1
|
Alsharairi NA. Diagnostic Biomarkers of Microvascular Complications in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus-An Updated Review. Pediatr Rep 2024; 16:763-778. [PMID: 39311327 PMCID: PMC11417801 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric16030064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is regarded as the most chronic autoimmune disease affecting children and adolescents that results from a destruction of pancreatic β-cell and leads to insulin insufficiency and persistent hyperglycemia (HG). Children and adolescents with T1DM are at an increased risk of developing microvascular complications, including diabetic nephropathy (DNE), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and diabetic neuropathy (DNU). The risk factors and prevalence of these complications differ greatly in pediatric studies. Screening for T1DM microvascular complications undergoes different stages and it is recommended to identify early symptoms and clinical signs. The identification of biomarkers in T1DM microvascular complications is needed to provide optimal treatment. Despite several studies on early biomarkers for DNE in children, the potential biomarkers for predicting DR and DNU have not been completely illustrated. This review fills this gap by identifying biomarkers of T1DM microvascular complications in children and adolescents through searches in the PubMed/Medline database.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naser A Alsharairi
- Heart, Mind and Body Research Group, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Köse S, Geçkil E, Sabetsarvestani R, Bolat S. Examining the interplay of self-efficacy and emotional autonomy on diabetic control index. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 78:60-65. [PMID: 38875849 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to explore the relationship between self-efficacy, emotional autonomy, and diabetic control index in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. METHODS From January to September 2023, this cross-sectional study involved 112 adolescents aged 14-18 with type 1 diabetes who were seeking medical check-ups at the Medical Faculty Hospital in Konya, Turkey. Data collection included demographic information, the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale for Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes, the Emotional Autonomy Scale, and diabetic control index values based on their most recent Hemoglobin A1c levels measurement. Data analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software, with statistical significance set at a p-value <0.05. RESULTS The results showed a good overall self-efficacy score, indicating a balanced level of confidence in diabetes management. The emotional autonomy findings revealed a moderate level of independence, emphasizing a healthy process of differentiation from parents while acknowledging them as individuals. The ability of adolescents to openly discuss their diabetes may be associated with more favorable glycemic outcomes. However, high emotional autonomy was significantly associated with high Hemoglobin A1c levels. CONCLUSION This study highlights positive outcomes in adolescent diabetes management, with strong self-efficacy and balanced emotional autonomy. Open communication about diabetes correlates with favorable glycemic outcomes, but caution is necessary as high emotional autonomy is linked to elevated Hemoglobin A1c levels. The importance of receiving parental support in managing diabetes, especially in adolescents with high emotional autonomy should be highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Semra Köse
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Nursing, Konya, Turkey
| | - Emine Geçkil
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Nursing, Konya, Turkey.
| | | | - Serpil Bolat
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Nursing, Konya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Čugalj Kern B, Kovač J, Šket R, Tesovnik T, Jenko Bizjan B, Galhardo J, Battelino T, Bratina N, Dovč K. Exploring early DNA methylation alterations in type 1 diabetes: implications of glycemic control. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1416433. [PMID: 38904047 PMCID: PMC11188314 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1416433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Prolonged hyperglycemia causes diabetes-related micro- and macrovascular complications, which combined represent a significant burden for individuals living with diabetes. The growing scope of evidence indicates that hyperglycemia affects the development of vascular complications through DNA methylation. Methods A genome-wide differential DNA methylation analysis was performed on pooled peripheral blood DNA samples from individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) with direct DNA sequencing. Strict selection criteria were used to ensure two age- and sex-matched groups with no clinical signs of chronic complications according to persistent mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values over 5 years: HbA1c<7% (N=10) and HbA1c>8% (N=10). Results Between the two groups, 8385 differentially methylated CpG sites, annotated to 1802 genes, were identified. Genes annotated to hypomethylated CpG sites were enriched in 48 signaling pathways. Further analysis of key CpG sites revealed four specific regions, two of which were hypermethylated and two hypomethylated, associated with long non-coding RNA and processed pseudogenes. Conclusions Prolonged hyperglycemia in individuals with T1D, who have no clinical manifestation of diabetes-related complications, is associated with multiple differentially methylated CpG sites in crucial genes and pathways known to be linked to chronic complications in T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Čugalj Kern
- University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Kovač
- University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Šket
- University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tine Tesovnik
- University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Jenko Bizjan
- University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Julia Galhardo
- Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Hospital de Dona Estefânia - Central Lisbon University Hospital Center, Lisbon, Portugal
- Lisbon Academic and Clinical Center, NOVA Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tadej Battelino
- University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Bratina
- University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Klemen Dovč
- University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chauhan S, Jhawat V, Singh RP, Yadav A. Topical delivery of insulin using novel organogel formulations: An approach for the management of diabetic wounds. Burns 2024; 50:1068-1082. [PMID: 38350788 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a growing chronic form of diabetes, with lengthy health implications. It is predicted as poor diabetic wound recovery affects roughly 25% of all diabetes mellitus patients, frequently resulting in lower traumatic injury and severe external factors and emotional expenses. The insulin-resistant condition increases biofilm development, making diabetic wounds harder to treat. Nowadays, medical treatment and management of diabetic wounds, which have a significant amputation rate, a high-frequency rate, and a high death rate, have become a global concern. Topical formulations have played a significant part in diabetic wound management and have been developed to achieve a number of features. Because of its significant biocompatibility, moisture retention, and therapeutic qualities, topical insulin has emerged as an appealing and feasible wound healing process effector. With a greater comprehension of the etiology of diabetic wounds, numerous functionalized topical insulins have been described and shown good outcomes in recent years, which has improved some diabetic injuries. The healing of wounds is a physiological phenomenon that restores skin integrity and heals damaged tissues. Insulin, a powerful wound-healing factor, is also used in several experimental and clinical studies accelerate healing of diverse injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Medical and Allied Science, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Vikas Jhawat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Medical and Allied Science, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, Haryana, India.
| | - Rahul Pratap Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Medical and Allied Science, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Abhishek Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Medical and Allied Science, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Saki H, Nazem F, Fariba F, Sheikhsharbafan R. A High intensity Interval training (running and swimming) and resistance training intervention on heart rate variability and the selected biochemical factors in boys with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 204:110915. [PMID: 37742805 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of High Intensity Interval Training and Resistance training (HIITR) on heart rate variability (HRV), blood glucose, and plasma biomarkers levels in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS 24 boys with T1D (FBS: 274.66 ± 52.99, age: 15.2 ± 1.78 years, and BMI = 19.61 ± 1.11) and 12 healthy boys (FBS: 92.75 ± 5.22, age: 15.08 ± 1.67 years, and BMI = 20.26 ± 2.66) were divided into three groups: Diabetes Training (DT, n = 12), Diabetes Control (DC, n = 12), and Healthy Control (HC, n = 12). HRV (24 h) was computed in time and frequency domains, anthropometric, biochemical parameters at rest, and aerobic capacity (VO2peak) obtained during a graded exercise testing (GXT). All variables were evaluated at the baseline and following 12 weeks of exercise training, done 3 days weekly. The statistical method used for data analysis was analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test. RESULTS HRV, Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and Fasting blood sugar (FBS), VO2peak, norepinephrine (NEP), and HDL-C indicated significant differences between both T1D groups compared to HC at baseline (p < 0.001). BMI, LDL-C, TC, and TG parameters were similar in all groups. HRV parameters, VO2peak and HDL-C, and NEP were significantly improved by exercise training, and HbA1c and FBS levels were significantly reduced (p < 0.001). There is a negative and significant correlation between LF/HF Ratio Difference (post-test minus pre-test) and VO2Peak Difference variables (post-test minus pre-test) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests the importance of early screening for CVD risk factors in adolescent males with T1D. Also, it was revealed HIITR training compared to other training patterns, and cardiovascular health improves via enhancement of autonomic modulation, VO2peak, plasma lipids, and catecholamine levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Saki
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Sports Science Faculty, Hamadan Bu Ali Sina University, Iran
| | - Farzad Nazem
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Sports Science Faculty, Hamadan Bu Ali Sina University, Iran.
| | - Farnaz Fariba
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Reza Sheikhsharbafan
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rasmussen VF, Thrysøe M, Nyengaard JR, Tankisi H, Karlsson P, Hansen J, Krogh K, Brock C, Kamperis K, Madsen M, Singer W, Vestergaard ET, Kristensen K, Terkelsen AJ. Neuropathy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Confirmatory diagnostic tests, bedside tests, and risk factors. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023; 201:110736. [PMID: 37276985 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To estimate the prevalence of large fiber (LFN), small fiber (SFN), and autonomic neuropathy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes using confirmatory tests known from adults and to identify risk factors and bedside methods for neuropathy. METHODS Sixty adolescents with type 1 diabetes (diabetes duration > five years) and 23 control subjects underwent neurological examination and confirmatory diagnostic tests for neuropathy, including nerve conduction studies, skin biopsies determining intraepidermal nerve fiber density, quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test (QSART), cardiovascular reflex tests (CARTs), and tilt table test. Possible risk factors were analyzed. Bedside tests (biothesiometry, DPNCheck®, Sudoscan, and Vagus®device) were compared with the confirmatory tests using ROC analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of neuropathies in the adolescents with diabetes (mean HbA1c 7.6% (60 mmol/mol)) was as follows: 14% confirmed/26% subclinical LFN, 2% confirmed/25% subclinical SFN, 20% abnormal QSART, 8% abnormal CARTs, and 14% orthostatic hypotension. Higher age, higher insulin dose, previous smoking, and higher triglycerides level were found to increase the relative risk for neuropathy. The bedside tests showed poor to acceptable concordance with the confirmatory tests (all, AUC ≤ 0.75). CONCLUSIONS The diagnostic tests confirmed the presence of neuropathy in adolescents with diabetes and underscore the importance of prevention and screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinni Faber Rasmussen
- Danish Pain Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark.
| | - Mathilde Thrysøe
- Danish Pain Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Randel Nyengaard
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hatice Tankisi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Páll Karlsson
- Danish Pain Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Core Centre for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - John Hansen
- Institute of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Klaus Krogh
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christina Brock
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Konstantinos Kamperis
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Mette Madsen
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Esben Thyssen Vestergaard
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Kurt Kristensen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Astrid Juhl Terkelsen
- Danish Pain Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Early Gastrointestinal Neuropathy Assessed by Wireless Motility Capsules in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051925. [PMID: 36902712 PMCID: PMC10003990 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the prevalence of objective signs of gastrointestinal (GI) autonomic neuropathy (AN) in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). In addition, to investigate associations between objective GI findings and self-reported symptoms or other findings of AN. METHODS Fifty adolescents with T1D and 20 healthy adolescents were examined with a wireless motility capsule to assess the total and regional GI transit times and motility index. GI symptoms were evaluated with the GI Symptom Rating Scale questionnaire. AN was evaluated with cardiovascular and quantitative sudomotor axon reflex tests. RESULTS There was no difference in GI transit times in adolescents with T1D and healthy controls. Adolescents with T1D had a higher colonic motility index and peak pressure than the controls, and GI symptoms were associated with low gastric and colonic motility index (all p < 0.05). Abnormal gastric motility was associated with the duration of T1D, while a low colonic motility index was inversely associated with "time in target range" for blood glucose (all p < 0.01). No associations were found between signs of GI neuropathy and other measures of AN. CONCLUSIONS Objective signs of GI neuropathy are common in adolescents with T1D and it seems to require early interventions in patients at high risk of developing GI neuropathy.
Collapse
|
8
|
Sherif EM, Matter RM, Salah NY, Abozeid NEH, Atif HM, Tantawy NM. Changes in early optical coherence tomography angiography among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Relation to fibroblast growth factor 21. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2023; 39:e3598. [PMID: 36494875 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Current diagnostic and treatment modalities target late stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) when retinopathy has already been established. Novel and more sensitive strategies are needed. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) permits non-invasive visualisation of retinal microcirculation. Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) plays an important role in glucose and lipid homoeostasis. This study assesses early OCTA changes among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) compared to fundus photography and correlates them to diabetes-duration, glycaemic control, and FGF21; hence, it determines their value in early detection of DR. METHODOLOGY Hundred children and adolescents with T1DM were assessed for diabetes-duration, insulin therapy, hypoglycemia, and diabetic-ketoacidosis frequency, Tanner staging, glycated-haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting lipids, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, and serum FGF21. OCTA and fundus photography were done for the studied patients and 100 age, gender, and Tanner matched healthy controls. RESULTS The mean age of the children and adolescents with T1DM was 10.84 years, their mean diabetes-duration was 3.27 years and their median FGF21 was 150 pg/ml. FGF21 was significantly higher among children and adolescents with T1DM than controls (p < 0.001). Children and adolescents with T1DM had a significantly larger foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and lower peripapillary and inside-disc capillary densities (p < 0.05); with no significant fundus photography difference (p = 0.155) than controls. FAZ was positively correlated and peripapillary and inside-disc capillary densities were negatively correlated with diabetes-duration, HbA1c, FGF21, and Tanner stage. FGF21 was significantly higher in T1DM children and adolescents having OCTA changes compared to those with normal OCTA (p = 0.002). Multivariate-regression revealed that FAZ is independently associated with diabetes-duration, HbA1c and FGF21. CONCLUSIONS OCTA changes start early in children and adolescents with T1DM long before the fundus changes. These changes are correlated with diabetes-duration, puberty, glycaemic, and FGF21.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Sherif
- Pediatrics and Adolescents Diabetes Unit, Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Randa M Matter
- Pediatrics and Adolescents Diabetes Unit, Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nouran Yousef Salah
- Pediatrics and Adolescents Diabetes Unit, Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nour Eldin H Abozeid
- Opthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba M Atif
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermien M Tantawy
- Pediatrics and Adolescents Diabetes Unit, Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ock J, Suh JK, Hong SS, Kang JH, Yin GN, Ryu JK. IGFBP5 antisense and short hairpin RNA (shRNA) constructs improve erectile function by inducing cavernosum angiogenesis in diabetic mice. Andrology 2023; 11:358-371. [PMID: 35866351 PMCID: PMC10087557 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of diabetic erectile dysfunction (ED) is rapidly increasing, and due to the severe angiopathy caused by diabetes, current drugs are ineffective at treating ED. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) promotes cell death and induces apoptosis in various cell types. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of IGFBP5 knockdown in improving erectile function in diabetic mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetes was induced by injecting streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneally into male 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice. Eight weeks after diabetes induction, mice were divided into four groups: a nondiabetic control group and three STZ-induced diabetic mice groups, which were administered intracavernous injections of phosphate buffered saline, scrambled control shRNA, or shRNA targeting mouse IGFBP5 (shIGFBP5) lentivirus particles. Two weeks later, we measured erectile function by electrically stimulating the bilateral cavernous nerve. To mimic diabetic angiopathy, primary cavernous endothelial cells (MCECs) from healthy mice were cultured and treated with glucose. RESULTS IGFBP5 expression in MCECs or cavernous tissues were significantly increased under diabetic conditions, and knockdown of IGFBP5 induced MCECs angiogenic activity under high-glucose conditions. STZ-induced diabetic mice had reduced erectile function, but shIGFBP5 treatment resulted in significant improvements (to 90% of the nondiabetic control group level). Furthermore, in diabetic mice, numbers of cavernous endothelial cells, pericytes, and neuronal cells were increased by shIGFBP5 treatment, which also increased eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation, decreased permeability and apoptosis of cavernous endothelial cells. In addition, IGFBP5 was found to mediate the AKT, ERK, p38 signaling pathways. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Knockdown of IGFBP5 improved erectile function in diabetic mice by promoting cell proliferation and reducing apoptosis and permeability. Local inhibition of IGFBP5 expression may provide a new treatment strategy for diabetic ED and other ischemic vascular or neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Ock
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Kyu Suh
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Sun Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, and Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- Department of Pharmacology and Medicinal Toxicology Research Center, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Guo Nan Yin
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Kan Ryu
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tantawy NM, Sherif EM, Matter RM, Salah NY, Abozeid NEH, Atif HM. Assessment of fibroblast growth factor 21 in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in relation to microvascular complications. Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2023; 29:64-74. [PMID: 37728457 PMCID: PMC10411091 DOI: 10.5114/pedm.2022.121372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) represents a growing global health problem with significant morbidity. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an adipokine expressed predominantly in the liver that plays an important role in metabolic regulation. AIM OF THE STUDY This study assesses FGF21 levels in children with DM1, in comparison to controls, and correlates them with diabetes duration, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and diabetic microvascular complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty children with DM1, aged between 5 and 16 years, were studied regarding their diabetes duration, HbA1c, urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), fundus, and FGF21 level. They were compared to 50 healthy controls. RESULTS The median FGF21 of the studied children with DM1 was 150 pg/ml, range 50-350 pg/ml; while that of the controls was 35 pg/ml, range 20-50 pg/ml. FGF21 level was significantly higher in children with DM1 than in controls ( p < 0.001). Moreover, it was significantly and positively correlated with diabetes duration, mean blood glucose level, and HbA1c ( p < 0.001, p = 0.015, p = 0.018, respectively). Interestingly, the FGF21 level was not significantly elevated in children with DM1 having diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy ( p = 0.122, p = 0.298, respectively). CONCLUSIONS FGF21 is significantly higher among children with DM1 than in controls. However, its role in diabetic microvascular complica-tions needs further assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nermien M. Tantawy
- Paediatrics Department, Paediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman M. Sherif
- Paediatrics Department, Paediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Randa M. Matter
- Paediatrics Department, Paediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nouran Y. Salah
- Paediatrics Department, Paediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Heba M. Atif
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hu Y, Xiong Y, Tao R, Xue H, Chen L, Lin Z, Panayi AC, Mi B, Liu G. Advances and perspective on animal models and hydrogel biomaterials for diabetic wound healing. BIOMATERIALS TRANSLATIONAL 2022; 3:188-200. [PMID: 36654776 PMCID: PMC9840091 DOI: 10.12336/biomatertransl.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic wounds are a common complication in diabetes patients. Due to peripheral nerve damage and vascular dysfunction, diabetic wounds are prone to progress to local ulcers, wound gangrene and even to require amputation, bringing huge psychological and economic burdens to patients. However, the current treatment methods for diabetic wounds mainly include wound accessories, negative pressure drainage, skin grafting and surgery; there is still no ideal treatment to promote diabetic wound healing at present. Appropriate animal models can simulate the physiological mechanism of diabetic wounds, providing a basis for translational research in treating diabetic wound healing. Although there are no animal models that can fully mimic the pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetic wounds in humans, it is vital to explore animal simulation models used in basic research and preclinical studies of diabetic wounds. In addition, hydrogel materials are regarded as a promising treatment for diabetic wounds because of their good antimicrobial activity, biocompatibility, biodegradation and appropriate mechanical properties. Herein, we review and discuss the different animal models used to investigate the pathological mechanisms of diabetic wounds. We further discuss the promising future application of hydrogel biomaterials in diabetic wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ranyang Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hang Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ze Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Adriana C. Panayi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bobin Mi
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China,Corresponding authors: Bobin Mi, ; Guohui Liu,
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China,Corresponding authors: Bobin Mi, ; Guohui Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xu W, Jiang H, Liu J, Li H. Non-Coding RNAs: New Dawn for Diabetes Mellitus Induced Erectile Dysfunction. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:888624. [PMID: 35813828 PMCID: PMC9257010 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.888624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common sexual dysfunction in males, with multifactorial alterations which consist of psychological and organic. Diabetes mellitus (DM) induced erectile dysfunction (DMED) is a disconcerting and critical complication of DM, and remarkably different from non-diabetic ED. The response rate of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i), a milestone for ED therapy, is far from satisfactory in DMED. Unfortunately, the contributing mechanisms of DMED remains vague. Hence, It is urgent to seek for novel prospective biomarkers or targets of DMED. Numerous studies have proved that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play essential roles in the pathogenesis process of DM, which comprise of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) like microRNAs (miRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs). However, the implications of ncRNAs in DMED are still understudied. This review highlights the pathophysiology of DMED, summarizes identified mechanisms of ncRNAs associated with DMED and covers the topic of perspectives for ncRNAs in DMED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Xu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyang Jiang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jihong Liu, ; Hao Li,
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jihong Liu, ; Hao Li,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Aggarwal A, Pathak S, Goyal R. Clinical and economic outcomes of continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) in patients with diabetes mellitus: A systematic literature review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 186:109825. [PMID: 35278520 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Poor glycemic management increases the risk of cardiac, microvascular, and other complications. Therefore, timely assessment and control of glycemic levels is paramount in diabetes. Recent advancements in automated management methods is the use of a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS). The objective was to study its clinical and economic impact in the glucose level monitoring and how it can be effectively used or reimbursed for wider population. METHODS Comprehensive search was done using multiple databases to capture relevant and most recent evidence. All steps were conducted by two independent researchers and discrepancies resolved by a third reviewer. Quality appraisal was performed by relevant scale depending on study design. RESULTS Twenty-six and 12 studies were included for clinical and economic outcomes, respectively. Clinical outcomes like HbA1c and glucose variation, time in range, accuracy, etc. were captured. Comparison of different CGMS types was also reported. Major economic outcomes were direct cost, healthcare resource utilization, and work absenteeism. CONCLUSIONS CGMS in patients with diabetes is associated with a valuable clinical implications in reducing hypoglycemic events, glucose and HbA1c level. Additionally, it has an impact on direct and indirect costs of management. Further, quantitative analysis would be required to produce concrete evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Aggarwal
- Real-World Insights, Global Scientific Affairs, IQVIA, Novus Tower, Sec-18, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.
| | - Smit Pathak
- Real-World Insights, Global Scientific Affairs, IQVIA, Novus Tower, Sec-18, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Richa Goyal
- Real-World Insights, Global Scientific Affairs, IQVIA, Novus Tower, Sec-18, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hao W, Li N, Mi C, Wang Q, Yu Y. Salidroside attenuates cardiac dysfunction in a rat model of diabetes. Diabet Med 2022; 39:e14683. [PMID: 34467560 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of salidroside on diabetes-induced cardiovascular disease. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 65 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) on a daily basis were used to establish the diabetic rat model (blood glucose levels >13.9 mmol/L). Cardiac functions of diabetic rats were evaluated by their haemodynamic alterations. Western blot assay was performed to evaluate the protein levels of multiple signalling pathway factors. Quantitative real-time PCR assay was performed to investigate the inflammation and oxidative stress of diabetic rats. RESULTS Salidroside treatment improved the cardiac functions of diabetic rats. In addition, salidroside therapy attenuated the cardiac oxidative stress induced by diabetes. Salidroside inhibited the diabetes-induced inflammation in diabetic rat hearts. The apoptosis of cardiomyocytes was also alleviated by the treatment of salidroside. Salidroside also upregulated the phosphorylation levels of AMPK, ACC, TSC2 and RAPTOR. CONCLUSION Salidroside exerts protective effects against diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction by modulating the mTOR and AMPK signalling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Hao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
| | - Caifeng Mi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang Z, Hou Y, Huang Y, Ju F, Liang Z, Li S. Clinical efficacy and safety of electro-acupuncture combined with beraprost sodium and α-lipoic acid for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:612-622. [PMID: 35173879 PMCID: PMC8829597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenic triggers of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) mainly include ischemia and hypoxic factors. The combined use of Chinese and Western medicine may be a new perspective for the treatment of DPN. Accordingly, this study explores the clinical efficacy and safety of electro-acupuncture (EA) combined with beraprost sodium (BPS) and α-lipoic acid (α-LA) in the treatment of patients with DPN. METHODS A total of 184 patients with DPN meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled and divided into electric-acupuncture group (n=54), medication group (n=62) and combination group (n=68), which were treated by EA, BPS+α-LA, and EA+BPS+α-LA, respectively. The three groups were compared with respect to the following factors: clinical efficacy; motor conduction velocities (MCVs) of nervus medianus, nervus peroneus communis and tibial nerve and sensory conduction velocities (SCVs) of nervus medianus, sural nerve and ulnar nerve before and after treatment; the Toronto Clinical Scoring System (TCSS), total symptom score (TSS) and Michigan Diabetes Neuropathy Score (MDNS) before and after treatment; changes of serum homocysteine and cysteine (Cys) levels, oxidative stress indicators and inflammatory factors; incidence of adverse reactions. RESULTS The overall response rate of the combination group was higher than that of the electric acupuncture group or the medication group. After treatment, the SCV of nervus medianus, sural nerve and ulnar nerve and the MCV of nervus medianus, nervus peroneus communis and tibial nerve were the highest in the combination group among the three groups (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of TCSS, TSS and MDNS in the combination group was notably lower than those in the medication group and the electric acupuncture group (P<0.05). The amelioration of inflammatory factors in the combination group were the best among the three groups (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was lower in the combination group compared with the electric acupuncture group and the medication group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION EA combined with BPS and α-LA is effective in the treatment of DPN, which can effectively reduce the levels of serum inflammatory factors in patients, with a lower complication rate and higher safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhai Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityHaikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yixiang Hou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityHaikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yalian Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityHaikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Feng Ju
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityHaikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Zunxiao Liang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityHaikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
| | - Songting Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityHaikou 570311, Hainan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Salah NY, Radwan N, Atif HM. Leukocytic dysregulation in children with type 1 diabetes: relation to diabetic vascular complications. Diabetol Int 2022; 13:538-547. [PMID: 35693992 PMCID: PMC9174407 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-021-00568-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Growing evidences highlight the role of the innate immune response in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) vascular complications. Neutrophil lymphocytic ratio (NLR) and platelet lymphocytic ratio (PLR) are inexpensive but novel markers of chronic inflammation might have prognostic value in children with T1D. Aim To study NLR and PLR levels in children with T1D in comparison to matched controls and correlate them with fraction-C of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and micro-vascular complications. Methodology Hundred children with T1D were compared to 100 matched healthy controls. History included diabetes duration, insulin dose and frequency of hypoglycemic attacks. Fundus examination and the simple rapid neuropathy disability score were done. HbA1C, fasting lipids, urinary albumin excretion and complete blood count were measured with assessment of NLR and PLR. Results NLR was significantly higher (p = 0.008) and PLR was significantly lower (p = 0.007) in children with T1D than controls. NLR was positively correlated while PLR was negatively correlated with HbA1C, diabetes duration, fasting cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL. NLR was significantly higher (p < 0.001) and PLR was significantly lower (p = 0.005) in children with microvascular complications than those without. Moreover, multivariate logistic regression revealed that microvascular complications were independently associated with NLR (p = 0.013) and PLR (p = 0.004). Conclusion Children with T1D had significantly higher NLR and lower PLR compared to controls. These changes were more evident in those with diabetic microvascular complications than those without. Furthermore, NLR was positively correlated and PLR was negatively correlated to HbA1C, diabetes duration and hyperlipidemia. Hence, NLR and PLR can be a potential indicator for the risk of development of diabetic microvascular complications in children with T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nouran Yousef Salah
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Pediatrics Department, Pediatric and Adolescents Diabetes Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nesrine Radwan
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Pediatrics Department, Allergy and Immunology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Mohamed Atif
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Loaeza-Reyes KJ, Zenteno E, Moreno-Rodríguez A, Torres-Rosas R, Argueta-Figueroa L, Salinas-Marín R, Castillo-Real LM, Pina-Canseco S, Cervera YP. An Overview of Glycosylation and its Impact on Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:751637. [PMID: 34869586 PMCID: PMC8635159 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.751637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular system is a complex and well-organized system in which glycosylation plays a vital role. The heart and vascular wall cells are constituted by an array of specific receptors; most of them are N- glycosylated and mucin-type O-glycosylated. There are also intracellular signaling pathways regulated by different post-translational modifications, including O-GlcNAcylation, which promote adequate responses to extracellular stimuli and signaling transduction. Herein, we provide an overview of N-glycosylation and O-glycosylation, including O-GlcNAcylation, and their role at different levels such as reception of signal, signal transduction, and exogenous molecules or agonists, which stimulate the heart and vascular wall cells with effects in different conditions, like the physiological status, ischemia/reperfusion, exercise, or during low-grade inflammation in diabetes and aging. Furthermore, mutations of glycosyltransferases and receptors are associated with development of cardiovascular diseases. The knowledge on glycosylation and its effects could be considered biochemical markers and might be useful as a therapeutic tool to control cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Julissa Loaeza-Reyes
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina-UNAM-UABJO, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Rafael Torres-Rosas
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Liliana Argueta-Figueroa
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico.,Conacyt - Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Roberta Salinas-Marín
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Lizet Monserrat Castillo-Real
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Socorro Pina-Canseco
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina-UNAM-UABJO, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Yobana Pérez Cervera
- Centro de Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina-UNAM-UABJO, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Graves LE, Pryke AF, Cho YH, Cusumano JM, Craig ME, Liew G, Donaghue KC. Sight-threatening retinopathy in nine adolescents with early onset type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2021; 22:1129-1134. [PMID: 34536254 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In adults, there has been a decline in the incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) associated with improvements in diabetes management. Data on incident severe DR in adolescents are sparse. In our established diabetes complications assessment service, we recorded nine cases of sight-threatening retinopathy in youth aged 15-17.9 years from 2017 to 2021. Proliferative retinopathy and clinically significant macular oedema were identified. The subjects were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before the age of 10 years and had a history of poor glycaemic control (HbA1c 86-130 mmol/mol, 10%-15%). Five cases of retinopathy developed rapidly within 2.5 years of a previously normal retinal examination on seven-field stereoscopic retinal photography. Three adolescents required laser photocoagulation therapy. Two adolescents were diagnosed with retinopathy following improvement in diabetes control after being lost to medical follow-up and their retinopathy improved with improved glycaemic control. Thus, we support repeated retinal screening in adolescents with diabetes duration >10 years with suboptimal glycaemic control, even when initial retinal examination is normal, as retinopathy can progress rapidly during adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara E Graves
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Alison F Pryke
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Yoon Hi Cho
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Janine M Cusumano
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Maria E Craig
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gerald Liew
- Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Kim C Donaghue
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia.,Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|