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Felix FA, Zhou J, Li D, Onodera S, Yu Q. Endogenous IL-22 contributes to the pathogenesis of salivary gland dysfunction in the non-obese diabetic model of Sjögren's syndrome. Mol Immunol 2024; 173:20-29. [PMID: 39018744 PMCID: PMC11343657 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Sjӧgren's syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease primarily targeting the salivary and lacrimal glands. Our previous investigations have shown that administration of interleukin-22 (IL-22), an IL-10 family cytokine known for its complex and context-dependent effects on tissues, either protective- or detrimental, to salivary glands leads to hypofunction and pathological changes of salivary glands in C57BL/6 mice and in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, the latter being a commonly used model of Sjӧgren's syndrome. This study aims to delineate the pathophysiological roles of endogenously produced IL-22 in the development of salivary gland pathologies and dysfunction associated with Sjӧgren's disease in the NOD mouse model. Our results reveal that neutralizing IL-22 offered a protective effect on salivary gland function without significantly affecting the immune cell infiltration of salivary glands or the autoantibody production. Blockade of IL-22 reduced the levels of phosphorylated STAT3 in salivary gland tissues of NOD mice, while its administration to salivary glands had the opposite effect. Correspondingly, the detrimental impact of exogenously applied IL-22 on salivary glands was almost completely abrogated by a specific STAT3 inhibitor. Moreover, IL-22 blockade led to a downregulation of protein amounts of Ten-Eleven-Translocation 2, a methylcytosine dioxygenase critical for mediating interferon-induced responses, in salivary gland epithelial cells. IL-22 neutralization also exerted a protective effect on the salivary gland epithelial cells that express high levels of surface EpCAM and bear the stem cell potential, and IL-22 treatment in vitro hampered the survival/expansion of these salivary gland stem cells, indicating a direct negative impact of IL-22 on these cells. In summary, this study has uncovered a critical pathogenic role of the endogenous IL-22 in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's disease-characteristic salivary gland dysfunction and provided initial evidence that this effect is dependent on STAT3 activation and potentially achieved through fostering Tet2-mediated interferon responses in salivary gland epithelial cells and negatively affecting the EpCAMhigh salivary gland stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Aragão Felix
- The ADA Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States; Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology, and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jing Zhou
- The ADA Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Dongfang Li
- The ADA Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Shoko Onodera
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda Misaki-chou, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Qing Yu
- The ADA Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States.
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2
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Qi W, Tian J, Wang G, Yan Y, Wang T, Wei Y, Wang Z, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Wang J. Advances in cellular and molecular pathways of salivary gland damage in Sjögren's syndrome. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1405126. [PMID: 39050857 PMCID: PMC11266040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1405126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by dysfunction of exocrine glands. Primarily affected are the salivary glands, which exhibit the most frequent pathological changes. The pathogenesis involves susceptibility genes, non-genetic factors such as infections, immune cells-including T and B cells, macrophage, dendritic cells, and salivary gland epithelial cells. Inflammatory mediators such as autoantibodies, cytokines, and chemokines also play a critical role. Key signaling pathways activated include IFN, TLR, BAFF/BAFF-R, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, among others. Comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic interventions. Thus, this study explores the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying SS-related salivary gland damage, aiming to propose novel targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Qi
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiexiang Tian
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Rheumatology and Orthopedics, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Rheumatology and Orthopedics, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanfeng Yan
- Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Rheumatology and Orthopedics, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yong Wei
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Rheumatology and Orthopedics, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhandong Wang
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Rheumatology and Orthopedics, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Lanzhou, China
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Akiyama Y, Harada K, Miyakawa J, Kreder KJ, O’Donnell MA, Daichi M, Katoh H, Hori M, Owari K, Futami K, Ishikawa S, Ushiku T, Kume H, Homma Y, Luo Y. Th1/17 polarization and potential treatment by an anti-interferon-γ DNA aptamer in Hunner-type interstitial cystitis. iScience 2023; 26:108262. [PMID: 38026177 PMCID: PMC10663743 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hunner-type interstitial cystitis (HIC) is a rare, enigmatic inflammatory disease of the urinary bladder with no curative treatments. In this study, we aimed to characterize the unique cellular and immunological factors specifically involved in HIC by comparing with cystitis induced by Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin, which presents similar clinicopathological features to HIC. Here, we show that T helper 1/17 +polarized immune responses accompanied by prominent overexpression of interferon (IFN)-γ, enhanced cGAS-STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway, and increased plasma cell infiltration are the characteristic inflammatory features in HIC bladder. Further, we developed a mouse anti-IFN-γ DNA aptamer and observed that the intravesical instillation of the aptamer significantly ameliorated bladder inflammation, pelvic pain and voiding dysfunction in a recently developed murine HIC model with little migration into the blood. Our study provides the plausible basis for the clinical translation of the anti-IFN-γ DNA aptamer in the treatment of human HIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Akiyama
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Jimpei Miyakawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Karl J. Kreder
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Maeda Daichi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroto Katoh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Shumpei Ishikawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ushiku
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruki Kume
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Homma
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Interstitial Cystitis Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Peck AB, Ambrus JL. Marginal Zone B (MZB) Cells: Comparison of the Initial Identification of Immune Activity Leading to Dacryoadenitis and Sialadenitis in Experimental Sjögren's Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12209. [PMID: 37569583 PMCID: PMC10419086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although multiple mouse strains have been advanced as models for Sjögren's syndrome (SS), which is a human systemic autoimmune disease characterized primarily as the loss of lacrimal and salivary gland functions, the C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 recombinant inbred (RI) mouse derived from the NOD/ShiLtJ line is considered one of the more appropriate models exhibiting virtually all the characteristics of the human disease. This mouse model, as well as other mouse models of SS, have shown that B lymphocytes are essential for the onset and development of observed clinical manifestations. Recently, studies carried out in the C57BL/6.IL14α transgenic mouse have provided clear evidence that the marginal zone B (MZB) cell population is directly involved in the early pathological events initiating the development of the clinical SS disease, as well as late-stage lymphomagenesis resulting in B-cell lymphomas. Since MZB cells are difficult to study in vivo and in vitro, we carried out a series of ex vivo investigations that utilize temporal global RNA transcriptomic analyses to profile differentially expressed genes exhibiting temporal upregulation during the initial onset and subsequent development of pathophysiological events within the lacrimal and salivary gland tissues per se or associated with the leukocyte cell migrations into these glands. The initial transcriptomic analyses revealed that while the upregulated gene expression profiles obtained from lacrimal and salivary glands overlap, multiple genetic differences exist between the defined activated pathways. In the current study, we present a concept suggesting that the initial pathological events differ between the two glands, yet the subsequent upregulated TLR4/TLR3 signal transduction pathway that activates the type-1 interferon signature appears to be identical in the two glands and indicates an autoimmune response against dsRNA, possibly a virus. Here, we attempt to put these findings into perspective and determine how they can impact the design of future therapeutic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammon B. Peck
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Julian L. Ambrus
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, SUNY Buffalo School of Medicine, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
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Beydon M, Seror R, Le Guern V, Chretien P, Mariette X, Nocturne G. Impact of patient ancestry on heterogeneity of Sjögren's disease. RMD Open 2023; 9:rmdopen-2022-002955. [PMID: 36878621 PMCID: PMC9990603 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to compare disease characteristics between primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) patients of African ancestry (AA) and Caucasian ancestry. METHODS We conducted a retrospective, case-control study in a French national and European referral centre for pSS. All patients with pSS of AA were matched with two Caucasians patients having similar follow-up duration. We explored clinical and biological parameters associated with a cumulative EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (cumESSDAI ≥5) (consisting of individual clinESSDAI domain maximum throughout follow-up). RESULTS We identified 74 patients of AA matched with 148 Caucasian. Median age at pSS diagnosis was younger in AA patients (43 years (IQR 33-51) vs 56 years (44.8-59.2), p<0.001). AA patients presented higher median titre of gammaglobulins (18.5 g/L (IQR 15-22.8) vs 13.4 g/L (9.9-16.9), p<0.001), more frequently positive for anti-SSA (88% vs 72%, p=0.007) and anti-RNP (11% vs 2.7%, p=0.023) antibodies. During the follow-up (median: 6 years (IQR 2-11)), AA patients presented more systemic complications: arthritis, myositis, interstitial lung disease, lymphadenopathy, central nervous system involvement. Median cumESSDAI score was higher in AA patients (7.5 (IQR 3.2-16.0) vs 4.0 (IQR 2.0-9.0), p=0.002). Interestingly, in multivariate analyses, factors associated with disease activity were sub-Saharan AA (OR 2.65 (95% CI 1.06 to 6.94)), rheumatoid factor (OR 2.50 (95% CI 1.28 to 4.96)) and anti-RNP positivity (OR 11.1 (95% CI 1.88 to 212)). CONCLUSION Patients of AA display higher disease activity with a hallmark of higher B-cell activation. Studies to investigate biological drivers behind such differences are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Beydon
- Département de Santé Publique, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidemiologie et de Sante Publique, Paris, France.,Rheumatology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Sud - Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Raphaele Seror
- Rheumatology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Sud - Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Auto-immune Diseases (IMVA), Institut pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1184, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Pascale Chretien
- Immunology, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - Xavier Mariette
- Rheumatology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Sud - Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Auto-immune Diseases (IMVA), Institut pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1184, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Gaetane Nocturne
- Rheumatology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux universitaires Paris-Sud - Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France .,Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Auto-immune Diseases (IMVA), Institut pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1184, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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6
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Differential diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome using machine learning and multi-omics data. Comput Biol Med 2023; 152:106373. [PMID: 36462367 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus and primary Sjogren's syndrome are complex systemic autoimmune diseases that are often misdiagnosed. In this article, we demonstrate the potential of machine learning to perform differential diagnosis of these similar pathologies using gene expression and methylation data from 651 individuals. Furthermore, we analyzed the impact of the heterogeneity of these diseases on the performance of the predictive models, discovering that patients assigned to a specific molecular cluster are misclassified more often and affect to the overall performance of the predictive models. In addition, we found that the samples characterized by a high interferon activity are the ones predicted with more accuracy, followed by the samples with high inflammatory activity. Finally, we identified a group of biomarkers that improve the predictions compared to using the whole data and we validated them with external studies from other tissues and technological platforms.
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7
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Peck AB, Ambrus JL. A Temporal Comparative RNA Transcriptome Profile of the Annexin Gene Family in the Salivary versus Lacrimal Glands of the Sjögren's Syndrome-Susceptible C57BL/6.NOD- Aec1Aec2 Mouse. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11709. [PMID: 36233010 PMCID: PMC9570365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A generally accepted hypothesis for the initial activation of an immune or autoimmune response argues that alarmins are released from injured, dying and/or activated immune cells, and these products complex with receptors that activate signal transduction pathways and recruit immune cells to the site of injury where the recruited cells are stimulated to initiate immune and/or cellular repair responses. While there are multiple diverse families of alarmins such as interleukins (IL), heat-shock proteins (HSP), Toll-like receptors (TLR), plus individual molecular entities such as Galectin-3, Calreticulin, Thymosin, alpha-Defensin-1, RAGE, and Interferon-1, one phylogenetically conserved family are the Annexin proteins known to promote an extensive range of biomolecular and cellular products that can directly and indirectly regulate inflammation and immune activities. For the present report, we examined the temporal expression profiles of the 12 mammalian annexin genes (Anxa1-11 and Anxa13), applying our temporal genome-wide transcriptome analyses of ex vivo salivary and lacrimal glands from our C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mouse model of Sjögren's Syndrome (SS), a human autoimmune disease characterized primarily by severe dry mouth and dry eye symptoms. Results indicate that annexin genes Anax1-7 and -11 exhibited upregulated expressions and the initial timing for these upregulations occurred as early as 8 weeks of age and prior to any covert signs of a SS-like disease. While the profiles of the two glands were similar, they were not identical, suggesting the possibility that the SS-like disease may not be uniform in the two glands. Nevertheless, this early pre-clinical and concomitant upregulated expression of this specific set of alarmins within the immune-targeted organs represents a potential target for identifying the pre-clinical stage in human SS as well, a fact that would clearly impact future interventions and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammon B Peck
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100125, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Julian L Ambrus
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, SUNY Buffalo School of Medicine, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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8
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Maslinska M, Kostyra-Grabczak K. The role of virus infections in Sjögren’s syndrome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:823659. [PMID: 36148238 PMCID: PMC9488556 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.823659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease with a clinical picture of not only mainly exocrine gland involvement, with dryness symptoms, but also internal organ and systems involvement. The epithelial damage and releasing of antigens, which, in some circumstances, become autoantigens, underlay the pathogenesis of pSS. The activation of autoimmune processes in pSS leads to the hyperactivation of B cells with autoantibody production and other immunological phenomena such as hypergammaglobulinemia, production of cryoglobulins, or formation of extra-nodal lymphoid tissue. Among the risk factors for the development of this disease are viral infections, which themselves can activate autoimmune reactions and influence the host’s immune response. It is known that viruses, through various mechanisms, can influence the immune system and initiate autoimmune reactions. These mechanisms include molecular mimicry, bystander activation, production of superantigens—proteins encoded by viruses—or a programming to produce viral cytokines similar to host cytokines such as, e.g., interleukin-10. Of particular importance for pSS are viruses which not only, as expected, activate the interferon pathway but also play a particular role, directly or indirectly, in B cell activation or present tropism to organs also targeted in the course of pSS. This article is an attempt to present the current knowledge of the influence specific viruses have on the development and course of pSS.
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9
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Khatri B, Tessneer KL, Rasmussen A, Aghakhanian F, Reksten TR, Adler A, Alevizos I, Anaya JM, Aqrawi LA, Baecklund E, Brun JG, Bucher SM, Eloranta ML, Engelke F, Forsblad-d'Elia H, Glenn SB, Hammenfors D, Imgenberg-Kreuz J, Jensen JL, Johnsen SJA, Jonsson MV, Kvarnström M, Kelly JA, Li H, Mandl T, Martín J, Nocturne G, Norheim KB, Palm Ø, Skarstein K, Stolarczyk AM, Taylor KE, Teruel M, Theander E, Venuturupalli S, Wallace DJ, Grundahl KM, Hefner KS, Radfar L, Lewis DM, Stone DU, Kaufman CE, Brennan MT, Guthridge JM, James JA, Scofield RH, Gaffney PM, Criswell LA, Jonsson R, Eriksson P, Bowman SJ, Omdal R, Rönnblom L, Warner B, Rischmueller M, Witte T, Farris AD, Mariette X, Alarcon-Riquelme ME, Shiboski CH, Wahren-Herlenius M, Ng WF, Sivils KL, Adrianto I, Nordmark G, Lessard CJ. Genome-wide association study identifies Sjögren's risk loci with functional implications in immune and glandular cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4287. [PMID: 35896530 PMCID: PMC9329286 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30773-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's disease is a complex autoimmune disease with twelve established susceptibility loci. This genome-wide association study (GWAS) identifies ten novel genome-wide significant (GWS) regions in Sjögren's cases of European ancestry: CD247, NAB1, PTTG1-MIR146A, PRDM1-ATG5, TNFAIP3, XKR6, MAPT-CRHR1, RPTOR-CHMP6-BAIAP6, TYK2, SYNGR1. Polygenic risk scores yield predictability (AUROC = 0.71) and relative risk of 12.08. Interrogation of bioinformatics databases refine the associations, define local regulatory networks of GWS SNPs from the 95% credible set, and expand the implicated gene list to >40. Many GWS SNPs are eQTLs for genes within topologically associated domains in immune cells and/or eQTLs in the main target tissue, salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuwan Khatri
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kandice L Tessneer
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Astrid Rasmussen
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Farhang Aghakhanian
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Tove Ragna Reksten
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Adam Adler
- NGS Core Laboratory, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ilias Alevizos
- Salivary Disorder Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan-Manuel Anaya
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lara A Aqrawi
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva Baecklund
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan G Brun
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sara Magnusson Bucher
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maija-Leena Eloranta
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fiona Engelke
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Helena Forsblad-d'Elia
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stuart B Glenn
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Daniel Hammenfors
- Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Juliana Imgenberg-Kreuz
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Janicke Liaaen Jensen
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein Joar Auglænd Johnsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology Unit, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Malin V Jonsson
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Section for Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Medical Faculty, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marika Kvarnström
- Rheumatology Unity, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Academic Specialist Center, Center for Rheumatology and Studieenheten, Stockholm Health Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennifer A Kelly
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - He Li
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Translational Sciences, The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Mandl
- Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Javier Martín
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Parasitología López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Gaétane Nocturne
- Université Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bicêtre, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1184, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Katrine Brække Norheim
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Rheumatology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Øyvind Palm
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathrine Skarstein
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna M Stolarczyk
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kimberly E Taylor
- Department of Medicine, Russell/Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Maria Teruel
- Genyo, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain
| | - Elke Theander
- Department of Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Medical Affairs, Jannsen-Cilag EMEA (Europe/Middle East/Africa), Beerse, Belgium
| | - Swamy Venuturupalli
- Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J Wallace
- Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kiely M Grundahl
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Lida Radfar
- Oral Diagnosis and Radiology Department, University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - David M Lewis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Donald U Stone
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - C Erick Kaufman
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael T Brennan
- Department of Oral Medicine/Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Joel M Guthridge
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Judith A James
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - R Hal Scofield
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Patrick M Gaffney
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Lindsey A Criswell
- Department of Medicine, Russell/Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics (IHG), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Genomics of Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Roland Jonsson
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per Eriksson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Simon J Bowman
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation & Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Rheumatology Department, Milton Keynes University Hospital, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Roald Omdal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology Unit, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Lars Rönnblom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Blake Warner
- Salivary Disorder Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maureen Rischmueller
- Rheumatology Department, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, South Australia
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Torsten Witte
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Darise Farris
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Xavier Mariette
- Université Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bicêtre, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1184, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Marta E Alarcon-Riquelme
- Genyo, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain
| | - Caroline H Shiboski
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marie Wahren-Herlenius
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Rheumatology Unity, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wan-Fai Ng
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Centre and NIHR Newcastle Clinical Research Facility, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kathy L Sivils
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Translational Sciences, The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Indra Adrianto
- Center for Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Gunnel Nordmark
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christopher J Lessard
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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10
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The Clinical and Immunological Activity Depending on the Presence of Interferon γ in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome—A Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2021; 11:jcm11010003. [PMID: 35011744 PMCID: PMC8745422 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The upregulation of IFN pathways and their stimulated genes is associated with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). The recent studies also indicate the involvement of interferon γ (IFNγ) in the pathogenesis of pSS. The study aimed to assess the clinical and immunological activity depending on the concentration of IFNγ in the peripheral blood in pSS patients. Methods: The study group consisted of patients over 18 years of age with a confirmed diagnosis of pSS. Based on the collected data, disease activity was assessed using the EULAR Sjögren’s syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI) and the EULAR Sjögren’s syndrome patient reported index (ESSPRI). Results: Among 40 pSS patients, 33 (82%) showed increased levels of IFNγ. The group with positive IFNγ was younger (43 years) than the group with negative IFNγ (57 years) (p < 0.05). In the positive IFNγ group, the time to diagnosis was shorter (p < 0.05). There was a difference in ESSDAI among patients with and without IFNγ (p < 0.05). There were no differences between the groups in ESSPRI and the presence of cryoglobulins, specific anti-SSA, and anti-SSB antibodies and in C3 and C4 hypocomplementemia. RF occurred in both groups with a similar frequency (p = 0.6), but in patients with IFNγ presence, significantly higher RF titers were observed (34.9 vs. 10.5; p < 0.05). Conclusion: In the group of patients with positive IFNγ, the mean value of RF and ESSDAI was higher. This group was also younger than patients with pSS without IFNγ.
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11
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Horeth E, Oyelakin A, Song EAC, Che M, Bard J, Min S, Kiripolsky J, Kramer JM, Sinha S, Romano RA. Transcriptomic and Single-Cell Analysis Reveals Regulatory Networks and Cellular Heterogeneity in Mouse Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Salivary Glands. Front Immunol 2021; 12:729040. [PMID: 34912329 PMCID: PMC8666453 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.729040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren’s Syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology which primarily affects the salivary and lacrimal glands resulting in the loss of secretory function. Treatment options for SS have been hampered due to the lack of a better understanding of the underlying gene regulatory circuitry and the interplay between the myriad pathological cellular states that contribute to salivary gland dysfunction. To better elucidate the molecular nature of SS, we have performed RNA-sequencing analysis of the submandibular glands (SMG) of a well-established primary Sjögren’s Syndrome (pSS) mouse model. Our comprehensive examination of global gene expression and comparative analyses with additional SS mouse models and human datasets, have identified a number of important pathways and regulatory networks that are relevant in SS pathobiology. To complement these studies, we have performed single-cell RNA sequencing to examine and identify the molecular and cellular heterogeneity of the diseased cell populations of the mouse SMG. Interrogation of the single-cell transcriptomes has shed light on the diversity of immune cells that are dysregulated in SS and importantly, revealed an activated state of the salivary gland epithelial cells that contribute to the global immune mediated responses. Overall, our broad studies have not only revealed key pathways, mediators and new biomarkers, but have also uncovered the complex nature of the cellular populations in the SMG that are likely to drive the progression of SS. These newly discovered insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms and cellular states of SS will better inform targeted therapeutic discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich Horeth
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Akinsola Oyelakin
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Eun-Ah Christine Song
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Monika Che
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan Bard
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Sangwon Min
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jeremy Kiripolsky
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jill M Kramer
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Satrajit Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Rose-Anne Romano
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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12
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Teruel M, Barturen G, Martínez-Bueno M, Castellini-Pérez O, Barroso-Gil M, Povedano E, Kerick M, Català-Moll F, Makowska Z, Buttgereit A, Pers JO, Marañón C, Ballestar E, Martin J, Carnero-Montoro E, Alarcón-Riquelme ME. Integrative epigenomics in Sjögren´s syndrome reveals novel pathways and a strong interaction between the HLA, autoantibodies and the interferon signature. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23292. [PMID: 34857786 PMCID: PMC8640069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and damage of exocrine salivary and lacrimal glands. The etiology of SS is complex with environmental triggers and genetic factors involved. By conducting an integrated multi-omics study, we confirmed a vast coordinated hypomethylation and overexpression effects in IFN-related genes, what is known as the IFN signature. Stratified and conditional analyses suggest a strong interaction between SS-associated HLA genetic variation and the presence of Anti-Ro/SSA autoantibodies in driving the IFN epigenetic signature and determining SS. We report a novel epigenetic signature characterized by increased DNA methylation levels in a large number of genes enriched in pathways such as collagen metabolism and extracellular matrix organization. We identified potential new genetic variants associated with SS that might mediate their risk by altering DNA methylation or gene expression patterns, as well as disease-interacting genetic variants that exhibit regulatory function only in the SS population. Our study sheds new light on the interaction between genetics, autoantibody profiles, DNA methylation and gene expression in SS, and contributes to elucidate the genetic architecture of gene regulation in an autoimmune population.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teruel
- GENYO, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Guillermo Barturen
- GENYO, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez-Bueno
- GENYO, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Olivia Castellini-Pérez
- GENYO, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Barroso-Gil
- GENYO, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Elena Povedano
- GENYO, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Martin Kerick
- IPBLN-CSIC, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Francesc Català-Moll
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Research Institute (IJC), 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- IDIBELL, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zuzanna Makowska
- Pharmaceuticals Division, Bayer Pharma Aktiengesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Buttgereit
- Pharmaceuticals Division, Bayer Pharma Aktiengesellschaft, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Concepción Marañón
- GENYO, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Esteban Ballestar
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Research Institute (IJC), 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- IDIBELL, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Martin
- IPBLN-CSIC, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Elena Carnero-Montoro
- GENYO, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - Marta E Alarcón-Riquelme
- GENYO, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016, Granada, Spain.
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 67, Solna, Sweden.
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13
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Peck AB, Nguyen CQ, Ambrus JL. Upregulated Chemokine and Rho-GTPase Genes Define Immune Cell Emigration into Salivary Glands of Sjögren's Syndrome-Susceptible C57BL/6.NOD- Aec1Aec2 Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7176. [PMID: 34281229 PMCID: PMC8267620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mouse is considered a highly appropriate model of Sjögren's Syndrome (SS), a human systemic autoimmune disease characterized primarily as the loss of lacrimal and salivary gland functions. This mouse model, as well as other mouse models of SS, have shown that B lymphocytes are essential for the development and onset of observed clinical manifestations. More recently, studies carried out in the C57BL/6.IL14α transgenic mouse have indicated that the marginal zone B (MZB) cell population is responsible for development of SS disease, reflecting recent observations that MZB cells are present in the salivary glands of SS patients and most likely initiate the subsequent loss of exocrine functions. Although MZB cells are difficult to study in vivo and in vitro, we have carried out an ex vivo investigation that uses temporal global RNA transcriptomic analyses to profile differentially expressed genes known to be associated with cell migration. Results indicate a temporal upregulation of specific chemokine, chemokine receptor, and Rho-GTPase genes in the salivary glands of C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice that correlate with the early appearance of periductal lymphocyte infiltrations. Using the power of transcriptomic analyses to better define the genetic profile of lymphocytic emigration into the salivary glands of SS mice, new insights into the underlying mechanisms of SS disease development and onset begin to come into focus, thereby establishing a foundation for further in-depth and novel investigations of the covert and early overt phases of SS disease at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammon B. Peck
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100125, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Cuong Q. Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100125, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Julian L. Ambrus
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, SUNY Buffalo School of Medicine, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
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14
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Martorell-Marugán J, López-Domínguez R, García-Moreno A, Toro-Domínguez D, Villatoro-García JA, Barturen G, Martín-Gómez A, Troule K, Gómez-López G, Al-Shahrour F, González-Rumayor V, Peña-Chilet M, Dopazo J, Sáez-Rodríguez J, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Carmona-Sáez P. A comprehensive database for integrated analysis of omics data in autoimmune diseases. BMC Bioinformatics 2021; 22:343. [PMID: 34167460 PMCID: PMC8223391 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-04268-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune diseases are heterogeneous pathologies with difficult diagnosis and few therapeutic options. In the last decade, several omics studies have provided significant insights into the molecular mechanisms of these diseases. Nevertheless, data from different cohorts and pathologies are stored independently in public repositories and a unified resource is imperative to assist researchers in this field. RESULTS Here, we present Autoimmune Diseases Explorer ( https://adex.genyo.es ), a database that integrates 82 curated transcriptomics and methylation studies covering 5609 samples for some of the most common autoimmune diseases. The database provides, in an easy-to-use environment, advanced data analysis and statistical methods for exploring omics datasets, including meta-analysis, differential expression or pathway analysis. CONCLUSIONS This is the first omics database focused on autoimmune diseases. This resource incorporates homogeneously processed data to facilitate integrative analyses among studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Martorell-Marugán
- Bioinformatics Unit, GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Atrys Health S.A., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl López-Domínguez
- Bioinformatics Unit, GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Adrián García-Moreno
- Bioinformatics Unit, GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel Toro-Domínguez
- Bioinformatics Unit, GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Genetics of Complex Diseases, GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Villatoro-García
- Bioinformatics Unit, GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Department of Statistics, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Guillermo Barturen
- Genetics of Complex Diseases, GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Adoración Martín-Gómez
- Nephrology Units, AADEA: Asociación Andaluza de Enfermedades Autoinmunes, Hospital de Poniente, 04700, Almería, Spain
| | - Kevin Troule
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Center, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Fátima Al-Shahrour
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Center, CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Peña-Chilet
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013, Seville, Spain
- Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Seville, Spain
- Computational Systems Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Joaquín Dopazo
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013, Seville, Spain
- Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Seville, Spain
- Computational Systems Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Seville, Spain
- INB-ELIXIR-es, FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 42013, Seville, Spain
| | - Julio Sáez-Rodríguez
- Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-COMBINE), Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory-The European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SD, UK
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital and Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marta E Alarcón-Riquelme
- Genetics of Complex Diseases, GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Unit of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pedro Carmona-Sáez
- Bioinformatics Unit, GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Statistics, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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15
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Mori T, Kataoka H, Into T. Effect of Myd88 deficiency on gene expression profiling in salivary glands of female non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. J Oral Biosci 2021; 63:192-198. [PMID: 33933610 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory lesions in the salivary and lacrimal glands, which are caused by distinct lymphocytic infiltrates. Female non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice spontaneously develop inflammatory lesions of the salivary glands with SS-like pathological features. Previous studies have shown that MyD88, a crucial adaptor protein that activates innate immune signaling, affects lymphocytic infiltration, but its detailed role remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of MyD88 through gene expression profiling in the early phase of pathogenesis in the salivary glands of female NOD mice. METHODS Submandibular glands collected from 10-week-old female wild-type and Myd88-deficient NOD mice were used for RNA preparation, followed by microarray analysis. The microarray dataset was analyzed to identify Myd88-dependent differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Data generated were used for GO enrichment, KEGG pathway, STRING database, and INTERFEROME database analyses. RESULTS Myd88 deficiency was found to affect 230 DEGs, including SS-associated genes, such as Cxcl9 and Bpifa2. Most of the DEGs were identified as being involved in immunological processes. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the DEGs were putatively involved in autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, the DEGs included 149 interferon (IFN)-regulated genes. CONCLUSIONS MyD88 is involved in the expression of specific genes associated with IFN-associated immunopathological processes in the salivary glands of NOD mice. Our findings are important for understanding the role of MyD88-dependent innate immune signaling in SS manifestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Mori
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Division of Oral Infection Health Sciences, Asahi University School of Dentistry, 1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan
| | - Hideo Kataoka
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Division of Oral Infection Health Sciences, Asahi University School of Dentistry, 1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan
| | - Takeshi Into
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Division of Oral Infection Health Sciences, Asahi University School of Dentistry, 1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan.
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16
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Early Covert Appearance of Marginal Zone B Cells in Salivary Glands of Sjögren's Syndrome-Susceptible Mice: Initiators of Subsequent Overt Clinical Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041919. [PMID: 33671965 PMCID: PMC7919007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mouse model has been extensively studied to define the underlying cellular and molecular bioprocesses critical in the onset of primary Sjögren’s Syndrome (pSS), a human systemic autoimmune disease characterized clinically as the loss of lacrimal and salivary gland functions leading to dry eye and dry mouth pathologies. This mouse model, together with several gene knockout mouse models of SS, has indicated that B lymphocytes, especially marginal zone B (MZB) cells, are necessary for development and onset of clinical manifestations despite the fact that destruction of the lacrimal and salivary gland cells involves a classical T cell-mediated autoimmune response. Because migrations and functions of MZB cells are difficult to study in vivo, we have carried out ex vivo investigations that use temporal global RNA transcriptomic analyses to profile autoimmunity as it develops within the salivary glands of C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice. Temporal profiles indicate the appearance of Notch2-positive cells within the salivary glands of these SS-susceptible mice concomitant with the early-phase appearance of lymphocytic foci (LF). Data presented here identify cellular bioprocesses occurring during early immune cell migrations into the salivary glands and suggest MZB cells are recruited to the exocrine glands by the upregulated Cxcl13 chemokine where they recognize complement (C’)-decorated antigens via their sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and B cell (BC) receptors. Based on known MZB cell behavior and mobility, we propose that MZB cells activated in the salivary glands migrate to splenic follicular zones to present antigens to follicular macrophages and dendritic cells that, in turn, promote a subsequent systemic cell-mediated and autoantibody-mediated autoimmune T cell response that targets exocrine gland cells and functions. Overall, this study uses the power of transcriptomic analyses to provide greater insight into several molecular events defining cellular bioprocesses underlying SS that can be modelled and more thoroughly studied at the cellular level.
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17
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Oyelakin A, Horeth E, Song EAC, Min S, Che M, Marzullo B, Lessard CJ, Rasmussen A, Radfar L, Scofield RH, Lewis DM, Stone DU, Grundahl K, De Rossi SS, Kurago Z, Farris AD, Sivils KL, Sinha S, Kramer JM, Romano RA. Transcriptomic and Network Analysis of Minor Salivary Glands of Patients With Primary Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Immunol 2021; 11:606268. [PMID: 33488608 PMCID: PMC7821166 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.606268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized primarily by immune-mediated destruction of exocrine tissues, such as those of the salivary and lacrimal glands, resulting in the loss of saliva and tear production, respectively. This disease predominantly affects middle-aged women, often in an insidious manner with the accumulation of subtle changes in glandular function occurring over many years. Patients commonly suffer from pSS symptoms for years before receiving a diagnosis. Currently, there is no effective cure for pSS and treatment options and targeted therapy approaches are limited due to a lack of our overall understanding of the disease etiology and its underlying pathology. To better elucidate the underlying molecular nature of this disease, we have performed RNA-sequencing to generate a comprehensive global gene expression profile of minor salivary glands from an ethnically diverse cohort of patients with pSS. Gene expression analysis has identified a number of pathways and networks that are relevant in pSS pathogenesis. Moreover, our detailed integrative analysis has revealed a primary Sjögren’s syndrome molecular signature that may represent important players acting as potential drivers of this disease. Finally, we have established that the global transcriptomic changes in pSS are likely to be attributed not only to various immune cell types within the salivary gland but also epithelial cells which are likely playing a contributing role. Overall, our comprehensive studies provide a database-enriched framework and resource for the identification and examination of key pathways, mediators, and new biomarkers important in the pathogenesis of this disease with the long-term goals of facilitating earlier diagnosis of pSS and to mitigate or abrogate the progression of this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinsola Oyelakin
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Erich Horeth
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Eun-Ah Christine Song
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Sangwon Min
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Monika Che
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Brandon Marzullo
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Christopher J Lessard
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Astrid Rasmussen
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Lida Radfar
- College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - R Hal Scofield
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Department of Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - David M Lewis
- College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Donald U Stone
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Kiely Grundahl
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Scott S De Rossi
- Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Zoya Kurago
- Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - A Darise Farris
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Kathy L Sivils
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Satrajit Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jill M Kramer
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Rose-Anne Romano
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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18
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Turnier JL, Kahlenberg JM. The Role of Cutaneous Type I IFNs in Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2941-2950. [PMID: 33229366 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
IFNs are well known as mediators of the antimicrobial response but also serve as important immunomodulatory cytokines in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. An increasingly critical role for IFNs in evolution of skin inflammation in these patients has been recognized. IFNs are produced not only by infiltrating immune but also resident skin cells, with increased baseline IFN production priming for inflammatory cell activation, immune response amplification, and development of skin lesions. The IFN response differs by cell type and host factors and may be modified by other inflammatory pathway activation specific to individual diseases, leading to differing clinical phenotypes. Understanding the contribution of IFNs to skin and systemic disease pathogenesis is key to development of new therapeutics and improved patient outcomes. In this review, we summarize the immunomodulatory role of IFNs in skin, with a focus on type I, and provide insight into IFN dysregulation in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Turnier
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - J Michelle Kahlenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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19
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Biologic therapy in Sjögren's syndrome. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 40:2143-2154. [PMID: 33106929 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease with complex and diverse clinical manifestations. It is characterized by lymphocyte infiltration of exocrine glands such as the salivary gland and lacrimal gland leading to insufficient secretion of the gland, manifested as dry mouth and dry eyes. In addition, it can involve extraglandular organs and cause systemic damage. The pathogenesis of SS is still unclear. At present, symptomatic treatment is the mainstay and there is a lack of effective therapy. With the development of molecular pathways underlying the pathogenesis of SS, more and more novel biological agents are used to treat SS. We summarized and analyzed the existing evidences on the efficacy of biological treatment of SS and their targets. Analysis of the efficacy of biological therapy and improvement of treatment strategies can help to give full play to its therapeutic advantages.
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20
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Hile GA, Gudjonsson JE, Kahlenberg JM. The influence of interferon on healthy and diseased skin. Cytokine 2020; 132:154605. [PMID: 30527631 PMCID: PMC6551332 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) are an immunomodulatory class of cytokines that serve to protect against viral and bacterial infection. In addition, mounting evidence suggests IFNs, particularly type I but also IFNγ, are important to the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases, such as cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE). Understanding the role of IFNs is relevant to anti-viral responses in the skin, skin biology, and therapeutics for these IFN-related conditions. Type I IFNs (α and β) are produced by recruited inflammatory cells and by the epidermis itself (IFNκ) and have important roles in autoimmune and inflammatory skin disease. Here, we review the current literature utilizing a PubMed database search using terms [interferon/IFN/type I IFN AND lupus/ cutaneous lupus/CLE/dermatomyositis/Sjogrens/psoriasis/lichen planus/morphea/alopecia areata/vitiligo] with a focus on the role of IFNs in basic keratinocyte biology and their implications in the cutaneous autoimmune and inflammatory diseases: cutaneous lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, Sjogren's syndrome, psoriasis, lichen planus, alopecia areata and vitiligo. We provide information about genes and proteins induced by IFNs and how downstream mechanisms relate to clinical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A Hile
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Johann E Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - J Michelle Kahlenberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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21
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) virus in the pathogenesis of the primary Sjögren's syndrome. The article introduces the problem of consequences of EBV acute infection, and its reactivation, in association with the immune response modulation by the virus and with an increased risk of developing systemic autoimmune diseases and EBV-associated cancers. RECENT FINDINGS The knowledge about the mechanisms by which the virus may stay for years in a latent phase, unrecognized by the host response immune cells is constantly expanding. There are several mechanisms and theories about EBV influence on the autoimmune process in Sjogren's syndrome (pSS), including the similarity (molecular mimicry) between viral EBNA-2 protein and Ro-60 antigen or EBER-1 and EBER-2 viral proteins and La antigen. SUMMARY The influence of EBV infection on the development and course of pSS has been proven. It has also been established that both EBV and pSS result in the increased risk of tumor (especially lymphoma) development. In the light of these findings, new ways to manage EBV infections are being sought. Optimal methods for assessing EBV infection status are being devised. Research also aims at finding therapies, which target EBV through the inhibition of the autoimmune process and of viral activity. The present article is an attempt to discuss the most important phenomena and elements linking EBV infection to the primary Sjögren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maślińska
- National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Early Arthritis Clinic, Spartanska1, Warsaw, Poland
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22
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Vivino FB, Bunya VY, Massaro-Giordano G, Johr CR, Giattino SL, Schorpion A, Shafer B, Peck A, Sivils K, Rasmussen A, Chiorini JA, He J, Ambrus JL. Sjogren's syndrome: An update on disease pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and treatment. Clin Immunol 2019; 203:81-121. [PMID: 31022578 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick B Vivino
- Penn Sjögren's Center, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3737 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Vatinee Y Bunya
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 51 N. 39(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Giacomina Massaro-Giordano
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 51 N. 39(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Chadwick R Johr
- Penn Sjögren's Center, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3737 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Stephanie L Giattino
- Penn Sjögren's Center, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3737 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Annemarie Schorpion
- Penn Sjögren's Center, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3737 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Brian Shafer
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 51 N. 39(th) Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Ammon Peck
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 100125, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Kathy Sivils
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Astrid Rasmussen
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, OK 73104, USA.
| | - John A Chiorini
- NIH, Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Building 10, Room 1n113, 10 Center DR Msc 1190, Bethesda, MD 20892-1190, USA.
| | - Jing He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Julian L Ambrus
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
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23
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Barrera MJ, Aguilera S, Castro I, González S, Carvajal P, Molina C, Hermoso MA, González MJ. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in autoimmune diseases: Can altered protein quality control and/or unfolded protein response contribute to autoimmunity? A critical review on Sjögren's syndrome. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:796-808. [PMID: 29890347 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For many years, researchers in the field of autoimmunity have focused on the role of the immune components in the etiopathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. However, some studies have demonstrated the importance of target tissues in their pathogenesis and the breach of immune tolerance. The immune system as well as target tissue cells (plasmatic, β-pancreatic, fibroblast-like synoviocytes, thyroid follicular and epithelial cells of the lachrymal glands, salivary glands, intestine, bronchioles and renal tubules) share the characteristic of secretory cells with an extended endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The function of these cells depends considerably on a normal ER function and calcium homeostasis, so they can produce and secrete their main components, which include glycoproteins involved in antigenic presentation such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II. All these proteins are synthesized and modified in the ER, and for this reason disturbances in the normal functions of this organelle such as protein folding, protein quality control, calcium homeostasis and redox balance, promote accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins, a condition known as ER stress. Autoimmune diseases are characterized by inflammation, which has been associated with an ER stress condition. Interestingly, patients with these diseases contain circulating auto-antibodies against chaperone proteins (such as Calnexin and GRP94), thus affecting the folding and assembly of MHC class I and II glycoproteins and their loading with peptide. The main purpose of this article is to review the involvement of the protein quality control and unfolded protein response (UPR) in the ER protein homeostasis (proteostasis) and their alterations in autoimmune diseases. In addition, we describe the interaction between ER stress and inflammation and evidences are shown of how autoimmune diseases are associated with an ER stress condition, with a special emphasis on the second most prevalent autoimmune rheumatic disease, Sjögren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-José Barrera
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Aguilera
- Departamento de Reumatología, Clínica INDISA, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isabel Castro
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio González
- Escuela de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Carvajal
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Molina
- Escuela de Postgrado, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela A Hermoso
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María-Julieta González
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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24
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Unique glandular ex-vivo Th1 and Th17 receptor motifs in Sjögren's syndrome patients using single-cell analysis. Clin Immunol 2018; 192:58-67. [PMID: 29679709 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease in which the underlying cause has yet to be elucidated. The main objective of this study was to determine the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires of individual infiltrating T helper (Th)-1 and 17 cells of pSS patients using single-cell analysis. Single-cell analysis of ex-vivo infiltrating T cells demonstrated that pSS patients had higher frequencies of activated Th17 cells. Single-cell TCR sequencing revealed that TCRβ variable (TRBV)3-1/joint (J)1-2 (CLFLSMSACVW) and TRBV20-1/J1-1 (SVGSTAIPP*T) were expressed by activated Th1 and Th17 cells in both cohorts. Uniquely, TCRα variable (TRAV)8-2/J5 (VVSDTVLETAGE) was expressed by Th1 cells present only in patients and complementarity-determining region (CDR)3α-specific motif (LSTD*E) present in both Th1/Th17 cells. The study demonstrates that both activated Th1 and Th17 cells of pSS patients showed restricted clonal diversities of which two CDR3 motifs were present in controls and patients, with another two motifs unique to pSS.
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25
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Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a complex and heterogeneous disorder characterized by different clinical subsets. Recently, great efforts have been made searching for reliable biomarkers able to ameliorate the diagnostic algorithm and the prognostic stratification of pSS patients and ultimately allowing the scientific community to address some of the unmet needs for the disease. In this review, we have summarized the state of the art of 'traditional' widely acknowledged clinical, serological and histologic biomarkers for pSS with the aim of highlighting their relevance and limitations in clinical practice. We have also explored some of the novel potential biomarkers that have been proposed more recently, potentially able to open new ways in the assessment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Baldini
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferro
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Elena Elefante
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Stefano Bombardieri
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126, Italy
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26
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Ciechomska M, Skalska U. Targeting interferons as a strategy for systemic sclerosis treatment. Immunol Lett 2017; 195:45-54. [PMID: 29106987 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterised by vasculopathy, uncontrolled inflammation and enhanced fibrosis which can subsequently lead to the loss of organ function or even premature death. Interferons (IFNs) are pleiotropic cytokines that are critical not only in mounting an effective immune response against viral and bacterial infections but also strongly contribute to the pathogenesis of SSc. Furthermore, elevated levels of IFNs are found in SSc patients and correlate with skin thickness and disease activity suggesting potential role of IFNs as biomarkers. In this review, we summarise existing knowledge regarding all types of IFNs and IFN-inducible genes in the pathogenesis of SSc. We then argue why IFN-blocking strategies are promising therapeutic targets in SSc and other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Ciechomska
- National Institute of Geriatrics Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Skalska
- National Institute of Geriatrics Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
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27
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Psarras A, Emery P, Vital EM. Type I interferon-mediated autoimmune diseases: pathogenesis, diagnosis and targeted therapy. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 56:1662-1675. [PMID: 28122959 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-Is) are a group of molecules with pleiotropic effects on the immune system forming a crucial link between innate and adaptive immune responses. Apart from their important role in antiviral immunity, IFN-Is are increasingly recognized as key players in autoimmune CTDs such as SLE. Novel therapies that target IFN-I appear effective in SLE in early trials, but effectiveness is related to the presence of IFN-I biomarkers. IFN-I biomarkers may also act as positive or negative predictors of response to other biologics. Despite the high failure rate of clinical trials in SLE, subgroups of patients often respond better. Fully optimizing the potential of these agents is therefore likely to require stratification of patients using IFN-I and other biomarkers. This suggests the unified concept of type I IFN-mediated autoimmune diseases as a grouping including patients with a variety of different traditional diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Psarras
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Unit.,Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Paul Emery
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Unit.,Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Edward M Vital
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Unit.,Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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28
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Wanchoo A, Voigt A, Sukumaran S, Stewart CM, Bhattacharya I, Nguyen CQ. Single-cell analysis reveals sexually dimorphic repertoires of Interferon-γ and IL-17A producing T cells in salivary glands of Sjögren's syndrome mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12512. [PMID: 28970488 PMCID: PMC5624952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12627-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is a dynamic and temporal process with a female predilection. Following the initial influx of immune cells, T cell clusters develop, accelerating the pathology in the salivary glands. Proinflammatory cytokines, IFN-γ and IL-17A, produced by T cells contribute synergistically to the disease. In this study, we examined the sexual dimorphism in cellular infiltrates of the salivary glands by using functional single-cell microengraving analysis. Using high-throughput sequencing, we investigated the clonal diversity of the T cell receptors (TCRs) of infiltrating IFN-γ and IL-17A-producing T cells in male and female SjS-susceptible (SjSs) C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice. There were elevated frequencies of IFN-γ and IL-17A-producing effector T cell populations in female SjSS mice compared to male SjSS mice. MEME analysis shows high frequency and unique, sexually dimorphic motifs in the TCR hypervariable regions in the SjSS mice. Male mice selected for TRAV8/TRAJ52 (CATDLNTGANTGKLTFG) TCR genes in Th1 cells and TRBV16/(TRBD1/2)TRBJ1-7 (CGGKRRLESIFR) in Th1 and Th17 cells. Female SjSS mice selected for TRAV8/TRAJ52 (CATDLNTGANTGKLTFG), TRAV13D-2/TRAJ23 (CVYLEHHFE), and TRBV23/(TRBD2)TRBJ2-2 (CRKLHSCATCALNFL) in Th1 cells. These findings suggest that there is an elevated prevalence of pathogenic effector T cells in the glands with a sexually dimorphic selection bias of TCR repertoires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Wanchoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville Florida, USA
| | - Alexandria Voigt
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville Florida, USA
| | - Sukesh Sukumaran
- Rheumatology Section, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock Arkansas, USA
| | - Carol M Stewart
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, Gainesville Florida, USA
- Center of Orphaned Autoimmune Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville Florida, USA
| | - Indraneel Bhattacharya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, Gainesville Florida, USA
- Center of Orphaned Autoimmune Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville Florida, USA
| | - Cuong Q Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville Florida, USA.
- Department of Oral Biology, Gainesville Florida, USA.
- Center of Orphaned Autoimmune Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville Florida, USA.
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29
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Peck AB, Nguyen CQ. What can Sjögren's syndrome-like disease in mice contribute to human Sjögren's syndrome? Clin Immunol 2017; 182:14-23. [PMID: 28478104 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For decades, Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and Sjögren's syndrome-like (SS-like) disease in patients and mouse models, respectively, have been intensely investigated in attempts to identify the underlying etiologies, the pathophysiological changes defining disease phenotypes, the nature of the autoimmune responses, and the propensity for developing B cell lymphomas. An emerging question is whether the generation of a multitude of mouse models and the data obtained from their studies is actually important to the understanding of the human disease and potential interventional therapies. In this brief report, we comment on how and why mouse models can stimulate interest in specific lines of research that apparently parallel aspects of human SS. Focusing on two mouse models, NOD and B6·Il14α, we present the possible relevance of mouse models to human SS, highlighting a few selected disease-associated biological processes that have baffled both SS and SS-like investigations for decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammon B Peck
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; Center for Orphan Autoimmune Disorders, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
| | - Cuong Q Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; Center for Orphan Autoimmune Disorders, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, FL 32608, USA
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30
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Maria NI, Steenwijk EC, IJpma AS, van Helden-Meeuwsen CG, Vogelsang P, Beumer W, Brkic Z, van Daele PLA, van Hagen PM, van der Spek PJ, Drexhage HA, Versnel MA. Contrasting expression pattern of RNA-sensing receptors TLR7, RIG-I and MDA5 in interferon-positive and interferon-negative patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 76:721-730. [PMID: 27672125 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The interferon (IFN) type I signature is present in over half of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and associated with higher disease-activity and autoantibody presence. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are considered as the main source of enhanced IFN type I expression. The objective of this study was to unravel the molecular pathways underlying IFN type I bioactivity in pDCs of patients with pSS. METHODS Blood samples from 42 healthy controls (HC) and 115 patients with pSS were stratified according to their IFN type I signature. CD123+BDCA4+ pDCs and CD14+ monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Genome-wide microarray analysis was conducted on sorted pDCs in a small sample set, followed by validation of differentially expressed genes of interest in pDCs and monocytes. RESULTS We found an upregulation of endosomal toll-like receptor (TLR) 7, but not TLR9, in IFN-positive (IFNpos) pDCs (p<0.05) and monocytes (p=0.024). Additionally, the downstream signalling molecules MyD88, RSAD2 and IRF7 were upregulated, as were the cytoplasmic RNA-sensing receptors DDX58/retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) and IFIH1/melanoma differentiation associated gene-5 (MDA5). In vitro triggering of the TLR7-pathway in HC PBMCs induced upregulation of DDX58/RIG-I and IFIH1/MDA5, and downregulated TLR9. The upregulation of TLR7, its downstream signalling pathway, DDX58/RIG-I and IFIH1/MDA5 were confined to patients with IFN-positive pSS. IFN-negative patients had a contrasting expression pattern-TLR7 normal, and decreased TLR9, RIG-I and MDA5. CONCLUSIONS Here we conclude a contrasting expression pattern of the RNA-sensing receptors TLR7, RIG-I and MDA5 in pDCs and monocytes of patients with IFNpos pSS. This profile could explain the pathogenic IFN production and might reveal novel therapeutic targets in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi I Maria
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arne S IJpma
- Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Petra Vogelsang
- Department of Clinical Science, Broegelmann Research Laboratory, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Wouter Beumer
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zana Brkic
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul L A van Daele
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Martin van Hagen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hemmo A Drexhage
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjan A Versnel
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Upregulation of long noncoding RNA TMEVPG1 enhances T helper type 1 cell response in patients with Sjögren syndrome. Immunol Res 2016; 64:489-96. [PMID: 26440590 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8715-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) play key roles in regulating autoimmunity and immunity balance. LncRNA TMEVPG1, which is encoded by a gene located near the Ifn gene, contributes to interferon gamma expression. We investigated the expression of TMEVPG1 in patients with Sjögren syndrome (SS) to determine its role in the pathogenesis of SS. In this study, we detected the relative expression of TMEVPG1 in CD4(+) T cells of 25 SS patients and 25 healthy donors. Moreover, the proportion of Th1 cells and T-bet levels was also analyzed. Furthermore, we explored the correlation between the expression of TMEVPG1 and the level of autoantibodies, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and IgG in SS patients. Our results indicated that the proportion of Th1 cells and the levels of TMEVPG1 and T-bet were increased in SS patients. In addition, the level of expression of TMEVPG1 was correlated with the level of SSA, ESR and IgG. Our data suggest that upregulation of lncRNA TMEVPG1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of Sjögren syndrome.
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Barrera MJ, Aguilera S, Castro I, Cortés J, Bahamondes V, Quest AFG, Molina C, González S, Hermoso M, Urzúa U, Leyton C, González MJ. Pro-inflammatory cytokines enhance ERAD and ATF6α pathway activity in salivary glands of Sjögren's syndrome patients. J Autoimmun 2016; 75:68-81. [PMID: 27461470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Salivary gland (SG) acinar-cells are susceptible to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress related to their secretory activity and the complexity of synthesized secretory products. SGs of Sjögren's syndrome patients (SS)-patients show signs of inflammation and altered proteostasis, associated with low IRE1α/XBP-1 pathway activity without avert increases in apoptosis. Acinar-cells may avoid apoptosis by activation of the ATF6α pathway and ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in ATF6α pathway/ERAD activation and cell viability in labial salivary glands (LSG) of SS-patients. In biopsies from SS-patients increased ATF6α signaling pathway activity, as evidenced by generation of the ATF6f cleavage fragment, and increased expression of ERAD machinery components, such as EDEM1, p97, SEL1L, gp78, UBE2J1, UBE2G2, HERP and DERLIN1, were observed compared to controls. Alternatively, for pro- (active-caspase-3) and anti-apoptotic (cIAP2) markers no significant difference between the two experimental groups was detected. Increased presence of ATF6f and ERAD molecules correlated significantly with increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These observations were corroborated in vitro in 3D-acini treated with TNF-α and/or IFN-γ, where an increase in the expression and activation of the ATF6α sensor and ERAD machinery components was detected under ER stress conditions, while changes in cell viability and caspase-3 activation were not observed. Cytokine stimulation protected cells from death when co-incubated with an ERAD machinery inhibitor. Alternatively, when cytokines were eliminated from the medium prior to ERAD inhibition, cell death increased, suggesting that the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the medium is essential to maintain cell viability. In conclusion, the ATF6α pathway and the ERAD machinery are active in LSG of SS-patients. Both were also activated by TNF-α and IFN-γ in vitro in 3D-acini and aided in preventing apoptosis. IFN-γ levels were elevated in SS-patients and UPR responses triggered in vitro by this cytokine closely matched those observed in LSG from SS-patients, suggesting that cytokines may induce ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-José Barrera
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Aguilera
- Departamento de Reumatología, Clínica INDISA, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isabel Castro
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Cortés
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Verónica Bahamondes
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrew F G Quest
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Molina
- Escuela Dental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio González
- Escuela Dental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Hermoso
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ulises Urzúa
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Leyton
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María-Julieta González
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Uomori K, Nozawa K, Ikeda K, Doe K, Yamada Y, Yamaguchi A, Fujishiro M, Kawasaki M, Morimoto S, Takamori K, Sekigawa I, Chan EKL, Takasaki Y. A re-evaluation of anti-NA-14 antibodies in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome: Significant role of interferon-γ in the production of autoantibodies against NA-14. Autoimmunity 2016; 49:347-56. [PMID: 27328271 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2016.1196676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel autoantibodies against nuclear antigen of 14 kDa (NA-14)/Sjögren's syndrome nuclear antigen-1 (SSNA-1) are predominantly recognized in sera of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). However, the detailed characteristics of the anti-NA-14 antibody remain unknown. Here, we sought to clarify the characteristics of anti-SSNA-1/NA-14 antibodies and the mechanisms of autoantibody production using sera from patients with connective tissue diseases (including pSS), autoimmune sera reacting with standard autoantigens (SS-A/Ro and/or SS-B/La, ds DNA, Scl-70 and Jo-1), and normal healthy controls (NHCs). Anti-NA-14 antibodies were predominantly recognized in sera from patients with pSS and in autoimmune sera reacting with thSS-A/Ro and/or -SS-B/Lo. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis showed that NA-14 was strongly expressed in mitotic-phase cells. Patients with pSS having anti-NA-14 antibodies exhibited significant elevation of serum IP-10 and BAFF compared to that in patients with pSS without anti-NA-14 antibodies and NHCs. Thus, our data demonstrated that anti-NA-14 antibodies could be classified as novel autoantibodies reacting with mitosis-related autoantigens predominantly recognized in pSS. Moreover, interferon-γ played an important role in the production of anti-NA-14 autoantibodies as patients with pSS having anti-NA-14 antibodies exhibited increased serum levels of IP-10 and BAFF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Uomori
- a Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology , Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nozawa
- a Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology , Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Keigo Ikeda
- b Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Urayasu , Japan , and
| | - Kentaro Doe
- a Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology , Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamada
- a Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology , Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ayako Yamaguchi
- a Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology , Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Maki Fujishiro
- b Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Urayasu , Japan , and
| | - Mikiko Kawasaki
- b Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Urayasu , Japan , and
| | - Shinji Morimoto
- b Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Urayasu , Japan , and
| | - Kenji Takamori
- b Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Urayasu , Japan , and
| | - Iwao Sekigawa
- b Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine , Urayasu , Japan , and
| | - Edward K L Chan
- c Department of Oral Biology , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Yoshinari Takasaki
- a Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology , Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University , Tokyo , Japan
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Weller ML, Gardener MR, Bogus ZC, Smith MA, Astorri E, Michael DG, Michael DA, Zheng C, Burbelo PD, Lai Z, Wilson PA, Swaim W, Handelman B, Afione SA, Bombardieri M, Chiorini JA. Hepatitis Delta Virus Detected in Salivary Glands of Sjögren's Syndrome Patients and Recapitulates a Sjögren's Syndrome-Like Phenotype in Vivo. Pathog Immun 2016; 1:12-40. [PMID: 27294212 PMCID: PMC4902173 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v1i1.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Low-level, chronic viral infections have been suspect in the development of select autoimmune diseases, including primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Multiple studies have shown stimulation of antiviral response pathways in pSS tissues suggestive of a viral infection. Yet, with this data in hand, a causal link between a viral infection and development of pSS had not been identified. Therefore, a study was designed to further define the viral landscape within pSS-affected salivary gland tissue to identify potential viral-mediated triggers in the pathogenesis of this autoimmune disease. Methods: A viral microarray was utilized to measure viral transcripts present in salivary gland tissue from patients diagnosed with pSS compared to healthy controls. Murine models of salivary gland localized HDV antigen expression were developed to evaluate the capacity of a chronic HDV signature to trigger the development of a pSS-like phenotype. Results: Through this analysis, two distinct viral profiles were identified, including the increased presence of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) in 50% of pSS patients evaluated. Presence of HDV antigen and sequence were confirmed in minor salivary gland tissue. Patients with elevated HDV levels in salivary gland tissue were negative for detectible hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen and antibodies to HBV or HDV. Expression of HDV antigens in vivo resulted in reduced stimulated saliva flow, increase in focal lymphocytic infiltrates, and development of autoantibodies. Conclusion: Identification of HDV in pSS patients and induction of a complete pSS-like phenotype in vivo provides further support of a viral-mediated etiopathology in the development of pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melodie L Weller
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Matthew R Gardener
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Zoe C Bogus
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Michael A Smith
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Elisa Astorri
- Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Drew G Michael
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Donald A Michael
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Changyu Zheng
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Peter D Burbelo
- Dental Clinical Research Core, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Zhennan Lai
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Paul A Wilson
- National Intramural Database, Division of Enterprise and Custom Applications, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - William Swaim
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Beverly Handelman
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Sandra A Afione
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Michele Bombardieri
- Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - John A Chiorini
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Karageorgas T, Fragioudaki S, Nezos A, Karaiskos D, Moutsopoulos HM, Mavragani CP. Fatigue in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: Clinical, Laboratory, Psychometric, and Biologic Associations. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2016; 68:123-31. [PMID: 26315379 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify independent contributors of fatigue in primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) patients, taking into account clinical, laboratory, and psychological features, and to explore the potential role of interferon (IFN)-induced gene indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO-1), anti-21-hydroxylase (anti-21[OH]) antibodies, and soluble BAFF. METHODS Detailed clinical and laboratory characteristics were recorded for 106 primary SS patients. The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue, Zung Depression Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Scale, and Athens Insomnia Scale were adopted to assess fatigue, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances, respectively. Peripheral whole blood expression levels of IDO-1, as well as type I and II IFN-induced genes were calculated using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Serum anti-21(OH) antibodies and soluble BAFF levels were determined by a radioimmunoassay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Univariate and multivariate models were performed to identify determinants of fatigue. RESULTS Fatigue was detected in 32 of 106 (30.2%) primary SS patients. In univariate analysis, fatigue was associated with arthralgias/myalgias, fibromyalgia hydroxychloroquine therapy, both state and trait anxiety scores, depression, and neuroticism, as well as impaired sleep patterns. Multivariate analysis revealed neuroticism (odds ratio [OR] 6.9, [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.7-28.0]), depression (OR 3.0 [95% CI 0.8-11.0]), and fibromyalgia (OR 5.5 [95% CI 1.1-27.7]) as independent fatigue contributors. Soluble BAFF levels, anti-21(OH) autoantibodies, and IDO-1 messenger RNA expression did not significantly differ between fatigued and nonfatigued primary SS patients. CONCLUSION Depression, neuroticism, and fibromyalgia play a major role in primary SS-associated fatigue and should be addressed in clinical practice, with active collaboration between rheumatologists and mental health professionals. Further studies are warranted in order to explore underlying pathophysiologic pathways that might explain fatigue in the setting of primary SS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adrianos Nezos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Saadeh D, Kurban M, Abbas O. Update on the role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in inflammatory/autoimmune skin diseases. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:415-21. [PMID: 26837058 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) represent a specialized dendritic cell population that exhibit plasma cell morphology, express CD4, CD123, blood-derived dendritic cell antigen-2 (BDCA-2) and Toll-like receptor (TLR)7 and TLR9 within endosomal compartments. When activated, pDCs are capable of producing large quantities of type I IFNs (mainly IFN-α/β), which provide antiviral resistance and link the innate and adaptive immunity. While generally lacking from normal skin, pDCs infiltrate the skin and appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory, infectious (especially viral) and neoplastic entities. In recent years, pDC role in inflammatory/autoimmune skin conditions has been extensively studied. Unlike type I IFN-mediated protective immunity that pDCs provide at the level of the skin by regulated sensing of microbial or self-nucleic acids upon skin damage, excessive sensing may elicit IFN-driven inflammatory/autoimmune diseases. In this review, focus will be on the role of pDCs in cutaneous inflammatory/autoimmune dermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Saadeh
- Dermatology Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mazen Kurban
- Dermatology Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ossama Abbas
- Dermatology Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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37
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Alunno A, Caneparo V, Bistoni O, Caterbi S, Terenzi R, Gariglio M, Bartoloni E, Manzo A, Landolfo S, Gerli R. Circulating Interferon-Inducible Protein IFI16 Correlates With Clinical and Serological Features in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2016; 68:440-5. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.22695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Manzo
- IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation/University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
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38
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Brandt JE, Priori R, Valesini G, Fairweather D. Sex differences in Sjögren's syndrome: a comprehensive review of immune mechanisms. Biol Sex Differ 2015; 6:19. [PMID: 26535108 PMCID: PMC4630965 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-015-0037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are estimated to affect between 5 and 8 % of the US population, and approximately 80 % of these patients are women. Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is an AD that occurs predominately in women over men (16:1). The hallmark characteristic of SS is diminished secretory production from the primary exocrine gland and the lacrimal or salivary glands resulting in symptoms of dry eye and mouth. The disease is believed to be mediated by an inflammatory and autoantibody response directed against salivary and lacrimal gland tissues. This review will examine the literature on sex differences in the immune response of patients and animal models of Sjögren’s syndrome in order to gain a better understanding of disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Brandt
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA ; Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialita Mediche, Sapienza Universita di Roma, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Priori
- Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialita Mediche, Sapienza Universita di Roma, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Valesini
- Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialita Mediche, Sapienza Universita di Roma, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - DeLisa Fairweather
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA ; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
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39
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Voigt A, Esfandiary L, Nguyen CQ. Sexual dimorphism in an animal model of Sjögren's syndrome: a potential role for Th17 cells. Biol Open 2015; 4:1410-9. [PMID: 26453623 PMCID: PMC4728356 DOI: 10.1242/bio.013771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome is a complex autoimmune disease with an array of diverse immunological, genetic and environmental etiologies, making identification of the precise autoimmune mechanism difficult to define. One of the most distinctive aspects of Sjögren's syndrome is the high sexual dimorphism with women affected 10-20 times more than men. It is nearly impossible to study the sexual dimorphic development of Sjögren's syndrome in human patients; therefore it is pertinent to develop an appropriate animal model which resembles human disease. The data indicated that female C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice developed an earlier onset of sialadenitis with a higher composition of CD3+ T cells and a 10-fold increase in glandular infiltration of Th17 cells at the onset of clinical disease compared to male mice. Inflammatory Th17 cells of female mice exhibited a stronger proliferation in response to disease-specific antigen than their male counterpart. At the clinical disease stage, altered autoantibody patterns can be detected in females whereas they are seldom observed in male C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice. Interestingly, male C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice developed an earlier loss of secretory function, despite the fact that female C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice exhibited a more rapid secretory loss. This data indicates the strong sexual dimorphism in the SjS-susceptible C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 animal model, making it an appropriate animal model to examine human disease. Summary: Sjogren's syndrome (SjS) is the one of the most common sexual dimorphic autoimmune diseases. This study demonstrates that female C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice develop earlier onset and more severe symptoms of SjS than male counterparts. Therefore, the C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mouse model could be an appropriate model to study sexual dimorphism in SjS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Voigt
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Lida Esfandiary
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Cuong Q Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA Center for Orphan Autoimmune Disorders, University of Florida College of Dentistry, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
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40
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Alunno A, Caneparo V, Carubbi F, Bistoni O, Caterbi S, Bartoloni E, Giacomelli R, Gariglio M, Landolfo S, Gerli R. Interferon gamma-inducible protein 16 in primary Sjögren's syndrome: a novel player in disease pathogenesis? Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:208. [PMID: 26271464 PMCID: PMC4536589 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0722-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is evidence that interferon is involved in the pathogenesis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). The interferon-inducible IFI16 protein, normally expressed in cell nuclei, may be overexpressed, mislocalized in the cytoplasm and secreted in the extracellular milieu in several autoimmune disorders. This leads to tolerance breaking to this self-protein with consequent development of anti-IFI16 antibodies. The aim of this study was to identify the pathogenic and clinical significance of IFI16 and anti-IFI16 in pSS. Methods IFI16 and anti-IFI16 were assessed in the serum of 67 pSS patients and over 100 healthy donors by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IFI16 was also evaluated by immunohistochemistry in minor salivary glands of 15 pSS patients and 10 subjects with sicca symptoms but without any clinical, serological or histological features of pSS. Results pSS patients display higher serum levels of both IFI16 and anti-IFI16 compared to healthy donors. IFI16 concentration was directly correlated with disease duration and focus score and inversely correlated with age at diagnosis. Moreover, IFI16 positivity was associated with concurrent positivity for rheumatoid factor. Interestingly, the direct correlation between IFI16 positivity and focus score was independent of disease duration and age at diagnosis. pSS minor salivary glands display marked expression and cytoplasmic mislocalization of IFI16 by acinar and ductal epithelial cells as well as infiltrating lymphocytes and peri/intralesional endothelium compared to minor salivary glands with normal architecture or nonspecific chronic sialadenitis. Within the mononuclear cell infiltrate, IFI16 expression appears to parallel the distribution of T lymphocytes. Conclusion Our data suggest that the IFI16 protein may be involved in the pathogenesis of glandular inflammation occurring in pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Alunno
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Valeria Caneparo
- Virology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Novara Medical School, Novara, Italy.
| | - Francesco Carubbi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Onelia Bistoni
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Sara Caterbi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Elena Bartoloni
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Roberto Giacomelli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Marisa Gariglio
- Virology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, Novara Medical School, Novara, Italy.
| | - Santo Landolfo
- Viral Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Turin Medical School, Turin, Italy.
| | - Roberto Gerli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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Type I and II interferon signatures in Sjogren's syndrome pathogenesis: Contributions in distinct clinical phenotypes and Sjogren's related lymphomagenesis. J Autoimmun 2015; 63:47-58. [PMID: 26183766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Both type I and II interferons (IFNs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Sjogren's syndrome (SS). We aimed to explore the contribution of type I and II IFN signatures in the generation of distinct SS clinical phenotypes including lymphoma development. Peripheral blood (PB) from SS patients (n = 31), SS patients complicated by lymphoma (n = 13) and healthy controls (HC, n = 30) were subjected to real-time PCR for 3 interferon inducible genes (IFIGs) preferentially induced by type I IFN, 2 IFIGs preferentially induced by IFNγ as well as for IFNα and IFNγ genes. The same analysis was performed in minor salivary gland tissues (MSG) derived from 31 SS patients, 10 SS-lymphoma patients and 17 sicca controls (SC). In PB and MSG tissues, overexpression of both type I and type II IFIGs was observed in SS patients versus HC and SC, respectively, with a predominance of type I IFN signature in PB and a type II IFN signature in MSG tissues. In SS-lymphoma MSG tissues, lower IFNα, but higher IFNγ and type II IFIG transcripts compared to both SS and SC were observed. In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, IFNγ/IFNα mRNA ratio in MSG tissues showed the best discrimination for lymphoma development. Discrete expression patterns of type I and II IFN signatures might be related to distinct SS clinical phenotypes. Additionally, IFNγ/IFNα mRNA ratio in diagnostic salivary gland biopsies is proposed as a novel histopathological biomarker for the prediction of in situ lymphoma development in the setting of SS.
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Maria NI, Vogelsang P, Versnel MA. The clinical relevance of animal models in Sjögren's syndrome: the interferon signature from mouse to man. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:172. [PMID: 26137972 PMCID: PMC4490668 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse models have been widely used to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of human diseases. The advantages of using these models include the ability to study different stages of the disease with particular respect to specific target organs, to focus on the role of specific pathogenic factors and to investigate the effect of possible therapeutic interventions. Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease, characterised by lymphocytic infiltrates in the salivary and lacrimal glands. To date, effective therapy is not available and treatment has been mainly symptomatic. Ongoing studies in murine models are aimed at developing more effective and targeted therapies in SS. The heterogeneity of SS will most probably benefit from optimising therapies, tailored to specific subgroups of the disease. In this review, we provide our perspective on the importance of subdividing SS patients according to their interferon signature, and recommend choosing appropriate mouse models for interferon-positive and interferon-negative SS subtypes. Murine models better resembling human-disease phenotypes will be essential in this endeavour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi I Maria
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Petra Vogelsang
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, N-5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marjan A Versnel
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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43
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Liu Y, Yin H, Zhao M, Lu Q. TLR2 and TLR4 in autoimmune diseases: a comprehensive review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2015; 47:136-47. [PMID: 24352680 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-013-8402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are immune disorders characterized by T cell hyperactivity and B cell overstimulation leading to overproduction of autoantibodies. Although the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases remains to be elucidated, environmental factors have been thought to contribute to the initiation and maintenance of auto-respond inflammation. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors belonging to innate immunity that recognize and defend invading microorganisms. Besides these exogenous pathogen-associated molecular patterns, TLRs can also bind with damage-associated molecular patterns produced under strike or by tissue damage or cells apoptosis. It is believed that TLRs build a bridge between innate immunity and autoimmunity. There are five adaptors to TLRs including MyD88, TRIF, TIRAP/MAL, TRAM, and SARM. Upon activation, TLRs recruit specific adaptors to initiate the downstream signaling pathways leading to the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Under certain circumstances, ligation of TLRs drives to aberrant activation and unrestricted inflammatory responses, thereby contributing to the perpetuation of inflammation in autoimmune diseases. In the past, most studies focused on the intracellular TLRs, such as TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9, but recent studies reveal that cell surface TLRs, especially TLR2 and TLR4, also play an essential role in the development of autoimmune diseases and afford multiple therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarized the biological characteristics, signaling mechanisms of TLR2/4, the negative regulators of TLR2/4 pathway, and the pivotal function of TLR2/4 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, Sjogren's syndrome, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, and autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, #139 Renmin Middle Rd, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
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44
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Johnson HM. Gamma interferon: from antimicrobial activity to immune regulation. Front Immunol 2015; 5:667. [PMID: 25601864 PMCID: PMC4283431 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Howard M. Johnson
- Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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45
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Nannini V. Metabolic and autoimmune syndromes. Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2014; 22:123-34. [PMID: 25171994 DOI: 10.1016/j.cxom.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Nannini
- Private Practice, Long Island Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, P.C., 134 Mineola Boulevard, Mineola, New York 11501, USA; Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nassau University Medical Center, 2201 Hempstead Turnpike, East Meadow, New York 11554, USA.
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46
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Yang L, Bai L, Wei F, Pang C, Wang X, Wang Y, Liu X. Autoantibodies against interferon-γ reduce the frequency of pulmonary fibrosis and concentration of C-reactive protein in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Mod Rheumatol 2014; 25:325-7. [PMID: 25036231 DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2014.934418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing , P. R. China
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47
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Ciccia F, Guggino G, Giardina A, Ferrante A, Carrubbi F, Giacomelli R, Triolo G. The role of innate and lymphoid IL-22-producing cells in the immunopathology of primary Sjögren's syndrome. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:533-41. [PMID: 24490899 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.884461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) a complex of interconnections between epithelial barrier, innate and adaptive immunity occurs. IL-22 is a pleiotropic cytokine that in pSS may be placed at the intersection of the adaptive and innate branches of immunity. Some evidence suggests that, in pSS, IL-22 may play a prominent pro-inflammatory role driving the early phase of tissue and systemic inflammation and participating in the self-perpetuation of disease. Despite contradictory data in literature about the role of NK cells in pSS, recent data also suggest an important contribution of this subset of cells of the innate immune system in the development and perpetuation of inflammation. Here, we discuss the role of IL-22 in the pathogenesis of pSS and in epithelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ciccia
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Università degli Studi di Palermo Palermo, Italy
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48
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Mongini PKA, Kramer JM, Ishikawa TO, Herschman H, Esposito D. Candidate chromosome 1 disease susceptibility genes for Sjogren's syndrome xerostomia are narrowed by novel NOD.B10 congenic mice. Clin Immunol 2014; 153:79-90. [PMID: 24685748 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is characterized by salivary gland leukocytic infiltrates and impaired salivation (xerostomia). Cox-2 (Ptgs2) is located on chromosome 1 within the span of the Aec2 region. In an attempt to demonstrate that COX-2 drives antibody-dependent hyposalivation, NOD.B10 congenic mice bearing a Cox-2flox gene were generated. A congenic line with non-NOD alleles in Cox-2-flanking genes failed manifest xerostomia. Further backcrossing yielded disease-susceptible NOD.B10 Cox-2flox lines; fine genetic mapping determined that critical Aec2 genes lie within a 1.56 to 2.17Mb span of DNA downstream of Cox-2. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that susceptible and non-susceptible lines exhibit non-synonymous coding SNPs in 8 protein-encoding genes of this region, thereby better delineating candidate Aec2 alleles needed for SS xerostomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia K A Mongini
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
| | - Jill M Kramer
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
| | - Tomo-O Ishikawa
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 341 Boyer Hall (MBI), 611 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Harvey Herschman
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 341 Boyer Hall (MBI), 611 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Donna Esposito
- Charles River Laboratories, Genetic Testing Services, 185 Jordan Road, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
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49
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Pollard KM, Cauvi DM, Toomey CB, Morris KV, Kono DH. Interferon-γ and systemic autoimmunity. DISCOVERY MEDICINE 2013; 16:123-131. [PMID: 23998448 PMCID: PMC3934799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The term interferon describes a family of proteins consisting of three major types (I, II, and III) which differ in their primary protein sequences, cognate receptors, genetic loci, and cell types responsible for their production. The interferons, including types I and II, overlap significantly in the genes they control resulting in a shared spectrum of diverse biological effects which includes regulation of both the innate and adaptive immune responses. As such, the interferons are major effectors in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity, especially systemic autoimmunity. The type I IFNs, because they are produced during the early stages of the innate immune response, are thought to play the foremost role in autoimmune responses. However, numerous studies have found that the single type II IFN, IFN-γ, plays an essential role in the development and severity of systemic autoimmunity, particularly systemic lupus erythematosus. This is supported by animal studies where IFN-γ is uniformly required in both spontaneous and induced models of lupus. Although expression of IFN-γ in cells of the innate immune system is almost immediate after activation, expression in adaptive immunity requires a complex orchestration of cellular interactions, signaling events, and epigenetic modifications. The multifaceted nature of IFN-γ in adaptive immunity identifies numerous possible therapeutic targets that, because of the essential contribution of IFN-γ to systemic autoimmunity, have the potential for producing benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M Pollard
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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