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Noh MH, Kang JM, Miller AA, Nguyen G, Huang M, Shim JS, Bueso-Perez AJ, Murphy SA, Rivera-Caraballo KA, Otani Y, Kim E, Yoo SH, Yan Y, Banasavadi-Siddegowda Y, Nakashima H, Chiocca EA, Kaur B, Zhao Z, Lee TJ, Yoo JY. Targeting IGF2 to reprogram the tumor microenvironment for enhanced viro-immunotherapy. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:1602-1616. [PMID: 38853689 PMCID: PMC11376453 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noae105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The FDA approval of oncolytic herpes simplex-1 virus (oHSV) therapy underscores its therapeutic promise and safety as a cancer immunotherapy. Despite this promise, the current efficacy of oHSV is significantly limited to a small subset of patients largely due to the resistance in tumor and tumor microenvironment (TME). METHODS RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to identify molecular targets of oHSV resistance. Intracranial human and murine glioma or breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) tumor-bearing mouse models were employed to elucidate the mechanism underlying oHSV therapy-induced resistance. RESULTS Transcriptome analysis identified IGF2 as one of the top-secreted proteins following oHSV treatment. Moreover, IGF2 expression was significantly upregulated in 10 out of 14 recurrent GBM patients after treatment with oHSV, rQNestin34.5v.2 (71.4%; P = .0020) (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03152318). Depletion of IGF2 substantially enhanced oHSV-mediated tumor cell killing in vitro and improved survival of mice bearing BCBM tumors in vivo. To mitigate the oHSV-induced IGF2 in the TME, we constructed a novel oHSV, oHSV-D11mt, secreting a modified IGF2R domain 11 (IGF2RD11mt) that acts as IGF2 decoy receptor. Selective blocking of IGF2 by IGF2RD11mt significantly increased cytotoxicity, reduced oHSV-induced neutrophils/PMN-MDSCs infiltration, and reduced secretion of immune suppressive/proangiogenic cytokines, while increased CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) infiltration, leading to enhanced survival in GBM or BCBM tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study reporting that oHSV-induced secreted IGF2 exerts a critical role in resistance to oHSV therapy, which can be overcome by oHSV-D11mt as a promising therapeutic advance for enhanced viro-immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hye Noh
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jin Muk Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Alexandra A Miller
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Grace Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Minxin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ji Seon Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alberto J Bueso-Perez
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sara A Murphy
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, Texas, USA
- Georgia Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kimberly A Rivera-Caraballo
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, Texas, USA
- Georgia Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Otani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eunju Kim
- Department of Food and Nutriton, Kongju National University, Yesan, Chungnam, South Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Seung-Hee Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuanqing Yan
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yeshavanth Banasavadi-Siddegowda
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakashima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Maryland, USA
| | - E Antonio Chiocca
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Maryland, USA
| | - Balveen Kaur
- Georgia Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tae Jin Lee
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ji Young Yoo
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Gujar S, Pol JG, Kumar V, Lizarralde-Guerrero M, Konda P, Kroemer G, Bell JC. Tutorial: design, production and testing of oncolytic viruses for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Protoc 2024; 19:2540-2570. [PMID: 38769145 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-00985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent a novel class of cancer immunotherapy agents that preferentially infect and kill cancer cells and promote protective antitumor immunity. Furthermore, OVs can be used in combination with established or upcoming immunotherapeutic agents, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors, to efficiently target a wide range of malignancies. The development of OV-based therapy involves three major steps before clinical evaluation: design, production and preclinical testing. OVs can be designed as natural or engineered strains and subsequently selected for their ability to kill a broad spectrum of cancer cells rather than normal, healthy cells. OV selection is further influenced by multiple factors, such as the availability of a specific viral platform, cancer cell permissivity, the need for genetic engineering to render the virus non-pathogenic and/or more effective and logistical considerations around the use of OVs within the laboratory or clinical setting. Selected OVs are then produced and tested for their anticancer potential by using syngeneic, xenograft or humanized preclinical models wherein immunocompromised and immunocompetent setups are used to elucidate their direct oncolytic ability as well as indirect immunotherapeutic potential in vivo. Finally, OVs demonstrating the desired anticancer potential progress toward translation in patients with cancer. This tutorial provides guidelines for the design, production and preclinical testing of OVs, emphasizing considerations specific to OV technology that determine their clinical utility as cancer immunotherapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Gujar
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jonathan G Pol
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, UMS AMICCa, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Vishnupriyan Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Manuela Lizarralde-Guerrero
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, UMS AMICCa, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Prathyusha Konda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France.
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, UMS AMICCa, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
| | - John C Bell
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Eichhorn JS, Petrik J. Thetumor microenvironment'sinpancreatic cancer:Effects onimmunotherapy successandnovel strategiestoovercomethehostile environment. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 259:155370. [PMID: 38815507 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a significant global health issue that poses a considerable burden on both patients and healthcare systems. Many different types of cancers exist that often require unique treatment approaches and therapies. A hallmark of tumor progression is the creation of an immunosuppressive environment, which poses complex challenges for current treatments. Amongst the most explored characteristics is a hypoxic environment, high interstitial pressure, and immunosuppressive cells and cytokines. Traditional cancer treatments involve radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgical procedures. The advent of immunotherapies was regarded as a promising approach with hopes of greatly increasing patients' survival and outcome. Although some success is seen with various immunotherapies, the vast majority of monotherapies are unsuccessful. This review examines how various aspects of the tumor microenvironment (TME) present challenges that impede the success of immunotherapies. Subsequently, we review strategies to manipulate the TME to facilitate the success of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sören Eichhorn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Jim Petrik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1 Canada.
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Schäfer TE, Knol LI, Haas FV, Hartley A, Pernickel SCS, Jády A, Finkbeiner MSC, Achberger J, Arelaki S, Modic Ž, Schröer K, Zhang W, Schmidt B, Schuster P, Haferkamp S, Doerner J, Gebauer F, Ackermann M, Kvasnicka HM, Kulkarni A, Bots STF, Kemp V, Hawinkels LJAC, Poetsch AR, Hoeben RC, Ehrhardt A, Marchini A, Ungerechts G, Ball CR, Engeland CE. Biomarker screen for efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy in patient-derived pancreatic cancer cultures. EBioMedicine 2024; 105:105219. [PMID: 38941955 PMCID: PMC11260584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a tumour entity with unmet medical need. To assess the therapeutic potential of oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) against PDAC, different oncolytic viruses (OVs) are currently investigated in clinical trials. However, systematic comparisons of these different OVs in terms of efficacy against PDAC and biomarkers predicting therapeutic response are lacking. METHODS We screened fourteen patient-derived PDAC cultures which reflect the intra- and intertumoural heterogeneity of PDAC for their sensitivity to five clinically relevant OVs, namely serotype 5 adenovirus Ad5-hTERT, herpes virus T-VEC, measles vaccine strain MV-NIS, reovirus jin-3, and protoparvovirus H-1PV. Live cell analysis, quantification of viral genome/gene expression, cell viability as well as cytotoxicity assays and titration of viral progeny were conducted. Transcriptome profiling was employed to identify potential predictive biomarkers for response to OV treatment. FINDINGS Patient-derived PDAC cultures showed individual response patterns to OV treatment. Twelve of fourteen cultures were responsive to at least one OV, with no single OV proving superior or inferior across all cultures. Known host factors for distinct viruses were retrieved as potential biomarkers. Compared to the classical molecular subtype, the quasi-mesenchymal or basal-like subtype of PDAC was found to be more sensitive to H-1PV, jin-3, and T-VEC. Generally, expression of viral entry receptors did not correlate with sensitivity to OV treatment, with one exception: Expression of Galectin-1 (LGALS1), a factor involved in H-1PV entry, positively correlated with H-1PV induced cell killing. Rather, cellular pathways controlling immunological, metabolic and proliferative signaling appeared to determine outcome. For instance, high baseline expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) correlated with relative resistance to oncolytic measles virus, whereas low cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) expression was associated with exceptional response. Combination treatment of MV-NIS with a cGAS inhibitor improved tumour cell killing in several PDAC cultures and cells overexpressing cGAS were found to be less sensitive to MV oncolysis. INTERPRETATION Considering the heterogeneity of PDAC and the complexity of biological therapies such as OVs, no single biomarker can explain the spectrum of response patterns. For selection of a particular OV, PDAC molecular subtype, ISG expression as well as activation of distinct signaling and metabolic pathways should be considered. Combination therapies can overcome resistance in specific constellations. Overall, oncolytic virotherapy is a viable treatment option for PDAC, which warrants further development. This study highlights the need for personalised treatment in OVT. By providing all primary data, this study provides a rich source and guidance for ongoing developments. FUNDING German National Science Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG), German Cancer Aid (Deutsche Krebshilfe), German National Academic Scholarship Foundation (Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes), Survival with Pancreatic Cancer Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa E Schäfer
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisanne I Knol
- Department for Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC), A Partnership Between DKFZ, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Germany; Translational Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ferdinand V Haas
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Anna Hartley
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; DNA Vector Laboratory, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sophie C S Pernickel
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Attila Jády
- Department for Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC), A Partnership Between DKFZ, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Germany; Translational Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maximiliane S C Finkbeiner
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Johannes Achberger
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany; Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stella Arelaki
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, Germany
| | - Živa Modic
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Schröer
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Barbara Schmidt
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Schuster
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Haferkamp
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Doerner
- Department of Surgery, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Florian Gebauer
- Department of Surgery, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Helios University Clinic Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany; Institute of Pathology, RWTH University Clinics University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hans-Michael Kvasnicka
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Helios University Clinic Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Amit Kulkarni
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg
| | - Selas T F Bots
- Virus and Cell Biology Lab, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Vera Kemp
- Virus and Cell Biology Lab, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lukas J A C Hawinkels
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anna R Poetsch
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rob C Hoeben
- Virus and Cell Biology Lab, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anja Ehrhardt
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Antonio Marchini
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg
| | - Guy Ungerechts
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia R Ball
- Department for Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC), A Partnership Between DKFZ, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf (HZDR), Germany; Translational Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Translational Functional Cancer Genomics, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Germany; Faculty of Biology, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Germany
| | - Christine E Engeland
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany; Experimental Hematology and Immunotherapy, Department of Hematology, Hemostaseology, Cellular Therapy and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Leipzig University Hospital, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany.
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Iyer M, Ravichandran N, Karuppusamy PA, Gnanarajan R, Yadav MK, Narayanasamy A, Vellingiri B. Molecular insights and promise of oncolytic virus based immunotherapy. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 140:419-492. [PMID: 38762277 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Discovering a therapeutic that can counteract the aggressiveness of this disease's mechanism is crucial for improving survival rates for cancer patients and for better understanding the most different types of cancer. In recent years, using these viruses as an anticancer therapy has been thought to be successful. They mostly work by directly destroying cancer cells, activating the immune system to fight cancer, and expressing exogenous effector genes. For the treatment of tumors, oncolytic viruses (OVs), which can be modified to reproduce only in tumor tissues and lyse them while preserving the healthy non-neoplastic host cells and reinstating antitumor immunity which present a novel immunotherapeutic strategy. OVs can exist naturally or be created in a lab by altering existing viruses. These changes heralded the beginning of a new era of less harmful virus-based cancer therapy. We discuss three different types of oncolytic viruses that have already received regulatory approval to treat cancer as well as clinical research using oncolytic adenoviruses. The primary therapeutic applications, mechanism of action of oncolytic virus updates, future views of this therapy will be covered in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Nandita Ravichandran
- Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Roselin Gnanarajan
- Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Arul Narayanasamy
- Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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Salvato I, Marchini A. Immunotherapeutic Strategies for the Treatment of Glioblastoma: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1276. [PMID: 38610954 PMCID: PMC11010873 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research and the best up-to-date treatments, grade 4 Glioblastoma (GBM) remains uniformly fatal with a patient median overall survival of less than 2 years. Recent advances in immunotherapy have reignited interest in utilizing immunological approaches to fight cancer. However, current immunotherapies have so far not met the anticipated expectations, achieving modest results in their journey from bench to bedside for the treatment of GBM. Understanding the intrinsic features of GBM is of crucial importance for the development of effective antitumoral strategies to improve patient life expectancy and conditions. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the distinctive characteristics of GBM that significantly influence current conventional therapies and immune-based approaches. Moreover, we present an overview of the immunotherapeutic strategies currently undergoing clinical evaluation for GBM treatment, with a specific emphasis on those advancing to phase 3 clinical studies. These encompass immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive T cell therapies, vaccination strategies (i.e., RNA-, DNA-, and peptide-based vaccines), and virus-based approaches. Finally, we explore novel innovative strategies and future prospects in the field of immunotherapy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Salvato
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics (LOVIT), Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Antonio Marchini
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics (LOVIT), Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Chowaniec H, Ślubowska A, Mroczek M, Borowczyk M, Braszka M, Dworacki G, Dobosz P, Wichtowski M. New hopes for the breast cancer treatment: perspectives on the oncolytic virus therapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1375433. [PMID: 38576614 PMCID: PMC10991781 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1375433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy has emerged as a promising frontier in cancer treatment, especially for solid tumours. While immunotherapies like immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T cells have demonstrated impressive results, their limitations in inducing complete tumour regression have spurred researchers to explore new approaches targeting tumours resistant to current immunotherapies. OVs, both natural and genetically engineered, selectively replicate within cancer cells, inducing their lysis while sparing normal tissues. Recent advancements in clinical research and genetic engineering have enabled the development of targeted viruses that modify the tumour microenvironment, triggering anti-tumour immune responses and exhibiting synergistic effects with other cancer therapies. Several OVs have been studied for breast cancer treatment, including adenovirus, protoparvovirus, vaccinia virus, reovirus, and herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1). These viruses have been modified or engineered to enhance their tumour-selective replication, reduce toxicity, and improve oncolytic properties.Newer generations of OVs, such as Oncoviron and Delta-24-RGD adenovirus, exhibit heightened replication selectivity and enhanced anticancer effects, particularly in breast cancer models. Clinical trials have explored the efficacy and safety of various OVs in treating different cancers, including melanoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, head and neck cancer, and gynecologic malignancies. Notably, Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) and Oncorine have. been approved for advanced melanoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, respectively. However, adverse effects have been reported in some cases, including flu-like symptoms and rare instances of severe complications such as fistula formation. Although no OV has been approved specifically for breast cancer treatment, ongoing preclinical clinical trials focus on four groups of viruses. While mild adverse effects like low-grade fever and nausea have been observed, the effectiveness of OV monotherapy in breast cancer remains insufficient. Combination strategies integrating OVs with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or immunotherapy, show promise in improving therapeutic outcomes. Oncolytic virus therapy holds substantial potential in breast cancer treatment, demonstrating safety in trials. Multi-approach strategies combining OVs with conventional therapies exhibit more promising therapeutic effects than monotherapy, signalling a hopeful future for OV-based breast cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Chowaniec
- Department of Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Antonina Ślubowska
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Mroczek
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Univeristy of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martyna Borowczyk
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Braszka
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Grzegorz Dworacki
- Department of Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Chair of Patomorphology and Clinical Immunology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paula Dobosz
- University Centre of Cancer Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wichtowski
- Surgical Oncology Clinic, Institute of Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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8
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Dash SR, Kundu A, Kundu CN. The role of viruses in cancer progression versus cancer treatment: A dual paradigm. Life Sci 2024; 341:122506. [PMID: 38373620 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Most human malignancies are attributed to exposure to infectious organisms such as viruses. Certain infections that can induce cancer can evade the immune system, leading to persistent inflammation that facilitates uncontrolled cell growth. Moreover, these pathogens can increase the likelihood of oncogenic transformation, leading to cancer development. Despite significant advancements in medicine, oncological research continues to seek innovative treatment techniques in light of the constraints imposed by traditional therapeutic agents. Virus-based therapy is a novel treatment method that has garnered significant interest due to its broad range of applications. Virotherapy employs oncolytic viruses that are genetically modified to target tumor cells specifically, undergo replication inside them and destroy the malignant cells. Additionally, this therapeutic approach elicits an anticancer response by boosting the patient's immune system. In addition, viruses are commonly employed as targeted delivery vectors for the precise transportation of various genes, medicinal compounds and immune-stimulating substances. Furthermore, virotherapy offers more excellent anticancer activity in combination with established treatment modalities such as immune therapy, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. This review presents a concise overview of the roles played by infectious agents, such as viruses in cancer progression. In addition, we have thoroughly summarized the advancements in utilizing viruses for their oncolytic properties in conjunction with established cancer treatment modalities such as chemotherapy, radiation and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somya Ranjan Dash
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Anushka Kundu
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Chanakya Nath Kundu
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India.
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9
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Guterres A, Filho PNS, Moura-Neto V. Breaking Barriers: A Future Perspective on Glioblastoma Therapy with mRNA-Based Immunotherapies and Oncolytic Viruses. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:61. [PMID: 38250874 PMCID: PMC10818651 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of mRNA-based immunotherapies that leverage the genomes of oncolytic viruses holds significant promise in addressing glioblastoma (GBM), an exceptionally aggressive neurological tumor. We explore the significance of mRNA-based platforms in the area of immunotherapy, introducing an innovative approach to mitigate the risks associated with the use of live viruses in cancer treatment. The ability to customize oncolytic virus genome sequences enables researchers to precisely target specific cancer cells, either through viral genome segments containing structural proteins or through a combination of regions with oncolytic potential. This strategy may enhance treatment effectiveness while minimizing unintended impacts on non-cancerous cells. A notable case highlighted here pertains to advanced findings regarding the application of the Zika virus (ZIKV) in GBM treatment. ZIKV, a member of the family Flaviviridae, shows oncolytic properties against GBM, opening novel therapeutic avenues. We explore intensive investigations of glioblastoma stem cells, recognized as key drivers in GBM initiation, progression, and resistance to therapy. However, a comprehensive elucidation of ZIKV's underlying mechanisms is imperative to pave the way for ZIKV-based clinical trials targeting GBM patients. This investigation into harnessing the potential of oncolytic-virus genomes for mRNA-based immunotherapies underscores its noteworthy implications, potentially paving the way for a paradigm shift in cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandro Guterres
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Imunológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Vice-Diretoria de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Vivaldo Moura-Neto
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro 20231-092, RJ, Brazil; (P.N.S.F.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, RJ, Brazil
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10
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Seyed-Khorrami SM, Azadi A, Rastegarvand N, Habibian A, Soleimanjahi H, Łos MJ. A promising future in cancer immunotherapy: Oncolytic viruses. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176063. [PMID: 37797673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Alongside the conventional methods, attention has been drawn to the use of immunotherapy-based methods for cancer treatment. Immunotherapy has developed as a therapeutic option that can be more specific with better outcomes in tumor treatment. It can boost or regulate the immune system behind the targeted virotherapy. Virotherapy is a kind of oncolytic immunotherapy that investigated broadly in cancer treatment in recent decades, due to its several advantages. According to recent advance in the field of understanding cancer cell biology and its occurrence, as well as increasing the knowledge about conditionally replicating oncolytic viruses and their destructive function in the tumor cells, nowadays, it is possible to apply this strategy in the treatment of malignancies. Relying on achievements in clinical trials of oncolytic viruses, we can certainly expect that this therapeutic perception can play a more central role in cancer treatment. In cancer treatment, combination therapy using oncolytic viruses alongside standard cancer treatment methods and other immunotherapy-based treatments can expect more promising results in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arezou Azadi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Rastegarvand
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ala Habibian
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoorieh Soleimanjahi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Marek J Łos
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, 8 Krzywousty St., 44-100, Gliwice, Poland; LinkoCare Life Sciences AB, Linkoping, Sweden.
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11
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Nayak V, Patra S, Singh KR, Ganguly B, Kumar DN, Panda D, Maurya GK, Singh J, Majhi S, Sharma R, Pandey SS, Singh RP, Kerry RG. Advancement in precision diagnosis and therapeutic for triple-negative breast cancer: Harnessing diagnostic potential of CRISPR-cas & engineered CAR T-cells mediated therapeutics. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116573. [PMID: 37437865 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, disrupted regulatory pathways, and the accumulation of genetic mutations. These mutations across different types of cancer lead to disruptions in signaling pathways and alterations in protein expression related to cellular growth and proliferation. This review highlights the AKT signaling cascade and the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) regulating cascade as promising for novel nanotheranostic interventions. Through synergizing state-of-the-art gene editing tools like the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas system with nanomaterials and targeting AKT, there is potential to enhance cancer diagnostics significantly. Furthermore, the integration of modified CAR-T cells into multifunctional nanodelivery systems offers a promising approach for targeted cancer inhibition, including the eradication of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Within the context of highly aggressive and metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), this review specifically focuses on devising innovative nanotheranostics. For both pre-clinical and post-clinical TNBC detection, the utilization of the CRISPR-Cas system, guided by RNA (gRNA) and coupled with a fluorescent reporter specifically designed to detect TNBC's mutated sequence, could be promising. Additionally, a cutting-edge approach involving the engineering of TNBC-specific iCAR and syn-Notch CAR T-cells, combined with the co-delivery of a hybrid polymeric nano-liposome encapsulating a conditionally replicative adenoviral vector (CRAdV) against CSCs, could present an intriguing intervention strategy. This review thus paves the way for exciting advancements in the field of nanotheranostics for the treatment of TNBC and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Nayak
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research- National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease- International Center for Foot and Mouth Disease, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sushmita Patra
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi-Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Kshitij Rb Singh
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Japan.
| | - Bristy Ganguly
- Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Das Nishant Kumar
- PG Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Deepak Panda
- PG Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ganesh Kumar Maurya
- Zoology Section, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jay Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanatan Majhi
- PG Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shyam S Pandey
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Japan.
| | - Ravindra Pratap Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Rout George Kerry
- PG Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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12
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Hamdan F, Fusciello M, Cerullo V. Personalizing Oncolytic Virotherapy. Hum Gene Ther 2023; 34:870-877. [PMID: 37698876 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2023.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of oncolytic viruses has become an attractive tool in the clinics for the treatment of various tumor types. Such viruses are genetically modified to conditionally replicate in malignant cells while unharming healthy cells. This platform offers a highly specific tumor killing with exceptional safety profiles. However, the use of oncolytic viruses as sole oncolytic platforms has not achieved full tumor clearance in murine models and in the clinics. In fact, the formation of anti-tumor immune responses is attributed to the effectiveness of oncolytic viruses. In this review, we will discuss the various strategies that scientists have employed to enhance the anti-tumor immune responses driven by oncolytic viruses. Moreover, focus will be drawn into personalizing such anti-tumor responses by the addition of tumor-associated peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Hamdan
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Drug Delivery, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Manlio Fusciello
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Drug Delivery, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vincenzo Cerullo
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Drug Delivery, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Shahbaz A, Mahmood T, Javed MU, Abbasi BH. Current advances in microbial-based cancer therapies. Med Oncol 2023; 40:207. [PMID: 37330997 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Microbes have an immense metabolic capability and can adapt to a wide variety of environments; as a result, they share complicated relationships with cancer. The goal of microbial-based cancer therapy is to treat patients with cancers that are not easily treatable, by using tumor-specific infectious microorganisms. Nevertheless, a number of difficulties have been encountered as a result of the harmful effects of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and alternative cancer therapies, such as the toxicity to non-cancerous cells, the inability of medicines to penetrate deep tumor tissue, and the ongoing problem of rising drug resistance in tumor cells. Due to these difficulties, there is now a larger need for designing alternative strategies that are more effective and selective when targeting tumor cells. The fight against cancer has advanced significantly owing to cancer immunotherapy. The researchers have greatly benefited from their understanding of tumor-invading immune cells as well as the immune responses that are specifically targeted against cancer. Application of bacterial and viral cancer therapeutics offers promising potential to be employed as cancer treatments among immunotherapies. As a novel therapeutic strategy, microbial targeting of tumors has been created to address the persisting hurdles of cancer treatment. This review outlines the mechanisms by which both bacteria and viruses target and inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells. Their ongoing clinical trials and possible modifications that can be made in the future have also been addressed in the following sections. These microbial-based cancer medicines have the ability to suppress cancer that builds up and multiplies in the tumor microenvironment and triggers antitumor immune responses, in contrast to other cancer medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej Shahbaz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medicine Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tehreem Mahmood
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Uzair Javed
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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14
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Kaur SD, Singh AD, Kapoor DN. Current perspectives on Vaxinia virus: an immuno-oncolytic vector in cancer therapy. Med Oncol 2023; 40:205. [PMID: 37318642 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are being researched as cutting-edge therapeutic agents in cancer due to their selective oncolytic action against malignancies. Immuno-oncolytic viruses are a potential category of anticancer treatments because they have natural features that allow viruses to efficiently infect, replicate, and destroy cancer cells. Oncolytic viruses may be genetically modified; engineers can use them as a platform to develop additional therapy modalities that overcome the limitations of current treatment approaches. In recent years, researchers have made great strides in the understanding relationship between cancer and the immune system. An increasing corpus of research is functioning on the immunomodulatory functions of oncolytic virus (OVs). Several clinical studies are currently underway to determine the efficacy of these immuno-oncolytic viruses. These studies are exploring the design of these platforms to elicit the desired immune response and to supplement the available immunotherapeutic modalities to render immune-resistant malignancies amenable to treatment. This review will discuss current research and clinical developments on Vaxinia immuno-oncolytic virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Deep Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Aman Deep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142048, India
| | - Deepak N Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India.
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15
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Duan S, Wang S, Qiao L, Yu X, Wang N, Chen L, Zhang X, Zhao X, Liu H, Wang T, Wu Y, Li N, Liu F. Oncolytic Virus-Driven Biotherapies from Bench to Bedside. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206948. [PMID: 36879416 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With advances in cancer biology and an ever-deepening understanding of molecular virology, oncolytic virus (OV)-driven therapies have developed rapidly and become a promising alternative to traditional cancer therapies. In recent years, satisfactory results for oncolytic virus therapy (OVT) are achieved at both the cellular and organismal levels, and efforts are being increasingly directed toward clinical trials. Unfortunately, OVT remains ineffective in these trials, especially when performed using only a single OV reagent. In contrast, integrated approaches, such as using immunotherapy, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy, alongside OVT have demonstrated considerable efficacy. The challenges of OVT in clinical efficacy include the restricted scope of intratumoral injections and poor targeting of intravenous administration. Further optimization of OVT delivery is needed before OVs become a viable therapy for tumor treatment. In this review, the development process and antitumor mechanisms of OVs are introduced. The advances in OVT delivery routes to provide perspectives and directions for the improvement of OVT delivery are highlighted. This review also discusses the advantages and limitations of OVT monotherapy and combination therapy through the lens of recent clinical trials and aims to chart a course toward safer and more effective OVT strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Duan
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Phase I Clinical Trials Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Shuhang Wang
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lei Qiao
- Colorectal and Henia Minimally Invasive Surgery Unit, Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xinbo Yu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Phase I Clinical Trials Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Phase I Clinical Trials Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Liting Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Phase I Clinical Trials Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Phase I Clinical Trials Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Phase I Clinical Trials Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Phase I Clinical Trials Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Tianye Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Phase I Clinical Trials Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Phase I Clinical Trials Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Department of General Practice, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Ning Li
- Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Funan Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Phase I Clinical Trials Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
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16
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Qu S, Huang C, Zhu T, Wang K, Zhang H, Wang L, Xu R, Zheng H, Yuan X, Liu G, Zhu R, Qu J, Yi G, Qi S. OLFML3, as a potential predictor of prognosis and therapeutic target for glioma, is closely related to immune cell infiltration. VIEW 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20220052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shanqiang Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Chengying Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Baiyun Branch, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Taichen Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Kaicheng Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Huayang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Luyao Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Rongyang Xu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Guangjie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Rongzhang Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Qu
- Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis Davis California USA
| | - Guozhong Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
- Nanfang Glioma Center Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
- Institute of Brain disease Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Songtao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
- Nanfang Glioma Center Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
- Institute of Brain disease Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong People's Republic of China
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17
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Ghasemi Darestani N, Gilmanova AI, Al-Gazally ME, Zekiy AO, Ansari MJ, Zabibah RS, Jawad MA, Al-Shalah SAJ, Rizaev JA, Alnassar YS, Mohammed NM, Mustafa YF, Darvishi M, Akhavan-Sigari R. Mesenchymal stem cell-released oncolytic virus: an innovative strategy for cancer treatment. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:43. [PMID: 36829187 PMCID: PMC9960453 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-01012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) infect, multiply, and finally remove tumor cells selectively, causing no damage to normal cells in the process. Because of their specific features, such as, the ability to induce immunogenic cell death and to contain curative transgenes in their genomes, OVs have attracted attention as candidates to be utilized in cooperation with immunotherapies for cancer treatment. This treatment takes advantage of most tumor cells' inherent tendency to be infected by certain OVs and both innate and adaptive immune responses are elicited by OV infection and oncolysis. OVs can also modulate tumor microenvironment and boost anti-tumor immune responses. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are gathering interest as promising anti-cancer treatments with the ability to address a wide range of cancers. MSCs exhibit tumor-trophic migration characteristics, allowing them to be used as delivery vehicles for successful, targeted treatment of isolated tumors and metastatic malignancies. Preclinical and clinical research were reviewed in this study to discuss using MSC-released OVs as a novel method for the treatment of cancer. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna I Gilmanova
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Angelina O Zekiy
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahman S Zabibah
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | | | - Saif A J Al-Shalah
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Jasur Alimdjanovich Rizaev
- Department of Public Health and Healthcare Management, Rector, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | | | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, 41001, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Darvishi
- Department of Aerospace and Subaquatic Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center (IDTMRC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University, Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Najafi S, Majidpoor J, Mortezaee K. The impact of oncolytic adenoviral therapy on the therapeutic efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114436. [PMID: 36841031 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized treatment of cancer during the last decades. Oncolytic virotherapy has also emerged as a strategy to fight against cancer cells both via lysis of malignant cells and activating immune responses. Accepted as a logical strategy, combination of monoclonal antibodies particularly against the programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is introduced to improve clinical responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Accordingly, Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) has received approval for clinical use, while a number of oncolytic Adenoviruses (Ads) are being investigated in clinical trials of malignancies. Combination of oncolytic Ads with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have shown potentials in promoting responses to ICIs, changing the tumor microenvironment, inducing long-term protection against tumor, and promoting survival among mice models of malignancies. Regarding the increasing importance of oncolytic Ads in combination therapy of cancers, in this review we decide to outline recent studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Najafi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran; Cancer and Immunology Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
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19
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Oncolytic viruses as emerging therapy against cancers including Oncovirus-induced cancers. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 939:175393. [PMID: 36435236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There are several human viruses with known potential for causing cancers including, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, Epstein-Barr virus, Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus, Human T-cell lymphotropic virus, Human papillomavirus, and Merkel cell polyomavirus. Cancer is the second leading cause of death that affects humans worldwide, especially in developing countries. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy can cure about 60% of humans with cancer but recurrent and metastatic diseases remain a major reason for death. In recent years, understanding the molecular characteristics of cancer cells has led to the improvement of therapeutic strategies using novel emerging therapies. Oncolytic viruses with the potential of lysing cancer cells defined the field of oncolytic virology, hence becoming a biotechnology tool rather than just a cause of disease. This study mainly focused on targeting cell proliferation and death pathways in human tumor-inducing viruses by developing innovative therapies for cancer patients based on the natural oncolytic properties of reovirus. To kill tumor cells efficiently and reduce the chance of recurrence both the direct ability of reovirus infection to lyse the tumor cells and the stimulation of a potent host immune response are applied. Hence, bioengineered stem cells can be used as smart carriers to improve the efficacy of oncolytic reovirus and safety profiles.
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20
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Fatima M, Amraiz D, Navid MT. Oncolytic Virotherapy. Cancer Treat Res 2023; 185:105-126. [PMID: 37306907 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27156-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy opens up avenues for cancer treatment by selectively targeting the cancer cells and destructs them either through direct lysis or by inducing an immune response in the tumor microenvironment. This platform technology utilizes a diverse range naturally existing or genetically modified oncolytic viruses for their immunotherapeutic potential. Due to the limitations associated with the conventional cancer therapies, immunotherapies using oncolytic viruses (OVs) have generated a great deal of interest in the modern era. Currently, several oncolytic viruses have entered clinical trials and have proven successful for a number of different cancers as monotherapies as well as in combination with the standard treatment methods like chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or immunotherapy. Efficacy of OVs can be further enhanced by utilizing several approaches. Efforts of the scientific community for getting better knowledge of individual patient tumor immune responses will enable medical community to treat cancer patients more precisely. In this regard, OV seems to be a part of multimodality cancer treatment option in the near future. In this chapter, the fundamental characteristics and mechanism of actions of oncolytic viruses are initially described and then overview of the important clinical trials of various oncolytic viruses for a number of cancers is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munazza Fatima
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Deeba Amraiz
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Tariq Navid
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Jafari M, Kadkhodazadeh M, Shapourabadi MB, Goradel NH, Shokrgozar MA, Arashkia A, Abdoli S, Sharifzadeh Z. Immunovirotherapy: The role of antibody based therapeutics combination with oncolytic viruses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1012806. [PMID: 36311790 PMCID: PMC9608759 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1012806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that the new drugs and targeted therapies have been approved for cancer therapy during the past 30 years, the majority of cancer types are still remain challenging to be treated. Due to the tumor heterogeneity, immune system evasion and the complex interaction between the tumor microenvironment and immune cells, the great majority of malignancies need multimodal therapy. Unfortunately, tumors frequently develop treatment resistance, so it is important to have a variety of therapeutic choices available for the treatment of neoplastic diseases. Immunotherapy has lately shown clinical responses in malignancies with unfavorable outcomes. Oncolytic virus (OV) immunotherapy is a cancer treatment strategy that employs naturally occurring or genetically-modified viruses that multiply preferentially within cancer cells. OVs have the ability to not only induce oncolysis but also activate cells of the immune system, which in turn activates innate and adaptive anticancer responses. Despite the fact that OVs were translated into clinical trials, with T-VECs receiving FDA approval for melanoma, their use in fighting cancer faced some challenges, including off-target side effects, immune system clearance, non-specific uptake, and intratumoral spread of OVs in solid tumors. Although various strategies have been used to overcome the challenges, these strategies have not provided promising outcomes in monotherapy with OVs. In this situation, it is increasingly common to use rational combinations of immunotherapies to improve patient benefit. With the development of other aspects of cancer immunotherapy strategies, combinational therapy has been proposed to improve the anti-tumor activities of OVs. In this regard, OVs were combined with other biotherapeutic platforms, including various forms of antibodies, nanobodies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, and dendritic cells, to reduce the side effects of OVs and enhance their efficacy. This article reviews the promising outcomes of OVs in cancer therapy, the challenges OVs face and solutions, and their combination with other biotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdie Jafari
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Nasser Hashemi Goradel
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Arash Arashkia
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasture Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahriyar Abdoli
- School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Zahra Sharifzadeh, ; Shahriyar Abdoli,
| | - Zahra Sharifzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Zahra Sharifzadeh, ; Shahriyar Abdoli,
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22
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Huang L, Zhao H, Shan M, Chen H, Xu B, He Y, Zhao Y, Liu Z, Chen J, Xu Q. Oncolytic adenovirus H101 ameliorate the efficacy of anti-PD-1 monotherapy in colorectal cancer. Cancer Med 2022; 11:4575-4587. [PMID: 35762456 PMCID: PMC9741988 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint blockade therapy with anti-programmed cell death (PD)-1 antibodies provides therapeutic effect for many patients of various cancers but remains inadequate in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The present study aims to assess the efficacy of oncolytic adenovirus (OncoAd ) in enhancing the anti-PD-1 treatment of CRC. METHODS The estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts algorithm was used for estimating the infiltrated immune cells in melanoma and CRC tissues. The efficacy of OncoAd with anti-PD-1 monotherapy was performed in a CT26 CRC mouse model in vivo. Flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood and tumor tissues determined the difference anti-tumor immune efficacy of OncoAd with anti-PD-1 monotherapy. RESULTS The Cancer Genome Atlas database indicated that CD8+ T cells and regulatory T cells were significantly elevated in melanoma compared to CRC cohorts. Moreover, intratumor injection of oncolytic adenovirus enhanced T cell infiltration and decreased Treg percentages in the CT26 CRC colorectal cancer mouse model. Combinatorial OncoAd with anti-PD-1 antibody treatment markedly enhanced the anti-tumor efficacy of anti-PD-1 by significantly decreasing the tumor volume and reducing tumor growth in a CRC mouse model. To the end, OncoAd treatment increased the CD8/Treg ratio, indicating that OncoAd intratumor injection ameliorate the anti-tumor immune response of anti-PD-1 therapy. CONCLUSION The present study elucidates that OncoAd promotes intratumor T cell infiltration and improves anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, thereby providing a potent combinatorial therapeutic strategy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina,Tongji University Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Huaxin Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina,Tongji University Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | | | - Hong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryFujian Provincial HospitalFuzhouChina
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShangaiChina
| | - Yang He
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina,Tongji University Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Zhuqing Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina,Tongji University Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina,Tongji University Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina,Tongji University Cancer CenterShanghaiChina,Anhui Medical UniversityHeFeiChina
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23
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Ferreira T, Kulkarni A, Bretscher C, Nazarov PV, Hossain JA, Ystaas LAR, Miletic H, Röth R, Niesler B, Marchini A. Oncolytic H-1 Parvovirus Hijacks Galectin-1 to Enter Cancer Cells. Viruses 2022; 14:1018. [PMID: 35632759 PMCID: PMC9146882 DOI: 10.3390/v14051018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies in glioblastoma and pancreatic carcinoma patients strongly support the further development of H-1 protoparvovirus (H-1PV)-based anticancer therapies. The identification of cellular factors involved in the H-1PV life cycle may provide the knowledge to improve H-1PV anticancer potential. Recently, we showed that sialylated laminins mediate H-1PV attachment at the cell membrane. In this study, we revealed that H-1PV also interacts at the cell surface with galectin-1 and uses this glycoprotein to enter cancer cells. Indeed, knockdown/out of LGALS1, the gene encoding galectin-1, strongly decreases the ability of H-1PV to infect and kill cancer cells. This ability is rescued by the re-introduction of LGALS1 into cancer cells. Pre-treatment with lactose, which is able to bind to galectins and modulate their cellular functions, decreased H-1PV infectivity in a dose dependent manner. In silico analysis reveals that LGALS1 is overexpressed in various tumours including glioblastoma and pancreatic carcinoma. We show by immunohistochemistry analysis of 122 glioblastoma biopsies that galectin-1 protein levels vary between tumours, with levels in recurrent glioblastoma higher than those in primary tumours or normal tissues. We also find a direct correlation between LGALS1 transcript levels and H-1PV oncolytic activity in 53 cancer cell lines from different tumour origins. Strikingly, the addition of purified galectin-1 sensitises poorly susceptible GBM cell lines to H-1PV killing activity by rescuing cell entry. Together, these findings demonstrate that galectin-1 is a crucial determinant of the H-1PV life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Ferreira
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.F.); (C.B.)
| | - Amit Kulkarni
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
| | - Clemens Bretscher
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.F.); (C.B.)
| | - Petr V. Nazarov
- Bioinformatics Platform and Multiomics Data Science Research Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
| | - Jubayer A. Hossain
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway; (J.A.H.); (L.A.R.Y.); (H.M.)
| | - Lars A. R. Ystaas
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway; (J.A.H.); (L.A.R.Y.); (H.M.)
| | - Hrvoje Miletic
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway; (J.A.H.); (L.A.R.Y.); (H.M.)
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ralph Röth
- nCounter Core Facility, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.R.); (B.N.)
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate Niesler
- nCounter Core Facility, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.R.); (B.N.)
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonio Marchini
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.F.); (C.B.)
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
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24
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Firoz A, Ali HM, Rehman S, Rather IA. Gastric Cancer and Viruses: A Fine Line between Friend or Foe. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040600. [PMID: 35455349 PMCID: PMC9025827 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a significant health concern worldwide, with a GLOBOCAN estimate of 1.08 million novel cases in 2020. It is the leading cause of disability-adjusted life years lost to cancer, with the fourth most common cancer in males and the fifth most common cancer in females. Strategies are pursued across the globe to prevent gastric cancer progression as a significant fraction of gastric cancers have been linked to various pathogenic (bacterial and viral) infections. Early diagnosis (in Asian countries), and non-invasive and surgical treatments have helped manage this disease with 5-year survival for stage IA and IB tumors ranging between 60% and 80%. However, the most prevalent aggressive stage III gastric tumors undergoing surgery have a lower 5-year survival rate between 18% and 50%. These figures point to a need for more efficient diagnostic and treatment strategies, for which the oncolytic viruses (OVs) appear to have some promise. OVs form a new therapeutic agent class that induces anti-tumor immune responses by selectively killing tumor cells and inducing systemic anti-tumor immunity. On the contrary, several oncogenic viruses have been shown to play significant roles in malignancy progression in the case of gastric cancer. Therefore, this review evaluates the current state of research and advances in understanding the dual role of viruses in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Firoz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.F.); (H.M.A.)
- Princess Dr Najla Bint Saud Al-Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Mohammed Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.F.); (H.M.A.)
- Princess Dr Najla Bint Saud Al-Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suriya Rehman
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (I.A.R.)
| | - Irfan A. Rather
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.F.); (H.M.A.)
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (I.A.R.)
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25
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de la Nava D, Selvi KM, Alonso MM. Immunovirotherapy for Pediatric Solid Tumors: A Promising Treatment That is Becoming a Reality. Front Immunol 2022; 13:866892. [PMID: 35493490 PMCID: PMC9043602 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.866892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has seen tremendous strides in the last decade, acquiring a prominent position at the forefront of cancer treatment since it has been proven to be efficacious for a wide variety of tumors. Nevertheless, while immunotherapy has changed the paradigm of adult tumor treatment, this progress has not yet been translated to the pediatric solid tumor population. For this reason, alternative curative therapies are urgently needed for the most aggressive pediatric tumors. In recent years, oncolytic virotherapy has consolidated as a feasible strategy for cancer treatment, not only for its tumor-specific effects and safety profile but also for its capacity to trigger an antitumor immune response. This review will summarize the current status of immunovirotherapy to treat cancer, focusing on pediatric solid malignancies. We will revisit previous basic, translational, and clinical research and discuss advances in overcoming the existing barriers and limitations to translate this promising therapeutic as an every-day cancer treatment for the pediatric and young adult populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel de la Nava
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Programs in Solid Tumors and Neuroscience, Foundation for the Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Kadir Mert Selvi
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Programs in Solid Tumors and Neuroscience, Foundation for the Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta M. Alonso
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Programs in Solid Tumors and Neuroscience, Foundation for the Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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26
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Shi R, Zhang Z, Zhu A, Xiong X, Zhang J, Xu J, Sy MS, Li C. Targeting Type I Collagen for Cancer Treatment. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:665-683. [PMID: 35225360 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is the most abundant protein in animals. Interactions between tumor cells and collagen influence every step of tumor development. Type I collagen is the main fibrillar collagen in the extracellular matrix and is frequently up-regulated during tumorigenesis. The binding of type I collagen to its receptors on tumor cells promotes tumor cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and metastasis. Type I collagen also regulates the efficacy of tumor therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Furthermore, type I collagen fragments are diagnostic markers of metastatic tumors and have prognostic value. Inhibition of type I collagen synthesis has been reported to have anti-tumor effects in animal models. However, collagen has also been shown to possess anti-tumor activity. Therefore, the roles that type I collagen plays in tumor biology are complex and tumor type-dependent. In this review, we discuss the expression and regulation of synthesis of type I collagen, as well as the role up-regulated type I collagen plays in various stages of cancer progression. We also discuss the role of collagen in tumor therapy. Finally, we highlight several recent approaches targeting type I collagen for cancer treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Shi
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong High Education Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong High Education Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ankai Zhu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong High Education Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingxing Xiong
- Department of Operating Room, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong High Education Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Xu
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Man-Sun Sy
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Chaoyang Li
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong High Education Institute, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Jager MC, Tomlinson JE, Lopez-Astacio RA, Parrish CR, Van de Walle GR. Small but mighty: old and new parvoviruses of veterinary significance. Virol J 2021; 18:210. [PMID: 34689822 PMCID: PMC8542416 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In line with the Latin expression "sed parva forti" meaning "small but mighty," the family Parvoviridae contains many of the smallest known viruses, some of which result in fatal or debilitating infections. In recent years, advances in metagenomic viral discovery techniques have dramatically increased the identification of novel parvoviruses in both diseased and healthy individuals. While some of these discoveries have solved etiologic mysteries of well-described diseases in animals, many of the newly discovered parvoviruses appear to cause mild or no disease, or disease associations remain to be established. With the increased use of animal parvoviruses as vectors for gene therapy and oncolytic treatments in humans, it becomes all the more important to understand the diversity, pathogenic potential, and evolution of this diverse family of viruses. In this review, we discuss parvoviruses infecting vertebrate animals, with a special focus on pathogens of veterinary significance and viruses discovered within the last four years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason C Jager
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Joy E Tomlinson
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Robert A Lopez-Astacio
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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28
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Santos Apolonio J, Lima de Souza Gonçalves V, Cordeiro Santos ML, Silva Luz M, Silva Souza JV, Rocha Pinheiro SL, de Souza WR, Sande Loureiro M, de Melo FF. Oncolytic virus therapy in cancer: A current review. World J Virol 2021; 10:229-255. [PMID: 34631474 PMCID: PMC8474975 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v10.i5.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In view of the advancement in the understanding about the most diverse types of cancer and consequently a relentless search for a cure and increased survival rates of cancer patients, finding a therapy that is able to combat the mechanism of aggression of this disease is extremely important. Thus, oncolytic viruses (OVs) have demonstrated great benefits in the treatment of cancer because it mediates antitumor effects in several ways. Viruses can be used to infect cancer cells, especially over normal cells, to present tumor-associated antigens, to activate "danger signals" that generate a less immune-tolerant tumor microenvironment, and to serve transduction vehicles for expression of inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines. The success of therapies using OVs was initially demonstrated by the use of the genetically modified herpes virus, talimogene laherparepvec, for the treatment of melanoma. At this time, several OVs are being studied as a potential treatment for cancer in clinical trials. However, it is necessary to be aware of the safety and possible adverse effects of this therapy; after all, an effective treatment for cancer should promote regression, attack the tumor, and in the meantime induce minimal systemic repercussions. In this manuscript, we will present a current review of the mechanism of action of OVs, main clinical uses, updates, and future perspectives on this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Santos Apolonio
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Luísa Cordeiro Santos
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcel Silva Luz
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - João Victor Silva Souza
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Campus Vitória da Conquista, Vitória da Conquista 45083-900, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Samuel Luca Rocha Pinheiro
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Wedja Rafaela de Souza
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Matheus Sande Loureiro
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
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Jin S, Wang Q, Wu H, Pang D, Xu S. Oncolytic viruses for triple negative breast cancer and beyond. Biomark Res 2021; 9:71. [PMID: 34563270 PMCID: PMC8466906 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00318-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological therapy is considered an alternative treatment capable of eliciting the same effects on tumors as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. As a major player in biological therapy, oncolytic viruses (OVs) have attracted great attention and achieved good results. Specifically, the successful application of OVs in head and neck cancer, as well as melanoma, promoted its research in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). TNBC is a high-risk molecular type of breast cancer, characterized by strong invasion, easy recurrence, and metastasis. Due to the absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors, as well as the absence of overexpression or gene amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), endocrine therapy and anti HER-2 targeted therapy have proven ineffective. Although chemotherapy has shown substantial efficacy in some TNBC patients, the occurrence of drug resistance and poor prognosis have prompted the exploration of new and effective treatment methods. The emerging concept of OVs provides a new platform to treat TNBC. Indeed, several studies have confirmed the therapeutic effects of OVs in TNBC. Numerous studies have also investigated the efficacy of OVs in other malignances, including solid tumor clinical trials, thus further demonstrating the promising application of oncolytic virotherapy for TNBC. The primary focus of the current review is the examination of OV mechanisms underlying their antitumor properties, while also summarizing the ongoing progress in OV research regarding TNBC treatment, as well as the various combinatorial strategies comprising OVs and other therapies. We also briefly introduce specific relevant clinical trials and discuss some of the progress in the research of novel OVs for the treatment of other malignancies, thereby affirming the significant therapeutic potential of OVs for the treatment of TNBC, as well as other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengye Jin
- Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150086, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Sino-Russian Medical Research Cen8ter, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150086, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 1550081, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, China.,Sino-Russian Medical Research Cen8ter, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 1550081, China
| | - Da Pang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, China. .,Sino-Russian Medical Research Cen8ter, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, China. .,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Shouping Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, China. .,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150086, China. .,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 1550081, China.
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Huang FY, Wang JY, Dai SZ, Lin YY, Sun Y, Zhang L, Lu Z, Cao R, Tan GH. A recombinant oncolytic Newcastle virus expressing MIP-3α promotes systemic antitumor immunity. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2019-000330. [PMID: 32759233 PMCID: PMC7410001 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is inherently able to trigger the lysis of tumor cells and induce the immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells and is also an excellent gene-engineering vector. The macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) is a specific chemokine for dendritic cells (DCs). Thus, we constructed a recombinant NDV expressing MIP-3α (NDV-MIP3α) as an in vivo DC vaccine for amplifying antitumor immunities. METHODS The recombinant NDV-MIP3α was constructed by the insertion of MIP-3α cDNA between the P and M genes. Western blotting assay and ELISA were used to detect MIP-3α, HMGB1, IgG, and ATP in the supernatant and sera. The chemotaxis of DCs was examined by Transwell chambers. The phenotypes of the immune cells (eg, DCs) were analyzed by flow cytometry. The antitumor efficiency of NDV-MIP3α was observed in B16 and CT26 tumor-bearing mice. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were applied to observe the ecto-calreticulin (CRT) and intratumoral attraction of DCs. Adoptive transfer of splenocytes and antibodies and depletion of T-cell subsets were used to evaluate the relationship between antitumor immunities and the role of the T-cell subtype. RESULTS The findings show that NDV-MIP3α has almost the same capabilities of tumor lysis and induction of ICD as the wild-type NDV (NDV-WT). MIP-3α secreted by NDV-MIP3α could successfully attract DCs in vitro and in vivo. Both B16 and CT26 cells infected with NDV-MIP3α could strongly promote DC maturation and activation. Compared with NDV-WT, intratumoral injection of NDV-MIP3α and the adoptive transfer of T lymphocytes from mice injected with NDV-MIP3α resulted in a significant suppression of B16 and CT26 tumor growth. The NDV-MIP3α-induced production of tumor-specific cellular and humoral immune responses was dependent on CD8+ T cells and partially on CD4+ T cells. A significant reversion of tumor microenvironments was found in the mice injected with NDV-MIP3α. CONCLUSIONS Compared with NDV-WT, the recombinant NDV-MIP3α as an in vivo DC vaccine demonstrates enhanced antitumor activities through the induction of stronger system immunities and modulation of the tumor microenvironment. This strategy may be a potential approach for the generation of an in vivo DC vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jin-Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Dai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ying-Ying Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhuoxuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Rong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Guang-Hong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Gao Y, Wu Y, Huan T, Wang X, Xu J, Xu Q, Yu F, Shi H. The application of oncolytic viruses in cancer therapy. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1945-1954. [PMID: 34448096 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic therapy is a treatment method used to directly combat tumor cells by modifying the genes of naturally occurring low pathogenic viruses to form "rhizobia" virus. By taking the advantage of abnormal signal pathways in cancer cells, it selectively replicates in tumor cells leading to tumor cell lysis and death. At present, clinical studies widely employ biomolecular technology to transform oncolytic viruses to exert stronger oncolytic effects and reduce their adverse reactions. This review summarizes the current progresses and the molecular mechanism of oncolytic viruses towards tumor treatment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Huan
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Suqian, Suqian, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (NCRC-ND), Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinggang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haifeng Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Dias JNR, André AS, Aguiar SI, Gil S, Tavares L, Aires-da-Silva F. Immunotherapeutic Strategies for Canine Lymphoma: Changing the Odds Against Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:621758. [PMID: 34513964 PMCID: PMC8427286 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.621758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The new era of immune-oncology has brought complexities and challenges that emphasize the need to identify new strategies and models to develop successful and cost-effective therapies. The inclusion of a canine model in the drug development of cancer immunotherapies is being widely recognized as a valid solution to overcome several hurdles associated with conventional preclinical models. Driven by the success of immunotherapies in the treatment of human non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and by the remarkable similarities of canine NHL to its human counterpart, canine NHL has been one of the main focus of comparative research. Under the present review, we summarize a general overview of the challenges and prospects of today's cancer immunotherapies and the role that comparative medicine might play in solving the limitations brought by this rapidly expanding field. The state of art of both human and canine NHL and the rationale behind the use of the canine model to bridge the translational gap between murine preclinical studies and human clinical trials are addressed. Finally, a review of currently available immunotherapies for canine NHL is described, highlighting the potential of these therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Frederico Aires-da-Silva
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, Lisbon, Portugal
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Ahmadi A, Ghaleh HE, Dorostkar R, Farzanehpour M, Bolandian M. Oncolytic Coxsackievirus and the Mechanisms of its Effects on Cancer: A Narrative Review. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394716999201228215537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a genetic disease triggered by gene mutations, which control cell growth and
their functionality inherited from previous generations. The targeted therapy of some tumors was
not especially successful. A host of new techniques can be used to treat aptamer-mediated targeting,
cancer immunotherapy, cancer stem cell (CSC) therapy, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), hormone
therapy, intracellular cancer cell targeting, nanoparticles, and viral therapy. These include
chemical-analog conjugation, gene delivery, ligand-receptor-based targeting, prodrug therapies,
and triggered release strategies. Virotherapy is a biotechnological technique for turning viruses into
therapeutic agents by the reprogramming of viruses to cure diseases. In several tumors, including
melanoma, multiple myeloma, bladder cancer, and breast cancer, the oncolytic capacity of oncolytic
Coxsackievirus has been studied. The present study aims to assess oncolytic Coxsackievirus and
its mechanisms of effect on cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ahmadi
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi E.G. Ghaleh
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ruhollah Dorostkar
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Farzanehpour
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Bolandian
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Virotherapy in Germany-Recent Activities in Virus Engineering, Preclinical Development, and Clinical Studies. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081420. [PMID: 34452286 PMCID: PMC8402873 DOI: 10.3390/v13081420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Virotherapy research involves the development, exploration, and application of oncolytic viruses that combine direct killing of cancer cells by viral infection, replication, and spread (oncolysis) with indirect killing by induction of anti-tumor immune responses. Oncolytic viruses can also be engineered to genetically deliver therapeutic proteins for direct or indirect cancer cell killing. In this review—as part of the special edition on “State-of-the-Art Viral Vector Gene Therapy in Germany”—the German community of virotherapists provides an overview of their recent research activities that cover endeavors from screening and engineering viruses as oncolytic cancer therapeutics to their clinical translation in investigator-initiated and sponsored multi-center trials. Preclinical research explores multiple viral platforms, including new isolates, serotypes, or fitness mutants, and pursues unique approaches to engineer them towards increased safety, shielded or targeted delivery, selective or enhanced replication, improved immune activation, delivery of therapeutic proteins or RNA, and redirecting antiviral immunity for cancer cell killing. Moreover, several oncolytic virus-based combination therapies are under investigation. Clinical trials in Germany explore the safety and potency of virotherapeutics based on parvo-, vaccinia, herpes, measles, reo-, adeno-, vesicular stomatitis, and coxsackie viruses, including viruses encoding therapeutic proteins or combinations with immune checkpoint inhibitors. These research advances represent exciting vantage points for future endeavors of the German virotherapy community collectively aimed at the implementation of effective virotherapeutics in clinical oncology.
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Kodet O, Němejcova K, Strnadová K, Havlínová A, Dundr P, Krajsová I, Štork J, Smetana K, Lacina L. The Abscopal Effect in the Era of Checkpoint Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137204. [PMID: 34281259 PMCID: PMC8267720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapy targeting immune checkpoints represents an integral part of the treatment for patients suffering from advanced melanoma. However, the mechanisms of resistance are responsible for a lower therapeutic outcome than expected. Concerning melanoma, insufficient stimulation of the immune system by tumour neoantigens is a likely explanation. As shown previously, radiotherapy is a known option for increasing the production of tumour neoantigens and their release into the microenvironment. Consequently, neoantigens could be recognized by antigen presenting cells (APCs) and subjected to effector T lymphocytes. Enhancing the immune reaction can trigger the therapeutic response also at distant metastases, a phenomenon known as an abscopal effect (from “ab scopus”, that is, away from the target). To illustrate this, we present the case of a 78-year old male treated by anti-CTLA-4/ipilimumab for metastatic melanoma. The patient received the standard four doses of ipilimumab administered every three weeks. However, the control CT scans detected disease progression in the form of axillary lymph nodes metastasis and liver metastasis two months after ipilimumab. At this stage, palliative cryotherapy of the skin metastases was initiated to alleviate the tumour burden. Surprisingly, the effect of cryotherapy was also observed in untreated metastases and deep subcutaneous metastases on the back. Moreover, we observed the disease remission of axillary lymph nodes and liver metastasis two months after the cryotherapy. The rarity of the abscopal effect suggests that even primed anti-tumour CD8+ T cells cannot overcome the tumour microenvironment’s suppressive effect and execute immune clearance. However, the biological mechanism underlying this phenomenon is yet to be elucidated. The elicitation of a systemic response by cryotherapy with documented abscopal effect was rarely reported, although the immune response induction is presumably similar to a radiotherapy-induced one. The report is a combination case study and review of the abscopal effect in melanoma treated with checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Kodet
- Department of Dermatovenereology, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (I.K.); (J.Š.)
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (K.S.J.)
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center, Academy of Science and Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (O.K); (L.L.)
| | - Kristýna Němejcova
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.N.); (P.D.)
| | - Karolína Strnadová
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (K.S.J.)
| | - Andrea Havlínová
- Department of Dermatovenereology, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (I.K.); (J.Š.)
| | - Pavel Dundr
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.N.); (P.D.)
| | - Ivana Krajsová
- Department of Dermatovenereology, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (I.K.); (J.Š.)
| | - Jiří Štork
- Department of Dermatovenereology, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (I.K.); (J.Š.)
| | - Karel Smetana
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (K.S.J.)
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center, Academy of Science and Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Lacina
- Department of Dermatovenereology, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (I.K.); (J.Š.)
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (K.S.J.)
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center, Academy of Science and Charles University, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (O.K); (L.L.)
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Kulkarni A, Ferreira T, Bretscher C, Grewenig A, El-Andaloussi N, Bonifati S, Marttila T, Palissot V, Hossain JA, Azuaje F, Miletic H, Ystaas LAR, Golebiewska A, Niclou SP, Roeth R, Niesler B, Weiss A, Brino L, Marchini A. Oncolytic H-1 parvovirus binds to sialic acid on laminins for cell attachment and entry. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3834. [PMID: 34158478 PMCID: PMC8219832 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
H-1 parvovirus (H-1PV) is a promising anticancer therapy. However, in-depth understanding of its life cycle, including the host cell factors needed for infectivity and oncolysis, is lacking. This understanding may guide the rational design of combination strategies, aid development of more effective viruses, and help identify biomarkers of susceptibility to H-1PV treatment. To identify the host cell factors involved, we carry out siRNA library screening using a druggable genome library. We identify one crucial modulator of H-1PV infection: laminin γ1 (LAMC1). Using loss- and gain-of-function studies, competition experiments, and ELISA, we validate LAMC1 and laminin family members as being essential to H-1PV cell attachment and entry. H-1PV binding to laminins is dependent on their sialic acid moieties and is inhibited by heparin. We show that laminins are differentially expressed in various tumour entities, including glioblastoma. We confirm the expression pattern of laminin γ1 in glioblastoma biopsies by immunohistochemistry. We also provide evidence of a direct correlation between LAMC1 expression levels and H-1PV oncolytic activity in 59 cancer cell lines and in 3D organotypic spheroid cultures with different sensitivities to H-1PV infection. These results support the idea that tumours with elevated levels of γ1 containing laminins are more susceptible to H-1PV-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kulkarni
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Tiago Ferreira
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clemens Bretscher
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annabel Grewenig
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nazim El-Andaloussi
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Lonza Cologne GmbH, Köln, Germany
| | - Serena Bonifati
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tiina Marttila
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Valérie Palissot
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Jubayer A Hossain
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Francisco Azuaje
- Quantitative Biology Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Genomics England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hrvoje Miletic
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars A R Ystaas
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna Golebiewska
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Simone P Niclou
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Ralf Roeth
- nCounter Core Facility, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate Niesler
- nCounter Core Facility, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amélie Weiss
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
| | - Laurent Brino
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
| | - Antonio Marchini
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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Senekal NS, Mahasa KJ, Eladdadi A, de Pillis L, Ouifki R. Natural Killer Cells Recruitment in Oncolytic Virotherapy: A Mathematical Model. Bull Math Biol 2021; 83:75. [PMID: 34008149 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-021-00903-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate how natural killer (NK) cell recruitment to the tumor microenvironment (TME) affects oncolytic virotherapy. NK cells play a major role against viral infections. They are, however, known to induce early viral clearance of oncolytic viruses, which hinders the overall efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy. Here, we formulate and analyze a simple mathematical model of the dynamics of the tumor, OV and NK cells using currently available preclinical information. The aim of this study is to characterize conditions under which the synergistic balance between OV-induced NK responses and required viral cytopathicity may or may not result in a successful treatment. In this study, we found that NK cell recruitment to the TME must take place neither too early nor too late in the course of OV infection so that treatment will be successful. NK cell responses are most influential at either early (partly because of rapid response of NK cells to viral infections or antigens) or later (partly because of antitumoral ability of NK cells) stages of oncolytic virotherapy. The model also predicts that: (a) an NK cell response augments oncolytic virotherapy only if viral cytopathicity is weak; (b) the recruitment of NK cells modulates tumor growth; and (c) the depletion of activated NK cells within the TME enhances the probability of tumor escape in oncolytic virotherapy. Taken together, our model results demonstrate that OV infection is crucial, not just to cytoreduce tumor burden, but also to induce the stronger NK cell response necessary to achieve complete or at least partial tumor remission. Furthermore, our modeling framework supports combination therapies involving NK cells and OV which are currently used in oncolytic immunovirotherapy to treat several cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noma Susan Senekal
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, National University of Lesotho, Roma, Maseru, Lesotho.
| | - Khaphetsi Joseph Mahasa
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, National University of Lesotho, Roma, Maseru, Lesotho
| | | | | | - Rachid Ouifki
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Arora R, Malla WA, Tyagi A, Mahajan S, Sajjanar B, Tiwari AK. Canine Parvovirus and Its Non-Structural Gene 1 as Oncolytic Agents: Mechanism of Action and Induction of Anti-Tumor Immune Response. Front Oncol 2021; 11:648873. [PMID: 34012915 PMCID: PMC8127782 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.648873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The exploration into the strategies for the prevention and treatment of cancer is far from complete. Apart from humans, cancer has gained considerable importance in animals because of increased awareness towards animal health and welfare. Current cancer treatment regimens are less specific towards tumor cells and end up harming normal healthy cells. Thus, a highly specific therapeutic strategy with minimal side effects is the need of the hour. Oncolytic viral gene therapy is one such specific approach to target cancer cells without affecting the normal cells of the body. Canine parvovirus (CPV) is an oncolytic virus that specifically targets and kills cancer cells by causing DNA damage, caspase activation, and mitochondrial damage. Non-structural gene 1 (NS1) of CPV, involved in viral DNA replication is a key mediator of cytotoxicity of CPV and can selectively cause tumor cell lysis. In this review, we discuss the oncolytic properties of Canine Parvovirus (CPV or CPV2), the structure of the NS1 protein, the mechanism of oncolytic action as well as role in inducing an antitumor immune response in different tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Arora
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Waseem Akram Malla
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Arpit Tyagi
- GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Sonalika Mahajan
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Basavaraj Sajjanar
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Tiwari
- Division of Biological Standardisation, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India.,ICAR - Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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Combination Therapy of Novel Oncolytic Adenovirus with Anti-PD1 Resulted in Enhanced Anti-Cancer Effect in Syngeneic Immunocompetent Melanoma Mouse Model. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040547. [PMID: 33919827 PMCID: PMC8070801 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma, an aggressive form of skin cancer, has a low five-year survival rate in patients with advanced disease. Immunotherapy represents a promising approach to improve survival rates among patients at advanced stage. Herein, the aim of the study was to design and produce, by using engineering tools, a novel oncolytic adenovirus AdV-D24- inducible co-stimulator ligand (ICOSL)-CD40L expressing potent co-stimulatory molecules enhancing clinical efficacy through the modulation of anti-cancer immune responses. Firstly, we demonstrated the vector's identity and genetic stability by restriction enzyme assay and sequencing, then, by performing in vitro and in vivo pre-clinical studies we explored the anti-cancer efficacy of the virus alone or in combination with anti PD-1 inhibitor in human melanoma cell lines, i.e., MUG Mel-1 and MUG Mel-2, and in immunocompetent C57BL/6 melanoma B16V mouse model. We showed that both monotherapy and combination approaches exhibit enhanced anti-cancer ability and immunogenic cell death in in vitro settings. Furthermore, AdV-D24-ICOSL-CD40L combined with anti PD-1 revealed a fall in tumor volume and 100% survival in in vivo context, thus suggesting enhanced efficacy and survival via complementary anti-cancer properties of those agents in melanoma therapy. Collectively, the novel oncolytic vector AdV-D24-ICOSL-CD40L alone or in combination with anticancer drugs, such as check point inhibitors, may open novel therapeutic perspectives for the treatment of melanoma.
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Advantages of targeting the tumor immune microenvironment over blocking immune checkpoint in cancer immunotherapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:72. [PMID: 33608497 PMCID: PMC7896069 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite great success in cancer immunotherapy, immune checkpoint-targeting drugs are not the most popular weapon in the armory of cancer therapy. Accumulating evidence suggests that the tumor immune microenvironment plays a critical role in anti-cancer immunity, which may result in immune checkpoint blockade therapy being ineffective, in addition to other novel immunotherapies in cancer patients. In the present review, we discuss the deficiencies of current cancer immunotherapies. More importantly, we highlight the critical role of tumor immune microenvironment regulators in tumor immune surveillance, immunological evasion, and the potential for their further translation into clinical practice. Based on their general targetability in clinical therapy, we believe that tumor immune microenvironment regulators are promising cancer immunotherapeutic targets. Targeting the tumor immune microenvironment, alone or in combination with immune checkpoint-targeting drugs, might benefit cancer patients in the future.
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Angelova A, Ferreira T, Bretscher C, Rommelaere J, Marchini A. Parvovirus-Based Combinatorial Immunotherapy: A Reinforced Therapeutic Strategy against Poor-Prognosis Solid Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:342. [PMID: 33477757 PMCID: PMC7832409 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to anticancer treatments poses continuing challenges to oncology researchers and clinicians. The underlying mechanisms are complex and multifactorial. However, the immunologically "cold" tumor microenvironment (TME) has recently emerged as one of the critical players in cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. Therefore, TME modulation through induction of an immunological switch towards inflammation ("warming up") is among the leading approaches in modern oncology. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are seen today not merely as tumor cell-killing (oncolytic) agents, but also as cancer therapeutics with multimodal antitumor action. Due to their intrinsic or engineered capacity for overcoming immune escape mechanisms, warming up the TME and promoting antitumor immune responses, OVs hold the potential for creating a proinflammatory background, which may in turn facilitate the action of other (immunomodulating) drugs. The latter provides the basis for the development of OV-based immunostimulatory anticancer combinations. This review deals with the smallest among all OVs, the H-1 parvovirus (H-1PV), and focuses on H-1PV-based combinatorial approaches, whose efficiency has been proven in preclinical and/or clinical settings. Special focus is given to cancer types with the most devastating impact on life expectancy that urgently call for novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assia Angelova
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Research Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer, Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Tiago Ferreira
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Laboratory of Oncolytic-Virus-Immunotherapeutics (LOVIT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.F.); (C.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Clemens Bretscher
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Laboratory of Oncolytic-Virus-Immunotherapeutics (LOVIT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.F.); (C.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Jean Rommelaere
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Research Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer, Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Antonio Marchini
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Laboratory of Oncolytic-Virus-Immunotherapeutics (LOVIT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.F.); (C.B.); (A.M.)
- Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Laboratory of Oncolytic-Virus-Immunotherapeutics (LOVIT), 84 rue Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Middelburg J, Kemper K, Engelberts P, Labrijn AF, Schuurman J, van Hall T. Overcoming Challenges for CD3-Bispecific Antibody Therapy in Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:287. [PMID: 33466732 PMCID: PMC7829968 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy of cancer with CD3-bispecific antibodies is an approved therapeutic option for some hematological malignancies and is under clinical investigation for solid cancers. However, the treatment of solid tumors faces more pronounced hurdles, such as increased on-target off-tumor toxicities, sparse T-cell infiltration and impaired T-cell quality due to the presence of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, which affect the safety and limit efficacy of CD3-bispecific antibody therapy. In this review, we provide a brief status update of the CD3-bispecific antibody therapy field and identify intrinsic hurdles in solid cancers. Furthermore, we describe potential combinatorial approaches to overcome these challenges in order to generate selective and more effective responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Middelburg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Kristel Kemper
- Genmab, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.K.); (P.E.); (A.F.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Patrick Engelberts
- Genmab, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.K.); (P.E.); (A.F.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Aran F. Labrijn
- Genmab, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.K.); (P.E.); (A.F.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Janine Schuurman
- Genmab, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.K.); (P.E.); (A.F.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
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Mason NJ. Comparative Immunology and Immunotherapy of Canine Osteosarcoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1258:199-221. [PMID: 32767244 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43085-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 800 people are diagnosed with osteosarcoma (OSA) per year in the USA. Although 70% of patients with localized OSA are cured with multiagent chemotherapy and surgical resection, the prognosis for patients with metastatic or relapsed disease is guarded. The small number of patients diagnosed annually contributes to an incomplete understanding of disease pathogenesis, and challenges in performing appropriately powered clinical trials and detecting correlative biomarkers of response. While mouse models of OSA are becoming increasingly sophisticated, they generally fail to accurately recapitulate tumor heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment (TME), systemic immune dysfunction, and the clinical features of tumor recurrence, metastases, and chemoresistance, which influence outcome. Pet dogs spontaneously develop OSA with an incidence that is 30-50 times higher than humans. Canine OSA parallels the human disease in its clinical presentation, biological behavior, genetic complexity, and therapeutic management. However, despite therapy, most dogs die from metastatic disease within 1 year of diagnosis. Since OSA occurs in immune-competent dogs, immune factors that sculpt tumor immunogenicity and influence responses to immune modulation are in effect. In both species, immune modulation has shown beneficial effects on patient outcome and work is now underway to identify the most effective immunotherapies, combination of immunotherapies, and correlative biomarkers that will further improve clinical response. In this chapter, the immune landscape of canine OSA and the immunotherapeutic strategies used to modulate antitumor immunity in dogs with the disease will be reviewed. From this immunological viewpoint, the value of employing dogs with spontaneous OSA to accelerate and inform the translation of immunotherapies into the human clinic will be underscored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Mason
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Abstract
Tumors represent a hostile environment for the effector cells of cancer immunosurveillance. Immunosuppressive receptors and soluble or membrane-bound ligands are abundantly exposed and released by malignant entities and their stromal accomplices. As a consequence, executioners of antitumor immunity inefficiently navigate across cancer tissues and fail to eliminate malignant targets. By inducing immunogenic cancer cell death, oncolytic viruses profoundly reshape the tumor microenvironment. They trigger the local spread of danger signals and tumor-associated (as well as viral) antigens, thus attracting antigen-presenting cells, promoting the activation and expansion of lymphocytic populations, facilitating their infiltration in the tumor bed, and reinvigorating cytotoxic immune activity. The present review recapitulates key chemokines, growth factors and other cytokines that orchestrate this ballet of antitumoral leukocytes upon oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Pol
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Villejuif, France.
| | - Samuel T Workenhe
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Prathyusha Konda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Shashi Gujar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Villejuif, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France; Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China; Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Forlani G, Shallak M, Celesti F, Accolla RS. Unveiling the Hidden Treasury: CIITA-Driven MHC Class II Expression in Tumor Cells to Dig up the Relevant Repertoire of Tumor Antigens for Optimal Stimulation of Tumor Specific CD4+ T Helper Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113181. [PMID: 33138029 PMCID: PMC7693840 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent enthusiasm generated by novel immunotherapeutic approaches against cancer based on immune checkpoint inhibitors, it becomes increasingly clear that single immune-based strategies are not sufficient to defeat the various forms and types of tumors. Within this frame, novel vaccination strategies that are based on optimal stimulation of the key cell governing adaptive immunity, the CD4+ T helper cell, will certainly help in constructing more efficient treatments. In this review, we will focus on this aspect, mainly describing our past and recent contributions that, starting with a rather unorthodox approach, have ended up with the proposition of a new idea for making available an unprecedented extended repertoire of tumor antigens, both in quantitative and qualitative terms, to tumor-specific CD4+ T helper cells. Our approach is based on rendering the very same tumor cells antigen presenting cells for their own tumor antigens by gene transfer of CIITA, the major transcriptional coordinator of MHC class II expression discovered in our laboratory. CIITA-driven MHC class II-expressing tumor cells optimally stimulate in vivo tumor specific MHC class II-restricted CD4 T cells generating specific and long lasting protective immunity against the tumor. We will discuss the mechanism underlying protection and elaborate not only on the applicability of this approach for novel vaccination strategies amenable to clinical setting, but also on the consequence of our discoveries on sedimented immunological dogmas that are related to antigen presentation.
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Ferreira T, Kulkarni A, Bretscher C, Richter K, Ehrlich M, Marchini A. Oncolytic H-1 Parvovirus Enters Cancer Cells through Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis. Viruses 2020; 12:v12101199. [PMID: 33096814 PMCID: PMC7594094 DOI: 10.3390/v12101199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
H-1 protoparvovirus (H-1PV) is a self-propagating virus that is non-pathogenic in humans and has oncolytic and oncosuppressive activities. H-1PV is the first member of the Parvoviridae family to undergo clinical testing as an anticancer agent. Results from clinical trials in patients with glioblastoma or pancreatic carcinoma show that virus treatment is safe, well-tolerated and associated with first signs of efficacy. Characterisation of the H-1PV life cycle may help to improve its efficacy and clinical outcome. In this study, we investigated the entry route of H-1PV in cervical carcinoma HeLa and glioma NCH125 cell lines. Using electron and confocal microscopy, we detected H-1PV particles within clathrin-coated pits and vesicles, providing evidence that the virus uses clathrin-mediated endocytosis for cell entry. In agreement with these results, we found that blocking clathrin-mediated endocytosis using specific inhibitors or small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of its key regulator, AP2M1, markedly reduced H-1PV entry. By contrast, we found no evidence of viral entry through caveolae-mediated endocytosis. We also show that H-1PV entry is dependent on dynamin, while viral trafficking occurs from early to late endosomes, with acidic pH necessary for a productive infection. This is the first study that characterises the cell entry pathways of oncolytic H-1PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Ferreira
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.F.); (C.B.)
| | - Amit Kulkarni
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
| | - Clemens Bretscher
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.F.); (C.B.)
| | - Karsten Richter
- Core Facility Electron Microscopy, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Marcelo Ehrlich
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Membrane Biology, The Shumins School for Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel;
| | - Antonio Marchini
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.F.); (C.B.)
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +49-6221-424969 or +352-26-970-856
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Kuryk L, Bertinato L, Staniszewska M, Pancer K, Wieczorek M, Salmaso S, Caliceti P, Garofalo M. From Conventional Therapies to Immunotherapy: Melanoma Treatment in Review. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12103057. [PMID: 33092131 PMCID: PMC7589099 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Here, we review the current state of knowledge in the field of cancer immunotherapy, focusing on the scientific rationale for the use of oncolytic viruses, checkpoint inhibitors and their combination to combat melanomas. Attention is also given to the immunological aspects of cancer therapy and the shift from conventional therapy towards immunotherapy. This review brings together information on how immunotherapy can be applied to support other cancer therapies in order to maximize the efficacy of melanoma treatment and improve clinical outcomes. Abstract In this review, we discuss the use of oncolytic viruses and checkpoint inhibitors in cancer immunotherapy in melanoma, with a particular focus on combinatory therapies. Oncolytic viruses are promising and novel anti-cancer agents, currently under investigation in many clinical trials both as monotherapy and in combination with other therapeutics. They have shown the ability to exhibit synergistic anticancer activity with checkpoint inhibitors, chemotherapy, radiotherapy. A coupling between oncolytic viruses and checkpoint inhibitors is a well-accepted strategy for future cancer therapies. However, eradicating advanced cancers and tailoring the immune response for complete tumor clearance is an ongoing problem. Despite current advances in cancer research, monotherapy has shown limited efficacy against solid tumors. Therefore, current improvements in virus targeting, genetic modification, enhanced immunogenicity, improved oncolytic properties and combination strategies have a potential to widen the applications of immuno-oncology (IO) in cancer treatment. Here, we summarize the strategy of combinatory therapy with an oncolytic vector to combat melanoma and highlight the need to optimize current practices and improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Kuryk
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland; (K.P.); (M.W.)
- Clinical Science, Targovax Oy, Saukonpaadenranta 2, 00180 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Laura Bertinato
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.B.); (S.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Monika Staniszewska
- Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland;
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pancer
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland; (K.P.); (M.W.)
| | - Magdalena Wieczorek
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland; (K.P.); (M.W.)
| | - Stefano Salmaso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.B.); (S.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Paolo Caliceti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.B.); (S.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Mariangela Garofalo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.B.); (S.S.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (M.G.)
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Pearson JRD, Cuzzubbo S, McArthur S, Durrant LG, Adhikaree J, Tinsley CJ, Pockley AG, McArdle SEB. Immune Escape in Glioblastoma Multiforme and the Adaptation of Immunotherapies for Treatment. Front Immunol 2020; 11:582106. [PMID: 33178210 PMCID: PMC7594513 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.582106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequently occurring primary brain tumor and has a very poor prognosis, with only around 5% of patients surviving for a period of 5 years or more after diagnosis. Despite aggressive multimodal therapy, consisting mostly of a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and temozolomide chemotherapy, tumors nearly always recur close to the site of resection. For the past 15 years, very little progress has been made with regards to improving patient survival. Although immunotherapy represents an attractive therapy modality due to the promising pre-clinical results observed, many of these potential immunotherapeutic approaches fail during clinical trials, and to date no immunotherapeutic treatments for GBM have been approved. As for many other difficult to treat cancers, GBM combines a lack of immunogenicity with few mutations and a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Unfortunately, both tumor and immune cells have been shown to contribute towards this immunosuppressive phenotype. In addition, current therapeutics also exacerbate this immunosuppression which might explain the failure of immunotherapy-based clinical trials in the GBM setting. Understanding how these mechanisms interact with one another, as well as how one can increase the anti-tumor immune response by addressing local immunosuppression will lead to better clinical results for immune-based therapeutics. Improving therapeutic delivery across the blood brain barrier also presents a challenge for immunotherapy and future therapies will need to consider this. This review highlights the immunosuppressive mechanisms employed by GBM cancers and examines potential immunotherapeutic treatments that can overcome these significant immunosuppressive hurdles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R. D. Pearson
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stefania Cuzzubbo
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM U970, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Recherches Biochirurgicales (Fondation Carpentier), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Simon McArthur
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts & the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lindy G. Durrant
- Scancell Ltd, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Adhikaree
- Academic Oncology, Nottingham University NHS Trusts, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chris J. Tinsley
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - A. Graham Pockley
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie E. B. McArdle
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Hamada M, Yura Y. Efficient Delivery and Replication of Oncolytic Virus for Successful Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7073. [PMID: 32992948 PMCID: PMC7582277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer has been treated by a combination of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. In recent years, the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has made immunotherapy a new treatment method. Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy selectively infects tumor cells with a low-pathogenic virus, lyses tumor cells by the cytopathic effects of the virus, and induces anti-tumor immunity to destroy tumors by the action of immune cells. In OV therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), viruses, such as herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), vaccinia virus, adenovirus, reovirus, measles virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), are mainly used. As the combined use of mutant HSV-1 and ICI was successful for the treatment of melanoma, studies are underway to combine OV therapy with radiation, chemotherapy, and other types of immunotherapy. In such therapy, it is important for the virus to selectively replicate in tumor cells, and to express the viral gene and the introduced foreign gene in the tumor cells. In OV therapy for HNSCC, it may be useful to combine systemic and local treatments that improve the delivery and replication of the inoculated oncolytic virus in the tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Hamada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
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Hu PY, Fan XM, Zhang YN, Wang SB, Wan WJ, Pan HY, Mou XZ. The limiting factors of oncolytic virus immunotherapy and the approaches to overcome them. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8231-8242. [PMID: 32816087 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10802-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic virus (OV) immunotherapy is characterized by viruses which specifically target cancer cells and cause their cytolysis. They provide a unique and promising new tool for the eradication of cancer as they interact with and affect the tumor microenvironment (TME), vasculature, and immune system. Advancements of genetic engineering have allowed for these viruses to be armed in such a way to have enhanced targeting, strong immunomodulation properties, and an ability to modify the TME. However, there are still major limitations in their use, mostly due to difficulties in delivering the viral particles to the tumors and in ensuring that the immunomodulatory properties are able to stimulate the host immune response to mount a complete response. Using novel delivery systems and using OVs as a complementary therapy in a combinatorial treatment have shown some significant successes. In this review, we discuss the major issues and difficulties in using OVs as anti-tumor agents and some of the strategies put in place so far to overcome these limitations. KEY POINTS: • Oncolytic viruses (OVs) infect cancer cells and cause their cytolysis. • The major limitations in using OVs as anti-tumor therapy were discussed. • The potential strategies to overcome these limitations were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yang Hu
- Department of Traumatology, Tiantai People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang People's Hospital), Taizhou, 317200, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Fan
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - You-Ni Zhang
- Department of Traumatology, Tiantai People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang People's Hospital), Taizhou, 317200, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, China.,Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Shi-Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, China.,Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Wei-Jie Wan
- Shandong Xiandai University, Jinan, 250104, China
| | - Hong-Ying Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, China.
| | - Xiao-Zhou Mou
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, China. .,Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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