1
|
Buchan C, Gilroy JJ, Catry I, Hewson CM, Atkinson PW, Franco AMA. Combining remote sensing and tracking data to quantify species' cumulative exposure to anthropogenic change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:6679-6692. [PMID: 37812027 PMCID: PMC10946810 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Identifying when and where organisms are exposed to anthropogenic change is crucial for diagnosing the drivers of biodiversity declines and implementing effective conservation measures. Accurately measuring individual-scale exposure to anthropogenic impacts across the annual cycle as they move across continents requires an approach that is both spatially and temporally explicit-now achievable through recent parallel advances in remote-sensing and individual tracking technologies. We combined 10 years of tracking data for a long-distance migrant, (common cuckoo, Cuculus canorus), with multi-dimensional remote-sensed spatial datasets encompassing thirteen relevant anthropogenic impacts (including infrastructure, hunting, habitat change, and climate change), to quantify mean hourly and total accumulated exposure of tracked individuals to anthropogenic change across each stage of the annual cycle. Although mean hourly exposure to anthropogenic change was greatest in the breeding stage, accumulated exposure to changes associated with direct mortality risks (e.g., built infrastructure) and with climate were greatest during the wintering stage, which comprised 63% of the annual cycle on average for tracked individuals. Exposure to anthropogenic change varied considerably within and between migratory flyways, but there were no clear between-flyway differences in overall exposure during migration stages. However, more easterly autumn migratory routes were significantly associated with lower subsequent exposure to anthropogenic impacts in the winter stage. Cumulative change exposure was not significantly associated with recent local-scale population trends in the breeding range, possibly because cuckoos from shared breeding areas may follow divergent migration routes and therefore encounter very different risk landscapes. Our study highlights the potential for the integration of tracking data and high-resolution remote sensing to generate valuable and detailed new insights into the impacts of environmental change on wild species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Buchan
- School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | - James J. Gilroy
- School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | - Inês Catry
- School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório AssociadoUniversidade do PortoVairaoPortugal
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Instituto Superior de AgronomiaUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in GenomicsBiodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIOVairaoPortugal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rohwer VG, Hagler SJ, Van Doren BM, Fuentes M, Billerman SM. Lower survival of hybrid grosbeaks, but not towhees, suggests a molt divide disfavors hybrids. Evolution 2023; 77:1956-1966. [PMID: 37345673 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpad112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Although avian hybrid zones in the Great Plains have been studied for almost 70 years, we know surprisingly little about the fitness costs to hybrids that keep these zones narrow. We compare age ratios in grosbeaks (Pheucticus ludovicianus and P. melanocephalus) and towhees (Pipilo erythropthalums and P. maculatus), two species pairs that differ in their life histories and molt schedules, to evaluate survival between hybrids and parentals. We then contrast molt and migratory divides as possible sources of selection against hybrids. Hybrid grosbeaks had 27%-33% lower survival relative to their parentals, whereas hybrid towhees had survival rates similar to parentals. Age ratio data for hybrid grosbeaks suggest high mortality in older birds, as expected if selection operates after the first year of life. This pattern is consistent with parental species of grosbeaks having contrasting molt schedules relative to migration, suggesting high mortality costs to hybrids driven by molt biology, which are expressed later in life. Contrasts in molt schedules are absent in towhees. While migratory divides may exist for towhees and grosbeaks, the low adult survival of hybrid grosbeaks suggest that molt may be an important and underappreciated source of selection maintaining this and other narrow avian hybrid zones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanya G Rohwer
- Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Samantha J Hagler
- Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Benjamin M Van Doren
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Miguel Fuentes
- Manning College of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Piironen A, Laaksonen T. A gradual migratory divide determines not only the direction of migration but also migration strategy of a social migrant bird. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231528. [PMID: 37608717 PMCID: PMC10445028 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Migratory divides separate populations of migratory animals, facilitating the evolution of intraspecific differences in migration strategies. Migration strategies are expected to be different for birds using different flyways and environments, but the knowledge regarding the impact of the flyway on individual migration strategies is scarce. By using satellite tracking and neckband resightings, we reveal the existence and structure of a gradual migratory divide between two European flyway populations of greylag geese Anser anser. Birds breeding at the far end of the Gulf of Bothnia in the Baltic Sea coast use the Western Flyway, those breeding in the Gulf of Finland the Central Flyway and those breeding between these extremes scatter to the two flyways. By using Gaussian process modelling, we show that migration strategies differed between the flyways. The birds using the Western Flyway migrated earlier in autumn, performed longer annual migration and made a clear stopover during migration, whereas the birds using the Central Flyway flew directly to their wintering sites. The gradual migratory divide that also divides migration strategies provides insights into migratory divides on birds with learned migration. Distinct migration strategies in different flyways provide exciting possibilities to further study the factors driving migration strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antti Piironen
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Vesilinnantie 5, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Toni Laaksonen
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Vesilinnantie 5, 20500 Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Teitelbaum CS, Bachner NC, Hall RJ. Post‐migratory nonbreeding movements of birds: A review and case study. Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
|
5
|
Brlík V, Pakanen VM, Jaakkonen T, Arppe H, Jokinen J, Lakka J, Blomqvist D, Hahn S, Valkama J, Koivula K. Survival fluctuation is linked to precipitation variation during staging in a migratory shorebird. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19830. [PMID: 36400908 PMCID: PMC9674593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24141-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how weather conditions affect animal populations is essential to foresee population changes in times of global climate shifts. However, assessing year-round weather impacts on demographic parameters is hampered in migratory animals due to often unknown occurrence in space and time. We addressed this by coupling tracking and weather data to explain extensive variation in apparent survival across 19 years in a northern European population of little ringed plovers (Charadrius dubius). Over 90% (n = 21) of tracked individuals followed migration routes along the Indo-European flyway to south India. Building on capture-recapture histories of nearly 1400 individuals, we found that between-year variation in precipitation during post-breeding staging in northern South Asia explained 47% of variation in apparent adult survival. Overall, the intensity of the monsoon in South Asia explained 31-33% of variability in apparent survival. In contrast, weather conditions in breeding, final non-breeding and pre-breeding quarters appeared less important in this species. The integration of multi-source data seems essential for identifying key regions and periods limiting population growth, for forecasting future changes and targeting conservation efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vojtěch Brlík
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Ecology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic ,grid.448077.80000 0000 9663 9052Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Květná 8, 60365 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veli-Matti Pakanen
- grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland ,grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Tuomo Jaakkonen
- grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland ,grid.444812.f0000 0004 5936 4802Vietnam-Finland International School, Ton Duc Thang University, 01, D1 Street, District 7, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Jaakko Jokinen
- grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Lakka
- grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box-111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Donald Blomqvist
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 463, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Steffen Hahn
- grid.419767.a0000 0001 1512 3677Department of Bird Migration, Swiss Ornithological Institute, Seerose 1, 6204 Sempach, Switzerland
| | - Jari Valkama
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 17, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Koivula
- grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Morten JM, Burrell RA, Frayling TD, Hoodless AN, Thurston W, Hawkes LA. Variety in responses of wintering oystercatchers Haematopus ostralegus to near-collapse of their prey in the Exe Estuary, UK. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9526. [PMID: 36440309 PMCID: PMC9682212 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, habitat loss or degradation is a major threat to many species, and those with specific habitat requirements are particularly vulnerable. Many species of wading birds (Charadrii) are dependent upon intertidal sites to feed, but, as a result of anthropogenic pressures, the prey landscape has changed at many estuaries. Behavioral adaptations may be able to buffer these changes. In this study over multiple seasons, we aimed to investigate the foraging behaviors of wintering Eurasian oystercatchers in the Exe Estuary where mussel beds, the preferred prey at this site, have almost disappeared in the last decade. From 2018 to 2021, GPS tracking devices were deployed on 24 oystercatchers, and the foraging locations of adults, sub-adults, and juveniles were determined. Of the 12 birds tracked over multiple winter periods, 10 used the same foraging home ranges but a juvenile and sub-adult changed locations interannually. The dominant prey species at key foraging sites were assessed, and we found that younger birds were more likely to visit sites with lower quality prey, likely due to being at a competitive disadvantage, and also to explore sites further away. Individuals were generally consistent in the areas of the estuary used in early and late winter, and over 90% of locations were recorded in the protected area boundary, which covers the sand and mudflats of the Exe. These findings suggest high specificity of the current protected area for oystercatchers in the Exe Estuary, although, if the prey landscape continues to decline, younger individuals may provide the potential for adaptation by finding and foraging at additional sites. Continued monitoring of individual behavior within populations that are facing dramatic changes to their prey is essential to understand how they may adapt and to develop suitable management plans to conserve threatened species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M. Morten
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Exeter, Hatherly LaboratoriesExeterUK
| | - Ryan A. Burrell
- Game and Wildlife Conservation TrustHampshireUK
- Devon & Cornwall Wader Ringing GroupIlfracombeUK
| | - Tim D. Frayling
- Devon & Cornwall Wader Ringing GroupIlfracombeUK
- Natural England, Sterling House, Dix's FieldExeterUK
| | | | | | - Lucy A. Hawkes
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Exeter, Hatherly LaboratoriesExeterUK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Méndez V, Alves JA, Gill JA, Þórisson B, Carneiro C, Pálsdóttir AE, Vignisson SR, Gunnarsson TG. Effects of pair migratory behavior on breeding phenology and success in a partially migratory shorebird population. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9184. [PMID: 35949536 PMCID: PMC9353121 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In migratory systems, variation in individual phenology can arise through differences in individual migratory behaviors, and this may be particularly apparent in partial migrant systems, where migrant and resident individuals are present within the same population. Links between breeding phenology and migratory behavior or success are generally investigated at the individual level. However, for breeding phenology in particular, the migratory behaviors of each member of the pair may need to be considered simultaneously, as breeding phenology will likely be constrained by timing of the pair member that arrives last, and carryover effects on breeding success may vary depending on whether pair members share the same migratory behavior or not. We used tracking of marked individuals and monitoring of breeding success from a partially migrant population of Eurasian oystercatchers (Haematopus ostralegus) breeding in Iceland to test whether (a) breeding phenology varied with pair migratory behavior; (b) within-pair consistency in timing of laying differed among pair migratory behaviors; and (c) reproductive performance varied with pair migratory behavior, timing of laying, and year. We found that annual variation in timing of laying differed among pair migratory behaviors, with resident pairs being more consistent than migrant and mixed pairs, and migrant/mixed pairs breeding earlier than residents in most years but later in one (unusually cold) year. Pairs that laid early were more likely to replace their clutch after nest loss, had higher productivity and higher fledging success, independent of pair migratory behavior. Our study suggests that the links between individual migratory behavior and reproductive success can vary over time and, to a much lesser extent, with mate migratory behavior and can be mediated by differences in laying dates. Understanding these cascading effects of pair phenology on breeding success is likely to be key to predicting the impact of changing environmental conditions on migratory species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Méndez
- South Iceland Research Centre, University of IcelandLaugarvatnIceland
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
- University Centre of the WestfjordsÍsafjörðurIceland
| | - Jose A. Alves
- South Iceland Research Centre, University of IcelandLaugarvatnIceland
- Department of Biology & CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine StudiesUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
| | | | - Böðvar Þórisson
- South Iceland Research Centre, University of IcelandLaugarvatnIceland
| | - Camilio Carneiro
- South Iceland Research Centre, University of IcelandLaugarvatnIceland
- Department of Biology & CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine StudiesUniversity of AveiroAveiroPortugal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Franklin KA, Nicoll MAC, Butler SJ, Norris K, Ratcliffe N, Nakagawa S, Gill JA. Individual repeatability of avian migration phenology: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Anim Ecol 2022; 91:1416-1430. [PMID: 35385132 PMCID: PMC9546039 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Changes in phenology and distribution are being widely reported for many migratory species in response to shifting environmental conditions. Understanding these changes and the situations in which they occur can be aided by understanding consistent individual differences in phenology and distribution and the situations in which consistency varies in strength or detectability. Studies tracking the same individuals over consecutive years are increasingly reporting migratory timings to be a repeatable trait, suggesting that flexible individual responses to environmental conditions may contribute little to population-level changes in phenology and distribution. However, how this varies across species and sexes, across the annual cycle and in relation to study (tracking method, study design) and/or ecosystem characteristics is not yet clear. Here, we take advantage of the growing number of publications in movement ecology to perform a phylogenetic multilevel meta-analysis of repeatability estimates for avian migratory timings to investigate these questions. Of 2,433 reviewed studies, 54 contained suitable information for meta-analysis, resulting in 177 effect sizes from 47 species. Individual repeatability of avian migratory timings averaged 0.414 (95% confidence interval: 0.3-0.5) across landbirds, waterbirds and seabirds, suggesting consistent individual differences in migratory timings is a common feature of migratory systems. Timing of departure from the non-breeding grounds was more repeatable than timings of arrival at or departure from breeding grounds, suggesting that conditions encountered on migratory journeys and outcome of breeding attempts can influence individual variation. Population-level shifts in phenology could arise through individual timings changing with environmental conditions and/or through shifts in the numbers of individuals with different timings. Our findings suggest that, in addition to identifying the conditions associated with individual variation in phenology, exploring the causes of between-individual variation will be key in predicting future rates and directions of changes in migratory timings. We therefore encourage researchers to report the within- and between- individual variance components underpinning the reported repeatability estimates to aid interpretation of migration behaviour. In addition, the lack of studies in the tropics means that levels of repeatability in less strongly seasonal environments are not yet clear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty A. Franklin
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
- Institute of ZoologyZoological Society of LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Simon J. Butler
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | | | | | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Ecology & Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mansouri I, Dakki M, Squalli W, Achiban H, Mounir M, El Ghadraoui L. Wildlife‐vehicle collisions in Moroccan Atlantic Sahara: Impact on resident species and Afro‐Palearctic birds for conservation purposes. Afr J Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Mansouri
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Genie of Environment Faculty of sciences and technology USMBA Fez Morocco
| | - Mohamed Dakki
- Laboratoire de Géo‐biodiversité et Patrimoine Naturel Scientific Institute (Mohammed V Univ.) Rabat Morocco
| | - Wafae Squalli
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Genie of Environment Faculty of sciences and technology USMBA Fez Morocco
| | - Hamid Achiban
- Laboratory of Geo‐environmental Analysis Planning‐Sustainable Development Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz USMBA Fez Morocco
| | - Mohamed Mounir
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorisation of phytogénétics Resources Faculty of Sciences and Technics Sultan Moulay Sliman University Beni mellal Morocco
| | - Lahsen El Ghadraoui
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Genie of Environment Faculty of sciences and technology USMBA Fez Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Morrick ZN, Lilleyman A, Fuller RA, Bush R, Coleman JT, Garnett ST, Gerasimov YN, Jessop R, Ma Z, Maglio G, Minton CDT, Syroechkovskiy E, Woodworth BK. Differential population trends align with migratory connectivity in an endangered shorebird. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zaine N. Morrick
- School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Amanda Lilleyman
- Threatened Species Recovery Hub, National Environmental Science Program, Research Institute for Environment and Livelihoods Charles Darwin University Casuarina Northern Territory Australia
| | - Richard A. Fuller
- School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Robert Bush
- Queensland Wader Study Group Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Australasian Wader Studies Group Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | | | - Stephen T. Garnett
- Threatened Species Recovery Hub, National Environmental Science Program, Research Institute for Environment and Livelihoods Charles Darwin University Casuarina Northern Territory Australia
- Queensland Wader Study Group Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | | | - Roz Jessop
- Australasian Wader Studies Group Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Victorian Wader Study Group Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Zhijun Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Grace Maglio
- Australasian Wader Studies Group Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Clive D. T. Minton
- Australasian Wader Studies Group Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Victorian Wader Study Group Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Evgeny Syroechkovskiy
- All‐Russian Research Institute for Nature Conservation of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment/BirdsRussia Moscow Russia
| | - Bradley K. Woodworth
- School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Queensland Wader Study Group Brisbane Queensland Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Battley PF, Conklin JR, Parody-Merino ÁM, Langlands PA, Southey I, Burns T, Melville DS, Schuckard R, Riegen AC, Potter MA. Interacting Roles of Breeding Geography and Early-Life Settlement in Godwit Migration Timing. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
12
|
Hill JM, Sandercock BK, Renfrew RB. Migration Patterns of Upland Sandpipers in the Western Hemisphere. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|