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Liu F, Liang L, Luo Z, Zhang G, Zuo F, Wang L. Effects of taurine on metabolomics of bovine mammary epithelial cells under high temperature conditions. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1393276. [PMID: 38915889 PMCID: PMC11194699 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1393276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
High temperature induces heat stress, adversely affecting the growth and lactation performance of cows. Research has shown the protective effect of taurine against hepatotoxicity both in vivo and in vitro. This study aimed to investigate the effect of taurine on the metabolomics of mammary epithelial cells of dairy cows under high-temperature conditions. Mammary epithelial cells were exposed to 0 mmol/L (HS, control), 8 mmol/L (HT-8), and 32 mmol/L (HT-32) of taurine, then incubated at 42°C for 6 h. Metabolomics analysis was conducted using Liquid Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (LC-MS). Compared with the HS group, 2,873 and 3,243 metabolites were detected in the HT-8 group in positive and negative ion modes. Among these, 108 and 97 metabolites were significantly upregulated in positive and negative ion modes, while 60 and 166 metabolites were downregulated. Notably, 15 different metabolites such as palmitic acid, adenine and hypoxanthine were screened out in the HT-8 group. Compared with the HS group, 2,873 and 3,243 metabolites were, respectively, detected in the HT-32 group in the positive and negative ion modes. Among those metabolites, 206 metabolites were significantly up-regulated, while 206 metabolites were significantly downregulated in the positive mode. On the other hand, 497 metabolites were significantly upregulated in the negative mode, while 517 metabolites were reported to be downregulated. Noteworthy, 30 distinct metabolites, such as palmitic acid, phytosphingosine, hypoxanthine, nonanoic acid, and octanoic acid, were screened out in the HT-32 group. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these metabolites were mainly involved in lipid metabolism, purine metabolism and other biological processes. Overall, our study indicates that taurine supplementation alters the metabolites primarily associated with purine metabolism, lipid metabolism and other pathways to alleviate heat stress in bovine mammary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China
| | - Zonggang Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China
| | - Gongwei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China
- Beef Cattle Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chongqing, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuyuan Zuo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China
- Beef Cattle Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chongqing, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China
- Beef Cattle Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chongqing, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China
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Zheng Y, Yuan P, Zhang Z, Fu Y, Li S, Ruan Y, Li P, Chen Y, Feng W, Zheng X. Fatty Oil of Descurainia Sophia Nanoparticles Improve Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats Through PLC/IP3R/Ca 2+ Signaling Pathway. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7483-7503. [PMID: 38090366 PMCID: PMC10714987 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s436866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Fatty oil of Descurainia Sophia (OIL) has poor stability and low solubility, which limits its pharmacological effects. We hypothesized that fatty oil nanoparticles (OIL-NPs) could overcome this limitation. The protective effect of OIL-NPs against monocrotaline-induced lung injury in rats was studied. Methods We prepared OIL-NPs by wrapping fatty oil with polylactic-polyglycolide nanoparticles (PLGA-NPs) and conducted in vivo and in vitro experiments to explore its anti-pulmonary hypertension (PH) effect. In vitro, we induced malignant proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (RPASMC) using anoxic chambers, and studied the effects of OIL-NPs on the malignant proliferation of RPASMC cells and phospholipase C (PLC)/inositol triphosphate receptor (IP3R)/Ca2+ signal pathways. In vivo, we used small animal echocardiography, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, western blotting (WB), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and metabolomics to explore the effects of OIL-NPs on the heart and lung pathological damage and PLC/IP3R/Ca2+ signal pathway of pulmonary hypertension rats. Results We prepared fatty into OIL-NPs. In vitro, OIL-NPs could improve the mitochondrial function and inhibit the malignant proliferation of RPASMC cells by inhibiting the PLC/IP3R/Ca2+signal pathway. In vivo, OIL-NPs could reduce the pulmonary artery pressure of rats and alleviate the pathological injury and inflammatory reaction of heart and lung by inhibiting the PLC/IP3R/Ca2+ signal pathway. Conclusion OIL-NPs have anti-pulmonary hypertension effect, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of PLC/IP3R/Ca2+signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peipei Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, People’s Republic of China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenkai Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, People’s Republic of China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, People’s Republic of China
| | - Saifei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Ruan
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Panying Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weisheng Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, People’s Republic of China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-Constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou, 450008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450008, People’s Republic of China
- The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-Constructed by Henan province & Education Ministry of P. R. China, Zhengzhou, 450008, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Li M, Wang Z, Fu S, Sun N, Li W, Xu Y, Han X, Zhang J, Miao J. Taurine reduction of injury from neutrophil infiltration ameliorates Streptococcus uberis-induced mastitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:111028. [PMID: 37857121 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Mastitis is a common disease of dairy cows characterized by infiltration of leukocytes, especially neutrophils, resulting in increased permeability of the blood-milk barrier (BMB). Taurine, a functional nutrient, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Here, we investigated the regulatory effects and mechanisms of taurine on the complex immune network of the mammary gland in Streptococcus uberis (S. uberis) infection. We found that taurine had no direct effect on CXCL2-mediated neutrophil chemotaxis. However, it inhibited MAPK and NF-κB signalings by modulating the activity of TAK1 downstream of TLR2, thereby reducing CXCL2 expression in macrophages to reduce neutrophil recruitment in S. uberis infection. Further, the AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway was activated by taurine to help mitigate oxidative damage, apoptosis and disruption of tight junctions in mammary epithelial cells caused by hypochlorous acid, a strong oxidant produced by neutrophils, thus protecting the integrity of the mammary epithelial barrier. Taurine protects the BMB from damage caused by neutrophils via blocking the macrophage-CXCL2-neutrophil signaling axis and increasing the antioxidant capacity of mammary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zhenglei Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaodong Fu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Naiyan Sun
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weizhen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiangan Han
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jinqiu Zhang
- National Research Center for Veterinary Vaccine Engineering and Technology of China, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Jinfeng Miao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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An W, Huang Z, Mao Z, Qiao T, Jia G, Zhao H, Liu G, Chen X. Dietary Taurine Supplementation Improves the Meat Quality, Muscle Fiber Type, and Mitochondrial Function of Finishing Pigs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15331-15340. [PMID: 37801406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with taurine (TAU) on the meat quality, muscle fiber type, and mitochondrial function of finishing pigs. The results demonstrated that TAU significantly increased the a* value while decreasing b*45 min, L*24 h, and drip loss24 h and drip loss48 h in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle. Dietary supplemented with TAU reduced the content of lactate and the glycolytic potential (GP) in the LD muscle. Dietary supplemented with TAU enhanced the oxidative fiber-related gene expression as well as increased succinic dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase activities while reducing lactate dehydrogenase activity. Furthermore, dietary supplementation with TAU increased the contents of mtDNA and ATP and mitochondrial function-related gene expression. Moreover, TAU enhanced the mRNA expressions of calcineurin (CaN) and nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) and protein expressions of CNA and NFATc1. The results indicate that dietary TAU supplementation improves meat quality and mitochondrial biogenesis and function and promotes muscle fiber-type conversion from the glycolytic fiber to the oxidative fiber via the CaN/NFATc1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting An
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyu Mao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Tianlei Qiao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Gang Jia
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
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Li H, Chen H, Zhang S, Wang S, Zhang L, Li J, Gao S, Qi Z. Taurine alleviates heat stress-induced mammary inflammation and impairment of mammary epithelial integrity via the ERK1/2-MLCK signaling pathway. J Therm Biol 2023; 116:103587. [PMID: 37478580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress leads to milk production losses and mammary gland inflammation, which may be associated with mammary epithelium damage. Taurine is one of the most abundant free amino acids in mammals which has anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to explore the effect of taurine pretreatment on heat stress-induced mammary epithelial integrity disruption and inflammatory damage. In our first experiment on dairy cows our results showed that compared with animals under autumn thermoneutral condition (THI = 62.99 ± 0.71), summer heat stress (THI = 78.01 ± 0.39) significantly reduced milk yield and disrupted mammary epithelial integrity as revealed by increased concentrations of serotonin and lactose in plasma, and increased levels of SA and Na+/K+ in milk. In our second study, 36 lactating mice were randomly divided into three groups (n = 12) for a 9d experiment using a climate chamber to establish a heat stress model. Our findings suggest taurine pretreatment could attenuate heat stress-induced mammary histopathological impairment, inflammation response, and enhance mammary epithelium integrity, which was mainly achieved by promoting the secretion of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-3 through inhibiting activation of the ERK1/2-MLCK signaling pathway in the mammary gland. Overall, our findings indicated that heat stress induced mammary epithelium dysfunction in dairy cows, and emphasized the protective effect of taurine on mammary health under heat stress conditions using a mouse model, which may be achieved by alleviating the mammary epithelium integrity damage and inflammation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | | | - Shaobo Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jingdu Li
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Si Gao
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhili Qi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Liu H, Wei X, Dai W, Xu L, Wang C, Liu J. The functional and regulatory entities underlying free and peptide-bound amino acid transporters in the bovine mammary gland. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:235-239. [PMID: 37360116 PMCID: PMC10285241 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2022-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Free and peptide-bound AA act as building blocks and key regulators of milk protein. To improve milk protein production, mammary epithelial cells of lactating mammals require extensive AA movement across the plasma membrane via multiple transport systems. Recent studies on bovine mammary cells/tissues have expanded the number of AA transporter systems identified and the knowledge on their contribution to AA utilization for milk protein synthesis and the regulatory machinery. However, in lactating cows, the exact intracellular location of mammary AA transporters and the extent of mammary net AA utilization for milk protein production remain unclear. This review highlights the existing knowledge on various characteristics, such as substrate specificity, kinetics, their effects on AA uptake and utilization, and regulatory mechanism, of recently examined bovine mammary free and peptide-bound AA transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.Y. Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - X.S. Wei
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - W.T. Dai
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - L.B. Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - C. Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - J.X. Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
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Rainard P, Gilbert FB, Germon P. Immune defenses of the mammary gland epithelium of dairy ruminants. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1031785. [PMID: 36341445 PMCID: PMC9634088 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1031785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelium of the mammary gland (MG) fulfills three major functions: nutrition of progeny, transfer of immunity from mother to newborn, and its own defense against infection. The defense function of the epithelium requires the cooperation of mammary epithelial cells (MECs) with intraepithelial leucocytes, macrophages, DCs, and resident lymphocytes. The MG is characterized by the secretion of a large amount of a nutrient liquid in which certain bacteria can proliferate and reach a considerable bacterial load, which has conditioned how the udder reacts against bacterial invasions. This review presents how the mammary epithelium perceives bacteria, and how it responds to the main bacterial genera associated with mastitis. MECs are able to detect the presence of actively multiplying bacteria in the lumen of the gland: they express pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) released by the growing bacteria. Interactions with intraepithelial leucocytes fine-tune MECs responses. Following the onset of inflammation, new interactions are established with lymphocytes and neutrophils recruited from the blood. The mammary epithelium also identifies and responds to antigens, which supposes an antigen-presenting capacity. Its responses can be manipulated with drugs, plant extracts, probiotics, and immune modifiers, in order to increase its defense capacities or reduce the damage related to inflammation. Numerous studies have established that the mammary epithelium is a genuine effector of both innate and adaptive immunity. However, knowledge gaps remain and newly available tools offer the prospect of exciting research to unravel and exploit the multiple capacities of this particular epithelium.
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Duszka K. Versatile Triad Alliance: Bile Acid, Taurine and Microbiota. Cells 2022; 11:2337. [PMID: 35954180 PMCID: PMC9367564 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine is the most abundant free amino acid in the body, and is mainly derived from the diet, but can also be produced endogenously from cysteine. It plays multiple essential roles in the body, including development, energy production, osmoregulation, prevention of oxidative stress, and inflammation. Taurine is also crucial as a molecule used to conjugate bile acids (BAs). In the gastrointestinal tract, BAs deconjugation by enteric bacteria results in high levels of unconjugated BAs and free taurine. Depending on conjugation status and other bacterial modifications, BAs constitute a pool of related but highly diverse molecules, each with different properties concerning solubility and toxicity, capacity to activate or inhibit receptors of BAs, and direct and indirect impact on microbiota and the host, whereas free taurine has a largely protective impact on the host, serves as a source of energy for microbiota, regulates bacterial colonization and defends from pathogens. Several remarkable examples of the interaction between taurine and gut microbiota have recently been described. This review will introduce the necessary background information and lay out the latest discoveries in the interaction of the co-reliant triad of BAs, taurine, and microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina Duszka
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Taurine inhibits necroptosis helps to alleviate inflammatory and injury induced by Klebsiella infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2022; 250:110444. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Chen W, Li Q, Hou R, Liang H, Zhang Y, Yang Y. An integrated metabonomics study to reveal the inhibitory effect and metabolism regulation of taurine on breast cancer. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 214:114711. [PMID: 35306435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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11
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Lan R, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Fu S, Gao Y, Gao X, Zhang J, Han X, Phouthapane V, Xu Y, Miao J. Reduction of ROS-HIF1α-driven glycolysis by taurine alleviates Streptococcus uberis infection. Food Funct 2022; 13:1774-1784. [PMID: 35112684 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03909a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant strains of Streptococcus uberis (S. uberis) frequently cause clinical mastitis in dairy cows resulting in enormous economic losses. The regulation of immunometabolism is a promising strategy for controlling this bacterial infection. To investigate whether taurine alleviates S. uberis infection by the regulation of host glycolysis via HIF1α, the murine mammary epithelial cell line (EpH4-Ev) and C57BL/6J mice were challenged with S. uberis. Our data indicate that HIF1α-driven glycolysis promotes inflammation and damage in response to the S. uberis challenge. The activation of HIF1α is dependent on mTOR-mediated ROS production. These results were confirmed in vivo. Taurine, an intracellular metabolite present in most animal tissues, has been shown to effectively modulate HIF1α-triggered metabolic reprogramming and contributes to a reduction of inflammation, which reduces mammary tissue damage and prevents mammary gland dysfunction in S. uberis-induced mastitis. These data provide a novel putative prophylactic and therapeutic strategy for amelioration of dairy cow mastitis and bacterial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riguo Lan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Zhenglei Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Shaodong Fu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yabing Gao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Xing Gao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jinqiu Zhang
- National Research Center for Veterinary Vaccine Engineering and Technology of China, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiangan Han
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Vanhnaseng Phouthapane
- Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jinfeng Miao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Selenium and Taurine Combination Is Better Than Alone in Protecting Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mammary Inflammatory Lesions via Activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway by Scavenging Intracellular ROS. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5048375. [PMID: 34938382 PMCID: PMC8687852 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5048375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mastitis is mainly induced by gram-negative bacterial infections, causing devastating economic losses to the global cattle industry. Both selenium (Se) and taurine (Tau) exhibit multiple biological effects, including reducing inflammation. However, no studies have reported the protective effect of the combined use of Se and Tau against mastitis, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the vital virulence factor of gram-negative bacteria, was used to construct the in vivo and vitro mastitis models. The results of in vivo model showed that Se and Tau combination was more effective than either substance alone in reducing tissue hyperemia, edema, and neutrophil infiltration in the mammary acinar cavity, improving the blood-milk barrier in LPS-induced mice mastitis, and decreasing the expression of proinflammatory factors and the activity of MPO. Moreover, Se and Tau combination significantly increased the levels of LPS-induced reduction in PI3K/Akt/mTOR, but the expressions of TLRs and NLRP3 were not significantly changed in the mammary tissue. In the in vitro experiments, the effects of Se and Tau combination or alone on inflammatory factors, inflammatory mediators, MPO activity, and blood-milk barrier were consistent with those in vivo. The Se and Tau combination has also been found to increase the survival rate of BMECs compared with each substance alone via promoting cellular proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. Also, it has been confirmed that this combination could restore the LPS-induced inhibition in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Inhibition of mTOR by Rapamycin counteracted the combined protection of SeMet and Tau against LPS-induced inflammatory damage, the inhibition of PI3K by LY294002 blocked the activation of mTOR, and the accumulation of ROS by the ROS agonist blocked the activation of PI3K. In conclusion, these findings suggested that Se and Tau combination was better than either substance alone in protecting LPS-induced mammary inflammatory lesions by upregulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Li M, Wang Z, Qiu Y, Fu S, Xu Y, Han X, Phouthapane V, Miao J. Taurine protects blood-milk barrier integrity via limiting inflammatory response in Streptococcus uberis infections. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108371. [PMID: 34789427 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis (S. uberis) is an important causative agent of mastitis, leading to significant economic losses to dairy industry. This research used a mouse mastitis model to investigate the protective effects of taurine on mammary inflammatory response and blood-milk barrier integrity in S. uberis challenge. The results showed that taurine attenuated S. uberis-induced mammary histopathological changes, especially neutrophil infiltration. The S. uberis-induced expression of pro-inflammatory mediators were decreased significantly by taurine. Further, we demonstrated that taurine limited the S. uberis-induced inflammatory responses via inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Inflammation usually disrupts the mammary barrier system. The recovery of claudin-3 and occludin expressions indicated that attenuation of inflammatory response by taurine can protect the integrity of blood-milk barrier in S. uberis infection. Taken together, our results reveal that the development of taurine as an effective prevention and control strategy for S. uberis-induced mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhenglei Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yawei Qiu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaodong Fu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiangan Han
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Vanhnaseng Phouthapane
- Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Jinfeng Miao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Song Y, Yang Y, Zeng W, Loor JJ, Jiang Q, Peng Z, Li Y, Jiang S, Feng X, Du X, Li X, Liu G. β-Hydroxybutyrate impairs neutrophil migration distance through activation of a protein kinase C and myosin light chain 2 signaling pathway in ketotic cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:761-771. [PMID: 34635355 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ketosis in dairy cows often occurs in the peripartal period and is accompanied by immune dysfunction. High concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) in peripheral blood during ketosis are closely related to the impairment of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) chemotaxis and contribute to immune dysfunction. The specific effect of BHB on PMN chemotaxis in dairy cows and the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Here, 30 multiparous cows (within 3 wk postpartum) classified based on serum BHB as control (n = 15, BHB <0.6 mM) or clinically ketotic (n = 15, BHB >3.0 mM) were used. Blood samples were collected before feeding, and the isolated PMN were treated with platelet-activating factor for 0.5 h to activate their migration. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a longer tail in PMN of ketotic cows. In addition, the phosphorylation and transcription levels of myosin light chain 2 (MLC2) increased in PMN of ketotic cows. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils from control dairy cows were incubated with 3.0 mM BHB for different times in vitro, and 6 h was selected as the proper duration of BHB stimulation according to its inhibition effect on PMN migration using an under-agarose PMN chemotaxis model. Similarly, BHB stimulation in vitro resulted in inhibition of migration distance and deviation of migration direction of PMN, as well as a longer tail in morphology in the scanning electron microscope data, suggesting that BHB-induced PMN migration inhibition may be mediated by impairing the trailing edge contraction. To confirm this hypothesis, sotrastaurin (Sotra)-a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), which is the core regulator of cell contraction-was used with or without BHB treatment in vitro. Sotra was pretreated 0.5 h before BHB treatment. Accordingly, BHB treatment increased the phosphorylation level of PKC and MLC2, the protein abundance of RhoA and rho-kinase 1 (ROCK1), and the mRNA abundance of PRKCA, MYL2, RHOA, and ROCK1 in PMN. In contrast, these effects of BHB on PMN were dampened by Sotra. As demonstrated by immunofluorescence experiments in vitro, the BHB-induced inhibition of trailing edge contraction of PMN was relieved by Sotra. In addition, Sotra also dampened the effects of BHB on PMN migration in vitro. Furthermore, as verified by in vivo experiments, compared with the control cows, both abundance and activation of PKC signaling were enhanced in PMN of ketotic cows. Overall, the present study revealed that high concentrations of blood BHB impaired PMN migration distance through inhibition of the trailing edge contraction, mediated by enhancing the activation of PKC-MLC2 signaling. These findings help explain the dysfunctional immune state in ketotic cows and provide information on the pathogenesis of infectious diseases secondary to ketosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Yuchen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - Qianming Jiang
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - Zhicheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Shang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Xiancheng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Xiliang Du
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China.
| | - Guowen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, China.
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Li Y, Yang Y, Shao Y, Sun Y, Si H, Miao J, Xu Y. Chitosan functionalized graphene oxide nanocomposites for fluorescence imaging of apoptotic processes and targeted anti-inflammation study. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 269:118345. [PMID: 34294352 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This work reports novel chitosan functionalized graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites combined fluorescence imaging and therapeutic functions in one agent, which can serve as a promising alternative to alleviate related diseases caused hyperinflammation. Briefly, GO was designed to be conjugated with chitosan, fluorescein-labeled peptide, toll-like receptor 4 antibody and hydroxycamptothecin/aloe emodin. We have demonstrated that such nanocomposites could effectively achieve active targeted delivery of pro-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory drugs into inflammatory cells and cause cells apoptosis by acid-responsive drug release. Moreover, confocal fluorescence imaging confirms that the drug-induced inflammatory cells apoptosis could be visualized the light-up fluorescence of fluorescein activated by caspase-3. Meanwhile, inflammatory-related biomarkers have down-regulated after the nanocomposites' treatment in both vitro and vivo experiments consistent with the results in histological sections. In summary, the bifunctional nanocomposites that possess anti-inflammation and fluorescence imaging could serve as a promising therapeutic agent for reducing hyperinflammation caused by numerous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yazhi Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yingge Shao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongbin Si
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Jinfeng Miao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Lan R, Wan Z, Xu Y, Wang Z, Fu S, Zhou Y, Lin X, Han X, Luo Z, Miao J, Yin Y. Taurine Reprograms Mammary-Gland Metabolism and Alleviates Inflammation Induced by Streptococcus uberis in Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:696101. [PMID: 34177964 PMCID: PMC8222520 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.696101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis (S. uberis) is an important pathogen causing mastitis, which causes continuous inflammation and dysfunction of mammary glands and leads to enormous economic losses. Most research on infection continues to be microbial metabolism-centric, and many overlook the fact that pathogens require energy from host. Mouse is a common animal model for studying bovine mastitis. In this perspective, we uncover metabolic reprogramming during host immune responses is associated with infection-driven inflammation, particularly when caused by intracellular bacteria. Taurine, a metabolic regulator, has been shown to effectively ameliorate metabolic diseases. We evaluated the role of taurine in the metabolic regulation of S. uberis-induced mastitis. Metabolic profiling indicates that S. uberis exposure triggers inflammation and metabolic dysfunction of mammary glands and mammary epithelial cells (the main functional cells in mammary glands). Challenge with S. uberis upregulates glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in MECs. Pretreatment with taurine restores metabolic homeostasis, reverses metabolic dysfunction by decrease of lipid, amino acid and especially energy disturbance in the infectious context, and alleviates excessive inflammatory responses. These outcomes depend on taurine-mediated activation of the AMPK–mTOR pathway, which inhibits the over activation of inflammatory responses and alleviates cellular damage. Thus, metabolic homeostasis is essential for reducing inflammation. Metabolic modulation can be used as a prophylactic strategy against mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riguo Lan
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixin Wan
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenglei Wang
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaodong Fu
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinguang Lin
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangan Han
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhua Luo
- School of Water, Energy & Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, United Kingdom
| | - Jinfeng Miao
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Chinese Academy of Science, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Research Center for Healthy Breeding Livestock & Poultry, Hunan Engineering & Research Center for Animal & Poultry Science, Key Laboratory of Agroecology in Subtropical Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
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Wang Z, Lan R, Xu Y, Zuo J, Han X, Phouthapane V, Luo Z, Miao J. Taurine Alleviates Streptococcus uberis-Induced Inflammation by Activating Autophagy in Mammary Epithelial Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:631113. [PMID: 33777017 PMCID: PMC7996097 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.631113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis infection can cause serious inflammation and damage to mammary epithelial cells and tissues that can be significantly alleviated by taurine. Autophagy plays an important role in regulating immunity and clearing invasive pathogens and may be regulated by taurine. However, the relationships between taurine, autophagy, and S. uberis infection remain unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that taurine augments PTEN activity and inhibits Akt/mTOR signaling, which decreases phosphorylation of ULK1 and ATG13 by mTOR and activates autophagy. Activating autophagy accelerates the degradation of intracellular S. uberis, reduces intracellular bacterial load, inhibits over-activation of the NF-κB pathway, and alleviates the inflammation and damage caused by S. uberis infection. This study increases our understanding of the mechanism through which taurine regulates autophagy and is the first to demonstrate the role of autophagy in S. uberis infected MAC-T cells. Our study also provides a theoretical basis for employing nutritional elements (taurine) to regulate innate immunity and control S. uberis infection. It also provides theoretical support for the development of prophylactic strategies for this important pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglei Wang
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Riguo Lan
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiakun Zuo
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangan Han
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Vanhnaseng Phouthapane
- Biotechnology and Ecology Institute, Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Vientiane, Laos
| | - Zhenhua Luo
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, United Kingdom
| | - Jinfeng Miao
- Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Li B, Wan Z, Wang Z, Zuo J, Xu Y, Han X, Phouthapane V, Miao J. TLR2 Signaling Pathway Combats Streptococcus uberis Infection by Inducing Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Production. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020494. [PMID: 32098158 PMCID: PMC7072855 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis caused by Streptococcus uberis (S. uberis) is a common and difficult-to-cure clinical disease in dairy cows. In this study, the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and TLR-mediated signaling pathways in mastitis caused by S. uberis was investigated using mouse models and mammary epithelial cells (MECs). We used S. uberis to infect mammary glands of wild type, TLR2−/− and TLR4−/− mice and quantified the adaptor molecules in TLR signaling pathways, proinflammatory cytokines, tissue damage, and bacterial count. When compared with TLR4 deficiency, TLR2 deficiency induced more severe pathological changes through myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)-mediated signaling pathways during S. uberis infection. In MECs, TLR2 detected S. uberis infection and induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) to assist host in controlling the secretion of inflammatory factors and the elimination of intracellular S. uberis. Our results demonstrated that TLR2-mediated mROS has a significant effect on S. uberis-induced host defense responses in mammary glands as well as in MECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safty, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (B.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.X.)
| | - Zhixin Wan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safty, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (B.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.X.)
| | - Zhenglei Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safty, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (B.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.X.)
| | - Jiakun Zuo
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safty, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (B.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.X.)
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China;
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safty, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (B.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.X.)
| | - Xiangan Han
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China;
| | - Vanhnaseng Phouthapane
- Biotechnology and Ecology Institute, Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Vientiane 22797, Lao PDR;
| | - Jinfeng Miao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safty, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (B.L.); (Z.W.); (Z.W.); (J.Z.); (Y.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +86-25-8439-8669
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