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Rubino G, Yörük E. Immunosenescence, immunotolerance and rejection: clinical aspects in solid organ transplantation. Transpl Immunol 2024; 86:102068. [PMID: 38844001 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2024.102068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
As a consequence of increased lifespan and rising number of elderly individuals developing end-stage organ disease, the higher demand for organs along with a growing availability for organs from older donors pose new challenges for transplantation. During aging, dynamic adaptations in the functionality and structure of the biological systems occur. Consistently, immunosenescence (IS) accounts for polydysfunctions within the lymphocyte subsets, and the onset of a basal but persistent systemic inflammation characterized by elevated levels of pro-inflammatory mediators. There is an emerging consensus about a causative link between such hallmarks and increased susceptibility to morbidities and mortality, however the role of IS in solid organ transplantation (SOT) remains loosely addressed. Dissecting the immune-architecture of immunologically-privileged sites may prompt novel insights to extend allograft survival. A deeper comprehension of IS in SOT might unveil key standpoints for the clinical management of transplanted patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella Rubino
- University Hospital Tübingen, Department of Tropical Medicine, Wilhelmstraße 27, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Ulm and Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Efdal Yörük
- Berit Klinik, Gastrointestinal Center, Florastrasse 1, 9403 Goldach, Switzerland; University Hospital Tübingen, Department of Ophthalmology, Elfriede-Alhorn-Straße 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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2
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Pedroso RB, Torres L, Ventura LA, Camatta GC, Mota C, Mendes AC, Ribeiro F, Guimarães HC, Barbuto RC, Caixeta F, Nascimento LS, Oliveira MA, Martins VD, Silveira-Nunes G, Tupinambás U, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Graça L, Faria AMC. Rapid progression of CD8 and CD4 T cells to cellular exhaustion and senescence during SARS-CoV2 infection. J Leukoc Biol 2024:qiae180. [PMID: 39298288 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Risk factors for the development of severe COVID-19 include several comorbidities, but age was the most striking one since elderly people were disproportionately affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among the reasons for this markedly unfavorable response in the elderly, immunosenescence and inflammaging appear as major drivers of this outcome. A finding that was also notable was that hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 have an accumulation of senescent T cells, suggesting that immunosenescence may be aggravated by SARS-CoV-2 infection. The present work was designed to examine whether these immunosenescence changes are characteristic of COVID-19 and whether it is dependent on disease severity using cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Our cross-sectional data show that COVID-19, but not other respiratory infections, rapidly increased cellular senescence and exhaustion in CD4 and CD8 T cells during early infection. In addition, longitudinal analyses with patients from Brazil and Portugal provided evidence of increased frequencies of senescent and exhausted T cells over a 7-d period in patients with mild/moderate and severe COVID-19. Altogether, the study suggests that accelerated immunosenescence in CD4 and especially CD8 T-cell compartments may represent a common and unique outcome of SARS-CoV2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Balsinha Pedroso
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lícia Torres
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Araújo Ventura
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Caliman Camatta
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Catarina Mota
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Mendes
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Rafael Calvão Barbuto
- Hospital Risoleta Tolentino Neves, R. das Gabirobas, 1, 31744-012, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Felipe Caixeta
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Leandro Souza Nascimento
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariana Almeida Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Dantas Martins
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Silveira-Nunes
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Av. Doutor Raimundo Monteiro Resende, Governador Valadares, 35010-177, MG, Brazil
| | - Unaí Tupinambás
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Andrea Teixeira-Carvalho
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores, Instituto de Pesquisa René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ-MG, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte, 30190-002, MG, Brazil
| | - Luis Graça
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Caetano Faria
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Andreu-Sánchez S, Ripoll-Cladellas A, Culinscaia A, Bulut O, Bourgonje AR, Netea MG, Lansdorp P, Aubert G, Bonder MJ, Franke L, Vogl T, van der Wijst MG, Melé M, Van Baarle D, Fu J, Zhernakova A. Antibody signatures against viruses and microbiome reflect past and chronic exposures and associate with aging and inflammation. iScience 2024; 27:109981. [PMID: 38868191 PMCID: PMC11167443 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Encounters with pathogens and other molecules can imprint long-lasting effects on our immune system, influencing future physiological outcomes. Given the wide range of microbes to which humans are exposed, their collective impact on health is not fully understood. To explore relations between exposures and biological aging and inflammation, we profiled an antibody-binding repertoire against 2,815 microbial, viral, and environmental peptides in a population cohort of 1,443 participants. Utilizing antibody-binding as a proxy for past exposures, we investigated their impact on biological aging, cell composition, and inflammation. Immune response against cytomegalovirus (CMV), rhinovirus, and gut bacteria relates with telomere length. Single-cell expression measurements identified an effect of CMV infection on the transcriptional landscape of subpopulations of CD8 and CD4 T-cells. This examination of the relationship between microbial exposures and biological aging and inflammation highlights a role for chronic infections (CMV and Epstein-Barr virus) and common pathogens (rhinoviruses and adenovirus C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Andreu-Sánchez
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Aida Ripoll-Cladellas
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Culinscaia
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ozlem Bulut
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Arno R. Bourgonje
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department for Immunology & Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Lansdorp
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Departments of Hematology and Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Geraldine Aubert
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Repeat Diagnostics Inc, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marc Jan Bonder
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Monique G.P. van der Wijst
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marta Melé
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Debbie Van Baarle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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4
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James LM, Tsilibary EP, Wanberg EJ, Georgopoulos AP. Negative Association of Cognitive Performance With Blood Serum Neurotoxicity and Its Modulation by Human Herpes Virus 5 (HHV5) Seropositivity in Healthy Women. Neurosci Insights 2024; 19:26331055241258436. [PMID: 38827247 PMCID: PMC11143810 DOI: 10.1177/26331055241258436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Identification of early influences on cognitive decline is of paramount importance in order to stem the impacts of decrements in cognitive functioning and to potentially intervene. Thus, here we focused on 132 healthy adult women (age range 26-98 years) to (a) determine whether factors circulating in serum may exert neurotoxic effects in vitro, (b) evaluate associations between serum neurotoxicity and cognitive performance, and (c) assess the influence of human herpes virus (HHV) seroprevalence and other factors on apoptosis and cognitive performance. The results documented that the addition of serum from healthy adult women to neural cell cultures resulted in apoptosis, indicating the presence of circulating neurotoxic factors in the serum. Furthermore, apoptosis increased with age, and was associated with decreased cognitive performance. Stepwise regression evaluating the influence of 6 HHVs on apoptosis and cognitive function revealed that only HHV5 (cytomegalovirus; CMV) seropositivity was significantly associated with apoptosis and cognitive decline, controlling for age. These findings document neurotoxic effects of serum from healthy women across the adult lifespan and suggest a unique detrimental influence associated with CMV seropositivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M James
- The Healthy Brain Aging Group, Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Effie-Photini Tsilibary
- The Healthy Brain Aging Group, Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Erik J Wanberg
- The Healthy Brain Aging Group, Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Apostolos P Georgopoulos
- The Healthy Brain Aging Group, Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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5
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Winchester NE, Panigrahi S, Haria A, Chakraborty A, Su X, Chen B, Morris SR, Clagett BM, Juchnowski SM, Yadavalli R, Villinger F, Paiardini M, Harth K, Kashyap VS, Calabrese LH, Margolis L, Sieg SF, Shive CL, Gianella S, Funderburg NT, Zidar DA, Lederman MM, Freeman ML. Cytomegalovirus Infection Facilitates the Costimulation of CD57+CD28- CD8 T Cells in HIV Infection and Atherosclerosis via the CD2-LFA-3 Axis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:245-257. [PMID: 38047900 PMCID: PMC10843654 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
CD8 T cells are emerging as important mediators in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Immune activation may play a particular role in people with HIV (PWH) who are at an increased risk of CVD, even after controlling for known CVD risk factors. Latent CMV infection is associated with increased CVD risk for both PWH and people without HIV, and human CMV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells are enriched for an immunosenescent phenotype. We previously showed that CMV coinfection in PWH promotes vascular homing and activation of inflammatory CD4 T cells through the CD2-LFA-3 axis. However, the role of CD2/LFA3 costimulation of CD8 T cells in PWH with CMV has yet to be described. In the present study, we demonstrate that CD2 expression on CX3CR1+CD57+CD28- inflammescent CD8 T cells is increased on cells from CMV-seropositive PWH. In vitro CD2/LFA-3 costimulation enhances TCR-mediated activation of these inflammatory CD8 memory T cells. Finally, we show that LFA-3 is highly expressed in aortas of SIV-infected rhesus macaques and in atherosclerotic plaques of people without HIV. Our findings are consistent with a model in which CMV infection enhances CD2 expression on highly proinflammatory CD8 T cells that can then be stimulated by LFA-3 expressed in the vasculature, even in the absence of CD28 costimulation. This model, in which CMV infection exacerbates toxic cytokine and granzyme production by CD8 T cells within the vasculature, highlights a potential therapeutic target in atherosclerosis development and progression, especially for PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E. Winchester
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Soumya Panigrahi
- Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anokhi Haria
- Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Archeesha Chakraborty
- Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xi Su
- Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bonnie Chen
- Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stephen R. Morris
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Brian M. Clagett
- Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Steven M. Juchnowski
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Raghavendra Yadavalli
- Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Francois Villinger
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, USA
| | - Mirko Paiardini
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karem Harth
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vikram S. Kashyap
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Leonard H. Calabrese
- Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Scott F. Sieg
- Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Carey L. Shive
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sara Gianella
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas T. Funderburg
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David A. Zidar
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael M. Lederman
- Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael L. Freeman
- Rustbelt Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Lord JM, Veenith T, Sullivan J, Sharma-Oates A, Richter AG, Greening NJ, McAuley HJC, Evans RA, Moss P, Moore SC, Turtle L, Gautam N, Gilani A, Bajaj M, Wain LV, Brightling C, Raman B, Marks M, Singapuri A, Elneima O, Openshaw PJM, Duggal NA. Accelarated immune ageing is associated with COVID-19 disease severity. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:6. [PMID: 38212801 PMCID: PMC10782727 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00406-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The striking increase in COVID-19 severity in older adults provides a clear example of immunesenescence, the age-related remodelling of the immune system. To better characterise the association between convalescent immunesenescence and acute disease severity, we determined the immune phenotype of COVID-19 survivors and non-infected controls. RESULTS We performed detailed immune phenotyping of peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from 103 COVID-19 survivors 3-5 months post recovery who were classified as having had severe (n = 56; age 53.12 ± 11.30 years), moderate (n = 32; age 52.28 ± 11.43 years) or mild (n = 15; age 49.67 ± 7.30 years) disease and compared with age and sex-matched healthy adults (n = 59; age 50.49 ± 10.68 years). We assessed a broad range of immune cell phenotypes to generate a composite score, IMM-AGE, to determine the degree of immune senescence. We found increased immunesenescence features in severe COVID-19 survivors compared to controls including: a reduced frequency and number of naïve CD4 and CD8 T cells (p < 0.0001); increased frequency of EMRA CD4 (p < 0.003) and CD8 T cells (p < 0.001); a higher frequency (p < 0.0001) and absolute numbers (p < 0.001) of CD28-ve CD57+ve senescent CD4 and CD8 T cells; higher frequency (p < 0.003) and absolute numbers (p < 0.02) of PD-1 expressing exhausted CD8 T cells; a two-fold increase in Th17 polarisation (p < 0.0001); higher frequency of memory B cells (p < 0.001) and increased frequency (p < 0.0001) and numbers (p < 0.001) of CD57+ve senescent NK cells. As a result, the IMM-AGE score was significantly higher in severe COVID-19 survivors than in controls (p < 0.001). Few differences were seen for those with moderate disease and none for mild disease. Regression analysis revealed the only pre-existing variable influencing the IMM-AGE score was South Asian ethnicity ([Formula: see text] = 0.174, p = 0.043), with a major influence being disease severity ([Formula: see text] = 0.188, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our analyses reveal a state of enhanced immune ageing in survivors of severe COVID-19 and suggest this could be related to SARS-Cov-2 infection. Our data support the rationale for trials of anti-immune ageing interventions for improving clinical outcomes in these patients with severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Lord
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Office 6, University of Birmingham Research Labs, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tonny Veenith
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jack Sullivan
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Office 6, University of Birmingham Research Labs, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Alex G Richter
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Neil J Greening
- Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Hamish J C McAuley
- Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Rachael A Evans
- Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Shona C Moore
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lance Turtle
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nandan Gautam
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ahmed Gilani
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Manan Bajaj
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Louise V Wain
- Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Christopher Brightling
- Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Betty Raman
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Marks
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, UK
| | - Amisha Singapuri
- Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Omer Elneima
- Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Niharika A Duggal
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Office 6, University of Birmingham Research Labs, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
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7
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Deng ZL, Pieper DH, Stallmach A, Steube A, Vital M, Reck M, Wagner-Döbler I. Engraftment of essential functions through multiple fecal microbiota transplants in chronic antibiotic-resistant pouchitis-a case study using metatranscriptomics. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:269. [PMID: 38037086 PMCID: PMC10691019 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01713-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the standard of care after total proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis (UC). Around 50% of patients will experience pouchitis, an idiopathic inflammatory condition. Antibiotics are the backbone of treatment of pouchitis; however, antibiotic-resistant pouchitis develops in 5-10% of those patients. It has been shown that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an effective treatment for UC, but results for FMT antibiotic-resistant pouchitis are inconsistent. METHODS To uncover which metabolic activities were transferred to the recipients during FMT and helped the remission, we performed a longitudinal case study of the gut metatranscriptomes from three patients and their donors. The patients were treated by two to three FMTs, and stool samples were analyzed for up to 140 days. RESULTS Reduced expression in pouchitis patients compared to healthy donors was observed for genes involved in biosynthesis of amino acids, cofactors, and B vitamins. An independent metatranscriptome dataset of UC patients showed a similar result. Other functions including biosynthesis of butyrate, metabolism of bile acids, and tryptophan were also much lower expressed in pouchitis. After FMT, these activities transiently increased, and the overall metatranscriptome profiles closely mirrored those of the respective donors with notable fluctuations during the subsequent weeks. The levels of the clinical marker fecal calprotectin were concordant with the metatranscriptome data. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii represented the most active species contributing to butyrate synthesis via the acetyl-CoA pathway. Remission occurred after the last FMT in all patients and was characterized by a microbiota activity profile distinct from donors in two of the patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the clear but short-lived activity engraftment of donor microbiota, particularly the butyrate biosynthesis after each FMT. The data suggest that FMT triggers shifts in the activity of patient microbiota towards health which need to be repeated to reach critical thresholds. As a case study, these insights warrant cautious interpretation, and validation in larger cohorts is necessary for generalized applications. In the long run, probiotics with high taxonomic diversity consisting of well characterized strains could replace FMT to avoid the costly screening of donors and the risk of transferring unwanted genetic material. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Luo Deng
- Group Computational Biology for Infection Research, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany.
| | - Dietmar H Pieper
- Group Microbial Interactions and Processes, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Andreas Stallmach
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Arndt Steube
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Marius Vital
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Reck
- Group Microbial Communication, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
- TÜV Rheinland, Cologne, Germany
| | - Irene Wagner-Döbler
- Institute of Microbiology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany
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8
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Ontiveros CO, Murray CE, Crossland G, Curiel TJ. Considerations and Approaches for Cancer Immunotherapy in the Aging Host. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:1449-1461. [PMID: 37769157 PMCID: PMC11287796 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Advances in cancer immunotherapy are improving treatment successes in many distinct cancer types. Nonetheless, most tumors fail to respond. Age is the biggest risk for most cancers, and the median population age is rising worldwide. Advancing age is associated with manifold alterations in immune cell types, abundance, and functions, rather than simple declines in these metrics, the consequences of which remain incompletely defined. Our understanding of the effects of host age on immunotherapy mechanisms, efficacy, and adverse events remains incomplete. A deeper understanding of age effects in all these areas is required. Most cancer immunotherapy preclinical studies examine young subjects and fail to assess age contributions, a remarkable deficit given the known importance of age effects on immune cells and factors mediating cancer immune surveillance and immunotherapy efficacy. Notably, some cancer immunotherapies are more effective in aged versus young hosts, while others fail despite efficacy in the young. Here, we review our current understanding of age effects on immunity and associated nonimmune cells, the tumor microenvironment, cancer immunotherapy, and related adverse effects. We highlight important knowledge gaps and suggest areas for deeper enquiries, including in cancer immune surveillance, treatment response, adverse event outcomes, and their mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos O. Ontiveros
- UT Health San Antonio Long School of Medicine and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Clare E. Murray
- UT Health San Antonio Long School of Medicine and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Grace Crossland
- Graduate School of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
- The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Tyler J. Curiel
- UT Health San Antonio Long School of Medicine and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Graduate School of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
- The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
- Dartmouth Health and Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH 03756
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9
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Wennberg AM, Maher BS, Rabinowitz JA, Holingue C, Felder WR, Wells JL, Munro CA, Lyketsos CG, Eaton WW, Walker KA, Weng NP, Ferrucci L, Yolken R, Spira AP. Association of common infections with cognitive performance in the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area study follow-up. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:4841-4851. [PMID: 37027458 PMCID: PMC10558626 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Growing evidence suggests that some common infections are causally associated with cognitive impairment; however, less is known about the burden of multiple infections. METHODS We investigated the cross-sectional association of positive antibody tests for herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), and Toxoplasma gondii (TOX) with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and delayed verbal recall performance in 575 adults aged 41-97 from the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. RESULTS In multivariable-adjusted zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression models, positive antibody tests for CMV (p = .011) and herpes simplex virus (p = .018) were individually associated with poorer MMSE performance (p = .011). A greater number of positive antibody tests among the five tested was associated with worse MMSE performance (p = .001). DISCUSSION CMV, herpes simplex virus, and the global burden of multiple common infections were independently associated with poorer cognitive performance. Additional research that investigates whether the global burden of infection predicts cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease biomarker changes is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Wennberg
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brion S Maher
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jill A Rabinowitz
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Calliope Holingue
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins Children's Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - W Ross Felder
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan L Wells
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Division of Epidemiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Cynthia A Munro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Constantine G Lyketsos
- Johns Hopkins Bayview Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Johns Hopkins Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - William W Eaton
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Keenan A Walker
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nan-Ping Weng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Study Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert Yolken
- Stanley Laboratory of Developmental Neurovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Adam P Spira
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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10
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Han X, Sun Q, Xu M, Zhu G, Gao R, Ni B, Li J. Unraveling the Complexities of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Semin Liver Dis 2023; 43:383-401. [PMID: 37931901 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as effective therapeutics for multiple cancers. Nevertheless, as immunotherapeutic approaches are being extensively utilized, substantial hurdles have arisen for clinicians. These include countering ICIs resistance and ensuring precise efficacy assessments of these drugs, especially in the context of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This review attempts to offer a holistic overview of the latest insights into the ICIs resistance mechanisms in HCC, the molecular underpinnings, and immune response. The intent is to inspire the development of efficacious combination strategies. This review also examines the unconventional response patterns, namely pseudoprogression (PsP) and hyperprogression (HPD). The prompt and rigorous evaluation of these treatment efficacies has emerged as a crucial imperative. Multiple clinical, radiological, and biomarker tests have been advanced to meticulously assess tumor response. Despite progress, precise mechanisms of action and predictive biomarkers remain elusive. This necessitates further investigation through prospective cohort studies in the impending future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpu Han
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianhui Sun
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Manman Xu
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruike Gao
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoyi Ni
- Department of Oncology, First Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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11
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Reyes A, Ortiz G, Duarte LF, Fernández C, Hernández-Armengol R, Palacios PA, Prado Y, Andrade CA, Rodriguez-Guilarte L, Kalergis AM, Simon F, Carreño LJ, Riedel CA, Cáceres M, González PA. Contribution of viral and bacterial infections to senescence and immunosenescence. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1229098. [PMID: 37753486 PMCID: PMC10518457 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1229098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a key biological process characterized by irreversible cell cycle arrest. The accumulation of senescent cells creates a pro-inflammatory environment that can negatively affect tissue functions and may promote the development of aging-related diseases. Typical biomarkers related to senescence include senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, histone H2A.X phosphorylation at serine139 (γH2A.X), and senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF) with heterochromatin protein 1γ (HP-1γ protein) Moreover, immune cells undergoing senescence, which is known as immunosenescence, can affect innate and adaptative immune functions and may elicit detrimental effects over the host's susceptibility to infectious diseases. Although associations between senescence and pathogens have been reported, clear links between both, and the related molecular mechanisms involved remain to be determined. Furthermore, it remains to be determined whether infections effectively induce senescence, the impact of senescence and immunosenescence over infections, or if both events coincidently share common molecular markers, such as γH2A.X and p53. Here, we review and discuss the most recent reports that describe cellular hallmarks and biomarkers related to senescence in immune and non-immune cells in the context of infections, seeking to better understand their relationships. Related literature was searched in Pubmed and Google Scholar databases with search terms related to the sections and subsections of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Reyes
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gerardo Ortiz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luisa F. Duarte
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Fernández
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Rosario Hernández-Armengol
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A. Palacios
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yolanda Prado
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina A. Andrade
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Linmar Rodriguez-Guilarte
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leandro J. Carreño
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A. Riedel
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica Cáceres
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A. González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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12
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Belizaire R, Wong WJ, Robinette ML, Ebert BL. Clonal haematopoiesis and dysregulation of the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol 2023; 23:595-610. [PMID: 36941354 PMCID: PMC11140722 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00843-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Age-related diseases are frequently linked to pathological immune dysfunction, including excessive inflammation, autoreactivity and immunodeficiency. Recent analyses of human genetic data have revealed that somatic mutations and mosaic chromosomal alterations in blood cells - a condition known as clonal haematopoiesis (CH) - are associated with ageing and pathological immune dysfunction. Indeed, large-scale epidemiological studies and experimental mouse models have demonstrated that CH can promote cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic liver disease, osteoporosis and gout. The genes most frequently mutated in CH, the epigenetic regulators TET2 and DNMT3A, implicate increased chemokine expression and inflammasome hyperactivation in myeloid cells as a possible mechanistic connection between CH and age-related diseases. In addition, TET2 and DNMT3A mutations in lymphoid cells have been shown to drive methylation-dependent alterations in differentiation and function. Here we review the observational and mechanistic studies describing the connection between CH and pathological immune dysfunction, the effects of CH-associated genetic alterations on the function of myeloid and lymphoid cells, and the clinical and therapeutic implications of CH as a target for immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Belizaire
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Waihay J Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle L Robinette
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin L Ebert
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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13
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Lu K, Wu YM, Shi Q, Gong YQ, Zhang T, Li C. The impact of acute-phase reaction on mortality and re-fracture after zoledronic acid in hospitalized elderly osteoporotic fracture patients. Osteoporos Int 2023; 34:1613-1623. [PMID: 37247006 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06803-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study involving 674 elderly osteoporotic fracture (OPF) patients undergoing orthopedic surgery investigated the long-term outcomes of acute phase reaction (APR) after initial zoledronic acid (ZOL). Those who had an APR had a 97% higher risk of mortality and a 73% lower rate of re-fracture than patients who did not. INTRODUCTION Annual infusion of ZOL efficiently decreases the risk of fracture. A temporary APR, consisting of flu-like symptoms, myalgia, and fever, is frequently observed within 3 days after the first dose. This work aimed to identify whether the occurrence of APR after initial ZOL infusion is a reliable indicator of drug efficacy for mortality and re-fracture in elderly OPF patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. METHODS This retrospectively observed work was constructed on a database prospectively collected from the Osteoporotic Fracture Registry System of a tertiary level A hospital in China. Six hundred seventy-four patients 50 years old or older with newly identified hip/morphological vertebral OPF who received ZOL for the first time after orthopedic surgery were included in the final analysis. APR was identified as a maximum axillary body temperature greater than 37.3 °C for the first 3 days after ZOL infusion. We utilized models of multivariate Cox proportional hazards to compare the risk of all-cause mortality in OPF patients with APR (APR+) and without APR (APR-). Competing risks regression analysis was used to examine the association between the occurrence of APR and re-fracture when mortality was taken into account. RESULTS In a fully adjusted Cox proportional hazards model, APR+ patients had a significantly higher risk of death than APR- patients with a hazard ratio [HR] 1.97 (95% CI, 1.09-3.56; P-value = 0.02). Furthermore, in an adjusted competing risk regression analysis, APR+ patients had a significantly reduced risk of re-fracture compared with APR- patients with a sub-distribution HR, 0.27 (95% CI, 0.11-0.70; P-value = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested a potential association between the occurrence of APR and increased mortality risk. An initial dose of ZOL following orthopedic surgery was found to be protective against re-fracture in older patients with OPFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 566 East of Qianjin Road, Suzhou, 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y-M Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 566 East of Qianjin Road, Suzhou, 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Q Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y-Q Gong
- Information Department, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - T Zhang
- Chronic Disease Department, Kunshan Center For Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - C Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 566 East of Qianjin Road, Suzhou, 215300, Jiangsu, China.
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14
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Ugale SS, Holmes TH, Maysel-Auslender S, Boyd SD, Dekker CL, Davis MM, Maecker HT. Acute Respiratory Illness Is Associated with Memory T Cell Differentiation and Other Immune Cell Changes in an Age-Associated Manner. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:611-618. [PMID: 37707792 PMCID: PMC10590771 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses such as influenza are encountered multiple times through infection and/or vaccination and thus have the potential to shape immune cell phenotypes over time. In particular, memory T cell compartments may be affected, as both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses likely contribute to viral control. In this study, we assessed immune phenotypes using cytometry by time of flight in the peripheral blood of 22 humans with acute respiratory illness and 22 age-matched noninfected controls. In younger infected individuals (1-19 y of age), we found decreased B and NK cell frequencies and a shift toward more effector-like CD4+ and CD8+ T cell phenotypes, compared with young healthy controls. Significant differences between noninfected and infected older individuals (30-74 y of age) were not seen. We also observed a decrease in naive CD4+ T cells and CD27+CD8+ T cells as well as an increase in effector memory CD8+ T cells and NKT cells in noninfected individuals with age. When cell frequencies were regressed against age for infected versus noninfected subjects, significant differences in trends with age were observed for multiple cell types. These included B cells and various subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. We conclude that acute respiratory illness drives T cell differentiation and decreases circulating B cell frequencies preferentially in young compared with older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya S. Ugale
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Tyson H. Holmes
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Sofia Maysel-Auslender
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Scott D. Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Cornelia L. Dekker
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Mark M. Davis
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Holden T. Maecker
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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15
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Hedström AK. Risk factors for multiple sclerosis in the context of Epstein-Barr virus infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1212676. [PMID: 37554326 PMCID: PMC10406387 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1212676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence indicates that Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infection is a prerequisite for multiple sclerosis (MS). The disease may arise from a complex interplay between latent EBV infection, genetic predisposition, and various environmental and lifestyle factors that negatively affect immune control of the infection. Evidence of gene-environment interactions and epigenetic modifications triggered by environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals supports this view. This review gives a short introduction to EBV and host immunity and discusses evidence indicating EBV as a prerequisite for MS. The role of genetic and environmental risk factors, and their interactions, in MS pathogenesis is reviewed and put in the context of EBV infection. Finally, possible preventive measures are discussed based on the findings presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karin Hedström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Lee CYS, Suzuki JB. COVID-19: Variants, Immunity, and Therapeutics for Non-Hospitalized Patients. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2055. [PMID: 37509694 PMCID: PMC10377623 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuing transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a world-wide 21st-century public health emergency of concern. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused greater than 600 million cases of COVID-19 and over 6 million deaths globally. COVID-19 continues to be a highly transmissible disease despite efforts by public health officials and healthcare providers to manage and control the disease. Variants identified in selected worldwide epicenters add to the complexity of vaccine efficacy, overage, and antibody titer maintenance and bioactivity. The identification of the SARS-CoV-2 variants is described with respect to evading protective efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines and breakthrough infections. Vaccines and other therapeutics have prevented millions of SARS-CoV-2 infections and thousands of deaths in the United States. We explore aspects of the immune response in a condensed discussion to understand B and T cell lymphocyte regulatory mechanisms and antibody effectiveness and senescence. Finally, COVID-19 therapies including Paxlovid, Remdisivir, Molnupiravir and convalescent plasma in non-hospitalized patients are presented with limitations for identification, collection, and distribution to infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Y S Lee
- Private Practice in Oral, Maxillofacial and Reconstructive Surgery, Aiea, HI 96701, USA
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Jon B Suzuki
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Graduate Periodontics, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 20742, USA
- Department of Graduate Prosthodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Graduate Periodontics, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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17
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Deng MC. An exercise immune fitness test to unravel mechanisms of Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2023; 19:693-697. [PMID: 37190994 PMCID: PMC10330575 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2214364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario C. Deng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
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18
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Kim JJ, Hong S, Seo JY. A Cysteine Residue of Human Cytomegalovirus vMIA Protein Plays a Crucial Role in Viperin Trafficking to Control Viral Infectivity. J Virol 2023; 97:e0187422. [PMID: 37306568 PMCID: PMC10308886 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01874-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Viperin is a multifunctional interferon-inducible protein that is directly induced in cells by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. The viral mitochondrion-localized inhibitor of apoptosis (vMIA) interacts with viperin at the early stages of infection and translocates it from the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria, where viperin modulates the cellular metabolism to increase viral infectivity. Viperin finally relocalizes to the viral assembly compartment (AC) at late stages of infection. Despite the importance of vMIA interactions with viperin during viral infection, their interacting residues are unknown. In the present study, we showed that cysteine residue 44 (Cys44) of vMIA and the N-terminal domain (amino acids [aa] 1 to 42) of viperin are necessary for their interaction and for the mitochondrial localization of viperin. In addition, the N-terminal domain of mouse viperin, which is structurally similar to that of human viperin, interacted with vMIA. This indicates that the structure, rather than the sequence composition, of the N-terminal domain of viperin, is required for the interaction with vMIA. Recombinant HCMV, in which Cys44 of vMIA was replaced by an alanine residue, failed to translocate viperin to the mitochondria at the early stages of infection and inefficiently relocalized it to the AC at late stages of infection, resulting in the impairment of viperin-mediated lipid synthesis and a reduction in viral replication. These data indicate that Cys44 of vMIA is therefore essential for the intracellular trafficking and function of viperin to increase viral replication. Our findings also suggest that the interacting residues of these two proteins are potential therapeutic targets for HCMV-associated diseases. IMPORTANCE Viperin traffics to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, and viral assembly compartment (AC) during human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. Viperin has antiviral activity at the ER and regulates cellular metabolism at the mitochondria. Here, we show that Cys44 of HCMV vMIA protein and the N-terminal domain (aa 1 to 42) of viperin are necessary for their interaction. Cys44 of vMIA also has a critical role for viperin trafficking from the ER to the AC via the mitochondria during viral infection. Recombinant HCMV expressing a mutant vMIA Cys44 has impaired lipid synthesis and viral infectivity, which are attributed to mislocalization of viperin. Cys44 of vMIA is essential for the trafficking and function of viperin and may be a therapeutic target for HCMV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Jin Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sookyung Hong
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Seo
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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19
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Li N, Ye Y, Wu Y, Li L, Hu J, Luo D, Li Y, Yang J, Gao Y, Hai W, Xie Y, Jiang L. Alterations in histology of the aging salivary gland and correlation with the glandular inflammatory microenvironment. iScience 2023; 26:106571. [PMID: 37124415 PMCID: PMC10131127 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging-related salivary dysfunction typically causes reduced saliva volumes, which leads to debilitating consequences, even affecting patient quality of life. Understanding the respective clinicopathological characteristics and molecular mechanisms underlying salivary gland functioning during aging is vital for therapeutic purposes. Here, we provide a detailed atlas of the salivary gland microenvironment during aging, and we identified several phenotypes characteristic of aging salivary glands, including acini atrophy, increased inflammatory cells, altered immune responses, and accumulation of lysosomes and autophagosomes in aging cells, which may reflect progressive degeneration of salivary gland function. Furthermore, our analyses suggested significant enrichment of metabolic pathways in aging glands. Our results revealed complex cellular cross-talk among aging acinar cells, inflammatory factors, and immune responses. A natural aging animal model was established to verify these findings. This study provides mechanistic insights into age-related clinicopathogenesis, important implications for early diagnosis, and identification of new targets for improving salivary gland dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Ye
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yicheng Wu
- Core Facility of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danyang Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yusi Li
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Core Facility of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wangxi Hai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Yinyin Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Liting Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Corresponding author
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Abstract
The inflammaging concept was introduced in 2000 by Prof. Franceschi. This was an evolutionary or rather a revolutionary conceptualization of the immune changes in response to a lifelong stress. This conceptualization permitted to consider the lifelong proinflammatory process as an adaptation which could eventually lead to either beneficial or detrimental consequences. This dichotomy is influenced by both the genetics and the environment. Depending on which way prevails in an individual, the outcome may be healthy longevity or pathological aging burdened with aging-related diseases. The concept of inflammaging has also revealed the complex, systemic nature of aging. Thus, this conceptualization opens the way to consider age-related processes in their complexity, meaning that not only the process but also all counter-processes should be considered. It has also opened the way to add new concepts to the original one, leading to better understanding of the nature of inflammaging and of aging itself. Finally, it showed the way towards potential multimodal interventions involving a holistic approach to optimize the aging process towards a healthy longevity.
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21
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Singh S, Boland BS, Jess T, Moore AA. Management of inflammatory bowel diseases in older adults. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 8:368-382. [PMID: 36669515 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(22)00358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The burden of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in older adults (ie, aged over 60 years old) is increasing due to a combination of an ageing population with compounding prevalence of IBD and increasing incidence of elderly-onset (ie, onset over the age of 60 years) IBD. Despite the increasing prevalence of IBD, there is a paucity of evidence on which to base management of older adults with IBD, leading to substantial variability in care. This population is under-represented in clinical trials and has a high burden of chronic corticosteroid use, low uptake of steroid-sparing immunosuppressive agents, and high rates of unplanned health-care use and disability. Management of IBD in older adults requires carefully weighing an individual patient's risk of IBD-related complications, IBD-directed immunosuppressive therapy, and non-IBD comorbidities. A deeper understanding of biological and functional age, dynamic risk stratification strategies (including frailty-based risk assessment tools), comparative effectiveness and safety of current therapies and treatment strategies, and shared decision making to inform treatment goals and targets is needed to improve outcomes in older adults with IBD. In this Review, we discuss the epidemiology, natural history, pathophysiology, and medical and surgical management of older individuals living with IBD and identify key research gaps and approaches to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Brigid S Boland
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tine Jess
- Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (PREDICT), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Alison A Moore
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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22
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Thong L, McElduff EJ, Henry MT. Trials and Treatments: An Update on Pharmacotherapy for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:486. [PMID: 36836843 PMCID: PMC9963632 DOI: 10.3390/life13020486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease that occurs predominantly in the older population. There is increasing incidence and prevalence in IPF globally. The emergence of anti-fibrotic therapies in the last decade have improved patient survival though a cure is yet to be developed. In this review article, we aim to summarize the existing and novel pharmacotherapies for the treatment of IPF (excluding treatments for acute exacerbations), focusing on the current knowledge on the pathophysiology of the disease, mechanism of action of the drugs, and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Thong
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Enda James McElduff
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Thomas Henry
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Cork University Hospital, T12 YE02 Cork, Ireland
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23
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Tyrkalska SD, Candel S, Pedoto A, García-Moreno D, Alcaraz-Pérez F, Sánchez-Ferrer Á, Cayuela ML, Mulero V. Zebrafish models of COVID-19. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2023; 47:fuac042. [PMID: 36323404 PMCID: PMC9841970 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although COVID-19 has only recently appeared, research studies have already developed and implemented many animal models for deciphering the secrets of the disease and provided insights into the biology of SARS-CoV-2. However, there are several major factors that complicate the study of this virus in model organisms, such as the poor infectivity of clinical isolates of SARS-CoV-2 in some model species, and the absence of persistent infection, immunopathology, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, and, in general, all the systemic complications which characterize COVID-19 clinically. Another important limitation is that SARS-CoV-2 mainly causes severe COVID-19 in older people with comorbidities, which represents a serious problem when attempting to use young and immunologically naïve laboratory animals in COVID-19 testing. We review here the main animal models developed so far to study COVID-19 and the unique advantages of the zebrafish model that may help to contribute to understand this disease, in particular to the identification and repurposing of drugs to treat COVID-19, to reveal the mechanism of action and side-effects of Spike-based vaccines, and to decipher the high susceptibility of aged people to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia D Tyrkalska
- Departmento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Candel
- Departmento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Annamaria Pedoto
- Departmento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana García-Moreno
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Alcaraz-Pérez
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Telomerasa, Cáncer y Envejecimiento (TCAG), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Álvaro Sánchez-Ferrer
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Departmento de Bioloquímica y Biología Molecular A, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María L Cayuela
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Telomerasa, Cáncer y Envejecimiento (TCAG), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Departmento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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24
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DeNotta S, McFarlane D. Immunosenescence and inflammaging in the aged horse. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:2. [PMID: 36609345 PMCID: PMC9817422 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00325-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The equine population in the United States and worldwide now includes a higher percentage of geriatric horses than ever previously recorded, and as methods to treat and manage elderly equids are developed and refined, this aging population will likely continue to expand. A better understanding of how horses age and the effect of age on immunity and disease susceptibility is needed to enable targeted preventative healthcare strategies for aged horses. This review article outlines the current state of knowledge regarding the effect of aging on immunity, vaccine responsiveness, and disease risk in the horse, highlighting similarities and differences to what is observed in aged humans. Horses show similar but milder age-related alterations in immune function to those reported in people. Decreases in lymphocyte proliferation and antibody production and diminished response to vaccination have all been documented in elderly horses, however, increased risk of infectious disease is not commonly reported. Aged horses also show evidence of a proinflammatory state (inflammaging) yet appear less susceptible to the chronic diseases of people for which inflammation is a risk factor. Information is currently lacking as to why the horse does not experience the same risk of age-related disease (e.g., cancer, heart disease, neurodegeneration) as people, although a lack of negative lifestyle habits, differences in diet, exercise, genetics and physiology may all contribute to improved health outcomes in the older horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally DeNotta
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Dianne McFarlane
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
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25
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Okamoto M, Kurino R, Miura R, Takada K. A fully human neutralizing monoclonal antibody targeting a highly conserved epitope of the human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285672. [PMID: 37192198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus causes severe diseases in children (by congenital infection) and immunocompromised patients. Treatment with antiviral agents, such as ganciclovir, is limited by their toxicity. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of a fully human neutralizing monoclonal antibody to inhibit human cytomegalovirus infection and viral cell-to-cell spread. We isolated a potent neutralizing antibody, EV2038 (IgG1 lambda), targeting human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B using Epstein-Barr virus transformation. This antibody inhibited human cytomegalovirus infection by all four laboratory strains and 42 Japanese clinical isolates, including ganciclovir-resistant isolates, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) ranging from 0.013 to 0.105 μg/mL, and 90% inhibitory concentration (IC90) ranging from 0.208 to 1.026 μg/mL, in both human embryonic lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) and human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells. Additionally, EV2038 prevented cell-to-cell spread of eight clinical viral isolates, with IC50 values ranging from 1.0 to 3.1 μg/mL, and IC90 values ranging from 13 to 19 μg/mL, in ARPE-19 cells. EV2038 recognized three discontinuous sequences on antigenic domain 1 of glycoprotein B (amino acids 549-560, 569-576, and 625-632), which were highly conserved among 71 clinical isolates from Japan and the United States. Pharmacokinetics study in cynomolgus monkeys suggested the potential efficacy of EV2038 in vivo, the concentration of which in serum remained higher than the IC90 values of cell-to-cell spread until 28 days after intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg EV2038. Our data strongly support EV2038 as a promising candidate and novel alternative for the treatment of human cytomegalovirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Okamoto
- Sapporo Laboratory, EVEC, Inc., Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Rika Kurino
- Sapporo Laboratory, EVEC, Inc., Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryu Miura
- Sapporo Laboratory, EVEC, Inc., Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kenzo Takada
- Sapporo Laboratory, EVEC, Inc., Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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26
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Huang X, Xiao M, Jiang B, Wang X, Tang X, Xu X, Chen Y, Wang S, Yan S, Wang S, Wang J, Zhang P. Prevalence of frailty among patients with inflammatory bowel disease and its association with clinical outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:534. [PMID: 36550400 PMCID: PMC9773593 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02620-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have reported frailty as an independent risk factor of mortality in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, no systematic review and meta-analysis has been conducted to determine the relationship of frailty and IBD. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of frailty in patients with IBD and the impact of frailty on the clinical prognosis of these patients. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Ovid (Medline), Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from database inception until October 2022. This systematic review included observational studies describing IBD and frailty. We performed meta-analysis for the frailty prevalence in patients with IBD. We analyzed primary outcomes (mortality) and secondary outcomes (infections, hospitalizations, readmission, and IBD-related surgery). RESULTS Nine studies with a total of 1,495,695 participants were included in our meta-analysis. The prevalence of frailty was 18% in patients with IBD. The combined effect analysis showed that frail patients with IBD had a higher risk of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.25, 95% confidence interval: 1.11-4.55) than non-frail patients with IBD. The hazard ratio for infections (HR = 1.23, 0.94-1.60), hospitalizations (HR = 1.72, 0.88-3.36), readmission (HR = 1.21, 1.17-1.25) and IBD-related surgery (HR = 0.78, 0.66-0.91) in frail patients with IBD. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that frailty is a significant independent predictor of mortality in patients with IBD. Our work supports the importance of implementing frailty screening upon admission in patients with IBD. More prospective studies are needed to investigate the influence of frailty on patients with IBD and improve the poor prognosis of patients with frailty and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangting Huang
- Department of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi Province China
| | - Mengmeng Xiao
- Department of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi Province China
| | - Benyue Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi Province China
| | - Xiuzheng Wang
- Department of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi Province China
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- Department of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi Province China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi Province China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi Province China
| | - Shixuan Wang
- Department of Philosophy, University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Songbo Yan
- Department of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi Province China
| | - Siyi Wang
- Department of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi Province China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi Province China
| | - Pinglan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji’an, Jiangxi Province China
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27
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Lee GH, Lee JY, Jang J, Kang YJ, Choi SA, Kim HC, Park S, Kim MS, Lee W. Anti‐thymocyte globulin‐mediated immunosenescent alterations of T cells in kidney transplant patients. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1431. [PMCID: PMC9686013 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Kidney transplant (KT) is the most effective treatment for end‐stage renal disease. The immunosuppressant anti‐thymocyte globulin (ATG) has been applied for induction therapy to reduce the risk of acute transplant rejection for patients at high immunological risk. Despite its putative role in replicative stress during immune reconstitution, the effects of ATG on T‐cell immunosenescent changes remain to be understood. Methods Phenotypic and functional features of senescent T cells were examined by flow cytometry in 116 healthy controls (HC) and 95 KT patients for comparative analysis according to ATG treatment and CMV reactivation. The TCR repertoire was analysed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of KT patients. Results T cells of KT patients treated with ATG (ATG+) show typical immunosenescent features, accumulation of CD28−, CD85j+ or CD57+ T cells, and imbalance of functional T‐cell subsets, compared with untreated KT patients (ATG−). Plasma IL‐15 and CMV‐IgG levels were higher in KT patients than in HCs, and the IL‐15 level positively correlated with the frequency of CD28− T cells in KT patients. ATG+ patients had a higher prevalence of CMV reactivation, which is associated with an increased frequency of CD28− T cells. As a result, ATG+ patients had expanded CMV‐specific T cells and decreased TCR diversity. However, proliferation, cytokine‐producing capacity and polyfunctionality of T cells were preserved in ATG+ patients. Conclusion Our findings suggest that ATG treatment contributes to the accumulation of senescent T cells, which may have lifelong clinical implications in KT patients. Thus, these patients require long‐term and comprehensive immune monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga Hye Lee
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation (LAI), Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea,Department of Microbiology and ImmunologySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Jee Youn Lee
- Department of SurgeryKangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Jiyeon Jang
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation (LAI), Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea,Department of Microbiology and ImmunologySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Yeon Jun Kang
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation (LAI), Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea,Department of Microbiology and ImmunologySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Seung Ah Choi
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation (LAI), Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea,Department of Microbiology and ImmunologySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Department of Preventive MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Sungha Park
- Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular HospitalYonsei University Health SystemSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Myoung Soo Kim
- Department of SurgeryYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Won‐Woo Lee
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Inflammation (LAI), Department of Biomedical SciencesSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea,Department of Microbiology and ImmunologySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea,Cancer Research Institute, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, and Institute of Infectious DiseasesSeoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research InstituteSeoulSouth Korea
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28
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Yadav DK, Adhikari VP, Yadav RK, Singh A, Huang X, Zhang Q, Pandit P, Ling Q, Liang T. Antiviral prophylaxis or preemptive therapy for cytomegalovirus after liver transplantation?: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:953210. [PMID: 36439159 PMCID: PMC9685424 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.953210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To conduct a meta-analysis with the aim of comparing the outcomes of antiviral prophylaxis and preemptive therapy for the prevention of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in liver transplant (LT) recipients. METHODS We searched databases for qualified studies up until March 2022. Finally, a meta-analysis was carried out using a fixed-effect or random-effect model based on the heterogeneity. RESULTS With a total of 1834 LT patients, the pooled incidence of CMV infection and CMV disease in the overall LT recipients using antiviral prophylaxis and preemptive therapy were 24.7% vs. 40.4% and 6.4% vs. 9.4%, respectively. Our meta-analysis exhibited a significant reduction in the incidence of CMV infection due to antiviral prophylaxis when compared to preemptive therapy in the high-risk group (OR: 6.67, 95% CI: 1.73, 25.66; p = 0.006). In contrast, there was a significant reduction in the incidence of late-onset of CMV disease in preemptive therapy compared to antiviral prophylaxis in the high-risk group (OR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.74; p = 0.009). However, the incidence of CMV disease, allograft rejection, graft loss, drug related adverse effects, opportunistic infections and mortality did not differ significantly between both the interventions (all p> 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We found the use of antiviral prophylaxis, compared with preemptive therapy, is superior in controlling CMV infection and prolonging the time to CMV disease in LT recipients without an increased risk of opportunistic infections, allograft rejection, graft loss, drug related adverse effects, development of drug resistance, and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery & Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Vishnu Prasad Adhikari
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery & Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rajesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, United States
| | - Alina Singh
- Department of Surgery, Pokhara Medical Clinic, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery & Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery & Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Prabesh Pandit
- Department of Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Qi Ling
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery & Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery & Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for the Study of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
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Chen J, Song J, Dai L, Post SR, Qin Z. SARS-CoV-2 infection and lytic reactivation of herpesviruses: A potential threat in the postpandemic era? J Med Virol 2022; 94:5103-5111. [PMID: 35819034 PMCID: PMC9350099 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is the causative pathogen for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has greatly stressed our healthcare system. In addition to severe respiratory and systematic symptoms, several comorbidities increase the risk of fatal disease outcomes, including chronic viral infections. Increasing cases of lytic reactivation of human herpesviruses in COVID-19 patients and vaccinated people have been reported recently. SARS-CoV2 coinfection, COVID-19 treatments, and vaccination may aggravate those herpesvirus-associated diseases by reactivating the viruses in latently infected host cells. In this review, we summarize recent clinical findings and limited mechanistic studies regarding the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and different human herpesviruses that suggest an ongoing potential threat to human health in the postpandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer InstituteUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Jiao Song
- Department of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer InstituteUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Lu Dai
- Department of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer InstituteUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Steven R. Post
- Department of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer InstituteUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Zhiqiang Qin
- Department of Pathology, Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer InstituteUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
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30
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Padilha CS, Von Ah Morano AE, Krüger K, Rosa-Neto JC, Lira FS. The growing field of immunometabolism and exercise: Key findings in the last 5 years. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4001-4020. [PMID: 36052887 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This perspective review highlights the impact of physical exercise on immunometabolic responses in the past 5 years. Understanding immunometabolism as a part of immunological research is essential. Furthermore, the roles of both acute and chronic effects of physical exercise on health, aging, and chronic diseases in immunometabolic changes should be elaborated. In immune cells, β2 adrenergic signaling stimulates the preferential mobilization of inflammatory phenotypes, such as CD16+ monocytes and CD8+ T cells, into the bloodstream after a physical exercise session. The mobilization of immune cells is closely related to the availability of energetic substrates for the cell and mechanisms associated with the uptake and oxidation of fatty acids and glucose. These cells, especially senescent T cells, are mobilized to the peripheral tissues and undergo apoptotic signaling, stimulating the creation of a "vacant space" where new cells will be matured and replaced in the circulation. This results in the upregulation of the expression and secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-1ra), leading to increased regulatory immune cells that provide immunoregulatory properties. Thus, we suggest that a significant nutrient available to the cell will favor oxidative metabolism, augment ATP production, and consequently maintain the immune cells in their quiescent state, as well as promote rapid activation function. Therefore, based on the studies discussed in this perspective review, we highlight the importance of performing moderate-intensity continuous and high-intensity intermittent aerobic exercises, due to a higher magnitude of energetic demand and release of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila S Padilha
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Ana E Von Ah Morano
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise, Scientific Research Group Related to Physical Activity, Sao Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - José C Rosa-Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, E LIM-26, University of São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio S Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil.,Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, Research Center for Sports and Physical Activity, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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31
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Melo GC, Carvalho ACA, Mendes MLT, do Nascimento RO, de Araújo KCGM, Tanajura DM, Santos VS, Martins-Filho PR. Association between frailty phenotype, quantification of plasma HIV-1 RNA, CD4 cell count and HAART in HIV-positive subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. AIDS Care 2022; 34:1159-1168. [PMID: 34292108 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2021.1956414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
HIV infection causes a constant activation of the immune system and contributes to an enhanced systemic pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu, which has been associated with premature aging and frailty. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze whether the HIV-1 RNA load, CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts and exposure to HAART in HIV-positive subjects are associated with frailty phenotype. Searches were performed in PubMed, SCOPUS, Lilacs, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and OpenThesis databases. We used the odds ratio as a measure of the association. We used either a fixed or random-effects model to pool the results of individual studies depending on the presence of heterogeneity. Eleven studies were included in the review. Data from 8035 HIV-positive subjects were analyzed; 2413 of the subjects had viral load detectable, 981 had a CD4T-cell count <350 cells/μL, and 1342 had HAART exposure information. We found an association between frailty and CD4T-cell count <350 cells/μL (OR 2.68, CI 95% 1.68-4.26, I2 = 46%), HIV-1 RNA load detectable (OR 1.71, CI 95% 1.38-2.12, I2 = 0%), and protease inhibitor-containing HAART regimen (OR 2.21, CI 95% 1.26-3.89, I2 = 0%). Further studies are necessary to evaluate the effects of other factors on the development of clinical features related to frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline Carla Araújo Carvalho
- State University of Health Sciences of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil.,Investigative Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil.,Cesmac University Center, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Diego Moura Tanajura
- Investigative Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Victor Santana Santos
- Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Arapiraca, Brazil
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32
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Samannodi M, Alwafi H, Naser AY, Al Qurashi AA, Qedair JT, Salawati E, Almatrafi MA, Ekram R, Bukhari RI, Dahlawi M, Hafiz B, Mandora R, Alsindi RK, Tayeb S, Minshawi F. Determinants of Post-COVID-19 Conditions among SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Diseases 2022; 10:diseases10030055. [PMID: 36135212 PMCID: PMC9497712 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10030055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Large numbers of people infected with COVID-19 developed acute symptoms. Post-COVID-19 conditions have been reported after recovery or discharge from the hospital. However, little is known about the prevalence and possible risk factors of post-COVID-19 conditions in the Saudi community. Here, we describe the incidence of post-COVID-19 conditions among the general population of Saudi Arabia. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, nationwide study using an online survey in Saudi Arabia from 1 September 2021 to 28 February 2022. The survey was distributed using social media platforms, such as Twitter, WhatsApp, and Facebook. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in the questionnaire adapted from published studies. Result: The study enrolled 7520 individuals who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. Most patients in our study were symptomatic and their acute symptoms may persist for more than six days. On the other hand, long-term complications may develop and continue for an extended period (post-COVID-19 conditions). Most of these complications are respiratory, neurological, psychological, or skin related. The proportion of long-term complications reported in this study is 36% among SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals. In addition, being female, old age, number of chronic complications, long-term medication, length of stay in hospital and intensive care unit, and duration of acute symptoms may be significant predictors of post-COVID-19 symptoms. Conclusion: In conclusion, the incidence of post-COVID-19 conditions among the Saudi population was high, which urges further investigation into the risk factors associated with post-COVID-19 symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Samannodi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Alwafi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia
- Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Mecca 24241, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah Y. Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan
| | - Abdullah A. Al Qurashi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jumanah T. Qedair
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah 22384, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad Salawati
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rakan Ekram
- School of Public Health and Health Informatics, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahaf I. Bukhari
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Dahlawi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bayan Hafiz
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roaa Mandora
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ranin K. Alsindi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Tayeb
- Department of Medicine, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah 23311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Minshawi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-5555-328-75
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33
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Vasconcelos ABS, Aragão-Santos JC, de Resende-Neto AG, Rodrigues LS, Corrêa CB, Schimieguel DM, Camargo EA, de Paula Ramos S, Da Silva-Grigoletto ME. Effects of functional and combined training on subsets of memory T cells and functional fitness of postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial. Exp Gerontol 2022; 167:111898. [PMID: 35863693 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of functional (FT) and combined (CT) training on memory T cells and functional fitness of postmenopausal women. 108 participants were randomly allocated to the control (CG), FT and CT groups. Functional fitness was assessed through physical tests similar to daily activities, such as dressing on and taking off a t-shirt (DTTS), 10-meter walking and countermovement jump. The CCR7 and CD45RA surface markers were used to characterize the memory T cells. Regarding the frequency of memory T cells, both training protocols reduced the percentage of CD4+ Terminally Differentiated Effector Memory T Cells Re-Expressing CD45RA (TEMRA) (FT: -38.73 %, p = 0.0455; CT: -30.43 %, p = 0.0036) and CD8+ TEMRA cells (FT: -22.24 %, p < 0.0013; CT: -13.13 %, p = 0.0051). Also, both FT and CT increased the percentage of central memory (TCM) CD4+ (FT: +55.22 %, p = 0.0104; CT: +68.03 %, p = 0.0167) and CD8+ (FT: +142.00 %, p < 0.0001; CT: +83.76 %, p = 0.0001) T cells. Furthermore, FT and CT increased the percentages of CD8+ effector memory T cells (TEM) (FT: +63.58 %, p < 0.0001; CT: +14.12 %, p = 0.0041). Regarding functional fitness, both training protocols reduced the time required to perform the DTTS (FT: -19.71 %, p < 0.0001; CT: -14.69 %, p < 0.0001) and 10-m walk tests (FT: -13.05 %, p < 0.0001; CT: -12.83 %, p < 0.0001), in addition to improving jumping ability (FT: +29.97 %, p < 0.0001; CT: +20.00 %, p < 0.0001), both compared to the pre-test or to the CG. Therefore, both FT and CT seem to be equally effective alternatives for promoting the reduction of CD4+ and CD8+ TEMRA cells, increasing the frequency of TCM and TEM cells, and improving functional fitness of postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Bruno Silva Vasconcelos
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PROCFIS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil; Functional Training Group (FTG), Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
| | - José Carlos Aragão-Santos
- Functional Training Group (FTG), Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Antônio Gomes de Resende-Neto
- Functional Training Group (FTG), Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiane Bani Corrêa
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PROCFIS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Enilton Aparecido Camargo
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PROCFIS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Marzo Edir Da Silva-Grigoletto
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PROCFIS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil; Functional Training Group (FTG), Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
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34
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A.V.S SK, Sinha S, Donakonda S. Virus-host interaction network analysis in Colorectal cancer identifies core virus network signature and small molecules. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:4025-4039. [PMID: 35983230 PMCID: PMC9356043 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Systematic analysis of virus-host networks identified key pathways in CRC. Core virus-CRC network revealed the growth pathway regulated by viruses. Short linear motif analysis identified druggable regions in virus proteins. Virtual screening revealed key anti-viral molecules against viral proteins. Molecular dynamics simulations showed the effect of anti-viral molecules.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant contributor to cancer-related deaths caused by an unhealthy lifestyle. Multiple studies reveal that viruses are involved in colorectal tumorigenesis. The viruses such as Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Human papillomaviruses (HPV16 & HPV18), and John Cunningham virus (JCV) are known to cause colorectal cancer. The molecular mechanisms of cancer genesis and maintenance shared by these viruses remain unclear. We analysed the virus-host networks and connected them with colorectal cancer proteome datasets and extracted the core shared interactions in the virus-host CRC network. Our network topology analysis identified prominent virus proteins RL6 (HCMV), VE6 (HPV16 and HPV18), and Large T antigen (JCV). Sequence analysis uncovered short linear motifs (SLiMs) in each viral target. We used these targets to identify the antiviral drugs through a structure-based virtual screening approach. This analysis highlighted that temsavir, pimodivir, famotine, and bictegravir bind to each virus protein target, respectively. We also assessed the effect of drug binding using molecular dynamic simulations, which shed light on the modulatory effect of drug molecules on SLiM regions in viral targets. Hence, our systematic screening of virus-host networks revealed viral targets, which could be crucial for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Krishna A.V.S
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Allied Health Sciences, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Swati Sinha
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Allied Health Sciences, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sainitin Donakonda
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Corresponding author.
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35
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Zhou L, Ge M, Zhang Y, Wu X, Leng M, Gan C, Mou Y, Zhou J, Valencia CA, Hao Q, Zhu B, Dong B, Dong B. Centenarians Alleviate Inflammaging by Changing the Ratio and Secretory Phenotypes of T Helper 17 and Regulatory T Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:877709. [PMID: 35721185 PMCID: PMC9203077 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.877709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system of centenarians remains active and young to prevent cancer and infections. Aging is associated with inflammaging, a persistent low-grade inflammatory state in which CD4+ T cells play a role. However, there are few studies that have been done on the CD4+ T cell subsets in centenarians. Herein, the changes in CD4+ T cell subsets were investigated in centenarians. It was found that with aging, the old adults had higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines and lower levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in plasma. The levels of CRP, IL-12, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-10 were further increased in centenarians compared to old adults. While the levels of IL-17A, IL-1β, IL-23 and TGF-β in centenarians were closer to those in young adults. The total CD4+, CD8+, Th17 and Treg cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were similar among the three groups. It was observed that the ratio of Th17/Treg cells was elevated in old adults compared to young adults. The ratio was not further elevated in centenarians but rather decreased. In addition, the ex vivo PBMCs differentiation assay showed that increased Th17 cells in centenarians tended to secrete fewer proinflammatory cytokines, while decreased Treg cells in centenarians were prone to secrete more anti-inflammatory cytokines. These observations suggested centenarians alleviated inflammaging by decreasing the ratio of Th17/Treg cells and changing them into anti-inflammatory secretory phenotypes, which provided a novel mechanism for anti-aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixing Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiling Ge
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaochu Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mi Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunmei Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Mou
- Geroscience and Chronic Disease Department, The 8th Municipal Hospital for the People, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - C Alexander Valencia
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Interpath Laboratory, Pendleton, OR, United States.,Department of Preclinical Education, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie, PA, United States
| | - Qiukui Hao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Geroscience and Chronic Disease Department, The 8th Municipal Hospital for the People, Chengdu, China
| | - Biao Dong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Birong Dong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Department of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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36
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Study on the Mechanism of Bu-Shen-He-Mai Granules in Improving Renal Damage of Ageing Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats by Regulating Th17 Cell/Tregs Balance. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8315503. [PMID: 35502169 PMCID: PMC9056229 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8315503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Methods Blood pressure and urine biochemical indices were recorded. Renal blood flow was evaluated by renal ultrasonography. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and HE staining were used to assess kidney and spleen morphology. Renal fibrosis was assessed using Masson staining. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A were measured using ELISAs. The density of RORγ and Foxp3 in the spleen was observed by immunofluorescence staining. The levels of Th17 cells and Tregs in blood were detected via flow cytometry. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to screen the targets of BSHM granules in hypertensive kidneys. Results BSHM granules decreased SBP by 21.2 mm·Hg and DBP by 8.8 mm·Hg in ageing SHRs (P < 0.05), decreased the levels of urine mALB, β2-Mg, and NAG (P < 0.01), and improved renal blood flow and arteriosclerosis. BSHM granules increased IL-10 expression (P < 0.05) while decreasing IL-6 (P < 0.01) and IL-17A (P < 0.05) levels. BSHM granules improved Foxp3 density and the number of Tregs (P < 0.01) and reduced RORγt density and the number of Th17 cells (P < 0.01). Transcriptome sequencing identified 747 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs in kidneys after BSHM treatment. GO analysis suggested that BSHM granules act through immunoregulation. Conclusions BSHM granules attenuated hypertensive renal damage in ageing SHRs, by significantly increasing Tregs and decreasing Th17 cells.
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Fulop T, Larbi A, Pawelec G, Cohen AA, Provost G, Khalil A, Lacombe G, Rodrigues S, Desroches M, Hirokawa K, Franceschi C, Witkowski JM. Immunosenescence and Altered Vaccine Efficiency in Older Subjects: A Myth Difficult to Change. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040607. [PMID: 35455356 PMCID: PMC9030923 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Organismal ageing is associated with many physiological changes, including differences in the immune system of most animals. These differences are often considered to be a key cause of age-associated diseases as well as decreased vaccine responses in humans. The most often cited vaccine failure is seasonal influenza, but, while it is usually the case that the efficiency of this vaccine is lower in older than younger adults, this is not always true, and the reasons for the differential responses are manifold. Undoubtedly, changes in the innate and adaptive immune response with ageing are associated with failure to respond to the influenza vaccine, but the cause is unclear. Moreover, recent advances in vaccine formulations and adjuvants, as well as in our understanding of immune changes with ageing, have contributed to the development of vaccines, such as those against herpes zoster and SARS-CoV-2, that can protect against serious disease in older adults just as well as in younger people. In the present article, we discuss the reasons why it is a myth that vaccines inevitably protect less well in older individuals, and that vaccines represent one of the most powerful means to protect the health and ensure the quality of life of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Fulop
- Research Center on Aging, Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.K.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Singapore 138648, Singapore;
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen, Germany;
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON P3E 2H2, Canada
| | - Alan A. Cohen
- Groupe de Recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
| | | | - Abedelouahed Khalil
- Research Center on Aging, Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Guy Lacombe
- Research Center on Aging, Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Serafim Rodrigues
- Ikerbasque, The Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain;
- BCAM—The Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Mathieu Desroches
- MathNeuro Team, Inria Sophia Antipolis Méditerranée, CEDEX, 06902 Sophia Antipolis, France;
- The Jean Alexandre Dieudonné Laboratory, Université Côte d’Azur, CEDEX 2, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Katsuiku Hirokawa
- Institute of Health and Life Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan;
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Laboratory of Systems Biology of Healthy Aging, Lobachevsky State University, 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Jacek M. Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
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Emery A, Moore S, Turner JE, Campbell JP. Reframing How Physical Activity Reduces The Incidence of Clinically-Diagnosed Cancers: Appraising Exercise-Induced Immuno-Modulation As An Integral Mechanism. Front Oncol 2022; 12:788113. [PMID: 35359426 PMCID: PMC8964011 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.788113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Undertaking a high volume of physical activity is associated with reduced risk of a broad range of clinically diagnosed cancers. These findings, which imply that physical activity induces physiological changes that avert or suppress neoplastic activity, are supported by preclinical intervention studies in rodents demonstrating that structured regular exercise commonly represses tumour growth. In Part 1 of this review, we summarise epidemiology and preclinical evidence linking physical activity or regular structured exercise with reduced cancer risk or tumour growth. Despite abundant evidence that physical activity commonly exerts anti-cancer effects, the mechanism(s)-of-action responsible for these beneficial outcomes is undefined and remains subject to ongoing speculation. In Part 2, we outline why altered immune regulation from physical activity - specifically to T cells - is likely an integral mechanism. We do this by first explaining how physical activity appears to modulate the cancer immunoediting process. In doing so, we highlight that augmented elimination of immunogenic cancer cells predominantly leads to the containment of cancers in a 'precancerous' or 'covert' equilibrium state, thus reducing the incidence of clinically diagnosed cancers among physically active individuals. In seeking to understand how physical activity might augment T cell function to avert cancer outgrowth, in Part 3 we appraise how physical activity affects the determinants of a successful T cell response against immunogenic cancer cells. Using the cancer immunogram as a basis for this evaluation, we assess the effects of physical activity on: (i) general T cell status in blood, (ii) T cell infiltration to tissues, (iii) presence of immune checkpoints associated with T cell exhaustion and anergy, (iv) presence of inflammatory inhibitors of T cells and (v) presence of metabolic inhibitors of T cells. The extent to which physical activity alters these determinants to reduce the risk of clinically diagnosed cancers - and whether physical activity changes these determinants in an interconnected or unrelated manner - is unresolved. Accordingly, we analyse how physical activity might alter each determinant, and we show how these changes may interconnect to explain how physical activity alters T cell regulation to prevent cancer outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Emery
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Moore
- Department of Haematology, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - James E Turner
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - John P Campbell
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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Zeng N, Capelle CM, Baron A, Kobayashi T, Cire S, Tslaf V, Leonard C, Coowar D, Koseki H, Westendorf AM, Buer J, Brenner D, Krüger R, Balling R, Ollert M, Hefeng FQ. DJ-1 depletion prevents immunoaging in T-cell compartments. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e53302. [PMID: 35037711 PMCID: PMC8892345 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Decline in immune function during aging increases susceptibility to different aging-related diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms, especially the genetic factors contributing to imbalance of naïve/memory T-cell subpopulations, still remain largely elusive. Here, we show that loss of DJ-1 encoded by PARK7/DJ-1, causing early-onset familial Parkinson's disease (PD), unexpectedly diminished signs of immunoaging in T-cell compartments of both human and mice. Compared with two gender-matched unaffected siblings of similar ages, the index PD patient with DJ-1 deficiency showed a decline in many critical immunoaging features, including almost doubled non-senescent T cells. The observation was further consolidated by the results in 45-week-old DJ-1 knockout mice. Our data demonstrated that DJ-1 regulates several immunoaging features via hematopoietic-intrinsic and naïve-CD8-intrinsic mechanisms. Mechanistically, DJ-1 depletion reduced oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and impaired TCR sensitivity in naïve CD8 T cells at a young age, accumulatively leading to a reduced aging process in T-cell compartments in older mice. Our finding suggests an unrecognized critical role of DJ-1 in regulating immunoaging, discovering a potent target to interfere with immunoaging- and aging-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zeng
- Department of Infection and ImmunityLuxembourg Institute of Health (LIH)Esch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and MedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Christophe M Capelle
- Department of Infection and ImmunityLuxembourg Institute of Health (LIH)Esch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and MedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Alexandre Baron
- Department of Infection and ImmunityLuxembourg Institute of Health (LIH)Esch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Takumi Kobayashi
- Department of Infection and ImmunityLuxembourg Institute of Health (LIH)Esch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Severine Cire
- Department of Infection and ImmunityLuxembourg Institute of Health (LIH)Esch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Vera Tslaf
- Department of Infection and ImmunityLuxembourg Institute of Health (LIH)Esch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and MedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
- Transversal Translational MedicineLuxembourg Institute of Health (LIH)StrassenLuxembourg
| | - Cathy Leonard
- Department of Infection and ImmunityLuxembourg Institute of Health (LIH)Esch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Djalil Coowar
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB)University of LuxembourgBelvauxLuxembourg
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Laboratory for Developmental GeneticsRIKEN Center for Integrative Medical SciencesYokohamaJapan
- AMED‐CRESTJapanese Agency for Medical Research and DevelopmentYokohamaJapan
| | - Astrid M Westendorf
- Institute of Medical MicrobiologyUniversity Hospital EssenUniversity Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Jan Buer
- Institute of Medical MicrobiologyUniversity Hospital EssenUniversity Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Dirk Brenner
- Department of Infection and ImmunityLuxembourg Institute of Health (LIH)Esch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB)University of LuxembourgBelvauxLuxembourg
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Transversal Translational MedicineLuxembourg Institute of Health (LIH)StrassenLuxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB)University of LuxembourgBelvauxLuxembourg
- Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL)LuxembourgLuxembourg
| | - Rudi Balling
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB)University of LuxembourgBelvauxLuxembourg
- Present address:
Institute of Molecular PsychiatryUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection and ImmunityLuxembourg Institute of Health (LIH)Esch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy CenterOdense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA)University of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Feng Q Hefeng
- Department of Infection and ImmunityLuxembourg Institute of Health (LIH)Esch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
- Institute of Medical MicrobiologyUniversity Hospital EssenUniversity Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
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Soda K. Overview of Polyamines as Nutrients for Human Healthy Long Life and Effect of Increased Polyamine Intake on DNA Methylation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11010164. [PMID: 35011727 PMCID: PMC8750749 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines, spermidine and spermine, are synthesized in every living cell and are therefore contained in foods, especially in those that are thought to contribute to health and longevity. They have many physiological activities similar to those of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory substances such as polyphenols. These include antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, cell and gene protection, and autophagy activation. We have first reported that increased polyamine intake (spermidine much more so than spermine) over a long period increased blood spermine levels and inhibited aging-associated pathologies and pro-inflammatory status in humans and mice and extended life span of mice. However, it is unlikely that the life-extending effect of polyamines is exerted by the same bioactivity as polyphenols because most studies using polyphenols and antioxidants have failed to demonstrate their life-extending effects. Recent investigations revealed that aging-associated pathologies and lifespan are closely associated with DNA methylation, a regulatory mechanism of gene expression. There is a close relationship between polyamine metabolism and DNA methylation. We have shown that the changes in polyamine metabolism affect the concentrations of substances and enzyme activities involved in DNA methylation. I consider that the increased capability of regulation of DNA methylation by spermine is a key of healthy long life of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniyasu Soda
- Department Cardiovascular Institute for Medical Research, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847, Amanuma, Saitama-City 330-0834, Saitama, Japan
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Shenoy S. Gut microbiome, Vitamin D, ACE2 interactions are critical factors in immune-senescence and inflammaging: key for vaccine response and severity of COVID-19 infection. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:13-26. [PMID: 34738147 PMCID: PMC8568567 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01510-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues to spread sporadically in the Unites States and worldwide. The severity and mortality excessively affected the frail elderly with co-existing medical diseases. There is growing evidence that cross-talk between the gut microbiome, Vitamin D and RAS/ACE2 system is essential for a balanced functioning of the elderly immune system and in regulating inflammation. In this review, we hypothesize that the state of gut microbiome, prior to infection determines the outcome associated with COVID-19 sepsis and may also be a critical factor in success to vaccination. METHODS Articles from PubMed/Medline searches were reviewed using a combination of terms "SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Inflammaging, Immune-senescence, Gut microbiome, Vitamin D, RAS/ACE2, Vaccination". CONCLUSION Evidence indicates a complex association between gut microbiota, ACE-2 expression and Vitamin D in COVID-19 severity. Status of gut microbiome is highly predictive of the blood molecular signatures and inflammatory markers and host responses to infection. Vitamin D has immunomodulatory function in innate and adaptive immune responses to viral infection. Anti-inflammatory functions of Vit D include regulation of gut microbiome and maintaining microbial diversity. It promotes growth of gut-friendly commensal strains of Bifida and Fermicutus species. In addition, Vitamin D is a negative regulator for expression of renin and interacts with the RAS/ ACE/ACE-2 signaling axis. Collectively, this triad may be the critical, link in determination of outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The presented data are empirical and informative. Further research using advanced systems biology techniques and artificial intelligence-assisted integration could assist with correlation of the gut microbiome with sepsis and vaccine responses. Modulating these factors may impact in guiding the success of vaccines and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Shenoy
- Department of Surgery, Kansas City VA Medical Center, University of Missouri Kansas City, 4801 E Linwood Blvd., Kansas City , MO, 64128, USA.
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Liisborg C, Skov V, Kjær L, Hasselbalch HC, Sørensen TL. Retinal drusen in patients with chronic myeloproliferative blood cancers are associated with an increased proportion of senescent T cells and signs of an aging immune system. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:25763-25777. [PMID: 34954692 PMCID: PMC8751607 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cause of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is unknown, but evidence indicates that both innate and adaptive immunity play a role in the pathogenesis. Our recent work has investigated AMD in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) since they have increased drusen and AMD prevalence. We have previously found increased levels of chronic low-grade inflammation (CLI) in MPN patients with drusen (MPNd) compared to MPN patients with normal retinas (MPNn). CLI and AMD are both associated with aging, and we, therefore, wanted to study immunosenescence markers in MPNd, MPNn, and AMD. The purpose was to identify differences between MPNd and MPNn, which might reveal novel information relevant to drusen pathophysiology and thereby the AMD pathogenesis. Our results suggest that MPNd have a T cell differentiation profile resembling AMD and more effector memory T cells than MPNn. The senescence-associated-secretory-phenotype (SASP) is associated with effector T cells. SASP is thought to play a role in driving CLI seen with advancing age. Senescent cells with SASP may damage healthy tissue, including the eye tissues affected in AMD. The finding of increased effector cells in MPNd could implicate a role for adaptive immunity and senescent T cells together with increased CLI in drusen pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Liisborg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Vibe Skov
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - Lasse Kjær
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - Hans Carl Hasselbalch
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
| | - Torben Lykke Sørensen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
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Reduced Immunosenescence of Peripheral Blood T Cells in Parkinson's Disease with CMV Infection Background. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313119. [PMID: 34884936 PMCID: PMC8658620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence is a process of remodeling the immune system under the influence of chronic inflammation during aging. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common age-associated neurodegenerative disorder and is frequently accompanied by neuroinflammation. On the other hand, cytomegalovirus (CMV), one of the most spread infections in humans, may induce chronic inflammation which contributes to immunosenescence, differentiation and the inflation of T cells and NK cells. Currently, there is no clear understanding of immunosenescence severity in PD patients infected with CMV. In this study, we analyzed differentiation stages and immunosenescence characteristics of T cells and NK cells in 31 patients with mild and moderate PD severity, 33 age-matched and 30 young healthy donors. The PD patients were 100% CMV-seropositive compared to 76% age-matched and 73% young CMV-infected healthy donors. The proportion of effector memory T cells re-expressing CD45RA, CD57+CD56− T cells and CD57+CD56+ T cells was significantly reduced in PD patients compared with CMV-seropositive age-matched healthy individuals. The CD57+CD56− T cell proportion in PD patients was similar to that of CMV-seropositive young healthy donors. Thus, PD is characterized by reduced peripheral blood T cell immunosenescence, even against the background of CMV infection.
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Theall B, Stampley J, Cho E, Granger J, Johannsen NM, Irving BA, Spielmann G. Impact of acute exercise on peripheral blood mononuclear cells nutrient sensing and mitochondrial oxidative capacity in healthy young adults. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15147. [PMID: 34889067 PMCID: PMC8661513 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise is associated with changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proportions that have enhanced effector functions in young and old adults; however, the effects of acute exercise on PBMC nutrient sensors and metabolic function in active young adults is unknown. To fill this gap, activation status and nutrient-sensing mechanisms of PBMCs isolated from 21 healthy active adults (20-35 yr; 36.5 ± 6.3 V̇O2peak ) were characterized before and after 30 min of moderate-to-vigorous cycling (65%-75% V̇O2peak ). In addition, changes in PBMC mitochondrial respiratory function in response to exercise were assessed using high-resolution respirometry. There was an increase in the number of activated CD69+/CD4 (79% increase) and CD69+/CD8 (166% increase) T-cells in response to the acute bout of exercise, while the nutrient-sensing mechanisms remained unchanged. PBMC mitochondrial respiration did not increase on a cell-per-cell basis, however, mitochondrial oxidative capacity (OXPHOS) increased at the tissue level (18.6 pmol/(s*ml blood) versus 29.3 pmol/(s*ml blood); p < 0.05) in response to acute exercise. Thus, this study shows that acute exercise preferentially mobilizes activated T-cells while concomitantly increasing PBMC mitochondrial oxidative capacity at the tissue level, rather than acutely changing mitochondrial oxidative capacity at the cellular level in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey Theall
- School of KinesiologyLouisiana State UniversityHuey P Long FieldhouseBaton RougeLouisinaUSA
| | - James Stampley
- School of KinesiologyLouisiana State UniversityHuey P Long FieldhouseBaton RougeLouisinaUSA
| | - Eunhan Cho
- School of KinesiologyLouisiana State UniversityHuey P Long FieldhouseBaton RougeLouisinaUSA
| | - Joshua Granger
- School of KinesiologyLouisiana State UniversityHuey P Long FieldhouseBaton RougeLouisinaUSA
| | - Neil M. Johannsen
- School of KinesiologyLouisiana State UniversityHuey P Long FieldhouseBaton RougeLouisinaUSA
- Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLouisinaUSA
| | - Brian A. Irving
- School of KinesiologyLouisiana State UniversityHuey P Long FieldhouseBaton RougeLouisinaUSA
- Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLouisinaUSA
| | - Guillaume Spielmann
- School of KinesiologyLouisiana State UniversityHuey P Long FieldhouseBaton RougeLouisinaUSA
- Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLouisinaUSA
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[Immunosenescence, viral infections and nutrition: A narrative review of scientific available evidence]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2021; 57:33-38. [PMID: 34844781 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Aging of the immune system, or immunosenescence, alters the viral immune response in the elderly, especially when frailty exists. Research findings have demonstrated an imbalance in pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, reduced production and diversification of T lymphocytes, and an alteration in immunovigilance and antibody synthesis. In this context, nutrition has a role in combating sarcopenia and frailty. Some food components that contribute to immune-competence are protein, vitamin D, n-3 fatty acids, antioxidant vitamins (vitamins C and E), zinc, selenium and iron. In times of a pandemic, nutritional recommendations for immune-competence in the elderly should be based on clinical studies. In this article, immunosenescence and its relationship to nutrition are addressed, including interventions studied in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Koppula S, Akther M, Haque ME, Kopalli SR. Potential Nutrients from Natural and Synthetic Sources Targeting Inflammaging-A Review of Literature, Clinical Data and Patents. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114058. [PMID: 34836313 PMCID: PMC8617641 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammaging, the steady development of the inflammatory state over age is an attributable characteristic of aging that potentiates the initiation of pathogenesis in many age-related disorders (ARDs) including neurodegenerative diseases, arthritis, cancer, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, and osteoporosis. Inflammaging is characterized by subclinical chronic, low grade, steady inflammatory states and is considered a crucial underlying cause behind the high mortality and morbidity rate associated with ARDs. Although a coherent set of studies detailed the underlying pathomechanisms of inflammaging, the potential benefits from non-toxic nutrients from natural and synthetic sources in modulating or delaying inflammaging processes was not discussed. In this review, the available literature and recent updates of natural and synthetic nutrients that help in controlling inflammaging process was explored. Also, we discussed the clinical trial reports and patent claims on potential nutrients demonstrating therapeutic benefits in controlling inflammaging and inflammation-associated ARDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushruta Koppula
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27381, Korea; (S.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Mahbuba Akther
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27381, Korea; (S.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Md Ezazul Haque
- Department of Applied Life Science, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27381, Korea;
| | - Spandana Rajendra Kopalli
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-6935-2619
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Duchowny KA, Noppert GA. The Association Between Cytomegalovirus and Disability by Race/Ethnicity and Sex: Results From the Health and Retirement Study. Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:2314-2322. [PMID: 34017977 PMCID: PMC8799899 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have documented a decline in the overall prevalence of disability in the United States; however, racial/ethnic and sex disparities continue to persist. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, a socially patterned exposure, may be a key mechanism in understanding these previously documented disparities. Using data from a nationally representative study, the 2016 Health and Retirement Study, we employed Poisson log-binomial models to estimate the prevalence of disability in a comparison of CMV-seropositive and -seronegative adults and investigated effect modification by race/ethnicity and sex. Among the 9,029 participants (55% women; mean age = 67.4 years), 63% were CMV-seropositive and 15% were disabled. CMV seropositivity was highest among non-Hispanic Black (88%) and Hispanic (92%) adults as compared with non-Hispanic White adults (57%). We found evidence for effect modification in the association between CMV and disability by sex but not race/ethnicity. While the 95% confidence intervals in the fully adjusted models included the null value, in comparison with seronegative women, our results suggest a greater prevalence of disability among CMV-seropositive women (prevalence ratio = 1.16, 95% confidence interval: 0.97, 1.38) but not among men (prevalence ratio = 0.85, 95% confidence interval: 0.69, 1.06). Results provide initial support for the hypothesis that CMV may be an important determinant of sex disparities in disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate A Duchowny
- Correspondence to Dr. Kate A. Duchowny, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, Second Floor, San Francisco, CA 94158 (e-mail: )
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Noppert GA, Stebbins RC, Dowd JB, Hummer RA, Aiello AE. Life Course Socioeconomic Disadvantage and the Aging Immune System: Findings From the Health and Retirement Study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:1195-1205. [PMID: 32880643 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous research has documented a consistent association between current socioeconomic status (SES) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Early life is likely a critical period for CMV exposure and immune development, but less is known about early-life socioeconomic factors and CMV, particularly in older age populations. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, we investigated the association between life course socioeconomic disadvantage and immune response to CMV among older adults. METHODS Using ordered logit models, we estimated associations between several measures of socioeconomic disadvantage and the odds of being in a higher CMV Immunoglobulin G (IgG) response category in a sample of 8,168 respondents aged older than 50 years. RESULTS We found a significant association between educational attainment and CMV IgG response. Those with less than a high school education had 2.00 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.67-2.40) times the odds of being in a higher CMV category compared to those with a college degree or greater. In addition, we also observed a significant association with parental education and CMV response. Individuals with parents having 8 years or less of schooling had 2.32 (95% CI: 2.00-2.70) times the odds of higher CMV response compared to those whose parents had greater than high school education. DISCUSSION CMV IgG levels in older adults are associated with both early-life and adult SES. Life course socioeconomic disadvantage may contribute to disparities in immunological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A Noppert
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | - Jennifer B Dowd
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, UK.,CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York
| | - Robert A Hummer
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.,Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Allison E Aiello
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.,Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Fleyshman DI, Wakshlag JJ, Huson HJ, Loftus JP, Olby NJ, Brodsky L, Gudkov AV, Andrianova EL. Development of infrastructure for a systemic multidisciplinary approach to study aging in retired sled dogs. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:21814-21837. [PMID: 34587118 PMCID: PMC8507265 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Canines represent a valuable model for mammalian aging studies as large animals with short lifespans, allowing longitudinal analyses within a reasonable time frame. Moreover, they develop a spectrum of aging-related diseases resembling that of humans, are exposed to similar environments, and have been reasonably well studied in terms of physiology and genetics. To overcome substantial variables that complicate studies of privately-owned household dogs, we have focused on a more uniform population composed of retired Alaskan sled dogs that shared similar lifestyles, including exposure to natural stresses, and are less prone to breed-specific biases than a pure breed population. To reduce variability even further, we have collected a population of 103 retired (8-11 years-old) sled dogs from multiple North American kennels in a specialized research facility named Vaika. Vaika dogs are maintained under standardized conditions with professional veterinary care and participate in a multidisciplinary program to assess the longitudinal dynamics of aging. The established Vaika infrastructure enables periodic gathering of quantitative data reflecting physical, physiological, immunological, neurological, and cognitive decline, as well as monitoring of aging-associated genetic and epigenetic alterations occurring in somatic cells. In addition, we assess the development of age-related diseases such as arthritis and cancer. In-depth data analysis, including artificial intelligence-based approaches, will build a comprehensive, integrated model of canine aging and potentially identify aging biomarkers that will allow use of this model for future testing of antiaging therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph J Wakshlag
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Heather J Huson
- Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - John P Loftus
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Natasha J Olby
- North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Leonid Brodsky
- Tauber Bioinformatic Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Andrei V Gudkov
- Vaika, Inc., East Aurora, NY 14052, USA.,Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Shirakawa K, Sano M. T Cell Immunosenescence in Aging, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092435. [PMID: 34572084 PMCID: PMC8464832 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although advances in preventive medicine have greatly improved prognosis, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. This clearly indicates that there remain residual cardiovascular risks that have not been targeted by conventional therapies. The results of multiple animal studies and clinical trials clearly indicate that inflammation is the most important residual risk and a potential target for CVD prevention. The immune cell network is intricately regulated to maintain homeostasis. Ageing associated changes to the immune system occurs in both innate and adaptive immune cells, however T cells are most susceptible to this process. T-cell changes due to thymic degeneration and homeostatic proliferation, metabolic abnormalities, telomere length shortening, and epigenetic changes associated with aging and obesity may not only reduce normal immune function, but also induce inflammatory tendencies, a process referred to as immunosenescence. Since the disruption of biological homeostasis by T cell immunosenescence is closely related to the development and progression of CVD via inflammation, senescent T cells are attracting attention as a new therapeutic target. In this review, we discuss the relationship between CVD and T cell immunosenescence associated with aging and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohsuke Shirakawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138421, Japan;
| | - Motoaki Sano
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 1608582, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-(3)-5363-3874
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