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Zhang Y, Shen C, Zhu X, Leow CY, Ji M, Xu Z. Helminth-derived molecules: pathogenic and pharmacopeial roles. J Biomed Res 2024; 38:1-22. [PMID: 39314046 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.38.20240177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Parasitic helminths, taxonomically comprising trematodes, cestodes, and nematodes, are multicellular invertebrates widely disseminated in nature and have afflicted people continuously for a long time. Helminths play potent roles in the host through generating a variety of novel molecules, including some excretory/secretory products and others that are involved in intracellular material exchange and information transfer as well as the initiation or stimulation of immune and metabolic activation. The helminth-derived molecules have developed powerful and diverse immunosuppressive effects to achieve immune evasion for parasite survival and establish chronic infections. However, they also improve autoimmune and allergic inflammatory responses and promote metabolic homeostasis by promoting metabolic reprogramming of various immune functions, and then inducing alternatively activated macrophages, T helper 2 cells, and regulatory T cells-mediated immune responses. Therefore, a deeper exploration of the immunopathogenic mechanism and immune regulatory mechanisms of helminth-derived molecules exerted in the host is crucial for understanding host-helminth interactions as well as the development of therapeutic drugs for infectious or non-infectious diseases. In this review, we focus on the properties of helminth-derived molecules to give an overview of the most recent scientific knowledge about their pathogenic and pharmacopeial roles in immune-metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Department of Pathogen Biology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Chunxiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Department of Pathogen Biology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xinyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Department of Pathogen Biology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Chiuan Yee Leow
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Minjun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Department of Pathogen Biology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Department of Pathogen Biology, National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
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Pinheiro AAS, Torrecilhas AC, Souza BSDF, Cruz FF, Guedes HLDM, Ramos TD, Lopes‐Pacheco M, Caruso‐Neves C, Rocco PRM. Potential of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy for parasitic diseases. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12496. [PMID: 39113589 PMCID: PMC11306921 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases have a significant impact on human and animal health, representing a major hazard to the public and causing economic and health damage worldwide. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have long been recognized as diagnostic and therapeutic tools but are now also known to be implicated in the natural history of parasitic diseases and host immune response modulation. Studies have shown that EVs play a role in parasitic disease development by interacting with parasites and communicating with other types of cells. This review highlights the most recent research on EVs and their role in several aspects of parasite-host interactions in five key parasitic diseases: Chagas disease, malaria, toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis and helminthiases. We also discuss the potential use of EVs as diagnostic tools or treatment options for these infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Acacia Sá Pinheiro
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas FilhoUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)Rio de JaneiroBrazil
- Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health‐NanoSAÚDE/Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Ana Claudia Torrecilhas
- Departamento de Ciências FarmacêuticasDiadema Campus, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e FarmacêuticasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)DiademaSão PauloBrazil
| | - Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell TherapySão Rafael HospitalSalvadorBrazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR)SalvadorBrazil
| | - Fernanda Ferreira Cruz
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas FilhoUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)Rio de JaneiroBrazil
- Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health‐NanoSAÚDE/Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Herbert Leonel de Matos Guedes
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goés (IMPG)Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)Rio de JaneiroBrazil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC)Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Tadeu Diniz Ramos
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goés (IMPG)Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)Rio de JaneiroBrazil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC)Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Miqueias Lopes‐Pacheco
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas FilhoUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)Rio de JaneiroBrazil
- Deparment of PediatricsCenter for Cystic Fibrosis and Airway Disease ResearchEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Celso Caruso‐Neves
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas FilhoUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)Rio de JaneiroBrazil
- Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health‐NanoSAÚDE/Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)Rio de JaneiroBrazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative MedicineINCT‐REGENERARio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Patricia R. M. Rocco
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas FilhoUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)Rio de JaneiroBrazil
- Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health‐NanoSAÚDE/Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)Rio de JaneiroBrazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative MedicineINCT‐REGENERARio de JaneiroBrazil
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Chen Y, Hu Y, Zhou H, Jiang N, Wang Y, Zhang J, Shen Y, Yu G, Cao J. Induction of hepatic fibrosis in mice with schistosomiasis by extracellular microRNA-30 derived from Schistosoma japonicum eggs. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1425384. [PMID: 39139565 PMCID: PMC11319242 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1425384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosomiasis is a zoonotic parasitic disorder induced by the infestation of schistosomes, a genus of trematodes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in egg-derived exosomes are crucial for modulating the host's immune responses and orchestrating the pathophysiological mechanisms. Although the exosomes secreted by S. japonicum contain abundant miRNAs, the specific roles of these miRNAs in the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis-induced hepatic fibrosis are yet to be comprehensively elucidated. The egg exosomes of S. japonicum secrete miRNA-30, a novel miRNA. Methods In vitro, the effect of miRNA-30 was evaluated by transfecting HSCs with miRNA mimics. The target gene biosignature for miRNA-30 was predicted using the miRDB software. The effect of miRNA-30 in hepatic fibrosis was evaluated by either elevating its expression in healthy mice or by inhibiting its activity in infected mice by administration of recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype eight vectors expressing miRNA-30 or miRNA sponges. Results This novel miRNA can activate hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the prinary effector cells of hepatic fibrosis, in vitro, i.e., it significantly increases the fibrogenic factors Col1(α1), Col3(α1), and α-SMA at both mRNA and protein levels. In addition, miRNA-30 may activate HSCs by targeting the host RORA gene. In addition, in vivo experiments were conducted by administering a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector to modulate the expression levels of miRNA-30. The overexpression of miRNA-30 in healthy mice significantly elevated the expression of Col1(α1), Col3(α1), and α-SMA at both the transcriptomic and proteomic scales. This overexpression was coupled with a pronounced augmentation in the hepatic hydroxyproline content. Conversely, the in vivo silencing of miRNA-30 in infected mice induced a considerable reduction in the size of hepatic granulomas and areas of collagen deposition. Hence, in vivo, modulation of miRNA-30 expression may play a pivotal role in ameliorating the severity of hepatic fibrosis in mice afflicted with S. japonica. Conclusions The study results suggest that miRNA-30 may augment schistosomiasis-induced hepatic fibrosis through a probable interaction with the host RORA. Our study may improve the current theoretical framework regarding cross-species regulation by miRNAs of hepatic fibrosis in schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Shanghai, China
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Shanghai, China
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Shanghai, China
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Shanghai, China
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiluo Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Shanghai, China
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Shanghai, China
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujuan Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Shanghai, China
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, College of Life Science, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Shanghai, China
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- The School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhang X, Yu C, Song L. Progress on the Regulation of the Host Immune Response by Parasite-Derived Exosomes. Pathogens 2024; 13:623. [PMID: 39204224 PMCID: PMC11357678 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13080623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are membrane-bound structures released by cells into the external environment that carry a significant amount of important cargo, such as proteins, DNA, RNA, and lipids. They play a crucial role in intercellular communication. Parasites have complex life cycles and can release exosomes at different stages. Exosomes released by parasitic pathogens or infected cells contain parasitic nucleic acids, antigenic molecules, virulence factors, drug-resistant proteins, proteases, lipids, etc. These components can regulate host gene expression across species or modulate signaling pathways, thereby dampening or activating host immune responses, causing pathological damage, and participating in disease progression. This review focuses on the means by which parasitic exosomes modulate host immune responses, elaborates on the pathogenic mechanisms of parasites, clarifies the interactions between parasites and hosts, and provides a theoretical basis and research directions for the prevention and treatment of parasitic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chuanxin Yu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, China;
| | - Lijun Song
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, China;
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Zhang L, Chi J, Wu H, Xia X, Xu C, Hao H, Liu Z. Extracellular vesicles and endothelial dysfunction in infectious diseases. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e148. [PMID: 38938849 PMCID: PMC11080793 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally. Studies have shown that infections especially bacteraemia and sepsis are associated with increased risks for endothelial dysfunction and related CVDs including atherosclerosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, sealed membrane-derived structures that are released into body fluids and blood from cells and/or microbes and are critically involved in a variety of important cell functions and disease development, including intercellular communications, immune responses and inflammation. It is known that EVs-mediated mechanism(s) is important in the development of endothelial dysfunction in infections with a diverse spectrum of microorganisms including Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, SARS-CoV-2 (the virus for COVID-19) and Helicobacter pylori. H. pylori infection is one of the most common infections globally. During H. pylori infection, EVs can carry H. pylori components, such as lipopolysaccharide, cytotoxin-associated gene A, or vacuolating cytotoxin A, and transfer these substances into endothelial cells, triggering inflammatory responses and endothelial dysfunction. This review is to illustrate the important role of EVs in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, and the development of endothelial dysfunction in infectious diseases especially H. pylori infection, and to discuss the potential mechanisms and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfang Zhang
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Missouri School of MedicineColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Jingshu Chi
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Missouri School of MedicineColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Department of Gastroenterologythe Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Hao Wu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Missouri School of MedicineColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Xiujuan Xia
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Missouri School of MedicineColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Canxia Xu
- Department of Gastroenterologythe Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Hong Hao
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Missouri School of MedicineColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Missouri School of MedicineColumbiaMissouriUSA
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Zhong H, Dong B, Zhu D, Fu Z, Liu J, Jin Y. Sja-let-7 suppresses the development of liver fibrosis via Schistosoma japonicum extracellular vesicles. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012153. [PMID: 38598555 PMCID: PMC11034668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a fatal zoonotic parasitic disease that also threatens human health. The main pathological features of schistosomiasis are granulomatous inflammation and subsequent liver fibrosis, which is a complex, chronic, and progressive disease. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from schistosome eggs are broadly involved in host-parasite communication and act as important contributors to schistosome-induced liver fibrosis. However, it remains unclear whether substances secreted by the EVs of Schistosoma japonicum, a long-term parasitic "partner" in the hepatic portal vein of the host, also participate in liver fibrosis. Here, we report that EVs derived from S. japonicum worms attenuated liver fibrosis by delivering sja-let-7 into hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Mechanistically, activation of HSCs was reduced by targeting collagen type I alpha 2 chain (Col1α2) and downregulation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway both in vivo and in vitro. Overall, these results contribute to further understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying host-parasite interactions and identified the sja-let-7/Col1α2/TGF-β/Smad axis as a potential target for treatment of schistosomiasis-related liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhong
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bowen Dong
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Danlin Zhu
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Fu
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jinming Liu
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yamei Jin
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Sivapornnukul P, Khamwut A, Chanchaem P, Chusongsang P, Chusongsang Y, Poodeepiyasawat P, Limpanont Y, Reamtong O, Payungporn S. Comprehensive analysis of miRNA profiling in Schistosoma mekongi across life cycle stages. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2347. [PMID: 38281987 PMCID: PMC10822868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52835-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Schistosoma mekongi, a significant schistosome parasite, has various life stages, including egg, cercaria, female, and male, that play crucial roles in the complex life cycle. This study aimed to explore the microRNA (miRNA) profiles across these developmental stages to understand their potential functions and evolutionary significance, which have not been studied. Pre-processed sequencing reads of small RNA (sRNA) were obtained, and annotations were performed against the S. japonicum reference miRNA database. Results indicated marked variations in miRNA profiles across different life stages, with notable similarities observed between female and male S. mekongi. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) and unsupervised clustering revealed distinct miRNA signatures for each stage. Gene ontology (GO) analysis unveiled the potential roles of these miRNAs in various biological processes. The differential expression of specific miRNAs was prominent across stages, suggesting their involvement in crucial developmental processes. Furthermore, orthologous miRNA analysis against various worm species revealed distinct presence-absence patterns, providing insights into the evolutionary relationships of these miRNAs. In conclusion, this comprehensive investigation into the miRNA profiles of S. mekongi offers valuable insights into the functional and evolutionary aspects of miRNAs in schistosome biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavaret Sivapornnukul
- Center of Excellence in Systems Microbiology (CESM), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Ariya Khamwut
- Center of Excellence in Systems Microbiology (CESM), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Prangwalai Chanchaem
- Center of Excellence in Systems Microbiology (CESM), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Phiraphol Chusongsang
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Yupa Chusongsang
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Paporn Poodeepiyasawat
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Yanin Limpanont
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Sunchai Payungporn
- Center of Excellence in Systems Microbiology (CESM), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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He K, Yang T, Yu J, Zang X, Jiang S, Xu S, Liu J, Xu Z, Wang W, Hong S. Dermatophagoides farinae microRNAs released to external environments via exosomes regulate inflammation-related gene expression in human bronchial epithelial cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1303265. [PMID: 38106417 PMCID: PMC10722260 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1303265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dermatophagoides farinae (DFA) is an important species of house dust mites (HDMs) that causes allergic diseases. Previous studies have focused on allergens with protein components to explain the allergic effect of HDMs; however, there is little knowledge on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the allergic effect of HDMs. This study aimed to unravel the new mechanism of dust mite sensitization from the perspective of cross-species transport of extracellular vesicles-encapsulated miRNAs from HDMs. Methods Small RNA (sRNA) sequencing was performed to detect miRNAs expression profiles from DFA, DFA-derived exosomes and DFA culture supernatants. A quantitative fluorescent real-time PCR (qPCR) assay was used to detect miRNAs expression in dust specimens. BEAS-2B cells endocytosed exosomes were modeled in vitro to detect miRNAs from DFA and the expression of related inflammatory factors. Representative dfa-miR-276-3p and dfa-novel-miR2 were transfected into BEAS-2B cells, and then differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by RNA sequencing. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) terms enrichment analyses were performed on the first 300 nodes of DEGs. Results sRNA sequencing identified 42 conserved miRNAs and 66 novel miRNAs in DFA, DFA-derived exosomes, and DFA culture supernatants. A homology analysis was performed on the top 18 conserved miRNAs with high expression levels. The presence of dust mites and miRNAs from HDMs in living environment were also validated. Following uptake of DFA-derived exosomes by BEAS-2B cells, exosomes transported miRNAs from DFA to target cells and produced pro-inflammatory effects in corresponding cells. RNA sequencing identified DEGs in dfa-miR-276-3p and dfa-novel-miR2 transfected BEAS-2B cells. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed the role of exosomes with cross-species transporting of DFA miRNAs in inflammatory signaling pathways, such as JAK-STAT signaling pathway, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and IL-6-mediated signaling pathway. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate the miRNAs expression profiles in DFA for the first time. The DFA miRNAs are delivered into living environments via exosomes, and engulfed by human bronchial epithelial cells, and cross-species regulation may contribute to inflammation-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinyan Yu
- Graduate School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Zang
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shangde Jiang
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuyue Xu
- Graduate School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxi Liu
- Graduate School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zuyu Xu
- Graduate School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory on Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasites and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shanchao Hong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Zhong H, Dong B, Zhu D, Li H, Lu K, Fu Z, Liu J, Jin Y. Sja-Let-7 Attenuates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Fibrosis in a Mouse Model via Col1α2. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1465. [PMID: 38132291 PMCID: PMC10740823 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis (LF) is a chronic progressive disease with no definitive treatment. The aim of this study was to assess helminth-derived molecules as potential therapeutic targets to prevent or reverse LF. A mouse model of carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)-induced LF was established and sja-let-7 was overexpressed by treatment with a miRNA agomir once per week. After four weeks, serum biochemistry, hepatic hydroxyproline content measurements, liver histology, mRNA expression profiling of fibrotic markers, the dual-luciferase reporter assay, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed. Administration of the sja-let-7 agomir markedly ameliorated hepatosplenomegaly and reduced the liver hydroxyproline content. Liver histological analysis showed significant reductions in collagen deposition in the sja-let-7 agomir-treated mice. Additionally, the mRNA levels of both pro-fibrotic markers and pro-inflammatory cytokines were diminished after treatment. Furthermore, the dual-luciferase reporter assay and FISH identified the α2 chain of collagen type 1 (Col1α2) as the direct target of sja-let-7. Accordingly, the progression of LF was attenuated by targeting Col1α2 and the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhong
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (H.Z.); (B.D.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (K.L.); (Z.F.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Bowen Dong
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (H.Z.); (B.D.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (K.L.); (Z.F.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Danlin Zhu
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (H.Z.); (B.D.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (K.L.); (Z.F.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hao Li
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (H.Z.); (B.D.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (K.L.); (Z.F.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ke Lu
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (H.Z.); (B.D.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (K.L.); (Z.F.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fu
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (H.Z.); (B.D.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (K.L.); (Z.F.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jinming Liu
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (H.Z.); (B.D.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (K.L.); (Z.F.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yamei Jin
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (H.Z.); (B.D.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (K.L.); (Z.F.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
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Hu S, Jiang X, Yang L, Tang X, Yang G, Hu Y, Wang J, Lu N. A Miniature Biomedical Sensor for Rapid Detection of Schistosoma japonicum Antibodies. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:831. [PMID: 37622917 PMCID: PMC10452731 DOI: 10.3390/bios13080831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, typically characterized by chronic infection in endemic regions, has the potential to affect liver tissue and pose a serious threat to human health. Detecting and screening for this disease early on is crucial for its prevention and control. However, existing methods encounter challenges such as low sensitivity, time-consuming processes, and complex sample handling. To address these challenges, we report a soluble egg antigen (SEA)-based functionalized gridless and meander-type AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) sensor for the highly sensitive detection of antibodies to Schistosoma japonicum. Immobilization of the self-assembled membrane on the gate surface was verified using a semiconductor parameter analyzer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The developed biosensor demonstrates remarkable performance in detecting anti-SEA, exhibiting a linear concentration range of 10 ng/mL to 100 μg/mL and a sensitivity of 0.058 mA/log (ng/mL). It also exhibits similar excellent performance in serum systems. With advantages such as rapid detection, high sensitivity, miniaturization, and label-free operation, this biosensor can fulfill the requirements for blood defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Hu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (S.H.); (X.J.); (L.Y.); (X.T.); (G.Y.)
| | - Xuecheng Jiang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (S.H.); (X.J.); (L.Y.); (X.T.); (G.Y.)
| | - Liang Yang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (S.H.); (X.J.); (L.Y.); (X.T.); (G.Y.)
| | - Xue Tang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (S.H.); (X.J.); (L.Y.); (X.T.); (G.Y.)
| | - Guofeng Yang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (S.H.); (X.J.); (L.Y.); (X.T.); (G.Y.)
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Changsha Semiconductor Technology and Application Innovation Research Institute, College of Semiconductors (College of Integrated Circuits), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China;
| | - Jie Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, China
| | - Naiyan Lu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (S.H.); (X.J.); (L.Y.); (X.T.); (G.Y.)
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Mitra I, Bhattacharya A, Paul J, Anisuzzaman. Present status with impacts and roles of miRNA on Soil Transmitted Helminthiosis control: A review. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2023; 5:100162. [PMID: 37520661 PMCID: PMC10371793 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2023.100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis (STH) is one of the most widespread Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs), and almost 1.5 billion of the global population is affected, mostly in the indigent, countryside sectors of tropics/subtropics. STH, commonly caused by various nematodes, adversely affects the hosts' growth, cognatic development, and immunity. Albendazole is most commonly used against STH (Soil-Transmitted Helminths) but resistance has already been reported in different countries. To date, no effective vaccine is present against STH. miRNAs are a unique class of small non-coding RNA, regulating various biological activities indulging host immune responses in host-pathogen interaction of STH. Dysregulation of miRNAs are being considered as one of the most important aspect of host-parasite interactions. Thus, it is the prime importance to identify and characterize parasite-specific as well as host-derived miRNAs to understand the STH infection at the molecular level. Systematic bibliometric analysis reveals a huge knowledge gap in understanding the disease by using both host and parasitic miRNAs as a potential biomarker. In this study, we addressed the present status of the STH prevalence, and therapy under the light of miRNAs. This would further help in designing new inhibitors and therapeutic strategies to control STH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imon Mitra
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, India
| | - Arijit Bhattacharya
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, India
| | - Joydeep Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, India
| | - Anisuzzaman
- Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
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12
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Liu Y, Zheng Y, Yang Y, Liu K, Wu J, Gao P, Zhang C. Exosomes in liver fibrosis: The role of modulating hepatic stellate cells and immune cells, and prospects for clinical applications. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1133297. [PMID: 37020547 PMCID: PMC10067730 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1133297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a global health problem caused by chronic liver injury resulting from various factors. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) have been found to play a major role in liver fibrosis, and pathological stimuli lead to their transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts. Complex multidirectional interactions between HSCs, immune cells, and cytokines are also critical for the progression of liver fibrosis. Despite the advances in treatments for liver fibrosis, they do not meet the current medical needs. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles of 30-150 nm in diameter and are capable of intercellular transport of molecules such as lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. As an essential mediator of intercellular communication, exosomes are involved in the physiological and pathological processes of many diseases. In liver fibrosis, exosomes are involved in the pathogenesis mainly by regulating the activation of HSCs and the interaction between HSCs and immune cells. Serum-derived exosomes are promising biomarkers of liver fibrosis. Exosomes also have promising therapeutic potential in liver fibrosis. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells and other cells exhibit anti-liver fibrosis effects. Moreover, exosomes may serve as potential therapeutic targets for liver fibrosis and hold promise in becoming drug carriers for liver fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhong Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianying Wu
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiyang Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chuantao Zhang, ; Peiyang Gao,
| | - Chuantao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chuantao Zhang, ; Peiyang Gao,
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13
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Zhong H, Jin Y. Single-sex schistosomiasis: a mini review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1158805. [PMID: 37153566 PMCID: PMC10154636 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1158805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by dioecious blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma and second to malaria as a parasitic disease with significant socio-economic impacts. Mating is essential for maturation of male and female schistosomes and for females to lay of eggs, which are responsible for the pathogenesis and propagation of the life cycle beyond the mammalian host. Single-sex schistosomes, which do not produce viable eggs without mating, have been overlooked given the symptomatic paucity of the single-sex schistosomiasis and limited diagnostic toolkit. Besides, single-sex schistosomes are less sensitive to praziquantel. Therefore, these issues should be considered to achieve the elimination of this infection disease. The aim of this review is to summarize current progress in research of single-sex schistosomes and host-parasite interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhong
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yamei Jin
- National Reference Laboratory for Animal Schistosomiasis, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yamei Jin,
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14
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Liu Z, Zhang L, Liang Y, Lu L. Pathology and molecular mechanisms of Schistosoma japonicum-associated liver fibrosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1035765. [PMID: 36389166 PMCID: PMC9650140 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1035765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis has been widely disseminated around the world, and poses a significant threat to human health. Schistosoma eggs and soluble egg antigen (SEA) mediated inflammatory responses promote the formation of egg granulomas and liver fibrosis. With continuous liver injuries and inflammatory stimulation, liver fibrosis can develop into liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Therefore, anti-fibrotic therapy is crucial to increase the survival rate of patients. However, current research on antifibrotic treatments for schistosomiasis requires further exploration. In the complicated microenvironment of schistosome infections, it is important to understand the mechanism and pathology of schistosomiasis-associated liver fibrosis(SSLF). In this review, we discuss the role of SEA in inhibiting liver fibrosis, describe its mechanism, and comprehensively explore the role of host-derived and schistosome-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) in SSLF. Inflammasomes and cytokines are significant factors in promoting SSLF, and we discuss the mechanisms of some critical inflammatory signals and pro-fibrotic cytokines. Natural killer(NK) cells and Natural killer T(NKT) cells can inhibit SSLF but are rarely described, therefore, we highlight their significance. This summarizes and provides insights into the mechanisms of key molecules involved in SSLF development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Liu
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lichen Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yinming Liang
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Yinming Liang, ; Liaoxun Lu,
| | - Liaoxun Lu
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Yinming Liang, ; Liaoxun Lu,
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Fan X, Zhang W, Zhang K, Zhang J, Long Q, Wu Y, Zhang K, Zhu L, Chen D, Guo R. In-depth investigation of microRNA-mediated cross-kingdom regulation between Asian honey bee and microsporidian. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1003294. [PMID: 36246221 PMCID: PMC9557207 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1003294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asian honey bee Apis cerana is the original host for Nosema ceranae, a unicellular fungal parasite that causes bee nosemosis throughout the world. Currently, interaction between A. cerana and N. ceranae is largely unknown. Our group previously prepared A. c. cerana workers’ midguts at 7 days post inoculation (dpi) and 10 dpi with N. ceranae spores as well as corresponding un-inoculated workers’ midguts, followed by cDNA library construction and a combination of RNAs-seq and small RNA-seq. Meanwhile, we previously prepared clean spores of N. ceranae, which were then subjected to cDNA library construction and deep sequencing. Here, based on the gained high-quality transcriptome datasets, N. ceranae differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmiRNAs) targeted by host DEmiRNAs, and A. c. cerana DEmRNAs targeted by microsporidian DEmiRNAs were deeply investigated, with a focus on targets involved in N. ceranae glycolysis/glyconeogenesis as well as virulence factors, and A. c. cerana energy metabolism and immune response. In A. c. cerana worker’s midguts at 7 (10) dpi (days post inoculation), eight (seven) up-regulated and six (two) down-regulated miRNAs were observed to target 97 (44) down-regulated and 60 (15) up-regulated N. ceranae mRNAs, respectively. Additionally, two up-regulated miRNAs (miR-60-y and miR-676-y) in host midgut at 7 dpi could target genes engaged in N. ceranae spore wall protein and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, indicating potential host miRNA-mediated regulation of microsporidian virulence factor and energy metabolism. Meanwhile, in N. ceranae at 7 (10) dpi, 121 (110) up-regulated and 112 (104) down-regulated miRNAs were found to, respectively, target 343 (247) down-regulated and 138 (110) down-regulated mRNAs in A. c. cerana workers’ midguts. These targets in host were relevant to several crucial cellular and humoral immune pathways, such as phagasome, endocytosis, lysosomes, regulation of autophagy, and Jak–STAT signaling pathway, indicative of the involvement of N. ceranae DEmiRNAs in regulating these cellular and humoral immune pathways. In addition, N. ceranae miR-21-x was up-regulated at 7 dpi and had a target relative to oxidative phosphorylation, suggesting that miR-21-x may be used as a weapon to modulate this pivotal energy metabolism pathway. Furthermore, potential targeting relationships between two pairs of host DEmiRNAs-microsporidian DEmRNAs and two pairs of microsporidian DEmiRNAs-host DEmRNAs were validated using RT-qPCR. Our findings not only lay a foundation for exploring the molecular mechanism underlying cross-kingdom regulation between A. c. cerana workers and N. ceranae, but also offer valuable insights into Asian honey bee-microsporidian interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Fan
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wende Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Kaiyao Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qi Long
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Wu
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Kuihao Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Leran Zhu
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dafu Chen
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Apitherapy Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Rui Guo
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Apitherapy Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Rui Guo,
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