Kien Chai Ong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. and Laboratory Animal Centre, Centre of Research Services, Institute of Research Management & Monitoring, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chun Wie Chong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Cindy Shuan Ju Teh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Uma Devi Palanisamy
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Umah Rani Kuppusamy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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28
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Zheng Y, Wu W, Hu G, Qiu L, Chen J. Transcriptome Analysis of Juvenile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) Blood, Fed With Different Concentrations of Resveratrol. Front Physiol 2020; 11:600730. [PMID: 33362577 PMCID: PMC7755862 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.600730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Oreochromis niloticus (genetically improved farmed tilapia, GIFT) often bites the root of Polygonum cuspidatum when it is used as a floating bed, and resveratrol (RES) is mainly accumulated in the root of P. cuspidatum. Blood acts as a pipeline for the fish immune system. Generating blood transcriptomic resources is crucial for understanding molecular mechanisms underlying blood immune responses. In this study, we determined the effects of RES administration on blood transcriptomic response in GIFT. With increasing RES concentration, 133 (0.025 vs. 0.05 g/kg RES), 155 (0.025 vs. 0.1 g/kg RES), and 123 (0.05 vs. 0.1 g/kg RES) genes were detected as significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Three and ninety-five shared significant DEGs were found to be enriched among the three (except 0.1 g/kg RES) and four groups (0, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 g/kg RES), respectively. To determine the relationship between mitochondrial regulation and RES supplementation, the results of RNA-Seq were analyzed and nine mitochondria-related genes (ATP synthase or mitochondrial-function-related genes) were verified. The results revealed the same expression pattern: cytochrome c isoform X2 (cox2), katanin p60 ATPase-containing subunit A1 isoform X1 (katna1), plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1-like (atp2b1) and GTP-binding protein A-like (gtpbpal) showed the highest expression in the 0.1 g/kg RES group, while NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2 mitochondrial (nad7), ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial (atpb), ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial-like (atpal), ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial (atpa) and ATP-dependent Clp protease proteolytic subunit, mitochondrial (clpp) revealed a dose-dependent expression following RES supplementation. Blood Ca2+-ATPase activity, and malondialdehyde, glutathione, and ATP content were significantly increased in the 0.05 (except Ca2+-ATPase activity), 0.1 g/kg RES group when compared with the controls. Eighty-nine shared DGEs were mainly enriched in antigen processing and presentation, cell adhesion molecules and phagosome pathways, based on the comparison between previous reported hepatic and the present blood transcriptome. Our study demonstrated that RES supplementation might improve the resistance to metabolism dysfunction via mitochondrial energy synthesis and/or the respiratory chain (e.g., ATPase).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zheng
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Wuxi, China.,Fishery Eco-Environment Monitoring Center of Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuxi, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Wuxi, China.,Fishery Eco-Environment Monitoring Center of Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuxi, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuxi, China
| | - Gengdong Hu
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Wuxi, China.,Fishery Eco-Environment Monitoring Center of Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuxi, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuxi, China
| | - Liping Qiu
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Wuxi, China.,Fishery Eco-Environment Monitoring Center of Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuxi, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiazhang Chen
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Wuxi, China.,Fishery Eco-Environment Monitoring Center of Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuxi, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuxi, China
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29
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Briskey D, Rao A. Trans-Resveratrol Oral Bioavailability in Humans Using LipiSperse™ Dispersion Technology. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121190. [PMID: 33302446 PMCID: PMC7763804 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a naturally produced compound that has been well researched for its potential health benefits. The primary hindrance towards resveratrol’s therapeutic efficacy is its traditionally poor oral bioavailability. LipiSperse® is a novel delivery system designed to increase the dispersion of lipophilic ingredients, like resveratrol, in aqueous environments. This single-dose, double-blind, randomized study compared the pharmacokinetics of a commercially available resveratrol with (Veri-Sperse®) and without (Veri-te) the LipiSperse® delivery complex. Healthy adults randomly received a single dose of either 150 Veri-te, 75 Veri-Sperse®, or 150 mg Veri-Sperse®. Venous blood samples were taken prior to dosing in a fasted state and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 24 h post supplementation. Plasma trans-resveratrol conjugates were measured by liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The area under the curve (AUC) (0–24 h), maximum concentration (Cmax), and time of maximum concentration (Tmax) of plasma conjugates were calculated. The 150 mg dose of Veri-Sperse® had a 2-fold increase in absorption (AUC) and a 3-fold increase in Cmax of trans-resveratrol conjugates compared to 150 mg Veri-te. There was no statistical difference between 75 Veri-Sperse and 150 mg Veri-te for AUC or Cmax of resveratrol conjugates. These findings provide support for the use of LipiSperse® to improve absorption of resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Briskey
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia;
- RDC Clinical, Newstead, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Amanda Rao
- RDC Clinical, Newstead, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +617-3102-4486
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30
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Ma J, Zheng Y, Tang W, Yan W, Nie H, Fang J, Liu G. Dietary polyphenols in lipid metabolism: A role of gut microbiome. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2020; 6:404-409. [PMID: 33364456 PMCID: PMC7750795 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are a class of non-essential phytonutrients, which are abundant in fruits and vegetables. Dietary polyphenols or foods rich in polyphenols are widely recommended for metabolic health. Indeed, polyphenols (i.e., catechins, resveratrol, and curcumin) are increasingly recognized as a regulator of lipid metabolism in host. The mechanisms, at least in part, may be highly associated with gut microbiome. This review mainly discussed the beneficial effects of dietary polyphenols on lipid metabolism. The potential mechanisms of gut microbiome are focused on the effect of dietary polyphenols on gut microbiota compositions and how gut microbiota affect polyphenol metabolism. Together, dietary polyphenols may be a useful nutritional strategy for manipulation of lipid metabolism or obesity care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yongmin Zheng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjie Tang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Sichuan Academy of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenxin Yan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Houfu Nie
- Agricultural and Rural Office of Chunkou Town, Liuyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Fang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, Hunan, China
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31
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Chudzińska M, Rogowicz D, Wołowiec Ł, Banach J, Sielski S, Bujak R, Sinkiewicz A, Grześk G. Resveratrol and cardiovascular system-the unfulfilled hopes. Ir J Med Sci 2020; 190:981-986. [PMID: 33219913 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-020-02441-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Resveratrol is a natural polyphenolic compound with a stilbene structure endowed with multiple health-promoting effects. Among phenolic compounds, resveratrol is assigned a leading role in the health-promoting effects of red wine. METHODS The aim of the study was to assess the effect of resveratrol on the cardiovascular system in the experimental and clinical studies conducted so far. Moreover, the paper discusses the results of the most recent meta-analyses assessing resveratrol's therapeutic effect on the cardiovascular system in humans. RESULTS In animal and preclinical studies, resveratrol has demonstrated a wide physiological and biochemical spectrum of activity, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, and anticoagulant activities, which translated into its health-promoting effects on the cardiovascular system. The performed meta-analyses allow to confirm such an impact, however, after the assessment with the use of the SYRCLE's tool, these studies are burdened with a high risk of bias, and the results are not clearly presented. CONCLUSION Despite numerous articles and clinical studies, the convincing beneficial mechanisms of resveratrol as well as its health-promoting effects in cardiovascular diseases have not been clearly confirmed in humans. Therefore, there is a need for further clinical studies, especially randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials to objectively confirm the possible health-promoting effects of this substance and to determine both the efficacy and safety, and possible therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Chudzińska
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 3 Dębowa Street, 85-626, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Daniel Rogowicz
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 75 Ujejskiego Street, 85-168, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Wołowiec
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 75 Ujejskiego Street, 85-168, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Joanna Banach
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 75 Ujejskiego Street, 85-168, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Sławomir Sielski
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 75 Ujejskiego Street, 85-168, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Robert Bujak
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 75 Ujejskiego Street, 85-168, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Sinkiewicz
- Department of Phoniatrics and Audiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 75 Ujejskiego Street, 85-168, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Grześk
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 75 Ujejskiego Street, 85-168, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Goktas Z, Zu Y, Abbasi M, Galyean S, Wu D, Fan Z, Wang S. Recent Advances in Nanoencapsulation of Phytochemicals to Combat Obesity and Its Comorbidities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:8119-8131. [PMID: 32633507 PMCID: PMC8507418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
An increasing epidemic of obesity has become a serious public health concern primarily because it contributes to pathogenesis of many chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hepatobiliary disease, obstructive sleep apnea, kidney disease, some types of cancer, among others. Consumption of a variety of phytochemicals has emerged as a promising potential for combating obesity and its comorbidities. However, the generally low aqueous solubility, stability, bioavailability, and target specificity of phytochemicals, along with their side-effects and toxicity seen when used at high doses, have restricted their clinical applications. As a solution, phytochemicals can be encapsulated into nanoparticles to increase their stability and solubility, enhance their bioavailability, protect them from premature degradation in the body, prolong their circulation time, and thus enhance their antiobesity activity. In this perspective, we summarize the problems and limitations of the prominent phytochemicals (epigallocatechin gallate, trans-resveratrol, curcumin, and quercetin), the major biocompatible and biodegradable nanoparticles, and the efficacy of nanoencapsulated forms of these phytochemicals in combating obesity and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Goktas
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yujiao Zu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Mehrnaz Abbasi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Shannon Galyean
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Dayong Wu
- Nutrition Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States
| | - Zhaoyang Fan
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Nano Tech Center, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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Zhou N, Gu X, Zhuang T, Xu Y, Yang L, Zhou M. Gut Microbiota: A Pivotal Hub for Polyphenols as Antidepressants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6007-6020. [PMID: 32394713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols, present in a broad range of plants, have been thought to be responsible for many beneficial health effects, such as an antidepressant. Despite that polyphenols can be absorbed in the small intestine directly, most of them have low bioavailability and reach the large intestine without any modifications due to their complex structures. The interaction between microbial communities and polyphenols in the intestine is important for the latter to exert antidepressant effects. Gut microbiota can improve the bioavailability of polyphenols; in turn, polyphenols can maintain the intestinal barrier as well as the community of the gut microbiota in normal status. Furthermore, gut microbita catabolize polyphenols to more active, better-absorbed metabolites, further ameliorating depression through the microbial-gut-brain (MGB) axis. Based on this evidence, the review illustrates the potential role of gut microbiota in the processes of polyphenols or their metabolites acting as antidepressants and further envisions the gut microbiota as therapeutic targets for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Zhou
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinyi Gu
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tongxi Zhuang
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Yang
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Center for Chinese Medicine Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Sorrenti V, Fortinguerra S, Caudullo G, Buriani A. Deciphering the Role of Polyphenols in Sports Performance: From Nutritional Genomics to the Gut Microbiota toward Phytonutritional Epigenomics. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051265. [PMID: 32365576 PMCID: PMC7281972 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The individual response to nutrients and non-nutrient molecules can be largely affected by three important biological layers. The gut microbiome can alter the bioavailability of nutrients and other substances, the genome can influence molecule kinetics and dynamics, while the epigenome can modulate or amplify the properties of the genome. Today the use of omic techniques and bioinformatics, allow the construction of individual multilayer networks and thus the identification of personalized strategies that have recently been considered in all medical fields, including sports medicine. The composition of each athlete’s microbiome influences sports performance both directly by acting on energy metabolism and indirectly through the modulation of nutrient or non-nutrient molecule availability that ultimately affects the individual epigenome and the genome. Among non-nutrient molecules polyphenols can potentiate physical performances through different epigenetic mechanisms. Polyphenols interact with the gut microbiota, undergoing extensive metabolism to produce bioactive molecules, which act on transcription factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, antioxidant systems, glucose and lipid homeostasis, and DNA repair. This review focuses on polyphenols effects in sports performance considering the individual microbiota, epigenomic asset, and the genomic characteristics of athletes to understand how their supplementation could potentially help to modulate muscle inflammation and improve recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Bendessere™ Study Center, Solgar Italia Multinutrient S.p.A., 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.F.); (G.C.); (A.B.)
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefano Fortinguerra
- Bendessere™ Study Center, Solgar Italia Multinutrient S.p.A., 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.F.); (G.C.); (A.B.)
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Giada Caudullo
- Bendessere™ Study Center, Solgar Italia Multinutrient S.p.A., 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.F.); (G.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessandro Buriani
- Bendessere™ Study Center, Solgar Italia Multinutrient S.p.A., 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.F.); (G.C.); (A.B.)
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy
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Bao N, Chen F, Dai D. The Regulation of Host Intestinal Microbiota by Polyphenols in the Development and Prevention of Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 10:2981. [PMID: 31969882 PMCID: PMC6960133 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are essential antioxidants in our regular diet, and have shown potential antibacterial effects. Other important biological effects, such as anticancer or antibacterial activities, have been demonstrated by some polyphenols. In recent years, the benefits of polyphenols to human health have attracted increasing attention from the scientific community. Recent studies have shown that polyphenols such as anthocyanin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, and resveratrol can inhibit pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella to help regulate intestinal microflora. An imbalance of intestinal microflora and the destruction of intestinal barrier function have been found to have a potential relationship with the occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Specifically, they can aberrantly trigger the immune system to cause inflammation, increase the production of uremic toxins, and further worsen the condition of CKD. Therefore, the maintenance of intestinal microflora and the intestinal tract in a stable and healthy state may be able to "immunize" patients against CKD, and treat pre-existing disease. The use of common antibiotics may lead to drug resistance in pathogens, and thus beneficial polyphenols may be suitable natural substitutes for antibiotics. Herein we review the ability of different polyphenols, such as anthocyanin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, and resveratrol, to regulate intestinal microorganisms, inhibit pathogenic bacteria, and improve inflammation. In addition, we review the ability of different polyphenols to reduce kidney injury, as described in recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naren Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fangjie Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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