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Chung CH, Chang DC, Rhoads NM, Shay MR, Srinivasan K, Okezue MA, Brunaugh AD, Chandrasekaran S. Transfer learning predicts species-specific drug interactions in emerging pathogens. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.04.597386. [PMID: 38895385 PMCID: PMC11185605 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.04.597386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) algorithms are necessary to efficiently identify potent drug combinations within a large candidate space to combat drug resistance. However, existing ML approaches cannot be applied to emerging and under-studied pathogens with limited training data. To address this, we developed a transfer learning and crowdsourcing framework (TACTIC) to train ML models on data from multiple bacteria. TACTIC was built using 2,965 drug interactions from 12 bacterial strains and outperformed traditional ML models in predicting drug interaction outcomes for species that lack training data. Top TACTIC model features revealed genetic and metabolic factors that influence cross-species and species-specific drug interaction outcomes. Upon analyzing ~600,000 predicted drug interactions across 9 metabolic environments and 18 bacterial strains, we identified a small set of drug interactions that are selectively synergistic against Gram-negative (e.g., A. baumannii) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) pathogens. We experimentally validated synergistic drug combinations containing clarithromycin, ampicillin, and mecillinam against M. abscessus, an emerging pathogen with growing levels of antibiotic resistance. Lastly, we leveraged TACTIC to propose selectively synergistic drug combinations to treat bacterial eye infections (endophthalmitis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina H. Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - David C. Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Nicole M. Rhoads
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Madeline R. Shay
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Karthik Srinivasan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Mercy A. Okezue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ashlee D. Brunaugh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sriram Chandrasekaran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Teng T, Chen S, Huo F, Jia J, Zhao L, Jiang G, Wang F, Chu N, Huang H. Efflux pump effects on levofloxacin resistance in Mycobacterium abscessus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0134823. [PMID: 38572960 PMCID: PMC11064541 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01348-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus) inherently displays resistance to most antibiotics, with the underlying drug resistance mechanisms remaining largely unexplored. Efflux pump is believed to play an important role in mediating drug resistance. The current study examined the potential of efflux pump inhibitors to reverse levofloxacin (LFX) resistance in M. abscessus. The reference strain of M. abscessus (ATCC19977) and 60 clinical isolates, including 41 M. abscessus subsp. abscessus and 19 M. abscessus subsp. massilense, were investigated. The drug sensitivity of M. abscessus against LFX alone or in conjunction with efflux pump inhibitors, including verapamil (VP), reserpine (RSP), carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), or dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), were determined by AlarmarBlue microplate assay. Drug-resistant regions of the gyrA and gyrB genes from the drug-resistant strains were sequenced. The transcription level of the efflux pump genes was monitored using qRT-PCR. All the tested strains were resistant to LFX. The drug-resistant regions from the gyrA and gyrB genes showed no mutation associated with LFX resistance. CCCP, DCC, VP, and RSP increased the susceptibility of 93.3% (56/60), 91.7% (55/60), 85% (51/60), and 83.3% (50/60) isolates to LFX by 2 to 32-fold, respectively. Elevated transcription of seven efflux pump genes was observed in isolates with a high reduction in LFX MIC values in the presence of efflux pump inhibitors. Efflux pump inhibitors can improve the antibacterial activity of LFX against M. abscessus in vitro. The overexpression of efflux-related genes in LFX-resistant isolates suggests that efflux pumps are associated with the development of LFX resistance in M. abscessus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlu Teng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Suting Chen
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmin Huo
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Junnan Jia
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Zhao
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Guanglu Jiang
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Fen Wang
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Naihui Chu
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hairong Huang
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, China
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Chaudhuri R, Prasanth T, Biswas D, Mandal S, Dash J. Combating multidrug-resistance in S. pneumoniae: a G-quadruplex binding inhibitor of efflux pump and its bio-orthogonal assembly. NAR MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2024; 1:ugae005. [PMID: 38694210 PMCID: PMC11059089 DOI: 10.1093/narmme/ugae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance poses a significant global health threat, necessitating innovative strategies to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Streptococcus pneumoniae, a pathogen responsible for various infections, harbors highly conserved DNA quadruplexes in genes linked to its pathogenesis. In this study, we introduce a novel approach to counter antibiotic resistance by stabilizing G-quadruplex structures within the open reading frames of key resistance-associated genes (pmrA, recD and hsdS). We synthesized An4, a bis-anthracene derivative, using Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, which exhibited remarkable binding and stabilization of the G-quadruplex in the pmrA gene responsible for drug efflux. An4 effectively permeated multidrug-resistant S. pneumoniae strains, leading to a substantial 12.5-fold reduction in ciprofloxacin resistance. Furthermore, An4 downregulated pmrA gene expression, enhancing drug retention within bacterial cells. Remarkably, the pmrA G-quadruplex cloned into the pET28a(+) plasmid transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 cells can template Cu-free bio-orthogonal synthesis of An4 from its corresponding alkyne and azide fragments. This study presents a pioneering strategy to combat antibiotic resistance by genetically reducing drug efflux pump expression through G-quadruplex stabilization, offering promising avenues for addressing antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritapa Chaudhuri
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, West-Bengal 700032, India
| | - Thumpati Prasanth
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, West-Bengal 700032, India
| | - Debasmita Biswas
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, West-Bengal 700032, India
| | - Subhranshu Mandal
- Laboratory Medicine, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal 700156, India
| | - Jyotirmayee Dash
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, West-Bengal 700032, India
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Abdelmalek S, Hajar M, Salah L, Abdel-Halim H. In Silico Screening and Experimental Validation of Novel MexAB-OprM Efflux Pump Inhibitors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microb Drug Resist 2024; 30:73-81. [PMID: 38150012 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2023.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa possesses a significant public health concern. Constitutively expressed MexAB-OprM efflux pumps in P. aeruginosa significantly contribute to its resistance to a variety of antibiotics. The development of efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) has emerged as an attractive strategy in reversing antibiotic resistance. In this study, structure-based virtual screening techniques were used for the identification of new MexAB-OprM efflux inhibitors. The predicted poses were thoroughly filtered by induced fit docking procedures followed by in vitro microbiological assays for the validation of in silico results. Two compounds, NSC-147850 and NSC-112703, were able to restore tetracycline susceptibility in MexAB-OprM overexpressing Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC® 27853™ strain. This correlation observed between in silico screening and positive efflux inhibitory activity in vitro suggests that NSC-147850 and NSC-112703 have potential as EPIs and may be effective in combination therapy against drug-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Abdelmalek
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Malak Hajar
- Health Data Science Lab, Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medical and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Luma Salah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Heba Abdel-Halim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
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Salini S, Muralikrishnan B, Bhat SG, Ghate SD, Rao RSP, Kumar RA, Kurthkoti K. Overexpression of a membrane transport system MSMEG_1381 and MSMEG_1382 confers multidrug resistance in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Microb Pathog 2023; 185:106384. [PMID: 37838146 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a leading cause of human mortality worldwide, and the emergence of drug-resistant strains demands the discovery of new classes of antimycobacterial that can be employed in the therapeutic pipeline. Previously, a secondary metabolite, chrysomycin A, isolated from Streptomyces sp. OA161 displayed potent bactericidal activity against drug-resistant clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis and different species of mycobacteria. The antibiotic inhibits mycobacterial topoisomerase I and DNA gyrase, leading to bacterial death, but the mechanisms that could cause resistance to this antibiotic are currently unknown. To further understand the resistance mechanism, using M. smegmatis as a model, spontaneous resistance mutants were isolated and subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Mutation in a TetR family transcriptional regulator MSMEG_1380 was identified in the resistant isolates wherein the gene was adjacent to an operon encoding membrane proteins MSMEG_1381 and MSMEG_1382. Sequence analysis and modeling studies indicated that MSMEG_1381 and MSMEG_1382 are components of the Mmp family of efflux pumps and over-expression of either the operon or individual genes conferred resistance to chrysomycin A, isoniazid, and ethambutol. Our study highlights the role of membrane transporter proteins in conferring multiple drug resistance and the utility of recombinant strains overexpressing membrane transporters in the drug screening pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Salini
- Mycobacterium Research Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India
| | - Balaji Muralikrishnan
- Mycobacterium Research Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati, 517507, India
| | - Sinchana G Bhat
- Mycobacterium Research Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India
| | - Sudeep D Ghate
- Center for Bioinformatics, NITTE Deemed to be University, Mangaluru 575018, India
| | - R Shyama Prasad Rao
- Center for Bioinformatics, NITTE Deemed to be University, Mangaluru 575018, India
| | - R Ajay Kumar
- Mycobacterium Research Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India
| | - Krishna Kurthkoti
- Mycobacterium Research Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India.
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Poester VR, Hidalgo JED, Jardim LS, Trápaga MR, Rabello VBDS, Almeida-Paes R, Zancope-Oliveira RM, Xavier MO. Amlodipine and lufenuron as repurposing drugs against Sporothrix brasiliensis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16443. [PMID: 38050607 PMCID: PMC10693817 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis is a globally emerging infectious disease with limited therapeutic options. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the in vitro activity of amlodipine (AML) and lufenuron (LUF) alone and their interaction with itraconazole (ITZ), the first-choice drug against S. brasiliensis. Methods Twenty clinical isolates of S. brasiliensis from two hyperendemic regions were tested through a microdilution assay to evaluate the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) of AML and LUF. Checkerboard assay was performed with 10 isolates for both drug interactions with ITZ. Results AML showed inhibitory and fungicidal activity against all isolates included, with MIC values ranging from 32 to 256 µg/mL, and MFC from 64 to 256 µg/mL. However, none of the S. brasiliensis isolates were inhibited by the highest soluble concentration of LUF (MIC >64 µg/mL for all strains). Synergic interaction of AML and LUF with ITZ occurred in 50% and 40% of the isolates tested, without any antagonistic effects. Conclusion Both repurposing drugs evaluated in our study showed a promising in vitro activity, especially in synergy with ITZ against S. brasiliensis, warranting future in vivo investigations regarding its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanice Rodrigues Poester
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratório de Micologia (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Lara Severo Jardim
- Laboratório de Micologia (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariana Rodrigues Trápaga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratório de Micologia (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Brito de Souza Rabello
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Almeida-Paes
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil
| | - Rosely Maria Zancope-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil
| | - Melissa Orzechowski Xavier
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratório de Micologia (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Murase LS, Lima DDS, Souza JVPD, Palomo CT, Caleffi-Ferracioli KR, Scodro RBDL, Siqueira VLD, Seixas FAV, Cardoso RF. Binding of piperine to mycobacterial RNA polymerase improves the efficacy of rifampicin activity against Mycobacterium leprae and nontuberculous mycobacteria. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8671-8681. [PMID: 36255291 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2135602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Piperine (PPN) is a known inhibitor of efflux pumps in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and in vitro synergism with rifampicin (RIF) has been proven. The current study evaluates the activity of PPN and synergism with RIF in rapidly and slowly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Also, to propose a possible mechanism of interaction of PPN with M. leprae (Mlp) RNA polymerase (RNAp). Minimal inhibitory concentration and drug combination assay was determined by resazurin microtiter assay and resazurin drug combination assay, respectively. In silico evaluation of PPN binding was performed by molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD). PPN showed higher antimicrobial activity against rapidly growing NTM (32-128 mg/L) rather than for slowly growing NTM (≥ 256 mg/L). Further, 77.8% of NTM tested exhibited FICI ≤ 0.5 when exposed to PPN and RIF combination, regardless of growth speed. Docking and MD simulations showed a possible PPN binding site at the interface between β and β' subunits of RNAp, in close proximity to the trigger-helix and bridge-helix elements. MD results indicated that PPN binding hindered the mobility of these elements, which are essential for RNA transcription. We hypothesize that PPN binding might affect mycobacterial RNAp activity, and, possibly, RIF activity and that this mechanism is partially responsible for synergic behaviors with RIF reported in vitro. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Sayuri Murase
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Diego de Souza Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - João Vítor Perez de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
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Lv J, Liu G, Ju Y, Huang H, Sun Y. AADB: A Manually Collected Database for Combinations of Antibiotics With Adjuvants. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2023; 20:2827-2836. [PMID: 37279138 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2023.3283221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health concern. The lack of innovations in antibiotic development has led to renewed interest in antibiotic adjuvants. However, there is no database to collect antibiotic adjuvants. Herein, we build a comprehensive database named Antibiotic Adjuvant DataBase (AADB) by manually collecting relevant literature. Specifically, AADB includes 3,035 combinations of antibiotics with adjuvants, covering 83 antibiotics, 226 adjuvants, and 325 bacterial strains. AADB provides user-friendly interfaces for searching and downloading. Users can easily obtain these datasets for further analysis. In addition, we also collected related datasets (e.g., chemogenomic and metabolomic data) and proposed a computational strategy to dissect these datasets. As a test case, we identified 10 candidates for minocycline, and 6 of 10 candidates are the known adjuvants that synergize with minocycline to inhibit the growth of E. coli BW25113. We hope that AADB can help users to identify effective antibiotic adjuvants. AADB is freely available at http://www.acdb.plus/AADB.
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Larkins-Ford J, Aldridge BB. Advances in the design of combination therapies for the treatment of tuberculosis. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:83-97. [PMID: 36538813 PMCID: PMC9892364 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2157811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis requires lengthy multi-drug therapy. Mycobacterium tuberculosis occupies different tissue compartments during infection, making drug access and susceptibility patterns variable. Antibiotic combinations are needed to ensure each compartment of infection is reached with effective drug treatment. Despite drug combinations' role in treating tuberculosis, the design of such combinations has been tackled relatively late in the drug development process, limiting the number of drug combinations tested. In recent years, there has been significant progress using in vitro, in vivo, and computational methodologies to interrogate combination drug effects. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the advances in these methodologies and how they may be used in conjunction with new successful clinical trials of novel drug combinations to design optimized combination therapies for tuberculosis. Literature searches for approaches and experimental models used to evaluate drug combination effects were undertaken. EXPERT OPINION We are entering an era richer in combination drug effect and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data, genetic tools, and outcome measurement types. Application of computational modeling approaches that integrate these data and produce predictive models of clinical outcomes may enable the field to generate novel, effective multidrug therapies using existing and new drug combination backbones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Larkins-Ford
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology and Tufts University School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Stuart B. Levy Center for Integrated Management of Antimicrobial Resistance (CIMAR), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Current address: MarvelBiome Inc, Woburn, MA, USA
| | - Bree B. Aldridge
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology and Tufts University School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Stuart B. Levy Center for Integrated Management of Antimicrobial Resistance (CIMAR), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, MA, USA
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Poulton NC, Rock JM. Unraveling the mechanisms of intrinsic drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:997283. [PMID: 36325467 PMCID: PMC9618640 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.997283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is among the most difficult infections to treat, requiring several months of multidrug therapy to produce a durable cure. The reasons necessitating long treatment times are complex and multifactorial. However, one major difficulty of treating TB is the resistance of the infecting bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), to many distinct classes of antimicrobials. This review will focus on the major gaps in our understanding of intrinsic drug resistance in Mtb and how functional and chemical-genetics can help close those gaps. A better understanding of intrinsic drug resistance will help lay the foundation for strategies to disarm and circumvent these mechanisms to develop more potent antitubercular therapies.
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Silva BR, Queiroz PA, Amaral PHRD, Freitas BCD, Stocco AF, Sampiron EG, Vandresen F, Tognim MCB, Caleffi-Ferracioli KR, Scodro RBDL, Cardoso RF, La Porta FDA, Siqueira VLD. Polymyxin B Activity Rescue by (−)-Camphene-Based Thiosemicarbazide Against Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales. Microb Drug Resist 2022; 28:962-971. [PMID: 36256860 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2021.0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the significant shortage of therapeutic options for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infections, new drugs or therapeutic combinations are urgently required. We show in this study that (-)-camphene-based thiosemicarbazide (TSC) may act synergistically with polymyxin B (PMB) against CRE, rescuing the activity of this antimicrobial. With the specific aim of a better molecular understanding of this effect caused by the presence of TSC, theoretical calculations were also performed in this study. Based on these findings, it is concluded that the presence of TSC moieties contributes to significant changes in the hydrogen atom charge of PMB structure, which trend more positives for the PMB/TSC system studied. This could lead to the formation of stronger hydrogen bonds in the Enterobacterales active site and, thus contribute to a molecular understanding of the PMB rescue of activity promoted by the presence of TSC moiety. As such, the clinical potential of these drug combinations requires further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Renata Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Bioscience and Physiopathology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Paula Assis Queiroz
- Postgraduate Program in Bioscience and Physiopathology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Rodrigues do Amaral
- Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Cardoso de Freitas
- Postgraduate Program in Bioscience and Physiopathology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Alison Fernando Stocco
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Technological University of Parana, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Gibin Sampiron
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Fábio Vandresen
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Technological University of Parana, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | | | - Katiany Rizzieri Caleffi-Ferracioli
- Postgraduate Program in Bioscience and Physiopathology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Regiane Bertin de Lima Scodro
- Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Rosilene Fressatti Cardoso
- Postgraduate Program in Bioscience and Physiopathology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | | | - Vera Lucia Dias Siqueira
- Postgraduate Program in Bioscience and Physiopathology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil
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Maringolo-Ribeiro C, Grecco JA, Bellato DL, Almeida AL, Baldin VP, Caleffi-Ferracioli KR, Pavan FR. Rescue of susceptibility to second-line drugs in resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Future Microbiol 2022; 17:511-527. [PMID: 35317616 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest threats to global health, and this study aimed better understand how the efflux pumps are related to this process in tuberculosis clinical isolates. Results: The combination of antibiotics plus efflux pumps (EP) inhibitors was able to restore the susceptibility of clinical isolates in 100% of aminoglycosides resistance and 33.3% of the fluoroquinolones resistance. The relative expression of EP genes in pre-extensively drug-resistant isolates showed an increase of up to 1000-times. Conclusion: The rescue of susceptibility in the presence of EP inhibitors, the increased of activity and expression of the EP genes alert that the inhibition of EP can reduce the selection of resistant strains and improve treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Maringolo-Ribeiro
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Júlia A Grecco
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora L Bellato
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aryadne L Almeida
- State University of Maringá (UEM), Department of Clinical Analysis & Biomedicine, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vanessa P Baldin
- State University of Maringá (UEM), Department of Clinical Analysis & Biomedicine, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando R Pavan
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Phenylisoxazole-3/5-Carbaldehyde Isonicotinylhydrazone Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization, and Antitubercular Activity. J CHEM-NY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6014093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight new phenylisoxazole isoniazid derivatives, 3-(2′-fluorophenyl)isoxazole-5-carbaldehyde isonicotinylhydrazone (1), 3-(2′-methoxyphenyl)isoxazole-5-carbaldehyde isonicotinylhydrazone (2), 3-(2′-chlorophenyl)isoxazole-5-carbaldehyde isonicotinylhydrazone (3), 3-(3′-clorophenyl)isoxazole-5-carbaldehyde isonicotinylhydrazone (4), 3-(4′-bromophenyl)isoxazole-5-carbaldehyde isonicotinylhydrazone (5), 5-(4′-methoxiphenyl)isoxazole-3-carbaldehyde isonicotinylhydrazone (6), 5-(4′-methylphenyl)isoxazole-3-carbaldehyde isonicotinylhydrazone (7), and 5-(4′-clorophenyl)isoxazole-3-carbaldehyde isonicotinylhydrazone (8), have been synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectral data. The 2D NMR (1H-1H NOESY) analysis of 1 and 2 confirmed that these compounds in acetone-d6 are in the trans(E) isomeric form. This evidence is supported by computational calculations which were performed for compounds 1–8, using DFT/B3LYP level with the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The in vitro antituberculous activity of all the synthesized compounds was determined against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis standard strains: sensitive H37Rv (ATCC-27294) and resistant TB DM97. All the compounds exhibited moderate bioactivity (MIC = 0.34–0.41 μM) with respect to the isoniazid drug (MIC = 0.91 μM) against the H37Rv sensitive strain. Compounds 6 (X = 4′-OCH3) and 7 (X = 4′-CH3) with MIC values of 12.41 and 13.06 μM, respectively, were about two times more cytotoxic, compared with isoniazid, against the resistant strain TB DM97.
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14
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Foletto VS, da Rosa TF, Serafin MB, Bottega A, Hörner R. Repositioning of non-antibiotic drugs as an alternative to microbial resistance: a systematic review. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2021; 58:106380. [PMID: 34166776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The global spread of microbial resistance coupled with high costs and slow pace in the discovery of a new antibiotic have made drug repositioning an attractive and promising alternative in the treatment of infections caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) microorganisms. The reuse involves the production of compounds with lower costs and development time, using diversified production technologies. The present systematic review aimed to present a selection of studies published in the last 20 years, which report the antimicrobial activity of non-antibiotic drugs that are candidates for repositioning, which could be used against the current microbial multidrug resistance. A search was performed in the PubMed, SciELO and Google Scholar databases using the following search strategies: [(drug repurposing) OR (drug repositioning) OR (repositioning) AND (non-antibiotic) AND (antibacterial activity) AND (antimicrobial activity)]. Overall, 112 articles were included, which explored the antimicrobial activity in antidepressants, antihypertensives, anti-inflammatories, antineoplastics, hypoglycemic agents, among other drugs. It was concluded that they have significant antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo, against standard strain and clinical isolates (Gram-negative and Gram-positive) and fungi. When associated with antibacterials, most of these drugs had their antibacterial activity enhanced. It was also a consensus of the studies included in this review that the presence of aromatic rings in the molecular structure contributes to antimicrobial activity. This review highlights the potential repositioning of several classes of non-antibiotic drugs as promising candidates for repositioning in the treatment of severe bacterial infections of MDR bacteria, extensively resistant (XDR) and pan-resistant (PDR) to drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitória S Foletto
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Taciéli F da Rosa
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Marissa B Serafin
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Angelita Bottega
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Rosmari Hörner
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.
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15
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Halicki PCB, Vianna JS, Zanatta N, de Andrade VP, de Oliveira M, Mateus M, da Silva MV, Rodrigues V, Ramos DF, Almeida da Silva PE. 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-3-yl)ethanone derivative as efflux pump inhibitor in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 42:128088. [PMID: 33964440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although the administration of combined therapy is efficient to tuberculosis (TB) treatment caused by susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, to overcome the multidrug resistance is still a challenge. Some studies have reported evidence about tetrahydropyridines as a putative efflux pump inhibitor, including in mycobacteria, being a promising strategy against M. tuberculosis. Thus, we investigated the biological potential of 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-3-yl)ethanone derivative (NUNL02) against two strains of M. tuberculosis. NUNL02 was able to increase the susceptibility of the multidrug resistant strain to the anti-TB drugs, resulting in synergism with rifampicin. Still, we assume that this compound plays a role in the efflux mechanism in M. tuberculosis, besides, to be able to kill the bacillus under the deprivation of essential nutrients. Thus, our findings highlight NUNL02 as a promising prototype to develop a new adjuvant for TB treatment, mainly as EPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Cristina Bartolomeu Halicki
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Médica (NUPEMM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG) - Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102 - sala 425 - Centro. Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 96203-900, Brazil; Núcleo de Desenvolvimento de Novos Fármacos (NUDEFA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG) - Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102 - Centro. Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Júlia Silveira Vianna
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Médica (NUPEMM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG) - Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102 - sala 425 - Centro. Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Nilo Zanatta
- Núcleo de Química de Heterocliclos (NUQUIMHE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima n° 1000 - Prédio 15 - Camobi. Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Valquiria Pereira de Andrade
- Núcleo de Química de Heterocliclos (NUQUIMHE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima n° 1000 - Prédio 15 - Camobi. Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Oliveira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia - Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM) - Avenida Frei Paulino, 30 - Nossa Senhora da Abadia. Uberaba, Minas Gerais CEP 38025-180, Brazil
| | - Malu Mateus
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia - Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM) - Avenida Frei Paulino, 30 - Nossa Senhora da Abadia. Uberaba, Minas Gerais CEP 38025-180, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinicius da Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia - Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM) - Avenida Frei Paulino, 30 - Nossa Senhora da Abadia. Uberaba, Minas Gerais CEP 38025-180, Brazil
| | - Virmondes Rodrigues
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia - Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM) - Avenida Frei Paulino, 30 - Nossa Senhora da Abadia. Uberaba, Minas Gerais CEP 38025-180, Brazil
| | - Daniela Fernandes Ramos
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Médica (NUPEMM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG) - Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102 - sala 425 - Centro. Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 96203-900, Brazil; Núcleo de Desenvolvimento de Novos Fármacos (NUDEFA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG) - Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102 - Centro. Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro Eduardo Almeida da Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Médica (NUPEMM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG) - Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102 - sala 425 - Centro. Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 96203-900, Brazil; Núcleo de Desenvolvimento de Novos Fármacos (NUDEFA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG) - Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102 - Centro. Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 96203-900, Brazil.
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16
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Calsavara LL, Hegeto LA, Sampiron EG, Costacurta GF, Murase LS, Souza JV, de Almeida AL, de S Santos NC, Siqueira VL, de L Scodro RB, Cardoso RF, Caleffi-Ferracioli KR. Rescue of streptomycin activity by piperine in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:623-633. [PMID: 34098743 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the modulatory effect of piperine (PIP) on streptomycin (SM) activity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Materials & methods: SM and PIP minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and combinatory activity were determined in Mtb H37Rv and in susceptible and resistant clinical isolates. Ethidium bromide accumulation assay and relative quantification of efflux pumps genes (rv1258c, rv1218c and rv2942), after SM and SM+PIP combination exposure, were also performed. Results: PIP concentration of 25 μg/ml (1/4× MIC) was able to inhibit efflux pumps activity, to modulate SM activity in Mtb, and conducted changes in the relative quantification of efflux pumps genes. Conclusion: SM+PIP combination was able to rescue the SM-susceptible MIC values in SM-resistant Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonora L Calsavara
- Postgraduate Program in Bioscience & Physiopathology, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis & Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Laíse A Hegeto
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis & Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Eloisa G Sampiron
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis & Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Giovana F Costacurta
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis & Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Letícia S Murase
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis & Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - João Vp Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Bioscience & Physiopathology, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis & Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Aryadne L de Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Bioscience & Physiopathology, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis & Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Nathally C de S Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Bioscience & Physiopathology, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis & Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Vera Ld Siqueira
- Postgraduate Program in Bioscience & Physiopathology, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis & Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Regiane B de L Scodro
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis & Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Rosilene F Cardoso
- Postgraduate Program in Bioscience & Physiopathology, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis & Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Katiany R Caleffi-Ferracioli
- Postgraduate Program in Bioscience & Physiopathology, State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis & Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
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17
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Hobson C, Chan AN, Wright GD. The Antibiotic Resistome: A Guide for the Discovery of Natural Products as Antimicrobial Agents. Chem Rev 2021; 121:3464-3494. [PMID: 33606500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of life-saving antibiotics has long been plagued by the ability of pathogenic bacteria to acquire and develop an array of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. The sum of these resistance mechanisms, the antibiotic resistome, is a formidable threat to antibiotic discovery, development, and use. The study and understanding of the molecular mechanisms in the resistome provide the basis for traditional approaches to combat resistance, including semisynthetic modification of naturally occurring antibiotic scaffolds, the development of adjuvant therapies that overcome resistance mechanisms, and the total synthesis of new antibiotics and their analogues. Using two major classes of antibiotics, the aminoglycosides and tetracyclines as case studies, we review the success and limitations of these strategies when used to combat the many forms of resistance that have emerged toward natural product-based antibiotics specifically. Furthermore, we discuss the use of the resistome as a guide for the genomics-driven discovery of novel antimicrobials, which are essential to combat the growing number of emerging pathogens that are resistant to even the newest approved therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hobson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Andrew N Chan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Gerard D Wright
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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18
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Are antibacterial effects of non-antibiotic drugs random or purposeful because of a common evolutionary origin of bacterial and mammalian targets? Infection 2020; 49:569-589. [PMID: 33325009 PMCID: PMC7737717 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Advances in structural biology, genetics, bioinformatics, etc. resulted in the availability of an enormous pool of information enabling the analysis of the ancestry of pro- and eukaryotic genes and proteins. Methods This review summarizes findings of structural and/or functional homologies of pro- and eukaryotic enzymes catalysing analogous biological reactions because of their highly conserved active centres so that non-antibiotics interacted with bacterial targets. Results Protease inhibitors such as staurosporine or camostat inhibited bacterial serine/threonine or serine/tyrosine protein kinases, serine/threonine phosphatases, and serine/threonine kinases, to which penicillin-binding-proteins are linked, so that these drugs synergized with β-lactams, reverted aminoglycoside-resistance and attenuated bacterial virulence. Calcium antagonists such as nitrendipine or verapamil blocked not only prokaryotic ion channels but interacted with negatively charged bacterial cell membranes thus disrupting membrane energetics and inducing membrane stress response resulting in inhibition of P-glycoprotein such as bacterial pumps thus improving anti-mycobacterial activities of rifampicin, tetracycline, fluoroquinolones, bedaquilin and imipenem-activity against Acinetobacter spp. Ciclosporine and tacrolimus attenuated bacterial virulence. ACE-inhibitors like captopril interacted with metallo-β-lactamases thus reverting carbapenem-resistance; prokaryotic carbonic anhydrases were inhibited as well resulting in growth impairment. In general, non-antibiotics exerted weak antibacterial activities on their own but synergized with antibiotics, and/or reverted resistance and/or attenuated virulence. Conclusions Data summarized in this review support the theory that prokaryotic proteins represent targets for non-antibiotics because of a common evolutionary origin of bacterial- and mammalian targets resulting in highly conserved active centres of both, pro- and eukaryotic proteins with which the non-antibiotics interact and exert antibacterial actions.
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19
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Selective Inhibition of Coxiella burnetii Replication by the Steroid Hormone Progesterone. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00894-19. [PMID: 32928965 PMCID: PMC7671902 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00894-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii is a zoonotic bacterial obligate intracellular parasite and the cause of query (Q) fever. During natural infection of female animals, C. burnetii shows tropism for the placenta and is associated with late-term abortion, at which time the pathogen titer in placental tissue can exceed one billion bacteria per gram. During later stages of pregnancy, placental trophoblasts serve as the major source of progesterone, a steroid hormone known to affect the replication of some pathogens. During infection of placenta-derived JEG-3 cells, C. burnetii showed sensitivity to progesterone but not the immediate precursor pregnenolone or estrogen, another major mammalian steroid hormone. Using host cell-free culture, progesterone was determined to have a direct inhibitory effect on C. burnetii replication. Synergy between the inhibitory effect of progesterone and the efflux pump inhibitors verapamil and 1-(1-naphthylmethyl)-piperazine is consistent with a role for efflux pumps in preventing progesterone-mediated inhibition of C. burnetii activity. The sensitivity of C. burnetii to progesterone, but not structurally related molecules, is consistent with the ability of progesterone to influence pathogen replication in progesterone-producing tissues.
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20
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Sharma A, Vaghasiya K, Ray E, Gupta P, Gupta UD, Singh AK, Verma RK. Targeted Pulmonary Delivery of the Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin Gallate Controls the Growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Enhancing the Autophagy and Suppressing Bacterial Burden. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4126-4140. [PMID: 33463343 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Growing rates of tuberculosis (TB) superbugs are alarming, which has hampered the progress made to-date to control this infectious disease, and new drug candidates are few. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major polyphenolic compound from green tea extract, shows powerful efficacy against TB bacteria in in vitro studies. However, the therapeutic efficacy of the molecule is limited due to poor pharmacokinetics and low bioavailability following oral administration. Aiming to improve the treatment outcomes of EGCG therapy, we investigated whether encapsulation and pulmonary delivery of the molecule would allow the direct targeting of the site of infection without compromising the activity. Microencapsulation of EGCG was realized by scalable spray-freeze-drying (SFD) technology, forming free-flowing micrometer-sized microspheres (epigallocatechin-3-gallate-loaded trehalose microspheres, EGCG-t-MS) of trehalose sugar. These porous microspheres exhibited appropriate aerodynamic parameters and high encapsulation efficiencies. In vitro studies demonstrated that EGCG-t-MS exhibited dose- and time-dependent killing of TB bacteria inside mouse macrophages by cellular mechanisms of lysosome acidification and autophagy induction. In a preclinical study on TB-infected Balb/c mice model (4 weeks of infection), we demonstrate that the microencapsulated EGCG, administered 5 days/week for 6 weeks by pulmonary delivery, showed exceptional efficacy compared to oral treatment of free drug. This treatment approach exhibited therapeutic outcomes by resolution of inflammation in the infected lungs and significant reduction (P < 0.05) in bacterial burden (up to ∼2.54 Log10 CFU) compared to untreated control and orally treated mice groups. No pathological granulomas, lesions, and inflammation were observed in the histopathological investigation, compared to untreated controls. The encouraging results of the study may pave the avenues for future use of EGCG in TB therapeutics by targeted pulmonary delivery and lead to its translational success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Sharma
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase-10, Sector-64, Mohali, Punjab-160062, India
| | - Kalpesh Vaghasiya
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase-10, Sector-64, Mohali, Punjab-160062, India
| | - Eupa Ray
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase-10, Sector-64, Mohali, Punjab-160062, India
| | - Pushpa Gupta
- National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Tajganj, Agra-282001, India
| | - Umesh Datta Gupta
- National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Tajganj, Agra-282001, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Tajganj, Agra-282001, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Verma
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase-10, Sector-64, Mohali, Punjab-160062, India
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21
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Oxidative Phosphorylation—an Update on a New, Essential Target Space for Drug Discovery in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10072339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
New drugs with new mechanisms of action are urgently required to tackle the global tuberculosis epidemic. Following the FDA-approval of the ATP synthase inhibitor bedaquiline (Sirturo®), energy metabolism has become the subject of intense focus as a novel pathway to exploit for tuberculosis drug development. This enthusiasm stems from the fact that oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) and the maintenance of the transmembrane electrochemical gradient are essential for the viability of replicating and non-replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), the etiological agent of human tuberculosis (TB). Therefore, new drugs targeting this pathway have the potential to shorten TB treatment, which is one of the major goals of TB drug discovery. This review summarises the latest and key findings regarding the OxPhos pathway in M. tb and provides an overview of the inhibitors targeting various components. We also discuss the potential of new regimens containing these inhibitors, the flexibility of this pathway and, consequently, the complexity in targeting it. Lastly, we discuss opportunities and future directions of this drug target space.
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22
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Amaral RCRD, Caleffi-Ferracioli KR, Demitto FDO, Almeida ALD, Siqueira VLD, Scodro RBDL, Leite CQF, Pavan FR, Cardoso RF. Is the efflux pump inhibitor Verapamil a potential booster for isoniazid against Mycobacterium tuberculosis? BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902020000218309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rosilene Fressatti Cardoso
- State University of Maringa, Brazil; State University of Maringa, Brazil; State University of Maringa, Brazil
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23
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Khosravi AD, Sirous M, Absalan Z, Tabandeh MR, Savari M. Comparison Of drrA And drrB Efflux Pump Genes Expression In Drug-Susceptible And -Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains Isolated From Tuberculosis Patients In Iran. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:3437-3444. [PMID: 31807034 PMCID: PMC6842285 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s221823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among different resistance mechanisms in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), efflux pumps may have a role in drug-resistance property of MTB. So, the aim of this study was to compare the relative overexpression of two important efflux pump genes, drrA and drrB, among MTB isolates from TB patients. METHODS A total of 37 clinical isolates of confirmed MTB isolates were analyzed. Drug susceptibility testing (DST) was performed using the conventional proportional method. Real-time semiquantitative PCR profiling of the efflux pump genes of drrA and drrB was performed for clinical isolates. The receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis for differentiation of resistant from susceptible isolates on the basis of efflux pump expression fold changes was also performed. RESULTS According to DST, 16 rifampin (RIF) monoresistant, 3 isoniazid (INH) monoresistant, 5 multidrug-resistant (MDR) and 13 pan-susceptible isolates of MTB were evaluated for gene expression. The highest values of drrA and drrB gene expression fold changes were seen in MDR isolates, which were significant in comparison with susceptible isolates and H37Rv reference strain. By using comparative ROC analysis, the obtained cutoff point for drrA and drrB gene overexpression was the folds of >1.6 and >2.3, respectively. CONCLUSION The results of the present study confirm the role of DrrA-DrrB efflux pump in antibiotic resistance in clinical MTB isolates. As the large number of efflux pumps are located in the cell envelope of MTB, we cannot correlate a single efflux pump overexpression to the drug-resistance phenotype, unless all the pumps simultaneously investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar Dokht Khosravi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehrandokht Sirous
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Zahra Absalan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Tabandeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Savari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Narang R, Kumar R, Kalra S, Nayak SK, Khatik GL, Kumar GN, Sudhakar K, Singh SK. Recent advancements in mechanistic studies and structure activity relationship of FoF1 ATP synthase inhibitor as antimicrobial agent. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111644. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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The Contribution of Efflux Pumps in Mycobacterium abscessus Complex Resistance to Clarithromycin. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8030153. [PMID: 31540480 PMCID: PMC6784190 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8030153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The basis of drug resistance in Mycobacterium abscessus is still poorly understood. Nevertheless, as seen in other microorganisms, the efflux of antimicrobials may also play a role in M. abscessus drug resistance. Here, we investigated the role of efflux pumps in clarithromycin resistance using nine clinical isolates of M. abscessus complex belonging to the T28 erm(41) sequevar responsible for the inducible resistance to clarithromycin. The strains were characterized by drug susceptibility testing in the presence/absence of the efflux inhibitor verapamil and by genetic analysis of drug-resistance-associated genes. Efflux activity was quantified by real-time fluorometry. Efflux pump gene expression was studied by RT-qPCR upon exposure to clarithromycin. Verapamil increased the susceptibility to clarithromycin from 4- to ≥64-fold. The efflux pump genes MAB_3142 and MAB_1409 were found consistently overexpressed. The results obtained demonstrate that the T28 erm(41) polymorphism is not the sole cause of the inducible clarithromycin resistance in M.abscessus subsp. abscessus or bolletii with efflux activity providing a strong contribution to clarithromycin resistance. These data highlight the need for further studies on M. abscessus efflux response to antimicrobial stress in order to implement more effective therapeutic regimens and guidance in the development of new drugs against these bacteria.
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Yang CY, Hsu CY, Fang CS, Shiau CW, Chen CS, Chiu HC. Loxapine, an antipsychotic drug, suppresses intracellular multiple-antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in macrophages. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2019; 52:638-647. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ramis IB, Vianna JS, Silva Junior L, von Groll A, Ramos DF, Lobo MM, Zanatta N, Viveiros M, Silva PEAD. In silico and in vitro evaluation of tetrahydropyridine compounds as efflux inhibitors in Mycobacterium abscessus. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2019; 118:101853. [PMID: 31430699 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we evaluated tetrahydropyridine (THP) compounds (NUNM) as antimicrobials and inhibitors of the efflux mechanism in M. abscessus. subsp. abscessus. The modulation factor (MF) of efflux inhibitors was calculated from the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of amikacin (AMI), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and clarithromycin (CLA) in the absence and presence of subinhibitory concentrations of the NUNM compounds and canonical inhibitors carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) and verapamil (VP). The kinetics of the intracellular accumulation of the fluorimetric substrate ethidium bromide (EtBr) was evaluated and calculated by the relative final fluorescence (RFF). In addition, molecular modeling simulations for the MmpL5 and Tap efflux transporters with ligands (CLA, NUNM, CCCP, VP and EtBr) were performed to better understand the efflux mechanism. We highlight the NUNM01 compound because it reduced the MICs of AMI, CIP and CLA by 4-, 4- and 16-fold, respectively, had the highest effect on EtBr accumulation (RFF = 3.1) and showed a significant in silico affinity for the evaluated proteins in docking simulations. Based on the analyses performed in vitro and in silico, we propose that NUNM01 is a potential pharmacophore candidate for the development of a therapeutic adjuvant for M. abscessus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy B Ramis
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Em Microbiologia Médica, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, Rua General Osório s/n, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Júlia S Vianna
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Em Microbiologia Médica, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, Rua General Osório s/n, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - Lande Silva Junior
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Em Microbiologia Médica, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, Rua General Osório s/n, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Instituto Federal Sul-rio-grandense, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Andrea von Groll
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Em Microbiologia Médica, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, Rua General Osório s/n, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela F Ramos
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Em Microbiologia Médica, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, Rua General Osório s/n, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcio Marçal Lobo
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Nilo Zanatta
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Miguel Viveiros
- Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro E Almeida da Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Em Microbiologia Médica, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, Rua General Osório s/n, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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Felicetti T, Machado D, Cannalire R, Astolfi A, Massari S, Tabarrini O, Manfroni G, Barreca ML, Cecchetti V, Viveiros M, Sabatini S. Modifications on C6 and C7 Positions of 3-Phenylquinolone Efflux Pump Inhibitors Led to Potent and Safe Antimycobacterial Treatment Adjuvants. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:982-1000. [PMID: 30907573 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous microbes belonging to the Mycobacterium genus. Among all NTM pathogens, M. avium is one of the most frequent agents causing pulmonary disease, especially in immunocompromised individuals and cystic fibrosis patients. Recently, we reported the first ad hoc designed M. avium efflux pump inhibitor (EPI; 1b) able to strongly boost clarithromycin (CLA) MIC against different M. avium strains. Since the 3-phenylquinolone derivative 1b suffered from toxicity issues toward human macrophages, herein we report a two-pronged medicinal chemistry workflow for identifying new potent and safe NTM EPIs. Initially, we followed a computational approach exploiting our pharmacophore models to screen FDA approved drugs and in-house compounds to identify "ready-to-use" NTM EPIs and/or new scaffolds to be optimized in terms of EPI activity. Although nicardipine 2 was identified as a new NTM EPI, all identified molecules still suffered from toxicity issues. Therefore, based on the promising NTM EPI activity of 1b, we undertook the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new 3-phenylquinolones differently functionalized at the C6/C7 as well as N1 positions. Among the 27 synthesized 3-phenylquinolone analogues, compounds 11b, 12b, and 16a exerted excellent NTM EPI activity at concentrations below their CC50 on human cells, with derivative 16a being the most promising compound. Interestingly, 16a also showed good activity in M. avium-infected macrophages both alone as well as in combination with CLA. The antimycobacterial activity observed for 16a only when tested in the ex vivo model suggests a high therapeutic potential of EPIs against M. avium, which seems to need functional efflux pumps to establish intracellular infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Felicetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Diana Machado
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rolando Cannalire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Astolfi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Serena Massari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Manfroni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Barreca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Miguel Viveiros
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Stefano Sabatini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Non-antibiotic adjunctive therapy: A promising approach to fight tuberculosis. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104289. [PMID: 31152788 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is currently a clinical and public health problem. There is a concern about the emergence and development of multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR-TB) species. Additionally, the lack of effective vaccines is another limitation to control the related infections. To overcome these problems various approaches have been pursued such as finding novel drug candidates with a new mechanism of action or repurposing conventional antibiotics. However, these strategies are still far from clinical application. Hence, the use of adjunctive therapy has been suggested for TB. In this paper, we review non-antibiotic adjunctive treatment options for TB. Natural products, vitamins, micronutrients, and trace elementals, as well as non-antibiotic drugs, are examples of agents which have been used as adjunctive therapies. The use of these adjunctive therapies has been shown to improve disease outcomes and reduce the adverse effects of antibiotic drugs. Employing these agents, either alone or in combination with antibiotics, might be considered as a promising approach to control TB infections and achieve better clinical outcomes. However, supportive evidence from randomized controlled trials is still scant and merits further investigations.
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Rossi I, Buttini F, Sonvico F, Affaticati F, Martinelli F, Annunziato G, Machado D, Viveiros M, Pieroni M, Bettini R. Sodium Hyaluronate Nanocomposite Respirable Microparticles to Tackle Antibiotic Resistance with Potential Application in Treatment of Mycobacterial Pulmonary Infections. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11050203. [PMID: 31052403 PMCID: PMC6571635 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11050203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis resistant cases have been estimated to grow every year. Besides Mycobacterium tuberculosis, other mycobacterial species are responsible for an increasing number of difficult-to-treat infections. To increase efficacy of pulmonary treatment of mycobacterial infections an inhalable antibiotic powder targeting infected alveolar macrophages (AMs) and including an efflux pump inhibitor was developed. Low molecular weight sodium hyaluronate sub-micron particles were efficiently loaded with rifampicin, isoniazid and verapamil, and transformed in highly respirable microparticles (mean volume diameter: 1 μm) by spray drying. These particles were able to regenerate their original size upon contact with aqueous environment with mechanical stirring or sonication. The in vitro drugs release profile from the powder was characterized by a slow release rate, favorable to maintain a high drug level inside AMs. In vitro antimicrobial activity and ex vivo macrophage infection assays employing susceptible and drug resistant strains were carried out. No significant differences were observed when the powder, which did not compromise the AMs viability after a five-day exposure, was compared to the same formulation without verapamil. However, both preparations achieved more than 80% reduction in bacterial viability irrespective of the drug resistance profile. This approach can be considered appropriate to treat mycobacterial respiratory infections, regardless the level of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Rossi
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
- Interdipartmental Center for Innovation in Health Products, BIOPHARMANET TEC, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Francesca Buttini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
- Interdipartmental Center for Innovation in Health Products, BIOPHARMANET TEC, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Fabio Sonvico
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
- Interdipartmental Center for Innovation in Health Products, BIOPHARMANET TEC, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Filippo Affaticati
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Francesco Martinelli
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Giannamaria Annunziato
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Diana Machado
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Viveiros
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Marco Pieroni
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
- Interdipartmental Center for Innovation in Health Products, BIOPHARMANET TEC, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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Caleffi-Ferracioli KR, Cardoso RF, de Souza JV, Murase LS, Canezin PH, Scodro RB, Ld Siqueira V, Pavan FR. Modulatory effects of verapamil in rifampicin activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Future Microbiol 2019; 14:185-194. [PMID: 30648892 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2018-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate modulatory effect of verapamil (VP) in rifampicin (RIF) activity and its effect in efflux pumps (EPs) transcript levels in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. MATERIALS & METHODS RIF and VP minimal inhibitory concentration, combinatory effect and detection of mutations were determined in 16 isolates. EPs transcript levels were determined in four isolates by real-time PCR after exposure to drugs. RESULTS VP showed good combinatory effect among RIF-resistant isolates. This effect was also observed in the relative transcript levels of EPs, mainly after 72 h of exposure, depending on the EP gene, genotype and the resistance profile of the isolate. CONCLUSION Additional regulatory mechanisms in the EP activities, as well as, interactions with other drug-specific resistance mechanisms need further investigation in M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiany R Caleffi-Ferracioli
- Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Analysis & Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Rosilene F Cardoso
- Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Analysis & Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - João Vp de Souza
- Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Analysis & Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Letícia S Murase
- Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Analysis & Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Pedro H Canezin
- Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Analysis & Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Regiane Bl Scodro
- Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Analysis & Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Vera Ld Siqueira
- Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Analysis & Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Fernando R Pavan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Paulista State University, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Kardan-Yamchi J, Kazemian H, Haeili M, Harati AA, Amini S, Feizabadi MM. Expression analysis of 10 efflux pump genes in multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019; 17:201-208. [PMID: 30654147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Active extrusion of antituberculosis drugs via efflux pumps (EPs) has been suggested as contributing to drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This study was conducted to determine the role of 10 drug efflux transporters in the development of drug resistance in a series of clinical M. tuberculosis isolates. METHODS A total of 31 clinical M. tuberculosis isolates without drug exposure [21 multi/extensively drug-resistant (M/XDR-TB) and 10 drug-susceptible isolates] were studied. The expression profile of 10 EP genes, including efpA, mmr, stp, drrA, drrB, mmpL7, Rv1250, Rv1634, Rv2994 and Rv1258c, was investigated against the H37Rv standard strain by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). RESULTS Among the 21M/XDR-TB isolates, 10 showed significantly increased levels of gene expression (>4-fold) for at least one of the studied EPs. Moreover, of the isolates with overexpressed genes, three and seven lacked genetic alterations in the surveyed regions of the rpoB+katG+inhA and katG+inhA genes, respectively. Whilst no elevation was observed in the expression of mmr, Rv1250, Rv1634 and Rv1258c genes in any of the isolates, drrA, stp and drrB were found to be the most commonly overexpressed, being overexpressed in seven, five and three isolates, respectively. Decreased minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of rifampicin, but not isoniazid, were observed in the presence of the efflux pump inhibitor carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). CONCLUSION Overexpression of EP genes can contribute to the emergence of a MDR phenotype in M. tuberculosis. Inhibition of EPs may provide a promising strategy for improving tuberculosis treatment outcomes in patients infected with M/XDR-TB isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalil Kardan-Yamchi
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Kazemian
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehri Haeili
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Ali Harati
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sirus Amini
- Regional Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Thoracic Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Tetrahydropyridine derivative as efflux inhibitor in Mycobacterium abscessus. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019; 17:296-299. [PMID: 30630106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate a tetrahydropyridine derivative (THP) as a potential inhibitor of the efflux mechanism and modulator of the high level of antimicrobial resistance usually observed in members of the Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus) group. METHODS The strain M. abscessus subsp. abscessus (ATCC 19997) was used as reference, in addition to three clinical isolates: M. abscessus subsp. abscessus (AT 07), and two M. abscessus subsp. bolletii (AT 46 and AT 52). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of amikacin (AMI), ciprofloxacin (CIP), clarithromycin (CLA), verapamil (VP), and THP derivative (NUNL02) was determined. RESULTS The NUNL02 showed activity against M. abscessus; the MIC of AMI against ATCC 19997 was reduced more than 16-fold, and the MIC of CIP against AT 52 was reduced four-fold. When combined with CLA, the MIC was reduced against all tested strains. In addition, to detect and quantify the activity of the efflux mechanism, the intracellular accumulation kinetics of the fluorometric substrate ethidium bromide in the presence and absence of VP and NUNL02 were evaluated. The NUNL02 was found to be a more effective efflux inhibitor than VP, which is the classical inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS The tetrahydropyridine derivative, NUNL02, is a promising adjuvant in the treatment of infections caused by M. abscessus.
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Scaini JLR, Camargo AD, Seus VR, von Groll A, Werhli AV, da Silva PEA, Machado KDS. Molecular modelling and competitive inhibition of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis multidrug-resistance efflux pump. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 87:98-108. [PMID: 30529931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries, and the emergency of multidrug and extensive drug resistance cases is an utmost issue on the control of the disease. Despite the efforts on the development of new antibiotics, eventually there will be strains resistant to them as well. Efflux plays an important role in the evolution of resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tap is an important efflux pump associated with tuberculosis resistant to isoniazid, rifampicine and ofloxacin and with multidrug resistance. The development of efflux inhibitors for Tap could raise the effectiveness of second line drugs and reduce the duration of the current treatment. Therefore the objective of this study is to build a reliable molecular model of Tap efflux pump and test the possible competitive inhibition between efflux inhibitors and antibiotics in the optimized structure. We built twenty five Tap models with molecular modelling to elect the best according to the results of the validation analysis. The elected model went through to a 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation in a lipid bilayer, and the resulting optimized structure was used in docking studies to test if the used efflux inhibitors may act via competitive inhibition on antibiotics. The validation results pointed the model built by Phyre2 as the closest to a possible native Tap structure, and therefore it was the elected model. RSMD analysis revealed the model is stable, where the predicted binding site stabilized between 15 and 20 ns, maintaining the RMSD at around 0.35 Å throughout the molecular dynamics simulation in a lipid bilayer. Therefore this model is reliable and can also be used for further studies. The docking studies showed a possibility of competitive inhibition by NUNL02 on ofloxacin and bedaquiline, and by verapamil on ofloxacin and rifampicin. This presents the possibility that NUNL02 and verapamil are possible inhibitors of Tap efflux and highlights the importance of including efflux inhibitors as adjuvants to the tuberculosis therapy, as it indicates a possible extrusion of ofloxacin, rifampicin and bedaquilin by Tap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joāo Luís Rheingantz Scaini
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Computational Sciences Center of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itlia, Km8, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Research Center in Medical Microbiology of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itlia, Km8, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | - Alex Dias Camargo
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Computational Sciences Center of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itlia, Km8, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Rosa Seus
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Computational Sciences Center of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itlia, Km8, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Andrea von Groll
- Research Center in Medical Microbiology of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itlia, Km8, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriano Velasque Werhli
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Computational Sciences Center of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itlia, Km8, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro Eduardo Almeida da Silva
- Research Center in Medical Microbiology of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itlia, Km8, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Karina Dos Santos Machado
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Computational Sciences Center of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Avenida Itlia, Km8, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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Chen Q, Gong X, Zheng F, Ji G, Li S, Stipkovits L, Szathmary S, Liu Y. Interplay Between the Phenotype and Genotype, and Efflux Pumps in Drug-Resistant Strains of Riemerella anatipestifer. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2136. [PMID: 30327640 PMCID: PMC6174861 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of multidrug-resistant strains of Riemerella anatipestifer continues to increase, and new strategies for the treatment of associated infections are necessary. Recently, numerous studies have shown that efflux pumps (EPs) play key roles in universal bacterial mechanisms that contribute to antibiotic resistance. In addition, studies have shown that the effects of antibiotics that are subjected to efflux can be reinforced by their combined use with efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs). Unfortunately, the role of the efflux system in R. anatipestifer remains barely understood. In this study, we evaluated the role of EPs and resistance genes in the resistance generated by clinical strains of R. anatipestifer to antibiotics. A set of 10 R. anatipestifer strains were characterized by drug resistance, associated resistance genes, and antibiotic profiles in the presence and absence of EPIs. Efflux activity was studied on a real time basis through a fluorometric method. Quantification of the levels of mRNA transcription of efflux pump genes (EPGs) was determined by RT-qPCR. Several approaches (detection of resistance genes, drug susceptibility testing, and growth kinetics analysis) were used to assess the correlation between the effect of the EPIs and the resistance levels. Analysis of the R. anatipestifer growth inhibition tests showed that the antibiotic activity was enhanced by the synergy of EPIs. Among the various resistance genes that confer antibiotic resistance, different minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were observed. The different levels of resistance were reduced by EPIs. Real time fluorometry showed that all the R. anatipestifer strains presented inherent efflux activity, conferring varying levels of inhibition in the presence of EPIs. Moreover, 15 EPGs were overexpressed in the presence of antibiotics. The addition of EPIs to antibiotics led to downregulation in the expression of some EPGs and a simultaneous increase in drug resistance and sensitivity. These results demonstrated the contribution of these EPs in the resistant phenotype of the clinical strains of R. anatipestifer that are under investigation, independently of the resistant genotype of the respective strains. Intrinsic efflux activity was possibly linked to the evolution of resistance in multidrug-resistant isolates of R. anatipestifer. Furthermore, the inhibition of EPs by EPIs could enhance the clinical effects of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fuying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guo Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shengdou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | | | | | - Yongsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Machado D, Azzali E, Couto I, Costantino G, Pieroni M, Viveiros M. Adjuvant therapies against tuberculosis: discovery of a 2-aminothiazole targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis energetics. Future Microbiol 2018; 13:1383-1402. [PMID: 30259757 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2018-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the activity of the 2-aminothiazole UPAR-174 following an unexplored approach: targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis with lipophilic compounds that present antituberculosis and efflux inhibitory activity. METHODS Antituberculosis activity was assessed against replicating, nonreplicating and intracellular bacilli. Its capacity to inhibit active efflux was determined. ATP quantification and membrane potential analysis were performed. Intracellular activity was studied on human-monocyte-derived macrophages. RESULTS UPAR-174 is an efflux inhibitor active against replicating, nonreplicating and intracellular M. tuberculosis. It dissipates the membrane potential and causes ATP depletion. CONCLUSION Targeting M. tuberculosis with lipophilic efflux inhibitors, exploring their dual activity - dissipation of the proton motive force and efflux inhibition - represents an attractive strategy to fight against drug-resistant tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Machado
- Global Health & Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elisa Azzali
- P4T group, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Parma, Italy.,Aptuit (Verona) Srl, an Evotec Company, Via Alessandro Fleming, 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Isabel Couto
- Global Health & Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gabriele Costantino
- P4T group, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Pieroni
- P4T group, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, Parma, Italy
| | - Miguel Viveiros
- Global Health & Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisboa, Portugal
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Genetics and roadblocks of drug resistant tuberculosis. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 72:113-130. [PMID: 30261266 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Considering the extensive evolutionary history of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, anti-Tuberculosis (TB) drug therapy exerts a recent selective pressure. However, in a microorganism devoid of horizontal gene transfer and with a strictly clonal populational structure such as M. tuberculosis the usual, but not sole, path to overcome drug susceptibility is through de novo mutations on a relatively strict set of genes. The possible allelic diversity that can be associated with drug resistance through several mechanisms such as target alteration or target overexpression, will dictate how these genes can become associated with drug resistance. The success demonstrated by this pathogenic microbe in this latter process and its ability to spread is currently one of the major obstacles to an effective TB elimination. This article reviews the action mechanism of the more important anti-TB drugs, including bedaquiline and delamanid, along with new findings on specific resistance mechanisms. With the development, validation and endorsement of new in vitro molecular tests for drug resistance, knowledge on these resistance mechanisms and microevolutionary dynamics leading to the emergence and fixation of drug resistance mutations within the host is highly important. Additionally, the fitness toll imposed by resistance development is also herein discussed together with known compensatory mechanisms. By elucidating the possible mechanisms that enable one strain to reacquire the original fitness levels, it will be theoretically possible to make more informed decisions and develop novel strategies that can force M. tuberculosis microevolutionary trajectory down through a path of decreasing fitness levels.
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Assessment of the Additional Value of Verapamil to a Moxifloxacin and Linezolid Combination Regimen in a Murine Tuberculosis Model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.01354-18. [PMID: 29987154 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01354-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The favorable treatment outcome rate for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is only 54%, and therefore new drug regimens are urgently needed. In this study, we evaluated the activity of the combination of moxifloxacin and linezolid as a possible new MDR-TB regimen in a murine TB model and the value of the addition of the efflux pump inhibitor verapamil to this backbone. BALB/c mice were infected with drug-sensitive Mycobacterium tuberculosis and were treated with human-equivalent doses of moxifloxacin (200 mg/kg of body weight) and linezolid (100 mg/kg) with or without verapamil (12.5 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. Pharmacokinetic parameters were collected during treatment at the steady state. After 12 weeks of treatment, a statistically significant decline in mycobacterial load in the lungs was observed with the moxifloxacin-linezolid regimen with and without verapamil (5.9 and 5.0 log CFU, respectively), but sterilization was not achieved yet. The spleens of all mice were culture negative after 12 weeks of treatment with both treatment modalities, and the addition of verapamil caused a significant reduction in relapse (14/14 positive spleens without versus 9/15 with verapamil, P = 0.017). In conclusion, treatment with a combination regimen of moxifloxacin and linezolid showed a strong decline in mycobacterial load in the mice. The addition of verapamil to this backbone had a modest additional effect in terms of reducing mycobacterial load in the lung as well as reducing the spleen relapse rate. These results warrant further studies on the role of efflux pump inhibition in improving the efficacy of MDR-TB backbone regimens.
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Hegeto LA, Caleffi-Ferracioli KR, Perez de Souza J, Almeida ALD, Nakamura de Vasconcelos SS, Barros ILE, Canezin PH, Campanerut-Sá PAZ, Scodro RBDL, Siqueira VLD, Teixeira JJV, Cardoso RF. Promising Antituberculosis Activity of Piperine Combined with Antimicrobials: A Systematic Review. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 25:120-126. [PMID: 30096263 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Piperine, a bioactive compound from Piper nigrum and Piper longum, has shown promising activity as efflux pump (EP) inhibitor and as adjunct in treatment of tuberculosis (TB). The present systematic review investigated scientific studies of the activity of piperine against mycobacteria, with a focus on its mechanism of action, drug interactions, and antimycobacterial activity. A broad and rigorous literature search of three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and LILACS) was performed according to the PRISMA statement. We considered studies that were published up to December 1, 2017. Google Scholar was also searched to increase the number of publications. We searched for articles using the search terms "piperine" and "Mycobacterium spp." The search yielded a total of 225 articles. After removing duplicate publications, 208 publications remained. Of these, we evaluated the full text of 13 articles. After applying the inclusion criteria, eight studies were included in the present systematic review. The results of the systematic review showed that piperine has promising anti-TB activity, mainly when combined with antimicrobials, and plays an important role as an EP inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laíse Adriane Hegeto
- 1 Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringa , Maringa, Brazil
| | - Katiany R Caleffi-Ferracioli
- 2 Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa , Maringa, Brazil
- 3 Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, State University of Maringa , Maringa, Brazil
| | - JoãoVitor Perez de Souza
- 3 Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, State University of Maringa , Maringa, Brazil
| | - Aryadne Larissa de Almeida
- 3 Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, State University of Maringa , Maringa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pedro Henrique Canezin
- 1 Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringa , Maringa, Brazil
| | | | - Regiane Bertin de Lima Scodro
- 1 Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringa , Maringa, Brazil
- 2 Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa , Maringa, Brazil
| | - Vera Lucia Dias Siqueira
- 2 Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa , Maringa, Brazil
- 3 Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, State University of Maringa , Maringa, Brazil
| | - Jorge Juarez Vieira Teixeira
- 1 Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringa , Maringa, Brazil
- 2 Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa , Maringa, Brazil
- 3 Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, State University of Maringa , Maringa, Brazil
| | - Rosilene Fressatti Cardoso
- 1 Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Maringa , Maringa, Brazil
- 2 Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa , Maringa, Brazil
- 3 Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, State University of Maringa , Maringa, Brazil
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Machado D, Antunes J, Simões A, Perdigão J, Couto I, McCusker M, Martins M, Portugal I, Pacheco T, Batista J, Toscano C, Viveiros M. Contribution of efflux to colistin heteroresistance in a multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolate. J Med Microbiol 2018; 67:740-749. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Machado
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jéssica Antunes
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Simões
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisboa, Portugal
- Present address: Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Perdigão
- iMed.ULisboa, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Couto
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Matthew McCusker
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marta Martins
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Isabel Portugal
- iMed.ULisboa, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa Pacheco
- Serviço de Patologia Clínica, Laboratório de Microbiologia Clínica e Biologia Molecular – Hospital de Egas Moniz – Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Judite Batista
- Serviço de Patologia Clínica, Laboratório de Microbiologia Clínica e Biologia Molecular – Hospital de Egas Moniz – Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina Toscano
- Serviço de Patologia Clínica, Laboratório de Microbiologia Clínica e Biologia Molecular – Hospital de Egas Moniz – Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Viveiros
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisboa, Portugal
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Pacífico C, Fernandes P, de Carvalho CCCR. Mycobacterial Response to Organic Solvents and Possible Implications on Cross-Resistance With Antimicrobial Agents. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:961. [PMID: 29867865 PMCID: PMC5962743 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium vaccae, a bacterium found in soil, has been receiving attention as adjuvant to antituberculosis treatment, vaccines and immunotherapies and even as antidepressant. This bacterium is also able to degrade several pollutants, including aromatic compounds. The increasing presence of organic solvents in the environment may lead to M. vaccae adapted populations. A possible relationship between solvent tolerance and decreased susceptibility to other types of chemicals, including antibiotics, may pose a problem during opportunistic infections. The present study thus aimed at assessing if solvent adapted cells presented higher tolerance to antibiotics and efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs). M. vaccae cells were able to thrive and grow in the presence of up 20% (v/v) glycerol, 5% (v/v) ethanol, 1% (v/v) methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and 0.1% (v/v) toluene. During adaptation to increasing concentration of ethanol and MTBE, the cells changed their fatty acid profile, zeta potential and morphology. Adapted cells acquired an improved tolerance toward the EPIs thioridazine and omeprazole, but became more susceptible to the antibiotics levofloxacin and teicoplanin when compared with non-adapted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Pacífico
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Fernandes
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering, Universidade Lusófona, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla C. C. R. de Carvalho
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Hegeto LA, Caleffi-Ferracioli KR, Nakamura-Vasconcelos SS, Almeida ALD, Baldin VP, Nakamura CV, Siqueira VLD, Scodro RBL, Cardoso RF. In vitro combinatory activity of piperine and anti-tuberculosis drugs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 111:35-40. [PMID: 30029912 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an important public health problem worldwide and the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB worsened the global context. The resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB, can partially derive from efflux pumps (EPs) activity in plasma membrane. Due to the recent discovery of piperine (PIP), an organic alkaloid compound, increasing the bioavailability of various drugs, the current assay evaluated the combined activity of PIP and anti-TB drugs in susceptible and resistant M. tuberculosis clinical isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentrations for isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, streptomycin and PIP were determined by resazurin microtiter assay and the combined effects of anti-TB drugs with PIP determined by resazurin drug combination microtiter assay and time-kill curve. The efflux pump inhibitor activity of PIP was determined by bromide accumulation assay and cytotoxicity carried out in VERO cells and J774. A1 macrophages. PIP showed to have EPI activity and RIF + PIP and SM + PIP combinations showed synergistic effect, but low effect in enhancing the killing in M. tuberculosis H37Rv and in the clinical isolates studied, which had different resistance profiles. Future studies are needed to further clarify the importance of PIP as an adjunctive drug in the therapy against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laíse Adriane Hegeto
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil; Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Katiany R Caleffi-Ferracioli
- Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil.
| | - Sandra S Nakamura-Vasconcelos
- Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Aryadne Larissa de Almeida
- Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pietrowski Baldin
- Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | | | - Vera Lúcia D Siqueira
- Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Regiane B L Scodro
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil; Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Rosilene Fressatti Cardoso
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil; Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
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Verapamil Targets Membrane Energetics in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.02107-17. [PMID: 29463541 PMCID: PMC5923092 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02107-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis kills more people than any other bacterial pathogen and is becoming increasingly untreatable due to the emergence of resistance. Verapamil, an FDA-approved calcium channel blocker, potentiates the effect of several antituberculosis (anti-TB) drugs in vitro and in vivo. This potentiation is widely attributed to inhibition of the efflux pumps of M. tuberculosis, resulting in intrabacterial drug accumulation. Here, we confirmed and quantified verapamil's synergy with several anti-TB drugs, including bedaquiline (BDQ) and clofazimine (CFZ), but found that the effect is not due to increased intrabacterial drug accumulation. We show that, consistent with its in vitro potentiating effects on anti-TB drugs that target or require oxidative phosphorylation, the cationic amphiphile verapamil disrupts membrane function and induces a membrane stress response similar to those seen with other membrane-active agents. We recapitulated these activities in vitro using inverted mycobacterial membrane vesicles, indicating a direct effect of verapamil on membrane energetics. We observed bactericidal activity against nonreplicating “persister” M. tuberculosis that was consistent with such a mechanism of action. In addition, we demonstrated a pharmacokinetic interaction whereby human-equivalent doses of verapamil caused a boost of rifampin exposure in mice, providing a potential explanation for the observed treatment-shortening effect of verapamil in mice receiving first-line drugs. Our findings thus elucidate the mechanistic basis for verapamil's potentiation of anti-TB drugs in vitro and in vivo and highlight a previously unrecognized role for the membrane of M. tuberculosis as a pharmacologic target.
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Alnajjar LM, Bulatova NR, Darwish RM. Evaluation of four calcium channel blockers as fluconazole resistance inhibitors in Candida glabrata. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 14:185-189. [PMID: 29665423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of four calcium channel blockers (CCBs), namely verapamil, diltiazem, nicardipine (NIC) and nifedipine (NIF), to enhance the susceptibility of Candida glabrata strains to fluconazole (FLC). METHODS Synergistic antifungal effects of the CCBs with FLC were examined by the chequerboard method, and fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIs) were determined. The time-kill curve method was used for the most promising combination to further evaluate the synergetic effects. RESULTS NIC showed an additive effect with FLC against FLC-resistant and FLC-susceptible-dose-dependent strains (DSY 565 and CBS 138) known to express efflux pumps, but not against FLC-susceptible strains. NIF exhibited an additive effect with FLC both by the chequerboard method (0.5<FICI<1) and time-kill curves (<2 log10 CFU/mL decrease in viable count). In addition, NIF had its own antifungal effect consistently against most of the strains used in this study, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 8μg/mL. CONCLUSIONS NIC showed an additive effect with FLC against FLC-resistant C. glabrata strains, most probably via efflux pump inhibition as demonstrated selectively in FLC-resistant strains with known efflux pumps. NIF displayed a promising antifungal effect alone as well as an additive effect with FLC against most of the strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina M Alnajjar
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, 11942 Amman, Jordan
| | - Nailya R Bulatova
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, 11942 Amman, Jordan.
| | - Rula M Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, 11942 Amman, Jordan
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Discovery of novel bacterial topoisomerase I inhibitors by use of in silico docking and in vitro assays. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1437. [PMID: 29362471 PMCID: PMC5780498 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19944-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Topoisomerases are important targets for antibacterial and anticancer therapies. Bacterial topoisomerase I remains to be exploited for antibiotics that can be used in the clinic. Inhibitors of bacterial topoisomerase I may provide leads for novel antibacterial drugs against pathogens resistant to current antibiotics. TB is the leading infectious cause of death worldwide, and new TB drugs against an alternative target are urgently needed to overcome multi-drug resistance. Mycobacterium tuberculosis topoisomerase I (MtbTopI) has been validated genetically and chemically as a TB drug target. Here we conducted in silico screening targeting an active site pocket of MtbTopI. The top hits were assayed for inhibition of MtbTopI activity. The shared structural motif found in the active hits was utilized in a second round of in silico screening and in vitro assays, yielding selective inhibitors of MtbTopI with IC50s as low as 2 µM. Growth inhibition of Mycobacterium smegmatis by these compounds in combination with an efflux pump inhibitor was diminished by the overexpression of recombinant MtbTopI. This work demonstrates that in silico screening can be utilized to discover new bacterial topoisomerase I inhibitors, and identifies a novel structural motif which could be explored further for finding selective bacterial topoisomerase I inhibitors.
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Costa SS, Lopes E, Azzali E, Machado D, Coelho T, da Silva PEA, Viveiros M, Pieroni M, Couto I. An Experimental Model for the Rapid Screening of Compounds with Potential Use Against Mycobacteria. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2017; 14:524-534. [PMID: 27845849 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2016.752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other mycobacteria are major challenges for global public health. Particularly worrisome are infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, which are increasingly difficult to treat because of the loss of efficacy of the current antibacterial agents, a problem that continues to escalate worldwide. There has been a limited interest and investment on the development of new antibacterial agents in the past decades. This has led to the current situation, in which there is an urgent demand for innovative therapeutic alternatives to fight infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens, such as multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. The identification of compounds that can act as adjuvants in antimycobacterial therapeutic regimens is an appealing strategy to restore the efficacy lost by some of the antibiotics currently used and shorten the duration of the therapeutic regimen. In this work, by setting Mycobacterium smegmatis as a model organism, we have developed a methodological strategy to identify, in a fast and simple approach, compounds with antimycobacterial activity or with potential adjuvant properties, by either inhibition of efflux or other unrelated mechanisms. Such an approach may increase the rate of identification of promising molecules, to be further explored in pathogenic models for their potential use either as antimicrobials or as adjuvants, in combination with available therapeutic regimens for the treatment of mycobacterial infections. This method allowed us to identify a new molecule that shows promising activity as an efflux inhibitor in M. smegmatis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Santos Costa
- 1 Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elizeth Lopes
- 1 Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elisa Azzali
- 2 P4T group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma , Parma, Italy
| | - Diana Machado
- 1 Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tatiane Coelho
- 3 Núcleo de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande , Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Pedro Eduardo Almeida da Silva
- 3 Núcleo de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande , Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Miguel Viveiros
- 1 Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marco Pieroni
- 2 P4T group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma , Parma, Italy
| | - Isabel Couto
- 1 Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
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47
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Azzali E, Machado D, Kaushik A, Vacondio F, Flisi S, Cabassi CS, Lamichhane G, Viveiros M, Costantino G, Pieroni M. Substituted N-Phenyl-5-(2-(phenylamino)thiazol-4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamides Are Valuable Antitubercular Candidates that Evade Innate Efflux Machinery. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7108-7122. [PMID: 28749666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world, and the increased number of multidrug-resistant and extremely drug-resistant strains is a significant reason for concern. This makes the discovery of novel antitubercular agents a cogent priority. We have previously addressed this need by reporting a series of substituted 2-aminothiazoles capable to inhibit the growth of actively replicating, nonreplicating persistent, and resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Clues from the structure-activity relationships lining up the antitubercular activity were exploited for the rational design of improved analogues. Two compounds, namely N-phenyl-5-(2-(p-tolylamino)thiazol-4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide 7a and N-(pyridin-2-yl)-5-(2-(p-tolylamino)thiazol-4-yl)isoxazole-3-carboxamide 8a, were found to show high inhibitory activity toward susceptible M. tuberculosis strains, with an MIC90 of 0.125-0.25 μg/mL (0.33-0.66 μM) and 0.06-0.125 μg/mL (0.16-0.32 μM), respectively. Moreover, they maintained good activity also toward resistant strains, and they were selective over other bacterial species and eukaryotic cells, metabolically stable, and apparently not susceptible to the action of efflux pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Azzali
- Centro Interdipartimentale Misure (CIM) 'G. Casnati', University of Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 23/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Diana Machado
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL , Rua da Junqueira, 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Amit Kaushik
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , 1503 East Jefferson Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21231-1002, United States.,Taskforce to Study Resistance Emergence & Antimicrobial development Technology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | | | - Sara Flisi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma , via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Clotilde Silvia Cabassi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma , via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Gyanu Lamichhane
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , 1503 East Jefferson Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21231-1002, United States.,Taskforce to Study Resistance Emergence & Antimicrobial development Technology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Miguel Viveiros
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL , Rua da Junqueira, 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
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48
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Te Brake LHM, de Knegt GJ, de Steenwinkel JE, van Dam TJP, Burger DM, Russel FGM, van Crevel R, Koenderink JB, Aarnoutse RE. The Role of Efflux Pumps in Tuberculosis Treatment and Their Promise as a Target in Drug Development: Unraveling the Black Box. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 58:271-291. [PMID: 28715978 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010617-052438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Insight into drug transport mechanisms is highly relevant to the efficacious treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Major problems in TB treatment are related to the transport of antituberculosis (anti-TB) drugs across human and mycobacterial membranes, affecting the concentrations of these drugs systemically and locally. Firstly, transporters located in the intestines, liver, and kidneys all determine the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-TB drugs, with a high risk of drug-drug interactions in the setting of concurrent use of antimycobacterial, antiretroviral, and antidiabetic agents. Secondly, human efflux transporters limit the penetration of anti-TB drugs into the brain and cerebrospinal fluid, which is especially important in the treatment of TB meningitis. Finally, efflux transporters located in the macrophage and Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell membranes play a pivotal role in the emergence of phenotypic tolerance and drug resistance, respectively. We review the role of efflux transporters in TB drug disposition and evaluate the promise of efflux pump inhibition from a novel holistic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey H M Te Brake
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjo J de Knegt
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan E de Steenwinkel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teunis J P van Dam
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David M Burger
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Frans G M Russel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Reinout van Crevel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan B Koenderink
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob E Aarnoutse
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
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49
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Machado D, Coelho TS, Perdigão J, Pereira C, Couto I, Portugal I, Maschmann RDA, Ramos DF, von Groll A, Rossetti MLR, Silva PA, Viveiros M. Interplay between Mutations and Efflux in Drug Resistant Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:711. [PMID: 28496433 PMCID: PMC5406451 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies show efflux as a universal bacterial mechanism contributing to antibiotic resistance and also that the activity of the antibiotics subject to efflux can be enhanced by the combined use of efflux inhibitors. Nevertheless, the contribution of efflux to the overall drug resistance levels of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is poorly understood and still is ignored by many. Here, we evaluated the contribution of drug efflux plus target-gene mutations to the drug resistance levels in clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis. A panel of 17 M. tuberculosis clinical strains were characterized for drug resistance associated mutations and antibiotic profiles in the presence and absence of efflux inhibitors. The correlation between the effect of the efflux inhibitors and the resistance levels was assessed by quantitative drug susceptibility testing. The bacterial growth/survival vs. growth inhibition was analyzed through the comparison between the time of growth in the presence and absence of an inhibitor. For the same mutation conferring antibiotic resistance, different MICs were observed and the different resistance levels found could be reduced by efflux inhibitors. Although susceptibility was not restored, the results demonstrate the existence of a broad-spectrum synergistic interaction between antibiotics and efflux inhibitors. The existence of efflux activity was confirmed by real-time fluorometry. Moreover, the efflux pump genes mmr, mmpL7, Rv1258c, p55, and efpA were shown to be overexpressed in the presence of antibiotics, demonstrating the contribution of these efflux pumps to the overall resistance phenotype of the M. tuberculosis clinical isolates studied, independently of the genotype of the strains. These results showed that the drug resistance levels of multi- and extensively-drug resistant M. tuberculosis clinical strains are a combination between drug efflux and the presence of target-gene mutations, a reality that is often disregarded by the tuberculosis specialists in favor of the almost undisputed importance of antibiotic target-gene mutations for the resistance in M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Machado
- Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de LisboaLisboa, Portugal
| | - Tatiane S. Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio GrandePorto Alegre, Brazil
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio GrandePorto Alegre, Brazil
| | - João Perdigão
- iMed.ULisboa, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de LisboaLisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pereira
- iMed.ULisboa, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de LisboaLisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Couto
- Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de LisboaLisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Portugal
- iMed.ULisboa, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de LisboaLisboa, Portugal
| | - Raquel De Abreu Maschmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio GrandePorto Alegre, Brazil
- Fundação Estadual de Produção e Pesquisa em Saúde, Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoPorto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniela F. Ramos
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio GrandePorto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andrea von Groll
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio GrandePorto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria L. R. Rossetti
- Fundação Estadual de Produção e Pesquisa em Saúde, Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoPorto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde, Universidade Luterana do BrasilCanoas, Brazil
| | - Pedro A. Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio GrandePorto Alegre, Brazil
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio GrandePorto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Miguel Viveiros
- Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de LisboaLisboa, Portugal
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50
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Machado D, Fernandes L, Costa SS, Cannalire R, Manfroni G, Tabarrini O, Couto I, Sabatini S, Viveiros M. Mode of action of the 2-phenylquinoline efflux inhibitor PQQ4R against Escherichia coli. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3168. [PMID: 28516003 PMCID: PMC5433425 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Efflux pump inhibitors are of great interest since their use as adjuvants of bacterial chemotherapy can increase the intracellular concentrations of the antibiotics and assist in the battle against the rising of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In this work, we have described the mode of action of the 2-phenylquinoline efflux inhibitor (4-(2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethoxy)-2-(4-propoxyphenyl) quinolone - PQQ4R), against Escherichia coli, by studding its efflux inhibitory ability, its synergistic activity in combination with antibiotics, and compared its effects with the inhibitors phenyl-arginine-β-naphthylamide (PAβN) and chlorpromazine (CPZ). The results showed that PQQ4R acts synergistically, in a concentration dependent manner, with antibiotics known to be subject to efflux in E. coli reducing their MIC in correlation with the inhibition of their efflux. Real-time fluorometry assays demonstrated that PQQ4R at sub-inhibitory concentrations promote the intracellular accumulation of ethidium bromide inhibiting its efflux similarly to PAβN or CPZ, well-known and described efflux pump inhibitors for Gram-negative bacteria and whose clinical usage is limited by their levels of toxicity at clinical and bacteriological effective concentrations. The time-kill studies showed that PQQ4R, at bactericidal concentrations, has a rapid antimicrobial activity associated with a fast decrease of the intracellular ATP levels. The results also indicated that the mode of action of PQQ4R involves the destabilization of the E. coli inner membrane potential and ATP production impairment, ultimately leading to efflux pump inhibition by interference with the energy required by the efflux systems. At bactericidal concentrations, membrane permeabilization increases and finally ATP is totally depleted leading to cell death. Since drug resistance mediated by the activity of efflux pumps depends largely on the proton motive force (PMF), dissipaters of PMF such as PQQ4R, can be regarded as future adjuvants of conventional therapy against E. coli and other Gram-negative bacteria, especially their multidrug resistant forms. Their major limitation is the high toxicity for human cells at the concentrations needed to be effective against bacteria. Their future molecular optimization to improve the efflux inhibitory properties and reduce relative toxicity will optimize their potential for clinical usage against multi-drug resistant bacterial infections due to efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Machado
- Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Laura Fernandes
- Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Lisboa, Portugal
- Current affiliation: Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular Veterinário GeneVet, Algés, Portugal
| | - Sofia S. Costa
- Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rolando Cannalire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitá degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Manfroni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitá degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitá degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Isabel Couto
- Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Stefano Sabatini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitá degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Miguel Viveiros
- Unidade de Microbiologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Lisboa, Portugal
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