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Cangalaya C, Sun W, Stoyanov S, Dunay IR, Dityatev A. Integrity of neural extracellular matrix is required for microglia-mediated synaptic remodeling. Glia 2024; 72:1874-1892. [PMID: 38946065 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Microglia continuously remodel synapses, which are embedded in the extracellular matrix (ECM). However, the mechanisms, which govern this process remain elusive. To investigate the influence of the neural ECM in synaptic remodeling by microglia, we disrupted ECM integrity by injection of chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) into the retrosplenial cortex of healthy adult mice. Using in vivo two-photon microscopy we found that ChABC treatment increased microglial branching complexity and ECM phagocytic capacity and decreased spine elimination rate under basal conditions. Moreover, ECM attenuation largely prevented synaptic remodeling following synaptic stress induced by photodamage of single synaptic elements. These changes were associated with less stable and smaller microglial contacts at the synaptic damage sites, diminished deposition of calreticulin and complement proteins C1q and C3 at synapses and impaired expression of microglial CR3 receptor. Thus, our findings provide novel insights into the function of the neural ECM in deposition of complement proteins and synaptic remodeling by microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Cangalaya
- Molecular Neuroplasticity Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Weilun Sun
- Molecular Neuroplasticity Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Stoyan Stoyanov
- Molecular Neuroplasticity Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ildiko Rita Dunay
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Dityatev
- Molecular Neuroplasticity Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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2
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Liu R, Liu J, Cao Q, Chu Y, Chi H, Zhang J, Fu J, Zhang T, Fan L, Liang C, Luo X, Yang X, Li B. Identification of crucial genes through WGCNA in the progression of gastric cancer. J Cancer 2024; 15:3284-3296. [PMID: 38817876 PMCID: PMC11134444 DOI: 10.7150/jca.95757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: To explore the hub gene closely related to the progression of gastric cancer (GC), so as to provide a theoretical basis for revealing the therapeutic mechanism of GC. Methods: The gene expression profile and clinical data of GSE15459 in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were downloaded. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to screen the key modules related to GC progression. Survival analysis was used to assess the influence of hub genes on patients' outcomes. CIBERSORT analysis was used to predict the tissue infiltrating immune cells in patients. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to further verify the expression of hub genes. Results: Through WGCNA, a total of 26 co-expression modules were constructed, in which salmon module and royalblue module had strong correlation with GC progression. The results of enrichment analysis showed that genes in the two modules were mainly involved in toll-like receptor signaling pathway, cholesterol metabolism and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. Six hub genes (C1QA, C1QB, C1QC, FCER1G, FPR3 and TYROBP) related to GC progression were screened. Survival analysis showed overall survival in the high expression group was significantly lower than that in the low expression group. CIBERSORT analysis revealed that immune characteristics difference between patients in early stage and advanced stage. Immunohistochemical results confirmed that C1QB, FCER1G, FPR3 and TYROBP were significantly associated with disease progression in GC. Conclusion: Our study identified that C1QB, FCER1G, FPR3 and TYROBP played important roles in the progression of GC, and their specific mechanisms are worth further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Vascular surgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Lu Zhou, China
- Department of gastrointestinal surgery, Meishan People 's Hospital, Meishan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
- Department of general surgery, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, China
| | - Qiang Cao
- School of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macau, China
| | - Yanpeng Chu
- Department of general surgery, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, China
- Medical College, Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Dazhou, China
| | - Hao Chi
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of general surgery, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, China
| | - Jiangping Fu
- Oncology department, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, China
| | - Tianchi Zhang
- Department of general surgery, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, China
| | - Linguang Fan
- Department of general surgery, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, China
| | - Chaozhong Liang
- Department of general surgery, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, China
| | - Xiufang Luo
- Geriatric department, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
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3
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Abcouwer SF, Miglioranza Scavuzzi B, Kish PE, Kong D, Shanmugam S, Le XA, Yao J, Hager H, Zacks DN. The mouse retinal pigment epithelium mounts an innate immune defense response following retinal detachment. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:74. [PMID: 38528525 PMCID: PMC10964713 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) maintains photoreceptor viability and function, completes the visual cycle, and forms the outer blood-retinal barrier (oBRB). Loss of RPE function gives rise to several monogenic retinal dystrophies and contributes to age-related macular degeneration. Retinal detachment (RD) causes separation of the neurosensory retina from the underlying RPE, disrupting the functional and metabolic relationships between these layers. Although the retinal response to RD is highly studied, little is known about how the RPE responds to loss of this interaction. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to compare normal and detached RPE in the C57BL6/J mouse. The naïve mouse RPE transcriptome was compared to previously published RPE signature gene lists and from the union of these 14 genes (Bmp4, Crim1, Degs1, Gja1, Itgav, Mfap3l, Pdpn, Ptgds, Rbp1, Rnf13, Rpe65, Slc4a2, Sulf1 and Ttr) representing a core signature gene set applicable across rodent and human RPE was derived. Gene ontology enrichment analysis (GOEA) of the mouse RPE transcriptome identified expected RPE features and functions, such as pigmentation, phagocytosis, lysosomal and proteasomal degradation of proteins, and barrier function. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) at 1 and 7 days post retinal detachment (dprd) were defined as mRNA with a significant (padj≤0.05) fold change (FC) of 0.67 ≥ FC ≥ 1.5 in detached versus naïve RPE. The RPE transcriptome exhibited dramatic changes at 1 dprd, with 2297 DEG identified. The KEGG pathways and biological process GO groups related to innate immune responses were significantly enriched. Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) and several chemokines were upregulated, while numerous genes related to RPE functions, such as pigment synthesis, visual cycle, phagocytosis, and tight junctions were downregulated at 1 dprd. The response was largely transient, with only 18 significant DEG identified at 7 dprd, including upregulation of complement gene C4b. Validation studies confirmed RNA-Seq results. Thus, the RPE quickly downregulates cell-specific functions and mounts an innate immune defense response following RD. Our data demonstrate that the RPE contributes to the inflammatory response to RD and may play a role in attraction of immune cells to the subretinal space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven F Abcouwer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medicine, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
| | - Bruna Miglioranza Scavuzzi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medicine, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Phillip E Kish
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medicine, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Dejuan Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medicine, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Sumathi Shanmugam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medicine, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Xuan An Le
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medicine, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Jingyu Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medicine, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Heather Hager
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medicine, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - David N Zacks
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medicine, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
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Detsika MG, Palamaris K, Dimopoulou I, Kotanidou A, Orfanos SE. The complement cascade in lung injury and disease. Respir Res 2024; 25:20. [PMID: 38178176 PMCID: PMC10768165 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complement system is an important arm of immune defense bringing innate and adaptive immunity. Although originally regarded as a major complementary defense mechanism against pathogens, continuously emerging evidence has uncovered a central role of this complex system in several diseases including lung pathologies. MAIN BODY Complement factors such as anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, their receptors C3aR, C5aR and C5aR2 as well as complement inhibitory proteins CD55, CD46 and CD59 have been implicated in pathologies such as the acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, interstitial lung diseases, and lung cancer. However, the exact mechanisms by which complement factors induce these diseases remain unclear. Several complement-targeting monoclonal antibodies are reported to treat lung diseases. CONCLUSIONS The complement system contributes to the progression of the acute and chronic lung diseases. Better understanding of the underlying mechanisms will provide groundwork to develop new strategy to target complement factors for treatment of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Detsika
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 3, Ploutarchou St., 10675, Athens, Greece.
| | - K Palamaris
- 1st Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - I Dimopoulou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 3, Ploutarchou St., 10675, Athens, Greece
| | - A Kotanidou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 3, Ploutarchou St., 10675, Athens, Greece
| | - S E Orfanos
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 3, Ploutarchou St., 10675, Athens, Greece.
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Balduit A, Vidergar R, Zacchi P, Mangogna A, Agostinis C, Grandolfo M, Bottin C, Salton F, Confalonieri P, Rocca A, Zanconati F, Confalonieri M, Kishore U, Ghebrehiwet B, Bulla R. Complement protein C1q stimulates hyaluronic acid degradation via gC1qR/HABP1/p32 in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1151194. [PMID: 37334363 PMCID: PMC10275365 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1151194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement component C1q can act as a pro-tumorigenic factor in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is rich in C1q and hyaluronic acid (HA), whose interaction enhances adhesion, migration and proliferation of malignant cells. HA-bound C1q is also capable of modulating HA synthesis. Thus, we investigated whether HA-C1q interaction would affect HA degradation, analyzing the main degradation enzymes, hyaluronidase (HYAL)1 and HYAL2, and a C1q receptor candidate. We first proceeded with the characterization of HYALs in MPM cells, especially HYAL2, since bioinformatics survival analysis revealed that higher HYAL2 mRNA levels have an unfavorable prognostic index in MPM patients. Interestingly, Real-Time quantitative PCR, flow cytometry and Western blot highlighted an upregulation of HYAL2 after seeding of primary MPM cells onto HA-bound C1q. In an attempt to unveil the receptors potentially involved in HA-C1q signaling, a striking co-localization between HYAL2 and globular C1q receptor/HABP1/p32 (gC1qR) was found by immunofluorescence, surface biotinylation and proximity ligation assays. RNA interference experiments revealed a potentially regulatory function exerted by gC1qR on HYAL2 expression, since C1QBP (gene for gC1qR) silencing unexpectedly caused HYAL2 downregulation. In addition, the functional blockage of gC1qR by a specific antibody hindered HA-C1q signaling and prevented HYAL2 upregulation. Thus, C1q-HA interplay is responsible for enhanced HYAL2 expression, suggesting an increased rate of HA catabolism and the release of pro-inflammatory and pro-tumorigenic HA fragments in the MPM TME. Our data support the notion of an overall tumor-promoting property of C1q. Moreover, the overlapping localization and physical interaction between HYAL2 and gC1qR suggests a potential regulatory effect of gC1qR within a putative HA-C1q macromolecular complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Balduit
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Romana Vidergar
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Zacchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mangogna
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Agostinis
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Micaela Grandolfo
- Neuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Cristina Bottin
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Salton
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Confalonieri
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Rocca
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Struttura Complessa di Anatomia ed Istologia Patologica, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Confalonieri
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Uday Kishore
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Berhane Ghebrehiwet
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Roberta Bulla
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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6
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Guo YC, Fu ZY, Ding ZJ. Immune infiltration associated C1q acts as a novel prognostic biomarker of cutaneous melanoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33088. [PMID: 36897727 PMCID: PMC9997796 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
C1q (complement C1q A chain, complement C1q B chain, and complement C1q C chain) is a recognized component of the classical complement pathway that influences the prognosis of various cancers. However, the effects of C1q on cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) outcomes and immune infiltration remain unknown. Gene expression profiling interactive analysis 2 and the human protein atlas were used to evaluate differential expression of C1q mRNA and protein. The relationship between C1q expression and clinicopathological features was also examined. The genetic alterations of C1q and their impact on survival were analyzed using the cbioportal database. The Kaplan-Meier approach was used to assess the significance of C1q in individuals with SKCM. The cluster profiler R package and the cancer single-cell state atlas database were used to investigate the function and mechanism of C1q in SKCM. The relationship between C1q and immune cell infiltration was estimated using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis. C1q expression was increased, and predicted a favorable prognosis. High C1q expression correlated with clinicopathological T stage, pathological stage, overall survival, and disease specific survival events. Moreover, C1q genetic alterations range from 2.7% to 4%, with no impact on prognosis. According to the enrichment analysis, C1q and immune-related pathways were closely connected. The link between complement C1q B chain and the functional state of inflammation was determined using the cancer single-cell state atlas database. In particular, C1q expression was significantly associated with infiltration of most immune cells and checkpoints PDCD1, CD274, and HAVCR2. The results of this study suggest that C1q is associated with prognosis and immune cell infiltration, supporting its value as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheng Guo
- Dermatology Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Skin Diseases, Nanchang, China
- Candidate Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Skin Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Fu
- Dermatology Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Ding
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Skin Diseases, Nanchang, China
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Wen J, Zhao Y, Fang CX, Wu XH. Association between serum baseline C1q and IgG levels and the efficacy of combined immunotherapy in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective study. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2023; 45:83-88. [PMID: 35997274 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2115926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the clinical value of serum complement component 1q (C1q) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in predicting the response to combined immunotherapy in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of 44 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who received combined immunotherapy in our hospital. Serum IgG and C1q levels were collected before and three weeks after immunotherapy treatment, together with other data on clinical and demographic characteristics. RESULTS Twenty seven patients (61.4%) showed partial response (PR), 13 (29.5%) stable disease (SD), and 4 (9.1%) progressive disease (PD). None of the patients presented complete response (CR). The PR group displayed lower IgG and higher C1q levels both before and after immunotherapy than patients showing SD or PD. The IgG reduction (59.3%) and C1q increment (70.3%) in the PR group three weeks post-treatment were significantly larger than those in patients showing SD or PD. Moreover, the pretreatment C1q level and the post-treatment change of C1q levels were strongly associated with the immunotherapy response. CONCLUSIONS High pre- and post-treatment C1q levels and reduced post-treatment IgG levels correlate with efficacy of combined immunotherapy in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Serum baseline C1q level may predict immunotherapy response in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- Department of Oncology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Xiang Fang
- Department of Oncology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Hu Wu
- Department of Oncology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, P.R. China
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8
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Ding Q, Li H, Xu Z, Hu K, Ye Q. Identification of CFHR4 associated with poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:812663. [PMID: 36338737 PMCID: PMC9632743 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.812663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most leading causes of cancer death worldwide. The 5-year survival rate of HCC patients remains low due to the lack of early-stage symptoms. Human complement factor H-related protein 4 (CFHR4) is a critical gene that belongs to the factor H family of plasma glycoproteins, which has not been linked to HCC development. The correlations between CFHR4 and prognosis and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in HCC are yet unknown. The present study demonstrated the involvement of CFHR4 in HCC via data mining approaches. Results A total of 18 upregulated and 67 down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Importantly, CFHR4, which was screened from DEGs, was shown to express at a lower level in HCC tumor tissue than normal tissues. Western blotting (WB), immunohistochemical (IHC) and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) experiments of clinical samples further validated CFHR4 was aberrantly expressed in HCC patients; Data from TCGA showed that CFHR4 was inversely correlated with a cancer family history, histological grade, tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, and serum AFP level of HCC patients; Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that low expression of CFHR4 was an independent predictive marker in patients with HCC; Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the lower expression of CFHR4 was significantly associated with the progression of HCC and poor prognosis rates. Furthermore, TIMER analysis indicated that CFHR4 expression levels had correlations with infiltrating levels of immune cells in HCC. Conclusion CFHR4 expression was low in HCC and was significantly related to the poor prognosis of HCC and the level of immune infiltration. CFHR4 played important roles in regulating the initiation and progression of HCC and could be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. Methods The expression of CFHR4 was analyzed by GEO and TCGA-LIHC database and verified by WB and IHC assay. The biological function of CFHR4 was performed by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, and the genomic alteration of CFHR4 was investigated by cBioPortal database.The correlation between CFHR4 expression and clinical relevance was evaluated through Cox proportional hazards model, and the correlation between CFHR4 expression and tumor immune infiltrates were studied by TIMER database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Ding
- Sino-German Biomedical Center, National Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanluo Li
- Sino-German Biomedical Center, National Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhigao Xu
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, National Quality Control Center for Donated Organ Procurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kanghong Hu
- Sino-German Biomedical Center, National Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qifa Ye
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, National Quality Control Center for Donated Organ Procurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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9
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Xiao Z, Yeung CLS, Yam JWP, Mao X. An update on the role of complement in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1007382. [PMID: 36341431 PMCID: PMC9629811 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1007382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a main producer of complement, the environment in the liver is greatly affected by the complement system. Although the complement system is considered to have the ability of nonself discrimination, remarkable studies have revealed the tight association between improper complement activation in tumour initiation and progression. As complement activation predominantly occurs within the liver, the protumourigenic role of the complement system may contribute to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Improvement in the understanding of the molecular targets involved in complement-mediated tumour development, metastasis, and tumour-promoting inflammation in HCC would certainly aid in the development of better treatments. This minireview is focused on recent findings of the protumourigenic role of the complement system in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Xiao
- Scientific Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Charlie Lot Sum Yeung
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Judy Wai Ping Yam
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaowen Mao
- Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaowen Mao,
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10
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Gut Microbiota and Therapy in Metastatic Melanoma: Focus on MAPK Pathway Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911990. [PMID: 36233289 PMCID: PMC9569448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome (GM) and its either pro-tumorigenic or anti-tumorigenic role is intriguing and constitutes an evolving landscape in translational oncology. It has been suggested that these microorganisms may be involved in carcinogenesis, cancer treatment response and resistance, as well as predisposition to adverse effects. In melanoma patients, one of the most immunogenic cancers, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and MAPK-targeted therapy—BRAF/MEK inhibitors—have revolutionized prognosis, and the study of the microbiome as a modulating factor is thus appealing. Although BRAF/MEK inhibitors constitute one of the main backbones of treatment in melanoma, little is known about their impact on GM and how this might correlate with immune re-induction. On the contrary, ICI and their relationship to GM has become an interesting field of research due to the already-known impact of immunotherapy in modulating the immune system. Immune reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment has been established as one of the main targets of microbiome, since it can induce immunosuppressive phenotypes, promote inflammatory responses or conduct anti-tumor responses. As a result, ongoing clinical trials are evaluating the role of fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), as well as the impact of using dietary supplements, antibiotics and probiotics in the prediction of response to therapy. In this review, we provide an overview of GM’s link to cancer, its relationship with the immune system and how this may impact response to treatments in melanoma patients. We also discuss insights about novel therapeutic approaches including FMT, changes in diet and use of probiotics, prebiotics and symbiotics. Finally, we hypothesize on the possible pathways through which GM may impact anti-tumor efficacy in melanoma patients treated with targeted therapy, an appealing subject of which little is known.
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Yang H, Che D, Gu Y, Cao D. Prognostic and immune-related value of complement C1Q (C1QA, C1QB, and C1QC) in skin cutaneous melanoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:940306. [PMID: 36110204 PMCID: PMC9468976 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.940306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is a common malignancy that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Complement C1Q is composed of C1QA, C1QB, and C1QC and is involved in the occurrence and development of many malignant tumours. However, the effect of C1QA, C1QB, and C1QC expression on tumour immunity and prognosis of cutaneous melanoma remains unclear.Methods: First, we analysed C1QA, C1QB, and C1QC expression levels and prognostic values using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and Tumour Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) analysis, and further validation was performed using RT-qPCR, The Human Protein Atlas, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, and Gene Expression Omnibus dataset. We then performed univariate/multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, clinicopathological correlation, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis using TCGA dataset and established a nomogram model. Differentially expressed genes associated with C1QA, C1QB, and C1QC in SKCM were identified and analysed using LinkedOmics, TIMER, the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database, and Metascape and Cytoscape software platforms. We used TIMER, GEPIA, and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) to analyse the relationship between the three genes and the level of immune cell infiltration, biomarkers, and checkpoint expression in SKCM. Finally, GSEA was utilized to study the functional pathways of C1QA, C1QB, and C1QC enrichment in SKCM.Results: The overexpression of C1QA, C1QB, and C1QC provided significant value in the diagnosis of SKCM and has been associated with better overall survival (OS). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that C1QA, C1QB, and C1QC are independent prognostic biomarkers for patients with SKCM. Immune cell infiltration, biomarkers, and checkpoints were positively correlated with the expression of C1QA, C1QB, and C1QC. Furthermore, the results of functional and pathway enrichment analysis showed that immune-related and apoptotic pathways were significantly enriched in the high-expression group of C1QA, C1QB, and C1QC.Conclusion: We found that C1QA, C1QB, and C1QC can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of SKCM patients. The upregulated expression levels of these three complement components benefit patients from OS and may increase the effect of immunotherapy. This result may be due to the dual effects of anti-tumour immunity and apoptosis.
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Guo N, Minas G, Synowsky SA, Dunne MR, Ahmed H, McShane R, Bhardwaj A, Donlon NE, Lorton C, O'Sullivan J, Reynolds JV, Caie PD, Shirran SL, Lynch AG, Stewart AJ, Arya S. Identification of plasma proteins associated with oesophageal cancer chemotherapeutic treatment outcomes using SWATH-MS. J Proteomics 2022; 266:104684. [PMID: 35842220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is an aggressive cancer with a five-year survival of <15%. Current chemotherapeutic strategies only benefit a minority (20-30%) of patients and there are no methods available to differentiate between responders and non-responders. We performed quantitative proteomics using Sequential Window Acquisition of all THeoretical fragment-ion spectra-Mass Spectrometry (SWATH-MS) on albumin/IgG-depleted and non-depleted plasma samples from 23 patients with locally advanced OAC prior to treatment. Individuals were grouped based on tumour regression (TRG) score (TRG1/2/3 vs TRG4/5) after chemotherapy, and differentially abundant proteins were compared. Protein depletion of highly abundant proteins led to the identification of around twice as many proteins. SWATH-MS revealed significant quantitative differences in the abundance of several proteins between the two groups. These included complement c1q subunit proteins, C1QA, C1QB and C1QC, which were of higher abundance in the low TRG group. Of those that were found to be of higher abundance in the high TRG group, glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTP1) exhibited the lowest p-value and highest classification accuracy and Cohen's kappa value. Concentrations of these proteins were further examined using ELISA-based assays. This study provides quantitative information relating to differences in the plasma proteome that underpin response to chemotherapeutic treatment in oesophageal cancers. SIGNIFICANCE: Oesophageal cancers, including oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) and oesophageal gastric junction cancer (OGJ), are one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. Curative therapy consists of surgery, either alone or in combination with adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy or radiation, or combination chemoradiotherapy regimens. There are currently no clinico-pathological means of predicting which patients will benefit from chemotherapeutic treatments. There is therefore an urgent need to improve oesophageal cancer disease management and treatment strategies. This work compared proteomic differences in OAC patients who responded well to chemotherapy as compared to those who did not, using quantitative proteomics prior to treatment commencement. SWATH-MS analysis of plasma (with and without albumin/IgG-depletion) from OAC patients prior to chemotherapy was performed. This approach was adopted to determine whether depletion offered a significant improvement in peptide coverage. Resultant datasets demonstrated that depletion increased peptide coverage significantly. Additionally, there was good quantitative agreement between commonly observed peptides. Data analysis was performed by adopting both univariate as well as multivariate analysis strategies. Differentially abundant proteins were identified between treatment response groups based on tumour regression grade. Such proteins included complement C1q sub-components and GSTP1. This study provides a platform for further work, utilising larger sample sets across different treatment regimens for oesophageal cancer, that will aid the development of 'treatment response prediction assays' for stratification of OAC patients prior to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naici Guo
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgos Minas
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia A Synowsky
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret R Dunne
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland; Department of Applied Science, Technological University Dublin, Tallaght, Dublin 24 D24 FKT9, Ireland
| | - Hasnain Ahmed
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom; School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, United Kingdom
| | - Rhiannon McShane
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom; School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, United Kingdom
| | - Anshul Bhardwaj
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland
| | - Noel E Donlon
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland
| | - Cliona Lorton
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland; Our Lady's Hospice & Care Services, Harold's Cross, Dublin 6w, Ireland
| | - Jacintha O'Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland
| | - John V Reynolds
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland; Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, St James's Hospital, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland
| | - Peter D Caie
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, United Kingdom
| | - Sally L Shirran
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Andy G Lynch
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom; School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, United Kingdom
| | - Alan J Stewart
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom; School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, United Kingdom.
| | - Swati Arya
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom; School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TF, United Kingdom.
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Tomita R, Nishijo N, Hayama T, Fujioka T. Discrimination of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Cell Lines Using Amino Acid Metabolomics with HPLC. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:724-729. [PMID: 35650101 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a malignancy closely associated with asbestos exposure. Although early diagnosis provides a chance of effective treatment and better prognosis, invasive biopsy and cytological procedure are required for definitive diagnosis. In this study, we developed a method to differentiate between MPM and control cell lines, named "amino acid metabolomics," consisting in the assessment of the balance of their amino acid levels in the cell culture medium. Culture media of MESO-1 (MPM cell line) and Met-5A (control) cells were used in this study to evaluate amino acid levels using HPLC, following the fluorescence derivatization method. The time-dependent changes in amino acid levels were visualized on the score plot following principal component analysis, and the results revealed differential changes in amino acid levels between the two cell culture supernatants. A discriminative model based on linear discriminant analysis could distinguish MPM and control cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Tomita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University
| | - Nao Nishijo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University
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Kou W, Li B, Shi Y, Zhao Y, Yu Q, Zhuang J, Xu Y, Peng W. High complement protein C1q levels in pulmonary fibrosis and non-small cell lung cancer associated with poor prognosis. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:110. [PMID: 35078421 PMCID: PMC8790889 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08912-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common type of interstitial pneumonia. Lung cancer, mainly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is a complication of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. IPF is also an independent risk factor of lung cancer. Some studies have shown that the complement system can promote the progression of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, C1q has also demonstrated to exert a tumor-promoting effect in many tumors. However, the role of C1q in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer still remain unclear. METHODS We selected common differentially expressed genes in IPF and non-small cell lung cancer using datasets from GEO, and investigated common hub gene. The hub genes were validated in IPF by establishing mouse model of IPF and using another four datasets from the GEO. Multiple databases were analyzed including those of Kaplan-Meier Plotter, Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER2.0) and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) for NSCLC. RESULTS In this study, 37 common DEGs were identified in IPF and NSCLC including 32 up-regulated genes and 5 down-regulated genes, and C1q was identified as common hub gene. The methylation status of C1q decreased and the expression levels of C1q increased in both lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer and IPF patients with high levels of C1q is poor. CONCLUSIONS These results show that C1q participates in pulmonary fibrosis and non-small cell lung cancer, and may be a potential diagnostic / prognostic biomarker or a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Kou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yeifei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jianhui Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yawei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Wenhui Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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Abstract
Tumorigenesis has long been linked to the evasion of the immune system and the uncontrolled proliferation of transformed cells. The complement system, a major arm of innate immunity, is a key factor in the progression of cancer because many of its components have critical regulatory roles in the tumor microenvironment. For example, complement anaphylatoxins directly and indirectly inhibit antitumor T-cell responses in primary and metastatic sites, enhance proliferation of tumor cells, and promote metastasis and tumor angiogenesis. Many recent studies have provided evidence that cancer is able to hijack the immunoregulatory components of the complement system which fundamentally are tasked with protecting the body against abnormal cells and pathogens. Indeed, recent evidence shows that many types of cancer use C1q receptors (C1qRs) to promote tumor growth and progression. More importantly, most cancer cells express both C1q and its major receptors (gC1qR and cC1qR) on their surface which are essential for cell proliferation and survival. In this review, we discuss the ability of cancer to control and manipulate the complement system in the tumor microenvironment and identify possible therapeutic targets, including C1q and gC1qR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyaal Ain
- The Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicholls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8161, USA
| | - Talha Shaikh
- The Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicholls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8161, USA
| | - Samantha Manimala
- The Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicholls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8161, USA
| | - Berhane Ghebrehiwet
- The Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicholls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8161, USA
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Yao J, Duan L, Huang X, Liu J, Fan X, Xiao Z, Yan R, Liu H, An G, Hu B, Ge Y. Development and Validation of a Prognostic Gene Signature Correlated With M2 Macrophage Infiltration in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:769727. [PMID: 34926275 PMCID: PMC8677679 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.769727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common type of esophageal cancer and the seventh most prevalent cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Tumor microenvironment (TME) has been confirmed to play an crucial role in ESCC progression, prognosis, and the response to immunotherapy. There is a need for predictive biomarkers of TME-related processes to better prognosticate ESCC outcomes. Aim To identify a novel gene signature linked with the TME to predict the prognosis of ESCC. Methods We calculated the immune/stromal scores of 95 ESCC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) using the ESTIMATE algorithm, and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between high and low immune/stromal score patients. The key prognostic genes were further analyzed by the intersection of protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks and univariate Cox regression analysis. Finally, a risk score model was constructed using multivariate Cox regression analysis. We evaluated the associations between the risk score model and immune infiltration via the CIBERSORT algorithm. Moreover, we validated the signature using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Within the ten gene signature, five rarely reported genes were further validated with quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) using an ESCC tissue cDNA microarray. Results A total of 133 up-regulated genes were identified as DEGs. Ten prognostic genes were selected based on intersection analysis of univariate COX regression analysis and PPI, and consisted of C1QA, C1QB, C1QC, CD86, C3AR1, CSF1R, ITGB2, LCP2, SPI1, and TYROBP (HR>1, p<0.05). The expression of 9 of these genes in the tumor samples were significantly higher compared to matched adjacent normal tissue based on the GEO database (p<0.05). Next, we assessed the ability of the ten-gene signature to predict the overall survival of ESCC patients, and found that the high-risk group had significantly poorer outcomes compared to the low-risk group using univariate and multivariate analyses in the TCGA and GEO cohorts (HR=2.104, 95% confidence interval:1.343-3.295, p=0.001; HR=1.6915, 95% confidence interval:1.053-2.717, p=0.0297). Additionally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated a relatively sensitive and specific profile for the signature (1-, 2-, 3-year AUC=0.672, 0.854, 0.81). To identify the basis for these differences in the TME, we performed correlation analyses and found a significant positive correlation with M1 and M2 macrophages and CD8+ T cells, as well as a strong correlation to M2 macrophage surface markers. A nomogram based on the risk score and select clinicopathologic characteristics was constructed to predict overall survival of ESCC patients. For validation, qRT-PCR of an ESCC patient cDNA microarray was performed, and demonstrated that C1QA, C3AR1, LCP2, SPI1, and TYROBP were up-regulated in tumor samples and predict poor prognosis. Conclusion This study established and validated a novel 10-gene signature linked with M2 macrophages and poor prognosis in ESCC patients. Importantly, we identified C1QA, C3AR1, LCP2, SPI1, and TYROBP as novel M2 macrophage-correlated survival biomarkers. These findings may identify potential targets for therapy in ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Yao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Duan
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuying Huang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Fan
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zeru Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Heshu Liu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyu An
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Ge
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Zhang D, Li Y, Li H, Tang T, Zheng Y, Guo X, Xu X. A Preliminary Study of the Complement Component 1q Levels in Predicting the Efficacy of Combined Immunotherapy in Patients with Lung Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:7131-7137. [PMID: 34531687 PMCID: PMC8439965 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s314369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the value of serum complement component 1q (C1q) levels in predicting the efficacy of combined immunotherapy in patients with lung cancer. Methods A total of 42 patients with lung cancer who received combined immunotherapy in the cancer center of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were included in this study. The clinical data of serum C1q and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels before and three weeks after immunotherapy were collected. Results Response evaluation showed that the number of patients with complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), and progressive disease (PD) was 0 (0%), 26 (61.9%), 14 (33.3%), and 2 (4.8%), respectively. The CR/PR group (patients with CR or PR) showed higher pC1q (C1q level before immunotherapy) and iC1q (C1q level 3 weeks after immunotherapy) than the SD/PD group (patients with SD or PD). The LDH reduction (96.2%) and C1q increment (84.6%) in the CR/PR group 3 weeks after immunotherapy were higher than those of the SD/PD group, and the differences were statistically significant. Logistic regression analysis indicated that pC1q, iC1q, and LDH level trends 3 weeks after the treatment were significantly correlated to the efficacy of combined immunotherapy with odds ratios of 8.185, 5.500, and 0.031, respectively. Conclusion High C1q levels before immunotherapy and increased C1q levels and decreased LDH levels 3 weeks afterward suggest good therapeutic effects of combined immunotherapy in patients with lung cancer. Serum C1q levels have certain clinical significance in predicting the efficacy of combined immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoming Zhang
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyue Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Tang
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfa Zheng
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xufeng Guo
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Qu X, Leung TCN, Ngai SM, Tsai SN, Thakur A, Li WK, Lee Y, Leung L, Ng TH, Yam J, Lan L, Lau EHL, Wong EWY, Chan JYK, Meehan K. Proteomic Analysis of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles Identifies Potential Biomarkers for Lymph Node Metastasis in Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cells 2021; 10:2179. [PMID: 34571828 PMCID: PMC8468562 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis is the most reliable indicator of a poor prognosis for patients with oral tongue cancers. Currently, there are no biomarkers to predict whether a cancer will spread in the future if it has not already spread at the time of diagnosis. The aim of this study was to quantitatively profile the proteomes of extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from blood samples taken from patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma with and without lymph node involvement and non-cancer controls. EVs were enriched using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) from pooled plasma samples of patients with non-nodal and nodal oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) and non-cancer controls. Protein cargo was quantitatively profiled using isobaric labelling (iTRAQ) and two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry. We identified 208 EV associated proteins and, after filtering, generated a short list of 136 proteins. Over 85% of the EV-associated proteins were associated with the GO cellular compartment term "extracellular exosome". Comparisons between non-cancer controls and oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma with and without lymph node involvement revealed 43 unique candidate EV-associated proteins with deregulated expression patterns. The shortlisted EV associated proteins described here may be useful discriminatory biomarkers for differentiating OTSCC with and without nodal disease or non-cancer controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Qu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (E.H.L.L.); (E.W.Y.W.); (J.Y.K.C.)
| | - Thomas C. N. Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (T.C.N.L.); (S.-M.N.); (S.-N.T.)
| | - Sai-Ming Ngai
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (T.C.N.L.); (S.-M.N.); (S.-N.T.)
| | - Sau-Na Tsai
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (T.C.N.L.); (S.-M.N.); (S.-N.T.)
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Department of Neuroscience, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; (A.T.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China;
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Wing-Kar Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Youngjin Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; (A.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Leanne Leung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (E.H.L.L.); (E.W.Y.W.); (J.Y.K.C.)
| | - Tung-Him Ng
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China; (T.-H.N.); (J.Y.)
| | - Judy Yam
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China; (T.-H.N.); (J.Y.)
| | - Linlin Lan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (E.H.L.L.); (E.W.Y.W.); (J.Y.K.C.)
| | - Eric H. L. Lau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (E.H.L.L.); (E.W.Y.W.); (J.Y.K.C.)
| | - Eddy W. Y. Wong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (E.H.L.L.); (E.W.Y.W.); (J.Y.K.C.)
| | - Jason Y. K. Chan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (E.H.L.L.); (E.W.Y.W.); (J.Y.K.C.)
| | - Katie Meehan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (E.H.L.L.); (E.W.Y.W.); (J.Y.K.C.)
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Liu F, Yang Z, Zheng L, Shao W, Cui X, Wang Y, Jia J, Fu Y. A Tumor Progression Related 7-Gene Signature Indicates Prognosis and Tumor Immune Characteristics of Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:690129. [PMID: 34195091 PMCID: PMC8238374 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.690129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a common gastrointestinal malignancy. Since it is often diagnosed in the advanced stage, its mortality rate is high. Traditional therapies (such as continuous chemotherapy) are not satisfactory for advanced gastric cancer, but immunotherapy has shown great therapeutic potential. Gastric cancer has high molecular and phenotypic heterogeneity. New strategies for accurate prognostic evaluation and patient selection for immunotherapy are urgently needed. METHODS Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify hub genes related to gastric cancer progression. Based on the hub genes, the samples were divided into two subtypes by consensus clustering analysis. After obtaining the differentially expressed genes between the subtypes, a gastric cancer risk model was constructed through univariate Cox regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The differences in prognosis, clinical features, tumor microenvironment (TME) components and immune characteristics were compared between subtypes and risk groups, and the connectivity map (CMap) database was applied to identify potential treatments for high-risk patients. RESULTS WGCNA and screening revealed nine hub genes closely related to gastric cancer progression. Unsupervised clustering according to hub gene expression grouped gastric cancer patients into two subtypes related to disease progression, and these patients showed significant differences in prognoses, TME immune and stromal scores, and suppressive immune checkpoint expression. Based on the different expression patterns between the subtypes, we constructed a gastric cancer risk model and divided patients into a high-risk group and a low-risk group based on the risk score. High-risk patients had a poorer prognosis, higher TME immune/stromal scores, higher inhibitory immune checkpoint expression, and more immune characteristics suitable for immunotherapy. Multivariate Cox regression analysis including the age, stage and risk score indicated that the risk score can be used as an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer. On the basis of the risk score, we constructed a nomogram that relatively accurately predicts gastric cancer patient prognoses and screened potential drugs for high-risk patients. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the 7-gene signature related to tumor progression could predict the clinical prognosis and tumor immune characteristics of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Liu
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zongcheng Yang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Lixin Zheng
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Shao
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiujie Cui
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jihui Jia
- Department of Microbiology/Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Fu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Tajbakhsh A, Gheibi Hayat SM, Movahedpour A, Savardashtaki A, Loveless R, Barreto GE, Teng Y, Sahebkar A. The complex roles of efferocytosis in cancer development, metastasis, and treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111776. [PMID: 34062411 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
When tumor cells are killed by targeted therapy, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy, they trigger their primary tumor by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Microenvironmental interactions can also promote tumor heterogeneity and development. In this line, several immune cells within the tumor microenvironment, including macrophages, dendritic cells, regulatory T-cells, and CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, are involved in the clearance of apoptotic tumor cells through a process called efferocytosis. Although the efficiency of apoptotic tumor cell efferocytosis is positive under physiological conditions, there are controversies regarding its usefulness in treatment-induced apoptotic tumor cells (ATCs). Efferocytosis can show the limitation of cytotoxic treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Since cytotoxic treatments lead to extensive cell mortality, efferocytosis, and macrophage polarization toward an M2 phenotype, the immune response may get involved in tumor recurrence and metastasis. Tumor cells can use the anti-inflammatory effect of apoptotic tumor cell efferocytosis to induce an immunosuppressive condition that is tumor-tolerant. Since M2 polarization and efferocytosis are tumor-promoting processes, the receptors on macrophages act as potential targets for cancer therapy. Moreover, researchers have shown that efferocytosis-related molecules/pathways are potential targets for cancer therapy. These include phosphatidylserine and calreticulin, Tyro3, Axl, and Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK), receptors of tyrosine kinase, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1, annexin V, CD47, TGF-β, IL-10, and macrophage phenotype switch are combined with conventional therapy, which can be more effective in cancer treatment. Thus, we set out to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of efferocytosis in treatment-induced apoptotic tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibi Hayat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ahmad Movahedpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Reid Loveless
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Medical Laboratory, Imaging and Radiologic Sciences, College of Allied Health, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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21
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Chen LH, Liu JF, Lu Y, He XY, Zhang C, Zhou HH. Complement C1q (C1qA, C1qB, and C1qC) May Be a Potential Prognostic Factor and an Index of Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling in Osteosarcoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:642144. [PMID: 34079754 PMCID: PMC8166322 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.642144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) has important effects on the tumorigenesis and development of osteosarcoma (OS). However, the dynamic mechanism regulating TME immune and matrix components remains unclear. In this study, we collected quantitative data on the gene expression of 88 OS samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and downloaded relevant clinical cases of OS from the TARGET database. The proportions of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) and the numbers of immune and matrix components were determined by CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE calculation methods. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction and Cox regression analysis were conducted to analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The complement components C1qA, C1qB and C1qC were then determined to be predictive factors through univariate Cox analysis and PPI cross analysis. Further analysis found that the levels of C1qA, C1qB and C1qC expression were positively linked to OS patient survival time and negatively correlated with the clinicopathological feature percent necrosis at definitive surgery. The results of gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) demonstrated that genes related to immune functions were significantly enriched in the high C1qA, C1qB and C1qC expression groups. Proportion analysis of TICs by CIBERSORT showed that the levels of C1qA, C1qB and C1qC expression were positively related to M1 and M2 macrophages and CD8+ cells and negatively correlated with M0 macrophages. These results further support the influence of the levels of C1qA, C1qB and C1qC expression on the immune activity of the TME. Therefore, C1qA, C1qB and C1qC may be potential indicators of remodeling in the OS TME, which is helpful to predict the prognosis of patients with OS and provide new ideas for immunotherapy for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Hao Chen
- Faculty of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jin-Fu Liu
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yan- Lu
- Faculty of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xin-Yu He
- Faculty of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Chi- Zhang
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Hong-Hai Zhou
- Faculty of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
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22
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Huang H, Tan M, Zheng L, Yan G, Li K, Lu D, Cui X, He S, Lei D, Zhu B, Zhao J. Prognostic Implications of the Complement Protein C1Q and Its Correlation with Immune Infiltrates in Osteosarcoma. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:1737-1751. [PMID: 33707956 PMCID: PMC7943548 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s295063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most widespread bone tumour among childhood cancers, and distant metastasis is the dominant factor in poor prognosis for patients with OS. Therefore, it is necessary to identify new prognostic biomarkers for identifying patients with aggressive disease. METHODS Two OS datasets (GSE21257 and GSE33383) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and subsequently subjected to weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and differential gene expression analysis (DGE) to screen candidate genes. A prognostic model was constructed using OS data derived from the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) program to further screen key genes and perform gene ontology (GO) analysis. The prognostic values of key genes were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier (KM) plotter. The GEO dataset was used for immune infiltration analysis and association analysis of key genes. In addition, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed to validate the expression levels of potentially crucial genes in OS cell lines. RESULTS In the present study, we found 114 genes with a highly significant correlation in the module and 44 downregulated genes; 25 candidate genes overlapped in the two parts of the genes. Among these, three key genes, C1QA, C1QB, and C1QC, were the most significant hub genes, which had the highest node degrees, were clustered into one group, and implicated in most significant biological processes (regulation of immune effector process). Moreover, these three key genes were negatively associated with the prognosis of OS and positively associated with three immune cells (follicular helper T cells, memory B cells, and CD8 T cells). Additionally, compared to non-metastatic OS cell lines, the expression of three key genes was significantly downregulated in metastatic OS cell lines. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that three key genes (C1QA, C1QB, and C1QC) were implicated in tumour immune infiltration and may be promising biomarkers for predicting metastasis and prognosis of patients with OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanji Huang
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Manli Tan
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zheng
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
- International Joint Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Regeneration of Bone and Soft Tissues, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guohua Yan
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kanglu Li
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dejie Lu
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Cui
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si He
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Danqing Lei
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
- The Medical and Scientific Research Center, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
- International Joint Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Regeneration of Bone and Soft Tissues, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People’s Republic of China
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Biomarkers for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma-A Novel View on Inflammation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040658. [PMID: 33562138 PMCID: PMC7916017 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive disease with limited treatment response and devastating prognosis. Exposure to asbestos and chronic inflammation are acknowledged as main risk factors. Since immune therapy evolved as a promising novel treatment modality, we want to reevaluate and summarize the role of the inflammatory system in MPM. This review focuses on local tumor associated inflammation on the one hand and systemic inflammatory markers, and their impact on MPM outcome, on the other hand. Identification of new biomarkers helps to select optimal patient tailored therapy, avoid ineffective treatment with its related side effects and consequently improves patient's outcome in this rare disease. Additionally, a better understanding of the tumor promoting and tumor suppressing inflammatory processes, influencing MPM pathogenesis and progression, might also reveal possible new targets for MPM treatment. After reviewing the currently available literature and according to our own research, it is concluded that the suppression of the specific immune system and the activation of its innate counterpart are crucial drivers of MPM aggressiveness translating to poor patient outcome.
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Vidergar R, Balduit A, Zacchi P, Agostinis C, Mangogna A, Belmonte B, Grandolfo M, Salton F, Biolo M, Zanconati F, Confalonieri M, Bulla R. C1q-HA Matrix Regulates the Local Synthesis of Hyaluronan in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma by Modulating HAS3 Expression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030416. [PMID: 33499323 PMCID: PMC7865933 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive tumor characterized by poor prognosis due to late diagnosis and the absence of efficient first-line treatments. Hyaluronic acid (HA) and the complement protein C1q represent two pivotal players in the MPM tumor microenvironment by acting in association with effects on cancer cell adhesion, migration and proliferation. The aim of the current study is to prove HA production by MPM primary cells and to understand whether HA metabolism modulation could be considered a potential target for future therapeutic approaches in MPM. Abstract Increased hyaluronic acid (HA) production is often associated with cancer progression. In malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), HA is found at elevated levels in pleural effusions and sera of patients, and it has been widely debated whether MPM cells are able to produce HA by themselves or through the release of growth factors stimulating other cells. Another key component of the MPM microenvironment is C1q, which can act as a pro-tumorigenic factor favoring cell adhesion, migration and proliferation. The aim of the current study was to prove that MPM primary cells are able to synthesize HA and to inquire the stimulus given by C1q–HA matrix to HA synthesis. We confirmed the presence of a HA coat and cable-like structures around MPM primary cells, as well as an intracellular pool, mainly localized in the cytoplasmic and perinuclear region. After evaluating HA synthase (HAS) enzymes’ basal expression in MPM primary cells, we found that C1q bound to HA was able to impinge upon HA homeostasis by upregulating HAS3 both at the mRNA and the protein levels. High expression of HAS3 has been correlated with a shorter life expectancy in MPM by bioinformatical analysis. These data confirmed that C1q bound to HA may exert pro-tumorigenic activity and identified HAS3 as a potential target in MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Vidergar
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (R.V.); (P.Z.); (R.B.)
| | - Andrea Balduit
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (R.V.); (P.Z.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Paola Zacchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (R.V.); (P.Z.); (R.B.)
| | - Chiara Agostinis
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34134 Trieste, Italy; (C.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessandro Mangogna
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34134 Trieste, Italy; (C.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Beatrice Belmonte
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Micaela Grandolfo
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Francesco Salton
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (F.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Biolo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (F.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (F.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Confalonieri
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy; (F.S.); (M.B.); (F.Z.); (M.C.)
| | - Roberta Bulla
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (R.V.); (P.Z.); (R.B.)
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Gandhi M, Nair S. New vistas in malignant mesothelioma: MicroRNA architecture and NRF2/MAPK signal transduction. Life Sci 2020; 257:118123. [PMID: 32710945 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a cancer of the mesothelial lining of the pleura, peritoneum, pericardium and testes. The most common form is asbestos-linked MM that is etiologically linked to repeated asbestos exposure with a long latency period, although non-asbestos MM has also been reported. Late diagnosis, poor survival rates, lack of diagnostic and prognostic markers act as major impediments in the clinical management of MM. Despite advances in immune checkpoint inhibition and CAR T-cell-based therapies, MM which is of different histologic subtypes remains challenging to treat. We review microRNAs (miRNAs) and the miRNA interactome implicated in MM which can be useful as circulating miRNA biomarkers for early diagnosis of MM and as biomarkers for prognostication in MM. Further, we underscore the relevance of the NRF2/MAPK signal transduction pathway that has been implicated in MM which may be useful as druggable targets or as biomarkers of predictive response. In addition, since MM is driven partly by inflammation, we elucidate chemopreventive phytochemicals that are beneficial in MM, either via crosstalk with the NRF2/MAPK pathway or via concerted anticancer mechanisms, and may be of benefit as adjuvants in chemotherapy. Taken together, a multifactorial approach comprising identification of miRNA target hubs and NRF2/MAPK biomarkers along with appropriately designed clinical trials may enable early detection and faster intervention in MM translating into better patient outcomes for this aggressive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manav Gandhi
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, VL Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400 056, India
| | - Sujit Nair
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, VL Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400 056, India.
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Peerschke E, Stier K, Li X, Kandov E, de Stanchina E, Chang Q, Xiong Y, Manova-Todorova K, Fan N, Barlas A, Ghebrehiwet B, Adusumilli PS. gC1qR/HABP1/p32 Is a Potential New Therapeutic Target Against Mesothelioma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1413. [PMID: 32903438 PMCID: PMC7435067 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer of the serous membranes with poor prognosis despite combination therapy consisting of surgery, radiotherapy, and platinum-based chemotherapy. Targeted therapies, including immunotherapies, have reported limited success, suggesting the need for additional therapeutic targets. This study investigates a potential new therapeutic target, gC1qR/HABP1/p32 (gC1qR), which is overexpressed in all morphologic subtypes of mesothelioma. gC1qR is a complement receptor that is associated with several cellular functions, including cell proliferation and angiogenesis. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that targeting gC1qR with a specific gC1qR monoclonal antibody 60.11 reduces mesothelioma tumor growth, using the biphasic mesothelioma cell line MSTO-211H (MSTO). In vitro studies demonstrate cell surface and extracellular gC1qR expression by MSTO cells, and a modest 25.3 ± 1.8% (n = 4) reduction in cell proliferation by the gC1qR blocking 60.11 antibody. This inhibition was specific for targeting the C1q binding domain of gC1qR at aa 76–93, as a separate monoclonal antibody 74.5.2, directed against amino acids 204–218, had no discernable effect. In vivo studies, using a murine orthotopic xenotransplant model, demonstrated an even greater reduction in MSTO tumor growth (50% inhibition) in mice treated with the 60.11 antibody compared to controls. Immunohistochemical studies of resected tumors revealed increased cellular apoptosis by caspase 3 and TUNEL staining, in 60.11 treated tumors compared to controls, as well as impaired angiogenesis by decreased CD31 staining. Taken together, these data identify gC1qR as a potential new therapeutic target against mesothelioma with both antiproliferative and antiangiogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellinor Peerschke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kenneth Stier
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, NY, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Surgery, Thoracic Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Evelyn Kandov
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Qing Chang
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yuquan Xiong
- Department of Surgery, Thoracic Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Katia Manova-Todorova
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ning Fan
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Afsar Barlas
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Berhane Ghebrehiwet
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, NY, United States
| | - Prasad S Adusumilli
- Department of Surgery, Thoracic Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
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27
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Balduit A, Agostinis C, Mangogna A, Maggi V, Zito G, Romano F, Romano A, Ceccherini R, Grassi G, Bonin S, Bonazza D, Zanconati F, Ricci G, Bulla R. The Extracellular Matrix Influences Ovarian Carcinoma Cells' Sensitivity to Cisplatinum: A First Step towards Personalized Medicine. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051175. [PMID: 32392708 PMCID: PMC7281165 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of personalized therapies for ovarian carcinoma patients is still hampered by several limitations, mainly the difficulty of predicting patients’ responses to chemotherapy in tumor cells isolated from peritoneal fluids. The main reason for the low predictive power of in vitro assays is related to the modification of the cancer cells’ phenotype induced by the culture conditions, which results in changes to the activation state and drug sensitivity of tumor cells compared to their in vivo properties. We have defined the optimal culture conditions to set up a prognostic test to predict high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) patients’ responses to platinum chemotherapy. We evaluated the effects of hyaluronic acid (HA) and fibronectin matrices and the contribution of freezing/thawing processes to the cell response to platinum-based treatment, collecting spheroids from the ascitic fluids of 13 patients with stage II or III HGSOC. Our findings indicated that an efficient model used to generate predictive data for in vivo sensitivity to platinum is culturing fresh spheroids on HA, avoiding the use of previously frozen primary tumor cells. The establishment of this easy, reproducible and standardized testing method can significantly contribute to an improvement in therapeutic effectiveness, thus bringing the prospect of personalized therapy closer for ovarian carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Balduit
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (A.B.); (A.M.); (G.G.); (R.B.)
| | - Chiara Agostinis
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34134 Trieste, Italy; (G.Z.); (F.R.); (G.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-04-0558-8646
| | - Alessandro Mangogna
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (A.B.); (A.M.); (G.G.); (R.B.)
| | - Veronica Maggi
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy; (V.M.); (A.R.); (S.B.); (D.B.); (F.Z.)
| | - Gabriella Zito
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34134 Trieste, Italy; (G.Z.); (F.R.); (G.R.)
| | - Federico Romano
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34134 Trieste, Italy; (G.Z.); (F.R.); (G.R.)
| | - Andrea Romano
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy; (V.M.); (A.R.); (S.B.); (D.B.); (F.Z.)
| | - Rita Ceccherini
- Centro Sociale Oncologico, OSARF, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (A.B.); (A.M.); (G.G.); (R.B.)
| | - Serena Bonin
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy; (V.M.); (A.R.); (S.B.); (D.B.); (F.Z.)
| | - Deborah Bonazza
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy; (V.M.); (A.R.); (S.B.); (D.B.); (F.Z.)
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy; (V.M.); (A.R.); (S.B.); (D.B.); (F.Z.)
| | - Giuseppe Ricci
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34134 Trieste, Italy; (G.Z.); (F.R.); (G.R.)
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy; (V.M.); (A.R.); (S.B.); (D.B.); (F.Z.)
| | - Roberta Bulla
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (A.B.); (A.M.); (G.G.); (R.B.)
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28
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Abstract
The recognition of microbial or danger-associated molecular patterns by complement proteins initiates a cascade of events that culminates in the activation of surface complement receptors on immune cells. Such signalling pathways converge with those activated downstream of pattern recognition receptors to determine the type and magnitude of the immune response. Intensive investigation in the field has uncovered novel pathways that link complement-mediated signalling with homeostatic and pathological T cell responses. More recently, the observation that complement proteins also act in the intracellular space to shape T cell fates has added a new layer of complexity. Here, we consider fundamental mechanisms and novel concepts at the interface of complement biology and immunity and discuss how these affect the maintenance of homeostasis and the development of human pathology.
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29
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Mangogna A, Varghese PM, Agostinis C, Alrokayan SH, Khan HA, Stover CM, Belmonte B, Martorana A, Ricci G, Bulla R, Kishore U. Prognostic Value of Complement Properdin in Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:614980. [PMID: 33542722 PMCID: PMC7851055 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.614980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is readily triggered by the presence of damage-associated molecular patterns on the surface of tumor cells. The complement alternative pathway provides rapid amplification of the molecular stress signal, leading to complement cascade activation to deal with pathogens or malignant cells. Properdin is the only known positive regulator of the alternative pathway. In addition, properdin promotes the phagocytic uptake of apoptotic T cells by macrophages and dendritic cells without activating the complement system, thus, establishing its ability to recognize "altered-self". Dysregulation of properdin has been implicated in substantial tissue damage in the host, and in some cases, chronic unresolved inflammation. A corollary of this may be the development of cancer. Hence, to establish a correlation between properdin presence/levels in normal and cancer tissues, we performed bioinformatics analysis, using Oncomine and UALCAN. Survival analyses were performed using UALCAN and PROGgeneV2 to assess if properdin can serve as a potential prognostic marker for human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CESC), and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). We also analyzed levels of tumor-infiltrating immune cells using TIMER, a tool for characterizing immune cell composition in cancers. We found that in LUAD and LIHC, there was a lower expression of properdin in the tumors compared to normal tissues, while no significant difference was observed in CESC and PAAD. Survival analysis demonstrated a positive association between properdin mRNA expression and overall survival in all 4 types of cancers. TIMER analysis revealed that properdin expression correlated negatively with tumor purity and positively with levels of infiltrating B cells, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, CD4+ helper T cells, macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells in LUAD, CESC and PAAD, and with levels of B cells, CD8+ T cells and dendritic cells in LIHC. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that infiltrating immune cells were the most likely source of properdin in the tumor microenvironment. Thus, complement protein properdin shows promise as a prognostic marker in cancer and warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mangogna
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Praveen M. Varghese
- Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Chiara Agostinis
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Salman H. Alrokayan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haseeb A. Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cordula M. Stover
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Beatrice Belmonte
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Martorana
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ricci
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberta Bulla
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- *Correspondence: Roberta Bulla, ; Uday Kishore, ;
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Roberta Bulla, ; Uday Kishore, ;
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30
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Roumenina LT, Daugan MV, Petitprez F, Sautès-Fridman C, Fridman WH. Context-dependent roles of complement in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2019; 19:698-715. [PMID: 31666715 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-019-0210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) highly influences the growth and spread of tumours, thus impacting the patient's clinical outcome. In this context, the complement system plays a major and complex role. It may either act to kill antibody-coated tumour cells, support local chronic inflammation or hamper antitumour T cell responses favouring tumour progression. Recent studies demonstrate that these opposing effects are dependent upon the sites of complement activation, the composition of the TME and the tumour cell sensitivity to complement attack. In this Review, we present the evidence that has so far accrued showing a role for complement activation and its effects on cancer control and clinical outcome under different TME contexts. We also include a new analysis of the publicly available transcriptomic data to provide an overview of the prognostic value of complement gene expression in 30 cancer types. We argue that the interplay of complement components within each cancer type is unique, governed by the properties of the tumour cells and the TME. This concept is of critical importance for the design of efficient therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting complement components and their signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubka T Roumenina
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Marie V Daugan
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Florent Petitprez
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Wolf Herman Fridman
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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31
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Li X, Eguchi T, Aly RG, Chintala NK, Tan KS, Zauderer MG, Dembitzer FR, Beasley MB, Ghebrehiwet B, Adusumilli PS, Peerschke EIB. Globular C1q Receptor (gC1qR/p32/HABP1) Is Overexpressed in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma and Is Associated With Increased Survival in Surgical Patients Treated With Chemotherapy. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1042. [PMID: 31681580 PMCID: PMC6799080 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Globular C1q receptor (gC1qR/p32/HABP1) is overexpressed in a variety of cancers, particularly adenocarcinomas. This study investigated gC1qR expression in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and its pathophysiologic correlates in a surgical patient cohort. Methods: Tissue microarrays comprising 6 tumoral and 3 stromal cores from 265 patients with MPM (216 epithelioid, 26 biphasic, and 23 sarcomatoid; 1989–2010) were investigated by immunohistochemistry for gC1qR expression (intensity and distribution by H-score, range 0–300), and immune cell infiltration. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method (high vs. low gC1qR expression delineated by median score) in the whole cohort and by neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) status. Multivariable Cox analysis included stage, chemotherapy, and immune cell infiltration. Results: gC1qR was overexpressed in all histological types of MPMs (263/265, 99.2%) compared to normal pleura. In epithelioid MPM, high gC1qR expression was associated with better OS (median 25 vs. 11 months; p = 0.020) among NAC patients, and among patients without NAC (No-NAC) but who received post-operative chemotherapy (median OS 38 vs. 19 months; p = 0.0007). In multivariable analysis, high gC1qR expression was an independent factor for improved OS in patients treated with NAC. In the No-NAC cohort, high gC1qR expression correlated with lower tumor stage. Moreover, the influence of Ki67 and CD4 T-cell infiltration on OS were more pronounced among patients with high gC1qR expression. Conclusion: This is the first description of gC1qR expression in MPM. The data identify gC1qR as a potential new prognostic factor in patients treated with surgery and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Takashi Eguchi
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Rania G Aly
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Pathology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Navin K Chintala
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kay See Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marjorie G Zauderer
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Francine R Dembitzer
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mary Beth Beasley
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Berhane Ghebrehiwet
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Prasad S Adusumilli
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.,Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ellinor I B Peerschke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
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32
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Mangogna A, Belmonte B, Agostinis C, Zacchi P, Iacopino DG, Martorana A, Rodolico V, Bonazza D, Zanconati F, Kishore U, Bulla R. Prognostic Implications of the Complement Protein C1q in Gliomas. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2366. [PMID: 31649675 PMCID: PMC6795702 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of the complement system in the pathophysiology of brain cancers has been recently considered in light of its well-known involvement in carcinogenesis. Complement system represents an important component of the inflammatory response, which acts as a functional bridge between the innate and adaptive immune response. C1q, the first recognition subcomponent of the complement classical pathway, has recently been shown to be involved in a range of pathophysiological functions that are not dependent on complement activation. C1q is expressed in the microenvironment of various types of human tumors, including melanoma, prostate, mesothelioma, and ovarian cancers, where it can exert a protective or a harmful effect on cancer progression. Despite local synthesis of C1q in the central nervous system, the involvement of C1q in glioma pathogenesis has been poorly investigated. We, therefore, performed a bioinformatics analysis, using Oncomine dataset and UALCAN database in order to assess whether the expression of the genes encoding for the three chains of C1q (C1qA, C1qB, and C1qC) could serve as a potential prognostic marker for gliomas. The obtained results were then validated using an independent glioma cohort from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas datasets. Our bioinformatics analysis, coupled with immunohistochemistry and fluorescence microscopy, appears to suggest a positive correlation between higher levels of C1q expression and unfavorable prognosis in a diverse grade of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatrice Belmonte
- Human Pathology Section, Tumour Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Agostinis
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Zacchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Domenico Gerardo Iacopino
- Neurosurgical Unit, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University Hospital, Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Martorana
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vito Rodolico
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Deborah Bonazza
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roberta Bulla
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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33
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Roumenina LT, Daugan MV, Noé R, Petitprez F, Vano YA, Sanchez-Salas R, Becht E, Meilleroux J, Clec'h BL, Giraldo NA, Merle NS, Sun CM, Verkarre V, Validire P, Selves J, Lacroix L, Delfour O, Vandenberghe I, Thuilliez C, Keddani S, Sakhi IB, Barret E, Ferré P, Corvaïa N, Passioukov A, Chetaille E, Botto M, de Reynies A, Oudard SM, Mejean A, Cathelineau X, Sautès-Fridman C, Fridman WH. Tumor Cells Hijack Macrophage-Produced Complement C1q to Promote Tumor Growth. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:1091-1105. [PMID: 31164356 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) possesses an unmet medical need, particularly at the metastatic stage, when surgery is ineffective. Complement is a key factor in tissue inflammation, favoring cancer progression through the production of complement component 5a (C5a). However, the activation pathways that generate C5a in tumors remain obscure. By data mining, we identified ccRCC as a cancer type expressing concomitantly high expression of the components that are part of the classical complement pathway. To understand how the complement cascade is activated in ccRCC and impacts patients' clinical outcome, primary tumors from three patient cohorts (n = 106, 154, and 43), ccRCC cell lines, and tumor models in complement-deficient mice were used. High densities of cells producing classical complement pathway components C1q and C4 and the presence of C4 activation fragment deposits in primary tumors correlated with poor prognosis. The in situ orchestrated production of C1q by tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and C1r, C1s, C4, and C3 by tumor cells associated with IgG deposits, led to C1 complex assembly, and complement activation. Accordingly, mice deficient in C1q, C4, or C3 displayed decreased tumor growth. However, the ccRCC tumors infiltrated with high densities of C1q-producing TAMs exhibited an immunosuppressed microenvironment, characterized by high expression of immune checkpoints (i.e., PD-1, Lag-3, PD-L1, and PD-L2). Our data have identified the classical complement pathway as a key inflammatory mechanism activated by the cooperation between tumor cells and TAMs, favoring cancer progression, and highlight potential therapeutic targets to restore an efficient immune reaction to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubka T Roumenina
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Complement and diseases", Paris, France. .,Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France.,Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Marie V Daugan
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Complement and diseases", Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France.,Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Rémi Noé
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Complement and diseases", Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France.,Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Florent Petitprez
- Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France.,Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", Paris, France.,Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Yann A Vano
- Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France.,Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", Paris, France.,Department of Oncology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Etienne Becht
- Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France.,Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", Paris, France
| | - Julie Meilleroux
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Complement and diseases", Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", Paris, France.,Department of Pathology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse - Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Bénédicte Le Clec'h
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Complement and diseases", Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", Paris, France
| | - Nicolas A Giraldo
- Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France.,Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", Paris, France
| | - Nicolas S Merle
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Complement and diseases", Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France.,Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Cheng-Ming Sun
- Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France.,Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", Paris, France
| | - Virginie Verkarre
- Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France.,Department of Pathology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Validire
- Department of Pathology, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Janick Selves
- Department of Pathology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse - Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Laetitia Lacroix
- Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France.,Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Sonia Keddani
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Complement and diseases", Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France.,Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Imene B Sakhi
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Complement and diseases", Paris, France.,Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Eric Barret
- Department of Urology, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Ferré
- Pierre Fabre Research Institute, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Marina Botto
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aurélien de Reynies
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs, Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Stephane Marie Oudard
- Department of Oncology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Mejean
- Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France.,Department of Urology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Cathelineau
- Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France.,Department of Urology, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Sautès-Fridman
- Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France.,Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", Paris, France
| | - Wolf H Fridman
- Sorbonne Paris Cite, Cordeliers Research Center, University Paris Descartes Paris 5, Paris, France. .,Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Team "Cancer, Immune Control and Escape", Paris, France
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Mangogna A, Agostinis C, Bonazza D, Belmonte B, Zacchi P, Zito G, Romano A, Zanconati F, Ricci G, Kishore U, Bulla R. Is the Complement Protein C1q a Pro- or Anti-tumorigenic Factor? Bioinformatics Analysis Involving Human Carcinomas. Front Immunol 2019; 10:865. [PMID: 31130944 PMCID: PMC6509152 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
C1q is the first subcomponent of the classical pathway of the complement system and belongs to the C1q/Tumor Necrosis Factor superfamily. C1q can perform a diverse range of immune and non-immune functions in a complement-dependent as well as -independent manner. Being a pattern recognition molecule of the innate immunity, C1q can recognize a number of self, non-self and altered-self ligands and bring about effector mechanisms designed to clear pathogens via opsonisation and inflammatory response. C1q is locally synthesized by macrophages and dendritic cells, and thus, can get involved in a range of biological processes, such as angiogenesis and tissue remodeling, immune modulation, and immunologic tolerance. The notion of C1q involvement in the pathogenesis of cancer is still evolving. C1q appears to have a dual role in cancer: tumor promoting as well as tumor-protective, depending on the context of the disease. In the current study, we performed a bioinformatics analysis to investigate whether C1q can serve as a potential prognostic marker for human carcinoma. We used the Oncomine database and the survival analysis platforms Kaplan-Meier plotter. Our results showed that high levels of C1q have a favorable prognostic index in basal-like breast cancer for disease-free survival, and in HER2-positive breast cancer for overall survival, while it showed a pro-tumorigenic role of C1q in lung adenocarcinoma, and in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. This in silico study, if validated via a retrospective study, can be a step forward in establishing C1q as a new tool as a prognostic biomarker for various carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Agostinis
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Deborah Bonazza
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Beatrice Belmonte
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Human Pathology Section, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Zacchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gabriella Zito
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Romano
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ricci
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roberta Bulla
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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35
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Ajona D, Ortiz-Espinosa S, Pio R, Lecanda F. Complement in Metastasis: A Comp in the Camp. Front Immunol 2019; 10:669. [PMID: 31001273 PMCID: PMC6457318 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system represents a pillar of the innate immune response. This system, critical for host defense against pathogens, encompasses more than 50 soluble, and membrane-bound proteins. Emerging evidence underscores its clinical relevance in tumor progression and its role in metastasis, one of the hallmarks of cancer. The multistep process of metastasis entails the acquisition of advantageous functions required for the formation of secondary tumors. Thus, targeting components of the complement system could impact not only on tumor initiation but also on several crucial steps along tumor dissemination. This novel vulnerability could be concomitantly exploited with current strategies overcoming tumor-mediated immunosuppression to provide a substantial clinical benefit in the treatment of metastatic disease. In this review, we offer a tour d'horizon on recent advances in this area and their prospective potential for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ajona
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sergio Ortiz-Espinosa
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruben Pio
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fernando Lecanda
- Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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36
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Hasan I, Gerdol M, Fujii Y, Ozeki Y. Functional Characterization of OXYL, A SghC1qDC LacNAc-specific Lectin from The Crinoid Feather Star Anneissia Japonica. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17020136. [PMID: 30823584 PMCID: PMC6409975 DOI: 10.3390/md17020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We identified a lectin (carbohydrate-binding protein) belonging to the complement 1q(C1q) family in the feather star Anneissia japonica (a crinoid pertaining to the phylum Echinodermata). The combination of Edman degradation and bioinformatics sequence analysis characterized the primary structure of this novel lectin, named OXYL, as a secreted 158 amino acid-long globular head (sgh)C1q domain containing (C1qDC) protein. Comparative genomics analyses revealed that OXYL pertains to a family of intronless genes found with several paralogous copies in different crinoid species. Immunohistochemistry assays identified the tissues surrounding coelomic cavities and the arms as the main sites of production of OXYL. Glycan array confirmed that this lectin could quantitatively bind to type-2 N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc: Galβ1-4GlcNAc), but not to type-1 LacNAc (Galβ1-3GlcNAc). Although OXYL displayed agglutinating activity towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa, it had no effect on bacterial growth. On the other hand, it showed a significant anti-biofilm activity. We provide evidence that OXYL can adhere to the surface of human cancer cell lines BT-474, MCF-7, and T47D, with no cytotoxic effect. In BT-474 cells, OXYL led to a moderate activation of the p38 kinase in the MAPK signaling pathway, without affecting the activity of caspase-3. Bacterial agglutination, anti-biofilm activity, cell adhesion, and p38 activation were all suppressed by co-presence of LacNAc. This is the first report on a type-2 LacNAc-specific lectin characterized by a C1q structural fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaj Hasan
- Graduate School of NanoBio Sciences, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Marco Gerdol
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Yuki Fujii
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Ozeki
- Graduate School of NanoBio Sciences, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan.
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold R. Brody
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University Medical School, New Orleans, LA, United States
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38
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Zhang R, Liu Q, Li T, Liao Q, Zhao Y. Role of the complement system in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:300. [PMID: 31787848 PMCID: PMC6858723 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-1027-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system has traditionally been considered a component of innate immunity against invading pathogens and "nonself" cells. Recent studies have demonstrated the immunoregulatory functions of complement activation in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME plays crucial roles in tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis and recurrence. Imbalanced complement activation and the deposition of complement proteins have been demonstrated in many types of tumors. Plasma proteins, receptors, and regulators of complement activation regulate several biological functions of stromal cells in the TME and promote the malignant biological properties of tumors. Interactions between the complement system and cancer cells contribute to the proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration and invasion of tumor cells. In this review, we summarize recent advances related to the function of the complement system in the TME and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting complement-mediated immunoregulation in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Zhang
- 0000 0001 0662 3178grid.12527.33Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Dan District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Qiaofei Liu
- 0000 0001 0662 3178grid.12527.33Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Dan District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Tong Li
- 0000 0001 0662 3178grid.12527.33Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Dan District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Quan Liao
- 0000 0001 0662 3178grid.12527.33Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Dan District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- 0000 0001 0662 3178grid.12527.33Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 1# Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Dan District, Beijing, 100730 China
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39
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Ghebrehiwet B, Kandov E, Kishore U, Peerschke EIB. Is the A-Chain the Engine That Drives the Diversity of C1q Functions? Revisiting Its Unique Structure. Front Immunol 2018; 9:162. [PMID: 29459870 PMCID: PMC5807628 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunopathological functions associated with human C1q are still growing in terms of novelty, diversity, and pathologic relevance. It is, therefore, not surprising that C1q is being recognized as an important molecular bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. The secret of this functional diversity, in turn, resides in the elegant but complex structure of the C1q molecule, which is assembled from three distinct gene products: A, B, and C, each of which has evolved from a separate and unique ancestral gene template. The C1q molecule is made up of 6A, 6B, and 6C polypeptide chains, which are held together through strong covalent and non-covalent bonds to form the 18-chain, bouquet-of-flower-like protein that we know today. The assembled C1q protein displays at least two distinct structural and functional regions: the collagen-like region (cC1q) and the globular head region (gC1q), each being capable of driving a diverse range of ligand- or receptor-mediated biological functions. What is most intriguing, however, is the observation that most of the functions appear to be predominantly driven by the A-chain of the molecule, which begs the question: what are the evolutionary modifications or rearrangements that singularly shaped the primordial A-chain gene to become a pluripotent and versatile component of the intact C1q molecule? Here, we revisit and discuss some of the known unique structural and functional features of the A-chain, which may have contributed to its versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berhane Ghebrehiwet
- Departments of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Evelyn Kandov
- Departments of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ellinor I B Peerschke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
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