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Nowakowska A, Lee SM, Kim M, Chun J, Kim S, Kim BC, In HJ, Lee E, Lee C, Lee H, Jang Y, Cho H, Kim J, Lee J, Lee HJ, Lee YK, Park JS, Kim YB. Timing of maternal vaccination against COVID-19 for effective protection of neonates: cohort study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1359209. [PMID: 39040104 PMCID: PMC11260787 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1359209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy have been proven, there is still little data explaining neonatal outcomes of maternal pre-pregnancy vaccination. Methods Here, we investigated the impact of vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection on maternal-neonate immune response in a cohort study involving 141 pregnant individuals, and defined the importance of maternal COVID-19 vaccination timing for its effectiveness. Results and discussion Our data indicate that vertically transferred maternal hybrid immunity provides significantly better antiviral protection for a neonate than either maternal post-infection or post-vaccination immunity alone. Higher neutralization potency among mothers immunized before pregnancy and their newborns highlights the promising role of pre-pregnancy vaccination in neonatal protection. A comparison of neutralizing antibody titers calculated for each dyad suggests that infection and pre-/during-pregnancy vaccination all support transplacental transfer, providing the offspring with strong passive immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Analysis of neutralizing antibody levels in maternal sera collected during pregnancy and later during delivery shows that immunization may exert a positive effect on maternal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Nowakowska
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Mi Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmin Chun
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- KR Biotech Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Kim
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, National Institute of Health, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Center for Vaccine Research, Division of Vaccine Development Coordination, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju In
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, National Institute of Health, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Center for Vaccine Research, Division of Vaccine Development Coordination, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeondong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuyeon Jang
- Department of Bio-industrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansam Cho
- KR Biotech Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinha Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeesun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Kyoung Lee
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, National Institute of Health, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Center for Vaccine Research, Division of Vaccine Development Coordination, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Shin Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Bong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- KR Biotech Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Haq MA, Roy AK, Ahmed R, Kuddusi RU, Sinha M, Hossain MS, Vandenent M, Islam MZ, Zaman RU, Kibria MG, Razzaque A, Raqib R, Sarker P. Antibody longevity and waning following COVID-19 vaccination in a 1-year longitudinal cohort in Bangladesh. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11467. [PMID: 38769324 PMCID: PMC11106241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61922-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines have been effective in preventing severe illness, hospitalization and death, however, the effectiveness diminishes with time. Here, we evaluated the longevity of antibodies generated by COIVD-19 vaccines and the risk of (re)infection in Bangladeshi population. Adults receiving two doses of AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Moderna or Sinopharm vaccines were enrolled at 2-4 weeks after second dosing and followed-up at 4-monthly interval for 1 year. Data on COVID-like symptoms, confirmed COVID-19 infection, co-morbidities, and receipt of booster dose were collected; blood was collected for measuring spike (S)- and nucleocapsid (N)-specific antibodies. S-specific antibody titers reduced by ~ 50% at 1st follow-up visit and continued to decline unless re-stimulated by booster vaccine dose or (re)infection. Individuals infected between follow-up visits showed significantly lower S-antibody titers at preceding visits compared to the uninfected individuals. Pre-enrolment infection between primary vaccination dosing exhibited 60% and 50% protection against reinfection at 5 and 9 months, respectively. mRNA vaccines provided highest odds of protection from (re)infection up to 5 months (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.08), however, protection persisted for 9 months in AstraZeneca vaccine recipients (OR = 0.06). In conclusion, vaccine-mediated protection from (re)infection is partially linked to elevated levels of S-specific antibodies. AstraZeneca vaccine provided the longest protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ahsanul Haq
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Anjan Kumar Roy
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Razu Ahmed
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Rakib Ullah Kuddusi
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Monika Sinha
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shamim Hossain
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Md Golam Kibria
- Sheikh Russel Gastroliver Institute and Hospital, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Razzaque
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Rubhana Raqib
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Protim Sarker
- Immunobiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Laboratory, Nutrition Research Division, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
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Qian J, Zhang S, Wang F, Li J, Zhang J. What makes SARS-CoV-2 unique? Focusing on the spike protein. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:404-430. [PMID: 38263600 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) seriously threatens public health and safety. Genetic variants determine the expression of SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins, which are associated with enhanced transmissibility, enhanced virulence, and immune escape. Vaccination is encouraged as a public health intervention, and different types of vaccines are used worldwide. However, new variants continue to emerge, especially the Omicron complex, and the neutralizing antibody responses are diminished significantly. In this review, we outlined the uniqueness of SARS-CoV-2 from three perspectives. First, we described the detailed structure of the spike (S) protein, which is highly susceptible to mutations and contributes to the distinct infection cycle of the virus. Second, we systematically summarized the immunoglobulin G epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 and highlighted the central role of the nonconserved regions of the S protein in adaptive immune escape. Third, we provided an overview of the vaccines targeting the S protein and discussed the impact of the nonconserved regions on vaccine effectiveness. The characterization and identification of the structure and genomic organization of SARS-CoV-2 will help elucidate its mechanisms of viral mutation and infection and provide a basis for the selection of optimal treatments. The leaps in advancements regarding improved diagnosis, targeted vaccines and therapeutic remedies provide sound evidence showing that scientific understanding, research, and technology evolved at the pace of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Qian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shichang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinming Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiexin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Saito H, Yoshimura H, Yoshida M, Tani Y, Kawashima M, Uchiyama T, Zhao T, Yamamoto C, Kobashi Y, Sawano T, Imoto S, Park H, Nakamura N, Iwami S, Kaneko Y, Nakayama A, Kodama T, Wakui M, Kawamura T, Tsubokura M. Antibody Profiling of Microbial Antigens in the Blood of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Recipients Using Microbial Protein Microarrays. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1694. [PMID: 38006026 PMCID: PMC10674746 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although studies have demonstrated that infections with various viruses, bacteria, and parasites can modulate the immune system, no study has investigated changes in antibodies against microbial antigens after the COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. IgG antibodies against microbial antigens in the blood of vaccinees were comprehensively analyzed using microbial protein microarrays that carried approximately 5000 microbe-derived proteins. Changes in antibodies against microbial antigens were scrutinized in healthy participants enrolled in the Fukushima Vaccination Community Survey conducted in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, after their second and third COVID-19 mRNA vaccinations. Antibody profiling of six groups stratified by antibody titer and the remaining neutralizing antibodies was also performed to study the dynamics of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and the changes in antibodies against microbial antigens. The results showed that changes in antibodies against microbial antigens other than SARS-CoV-2 antigens were extremely limited after COVID-19 vaccination. In addition, antibodies against a staphylococcal complement inhibitor have been identified as microbial antigens that are associated with increased levels of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. These antibodies may be a predictor of the maintenance of neutralizing antibodies following the administration of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Saito
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1247, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soma Central Hospital, Soma, Fukushima 976-0016, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yoshimura
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1247, Japan
- School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8511, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshida
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1247, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Yuta Tani
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0074, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Moe Kawashima
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1247, Japan
| | - Taiga Uchiyama
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1247, Japan
| | - Tianchen Zhao
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1247, Japan
| | - Chika Yamamoto
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1247, Japan
| | - Yurie Kobashi
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1247, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Serireikai Group Hirata Central Hospital, Ishikawa County, Fukushima 963-8202, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Sawano
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1247, Japan
| | - Seiya Imoto
- Division of Health Medical Intelligence, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hyeongki Park
- Interdisciplinary Biology Laboratory (iBLab), Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (S.I.)
| | - Naotoshi Nakamura
- Interdisciplinary Biology Laboratory (iBLab), Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (S.I.)
| | - Shingo Iwami
- Interdisciplinary Biology Laboratory (iBLab), Division of Natural Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (S.I.)
| | - Yudai Kaneko
- Medical & Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd., Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0012, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Centre for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Aya Nakayama
- Isotope Science Centre, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Centre for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Wakui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawamura
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Centre for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
- Isotope Science Centre, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Masaharu Tsubokura
- Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1247, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soma Central Hospital, Soma, Fukushima 976-0016, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Serireikai Group Hirata Central Hospital, Ishikawa County, Fukushima 963-8202, Japan
- Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Minamisoma, Fukushima 975-0033, Japan
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