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Nieto Dominguez A, Eichinger SE, Matrova E, Almoghrabi A. Adult Hepatoblastoma and Concomitant Hepatitis B Infection. ACG Case Rep J 2024; 11:e01491. [PMID: 39238883 PMCID: PMC11377089 DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000001491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
We report a case of hepatoblastoma in a 26-year-old man with a background of type 2 diabetes mellitus and untreated hepatitis B, initially presenting with hematemesis and a recent diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma on computed tomography scan from a different hospital and recent referral to hospice. On presentation to our hospital, given atypical presentation for hepatocellular carcinoma, histological examination was made, revealing hepatoblastoma. Treatment included chemotherapy and management of hepatitis B, although complicated by chemotherapy-induced cytopenias and tumor progression, ultimately losing the patient to follow-up after 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elza Matrova
- Department of Pathology, John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL
| | - Anas Almoghrabi
- Department of Gastroenterology, John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL
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Alzahrani AK, Khan A, Singla N, Hai A, Alzahrani AR, Kamal M, Asdaq SMB, Alsalman AJ, Hawaj MAA, Al Odaini LH, Dzinamarira T, Imran M. From diagnosis to therapy: The critical role of lncRNAs in hepatoblastoma. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155412. [PMID: 38889493 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
According to findings, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serves an integral part in growth and development of a variety of human malignancies, including Hepatoblastoma (HB). HB is a rare kind of carcinoma of the liver that mostly affects kids and babies under the age of three. Its manifestations include digestive swelling, abdominal discomfort, and losing weight. This thorough investigation digs into the many roles that lncRNAs serve in HB, giving views into their varied activities as well as possible therapeutic consequences. The function of lncRNAs in HB cell proliferation, apoptosis, migratory and penetrating capacities, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and therapy tolerance is discussed. Various lncRNA regulatory roles are investigated in depth, yielding information on their effect on essential cell processes such as angiogenesis, apoptosis, immunity, and growth. Circulating lncRNAs are currently acknowledged as potential indications for the initial stages of identification of cancer, with the ability to diagnose as well as forecast. In addition to their diagnostic utility, lncRNAs provide curative opportunities as locations and actors, contributing to the expanding landscape of cancer research. Several HB-linked lncRNAs have been demonstrated to exhibit abnormal expression and are involved in tumor-like characteristics via DNA, RNA, or protein binding or encoding short peptides. As a result, a better knowledge of lncRNA instability might bring fresh perspectives into HB etiology as well as innovative strategies for HB early diagnosis and therapy. We describe the abnormalities of lncRNA expression in HB and their tumor-suppressive or carcinogenic activities during HB carcinogenesis in this study. Furthermore, we explore lncRNAs' diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities in HB.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Khuzaim Alzahrani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abida Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neelam Singla
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Abdul Hai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah R Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehnaz Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Maitham Abdullah Al Hawaj
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lulu Homeed Al Odaini
- Department of Ambulatory Care Pharmacy, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 12242, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tafadzwa Dzinamarira
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mohd Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia.
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Marin JJG, Macias RIR, Asensio M, Romero MR, Temprano AG, Pereira OR, Jimenez S, Mauriz JL, Di Giacomo S, Avila MA, Efferth T, Briz O. Strategies to enhance the response of liver cancer to pharmacological treatments. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 327:C11-C33. [PMID: 38708523 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00176.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
In contrast to other types of cancers, there is no available efficient pharmacological treatment to improve the outcomes of patients suffering from major primary liver cancers, i.e., hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. This dismal situation is partly due to the existence in these tumors of many different and synergistic mechanisms of resistance, accounting for the lack of response of these patients, not only to classical chemotherapy but also to more modern pharmacological agents based on the inhibition of tyrosine kinase receptors (TKIs) and the stimulation of the immune response against the tumor using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). This review summarizes the efforts to develop strategies to overcome this severe limitation, including searching for novel drugs derived from synthetic, semisynthetic, or natural products with vectorial properties against therapeutic targets to increase drug uptake or reduce drug export from cancer cells. Besides, immunotherapy is a promising line of research that is already starting to be implemented in clinical practice. Although less successful than in other cancers, the foreseen future for this strategy in treating liver cancers is considerable. Similarly, the pharmacological inhibition of epigenetic targets is highly promising. Many novel "epidrugs," able to act on "writer," "reader," and "eraser" epigenetic players, are currently being evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies. Finally, gene therapy is a broad field of research in the fight against liver cancer chemoresistance, based on the impressive advances recently achieved in gene manipulation. In sum, although the present is still dismal, there is reason for hope in the non-too-distant future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose J G Marin
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM) Group, University of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocio I R Macias
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM) Group, University of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maitane Asensio
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM) Group, University of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta R Romero
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM) Group, University of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro G Temprano
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM) Group, University of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Olívia R Pereira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Research Centre for Active Living and Wellbeing (LiveWell), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Silvia Jimenez
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM) Group, University of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Farmacia Hospitalaria, Hospital de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jose L Mauriz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of Leon, Leon, Spain
| | - Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Matias A Avila
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Hepatology Laboratory, Solid Tumors Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra (IdisNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Oscar Briz
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM) Group, University of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
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Gulati R, Fleifil Y, Jennings K, Bondoc A, Tiao G, Geller J, Timchenko L, Timchenko N. Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase Activity Increases Cisplatin Efficacy to Eliminate Metastatic Cells in Pediatric Liver Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2300. [PMID: 39001363 PMCID: PMC11240720 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The pediatric liver cancers, hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, are dangerous cancers which often spread to the lungs. Although treatments with cisplatin significantly improve outcomes, cisplatin may not eliminate metastasis-initiating cells. Our group has recently shown that the metastatic microenvironments of hepatoblastoma contain Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) and neuron-like cells, which initiate cancer spread from liver to lungs. In this study, we found that these cells express high levels of HDAC1; therefore, we examined if histone deacetylase inhibition improves cisplatin anti-proliferative effects and reduces the formation of tumor clusters in pediatric liver cancer metastatic microenvironments. METHODS New cell lines were generated from primary hepatoblastoma liver tumors (hbl) and lung metastases (LM) of HBL patients. In addition, cell lines were generated from hepatocellular neoplasm, not otherwise specified (HCN-NOS) tumor samples, and hcc cell lines. Hbl, LM and hcc cells were treated with cisplatin, SAHA or in combination. The effect of these drugs on the number of cells, formation of tumor clusters and HDAC1-Sp5-p21 axis were examined. RESULTS Both HBL and HCC tissue specimens have increased HDAC1-Sp5 pathway activation, recapitulated in cell lines generated from the tumors. HDAC inhibition with vorinostat (SAHA) increases cisplatin efficacy to eliminate CAFs in hbl and in hcc cell lines. Although the neuron-like cells survive the combined treatments, proliferation was inhibited. Notably, combining SAHA with cisplatin overcame cisplatin resistance in an LM cell line from an aggressive case with multiple metastases. Underlying mechanisms of this enhanced inhibition include suppression of the HDAC1-Sp5 pathway and elevation of an inhibitor of proliferation p21. Similar findings were found with gemcitabine treatments suggesting that elimination of proliferative CAFs cells is a key event in the inhibition of mitotic microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS Our studies demonstrate the synergistic benefits of HDAC inhibition and cisplatin to eliminate metastasis-initiating cells in pediatric liver cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhi Gulati
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yasmeen Fleifil
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Katherine Jennings
- Department of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Alex Bondoc
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Greg Tiao
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - James Geller
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lubov Timchenko
- Department of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Nikolai Timchenko
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Aguiar TFM, Rivas MP, de Andrade Silva EM, Pires SF, Dangoni GD, Macedo TC, Defelicibus A, Barros BDDF, Novak E, Cristofani LM, Odone V, Cypriano M, de Toledo SRC, da Cunha IW, da Costa CML, Carraro DM, Tojal I, de Oliveira Mendes TA, Krepischi ACV. First Transcriptome Analysis of Hepatoblastoma in Brazil: Unraveling the Pivotal Role of Noncoding RNAs and Metabolic Pathways. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10764-y. [PMID: 38649558 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma stands as the most prevalent liver cancer in the pediatric population. Characterized by a low mutational burden, chromosomal and epigenetic alterations are key drivers of its tumorigenesis. Transcriptome analysis is a powerful tool for unraveling the molecular intricacies of hepatoblastoma, shedding light on the effects of genetic and epigenetic changes on gene expression. In this study conducted in Brazilian patients, an in-depth whole transcriptome analysis was performed on 14 primary hepatoblastomas, compared to control liver tissues. The analysis unveiled 1,492 differentially expressed genes (1,031 upregulated and 461 downregulated), including 920 protein-coding genes (62%). Upregulated biological processes were linked to cell differentiation, signaling, morphogenesis, and development, involving known hepatoblastoma-associated genes (DLK1, MEG3, HDAC2, TET1, HMGA2, DKK1, DKK4), alongside with novel findings (GYNG4, CDH3, and TNFRSF19). Downregulated processes predominantly centered around oxidation and metabolism, affecting amines, nicotinamides, and lipids, featuring novel discoveries like the repression of SYT7, TTC36, THRSP, CCND1, GCK and CAMK2B. Two genes, which displayed a concordant pattern of DNA methylation alteration in their promoter regions and dysregulation in the transcriptome, were further validated by RT-qPCR: the upregulated TNFRSF19, a key gene in the embryonic development, and the repressed THRSP, connected to lipid metabolism. Furthermore, based on protein-protein interaction analysis, we identified genes holding central positions in the network, such as HDAC2, CCND1, GCK, and CAMK2B, among others, that emerged as prime candidates warranting functional validation in future studies. Notably, a significant dysregulation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), predominantly upregulated transcripts, was observed, with 42% of the top 50 highly expressed genes being ncRNAs. An integrative miRNA-mRNA analysis revealed crucial biological processes associated with metabolism, oxidation reactions of lipids and carbohydrates, and methylation-dependent chromatin silencing. In particular, four upregulated miRNAs (miR-186, miR-214, miR-377, and miR-494) played a pivotal role in the network, potentially targeting multiple protein-coding transcripts, including CCND1 and CAMK2B. In summary, our transcriptome analysis highlighted disrupted embryonic development as well as metabolic pathways, particularly those involving lipids, emphasizing the emerging role of ncRNAs as epigenetic regulators in hepatoblastomas. These findings provide insights into the complexity of the hepatoblastoma transcriptome and identify potential targets for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Ferreira Marques Aguiar
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Prates Rivas
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Mario de Andrade Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Sara Ferreira Pires
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Dib Dangoni
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Taiany Curdulino Macedo
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Estela Novak
- Pediatric Cancer Institute (ITACI) at the Pediatric Department, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian Maria Cristofani
- Pediatric Cancer Institute (ITACI) at the Pediatric Department, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vicente Odone
- Pediatric Cancer Institute (ITACI) at the Pediatric Department, São Paulo University Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica Cypriano
- Department of Pediatrics, Adolescent and Child With Cancer Support Group (GRAACC), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Regina Caminada de Toledo
- Department of Pediatrics, Adolescent and Child With Cancer Support Group (GRAACC), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Dirce Maria Carraro
- International Center for Research, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Israel Tojal
- International Center for Research, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Cristina Victorino Krepischi
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Segovia JC, Lin YC, Aala W, Dolendo MCJ, McGrath JA, Hsu CK, Guevara BEK. Atrichia with papular lesions in a 1-year-old girl resulting from a new homozygous nonsense pathogenic variant in the hairless gene. Clin Exp Dermatol 2023; 48:536-538. [PMID: 36757922 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Congenital atrichia is a rare disorder featuring the gradual shedding of hair at birth with near total hair loss in succeeding weeks or months. When accompanied by milia-like papules on the face or body it is called atrichia with papular lesions (APL), caused by germline pathogenic variants in the hairless (HR) gene and some somatic variants in HR are implicated in various malignancies. We report a case of a patient harbouring a germline homozygous nonsense variant in the HR gene presenting as APL with concomitant liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu-Chen Lin
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,International Center of Wound Repair and Regeneration
| | - Wilson Aala
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - John A McGrath
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Chao-Kai Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,International Center of Wound Repair and Regeneration.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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