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Ouellet V, Collins MJ, Kocik JF, Saunders R, Sheehan TF, Ogburn MB, Trinko Lake T. The diadromous watersheds-ocean continuum: Managing diadromous fish as a community for ecosystem resilience. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1007599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diadromous fishes play important ecological roles by delivering ecosystem services and making crucial connections along the watersheds-ocean continuum. However, it is difficult to fully understand the community-level impacts and cumulative benefits of diadromous fish migrations, as these species are most often considered individually or in small groups. Their interactions at a community level (e.g., interdependencies such as predation, co-migration, and habitat conditioning) and the connections between their ecosystem roles and functions (e.g., cumulative marine-derived nutrient contributions, impacts on stream geomorphology) are yet to be fully understood. Similarly, freshwater, estuarine, and marine ecosystems are often considered as independent parts, limiting understanding of the importance of connections across systems. We argue that not considering the ecosystem interdependence and importance of diadromous fish as a community currently hinders the implementation of the large-scale management required to increase ecosystem resilience and fish productivity across the full range of these species. We developed a conceptual model, the Diadromous Watersheds-Ocean Continuum (DWOC), that uses ecosystem services to promote a more holistic approach to the management of the diadromous community and encourages an integrated understanding of the ecosystem connections made by these species. DWOC provides a framework for discussions that can help identify research and management needs, discuss the trade-offs of different management options, and analyze what pressing questions impede the implementation of large-scale management solutions toward a more ecosystem-based management approach.
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Cline TJ, Muhlfeld CC, Kovach R, Al-Chokhachy R, Schmetterling D, Whited D, Lynch AJ. Socioeconomic resilience to climatic extremes in a freshwater fishery. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn1396. [PMID: 36070376 PMCID: PMC9451147 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn1396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneity is a central feature of ecosystem resilience, but how this translates to socioeconomic resilience depends on people's ability to track shifting resources in space and time. Here, we quantify how climatic extremes have influenced how people (fishers) track economically valuable ecosystem services (fishing opportunities) across a range of spatial scales in rivers of the northern Rocky Mountains, USA, over the past three decades. Fishers opportunistically shifted from drought-sensitive to drought-resistant rivers during periods of low streamflows and warm temperatures. This adaptive behavior stabilized fishing pressure and expenditures by a factor of 2.6 at the scale of the regional fishery (i.e., portfolio effect). However, future warming is predicted to homogenize habitat options that enable adaptive behavior by fishers, putting ~30% of current spending at risk across the region. Maintaining a diverse portfolio of fishing opportunities that enable people to exploit shifting resources provides an important resilience mechanism for mitigating the socioeconomic impacts of climate change on fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Cline
- Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, West Glacier, MT, USA
| | - Clint C. Muhlfeld
- Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, West Glacier, MT, USA
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, MT, USA
| | - Ryan Kovach
- Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Robert Al-Chokhachy
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | | | - Diane Whited
- Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, Polson, MT, USA
| | - Abigail J. Lynch
- National Climate Adaptation Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, USA
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Nyboer EA, Lin HY, Bennett JR, Gabriel J, Twardek W, Chhor AD, Daly L, Dolson S, Guitard E, Holder P, Mozzon CM, Trahan A, Zimmermann D, Kesner-Reyes K, Garilao C, Kaschner K, Cooke SJ. Global assessment of marine and freshwater recreational fish reveals mismatch in climate change vulnerability and conservation effort. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:4799-4824. [PMID: 34289527 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recreational fisheries contribute substantially to the sociocultural and economic well-being of coastal and riparian regions worldwide, but climate change threatens their sustainability. Fishery managers require information on how climate change will impact key recreational species; however, the absence of a global assessment hinders both directed and widespread conservation efforts. In this study, we present the first global climate change vulnerability assessment of recreationally targeted fish species from marine and freshwater environments (including diadromous fishes). We use climate change projections and data on species' physiological and ecological traits to quantify and map global climate vulnerability and analyze these patterns alongside the indices of socioeconomic value and conservation effort to determine where efforts are sufficient and where they might fall short. We found that over 20% of recreationally targeted fishes are vulnerable to climate change under a high emission scenario. Overall, marine fishes had the highest number of vulnerable species, concentrated in regions with sensitive habitat types (e.g., coral reefs). However, freshwater fishes had higher proportions of species at risk from climate change, with concentrations in northern Europe, Australia, and southern Africa. Mismatches in conservation effort and vulnerability were found within all regions and life-history groups. A key pattern was that current conservation effort focused primarily on marine fishes of high socioeconomic value rather than on the freshwater and diadromous fishes that were predicted to be proportionately more vulnerable. While several marine regions were notably lacking in protection (e.g., Caribbean Sea, Banda Sea), only 19% of vulnerable marine species were without conservation effort. By contrast, 72% of freshwater fishes and 33% of diadromous fishes had no measures in place, despite their high vulnerability and cultural value. The spatial and taxonomic analyses presented here provide guidance for the future conservation and management of recreational fisheries as climate change progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hsien-Yung Lin
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph R Bennett
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph Gabriel
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - William Twardek
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Auston D Chhor
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lindsay Daly
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Dolson
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Guitard
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Holder
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Cristina Garilao
- GEOMAR Helmholtz, Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kristin Kaschner
- Abteilung für Biometri und Umweltsystemanalyse, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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