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Yang J, Wang Y, Hou Y, Sun M, Xia T, Wu X. Evasion of host defense by Brucella. CELL INSIGHT 2024; 3:100143. [PMID: 38250017 PMCID: PMC10797155 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2023.100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Brucella , an adept intracellular pathogen, causes brucellosis, a zoonotic disease leading to significant global impacts on animal welfare and the economy. Regrettably, there is currently no approved and effective vaccine for human use. The ability of Brucella to evade host defenses is essential for establishing chronic infection and ensuring stable intracellular growth. Brucella employs various mechanisms to evade and undermine the innate and adaptive immune responses of the host through modulating the activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), inflammatory responses, or the activation of immune cells like dendritic cells (DCs) to inhibit antigen presentation. Moreover, it regulates multiple cellular processes such as apoptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy to establish persistent infection within host cells. This review summarizes the recently discovered mechanisms employed by Brucella to subvert host immune responses and research progress on vaccines, with the aim of advancing our understanding of brucellosis and facilitating the development of more effective vaccines and therapeutic approaches against Brucella .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinke Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuanpan Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Mengyao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tian Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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2
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Kwon SJ, Lee J, Lee HS. Metabolic changes of the acetogen Clostridium sp. AWRP through adaptation to acetate challenge. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:982442. [PMID: 36569090 PMCID: PMC9768041 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.982442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report the phenotypic changes that occurred in the acetogenic bacterium Clostridium sp. AWRP as a result of an adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) under the acetate challenge. Acetate-adapted strain 46 T-a displayed acetate tolerance to acetate up to 10 g L-1 and increased ethanol production in small-scale cultures. The adapted strain showed a higher cell density than AWRP even without exogenous acetate supplementation. 46 T-a was shown to have reduced gas consumption rate and metabolite production. It was intriguing to note that 46 T-a, unlike AWRP, continued to consume H2 at low CO2 levels. Genome sequencing revealed that the adapted strain harbored three point mutations in the genes encoding an electron-bifurcating hydrogenase (Hyt) crucial for autotrophic growth in CO2 + H2, in addition to one in the dnaK gene. Transcriptome analysis revealed that most genes involved in the CO2-fixation Wood-Ljungdahl pathway and auxiliary pathways for energy conservation (e.g., Rnf complex, Nfn, etc.) were significantly down-regulated in 46 T-a. Several metabolic pathways involved in dissimilation of nucleosides and carbohydrates were significantly up-regulated in 46 T-a, indicating that 46 T-a evolved to utilize organic substrates rather than CO2 + H2. Further investigation into degeneration in carbon fixation of the acetate-adapted strain will provide practical implications for CO2 + H2 fermentation using acetogenic bacteria for long-term continuous fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jae Kwon
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, South Korea,Department of Marine Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Joungmin Lee
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, South Korea,*Correspondence: Joungmin Lee,
| | - Hyun Sook Lee
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, South Korea,Department of Marine Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea,Hyun Sook Lee,
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3
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Heidary M, Dashtbin S, Ghanavati R, Mahdizade Ari M, Bostanghadiri N, Darbandi A, Navidifar T, Talebi M. Evaluation of Brucellosis Vaccines: A Comprehensive Review. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:925773. [PMID: 35923818 PMCID: PMC9339783 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.925773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonosis caused by Brucella spp. which can lead to heavy economic losses and severe human diseases. Thus, controlling brucellosis is very important. Due to humans easily gaining brucellosis from animals, animal brucellosis control programs can help the eradication of human brucellosis. There are two popular vaccines against animal brucellosis. Live attenuated Brucella abortus strain 19 (S19 vaccine) is the first effective and most extensively used vaccine for the prevention of brucellosis in cattle. Live attenuated Brucella melitensis strain Rev.1 (Rev.1 vaccine) is the most effective vaccine against caprine and ovine brucellosis. Although these two vaccines provide good immunity for animals against brucellosis, the expense of persistent serological responses is one of the main problems of both vaccines. The advantages and limitations of Brucella vaccines, especially new vaccine candidates, have been less studied. In addition, there is an urgent need for new strategies to control and eradicate this disease. Therefore, this narrative review aims to present an updated overview of the available different types of brucellosis vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Heidary
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Shirin Dashtbin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Ghanavati
- School of Paramedical Sciences, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Marzie Mahdizade Ari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narjess Bostanghadiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Darbandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Malihe Talebi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Malihe Talebi
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4
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Yan Y, Sun L, Xing X, Wu H, Lu X, Zhang W, Xu J, Ren Q. Microbial succession and exploration of higher alcohols-producing core bacteria in northern Huangjiu fermentation. AMB Express 2022; 12:79. [PMID: 35716260 PMCID: PMC9206695 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Higher alcohols (HAs) are abundant compounds that provide important flavors in Huangjiu, but they also cause hangover. Previous studies have shown the production of HAs to be related to yeast, but the correlations between HAs and other microorganisms are rarely reported. In this study, we detected changes in levels of HAs and microbial dynamics during the Huangjiu fermentation process. Relationships were characterized using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The functional core HA-producing bacteria were selected by bidirectional orthogonal partial least squares (O2PLS). The result showed that 2-methyl-1-propanol, phenethyl alcohol and 3-methyl-1-butanol were the principle HAs present at high levels. Lactococcus and Saccharomyces were predominant at the genus level of bacteria and fungi, respectively. A total of 684 correlations between HAs and microorganisms were established. Five genera were screened as functional core HA-producing bacteria. Our findings might provide some new inspiration for controlling the content of HAs, enhancing international prestige and market expansion of Huangjiu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yan
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Leping Sun
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xuan Xing
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Huijun Wu
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jialiang Xu
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Qing Ren
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing, 100048, China.
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5
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Xiong X, Li B, Zhou Z, Gu G, Li M, Liu J, Jiao H. The VirB System Plays a Crucial Role in Brucella Intracellular Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413637. [PMID: 34948430 PMCID: PMC8707931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a highly prevalent zoonotic disease caused by Brucella. Brucella spp. are gram-negative facultative intracellular parasitic bacteria. Its intracellular survival and replication depend on a functional virB system, an operon encoded by VirB1–VirB12. Type IV secretion system (T4SS) encoded by the virB operon is an important virulence factor of Brucella. It can subvert cellular pathway and induce host immune response by secreting effectors, which promotes Brucella replication in host cells and induce persistent infection. Therefore, this paper summarizes the function and significance of the VirB system, focusing on the structure of the VirB system where VirB T4SS mediates biogenesis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived replicative Brucella-containing vacuole (rBCV), the effectors of T4SS and the cellular pathways it subverts, which will help better understand the pathogenic mechanism of Brucella and provide new ideas for clinical vaccine research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xiong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (X.X.); (B.L.); (Z.Z.); (G.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Bowen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (X.X.); (B.L.); (Z.Z.); (G.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Zhixiong Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (X.X.); (B.L.); (Z.Z.); (G.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Guojing Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (X.X.); (B.L.); (Z.Z.); (G.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Mengjuan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (X.X.); (B.L.); (Z.Z.); (G.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Jun Liu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yujinxiang Street 573, Changchun 130122, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (H.J.)
| | - Hanwei Jiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (X.X.); (B.L.); (Z.Z.); (G.G.); (M.L.)
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing 402460, China
- Veterinary Scientific Engineering Research Center, Chongqing 402460, China
- Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (H.J.)
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Ahmad M, Ling J, Yang Q, Sajjad W, Zhou W, Yin J, Dong J. Insight into Bacterial Community Responses to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and the Degradation Potentials of Three Bacterial Isolates in Seagrass Halophila ovalis Sediments. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:4084-4097. [PMID: 34687349 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02670-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Seagrass meadows constitute a prestigious ecosystem in the marine environment, providing valuable ecological and commercial services. Among the various causes, pollutions are considered one of the significant reasons for seagrass decline globally. This study investigates the impacts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons mixture (pyrene, phenanthrene, and fluorene) on bacterial communities in Halophila ovalis sediments. The seagrass sediment bacterial microbiome was evaluated in a batch culture experiment by Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Culture-able bacterial strains were isolated and characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results demonstrated an excellent alpha diversity in the original sediments with a Shannon index of (8.078) compared to the subsequent control group (5.908) and PAH-treated group (PAH-T) (4.916). Three phyla, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes, were detected in high abundance in the control and PAH-T groups. However, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed at the genus level between control and PAH-T group bacterial consortia. Pseudomonas, Mycobacterium, Idiomarina, Hydrogenophaga, Alteromonas, Sphingobacterium, and several others were highly abundant in PAH-T groups. Most of the culture-able isolates recovered in this study showed the closest resemblance to previously identified hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria. Among the three strains, Mix-16 (Citricoccus yambaruensis) and Mix-20 (Gordonia rubripertincta) showed a higher degradation of PAHs than Mix-19 (Isoptericola halotolerans) in the monoculture experiment. The most increased degradation of PAHs was recorded in the co-culture experiment. The present work revealed that PAHs could act as environmental stress and can influence bacterial community succession. Moreover, the co-culture strategy significantly enhanced the biodegradation of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzoor Ahmad
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya, 572000, China.,Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 511458, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Juan Ling
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China. .,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya, 572000, China. .,Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China. .,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 511458, China.
| | - Qingsong Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya, 572000, China.,Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Wasim Sajjad
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Weiguo Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya, 572000, China.,Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Jianping Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Junde Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China. .,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya, 572000, China. .,Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China. .,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 511458, China.
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7
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Yan X, Hu S, Yang Y, Xu D, Liu W, Li G, Cai W, Bu Z. Proteomics Investigation of the Time Course Responses of RAW264.7 Macrophages to Infections With the Wild-Type and Twin-Arginine Translocation Mutant Strains of Brucella melitensis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:679571. [PMID: 34195100 PMCID: PMC8238042 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.679571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella, a notorious intracellular pathogen, causes chronic infections in many mammals, including humans. The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway transports folded proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane; protein substrates translocated by Brucella include ABC transporters, oxidoreductases, and cell envelope biosynthesis proteins. Previously, we showed that a Tat mutant of Brucella melitensis M28 exhibits reduced survival within murine macrophages. In this study, we compared the host responses elicited by wild-type M28 and its Tat-mutant strains ex vivo. We utilized label-free quantitative proteomics to assess proteomic changes in RAW264.7 macrophages after infection with M28 and its Tat mutants. A total of 6085 macrophage proteins were identified with high confidence, and 79, 50, and 99 proteins were differentially produced upon infection with the Tat mutant at 4, 24, and 48 hpi, respectively, relative to the wild-type infection. Gene ontology and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that immune response-related proteins were enriched among the upregulated proteins. Compared to the wild-type M28 infection, the most upregulated proteins upon Tat-mutant infection included the cytosolic nucleic acid signaling pathway-related proteins IFIH1, DHX58, IFI202, IFI204, and ISG15 and the NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins PTGS2, CD40, and TRAF1, suggesting that the host increases the production of these proteins in response to Tat mutant infection. Upregulation of some proteins was further verified by a parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) assay. ELISA and qRT-PCR assays indicated that Tat mutant infection significantly induced proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α and IL-6) and nitric oxide (NO) production. Finally, we showed that the Tat mutant displays higher sensitivity to nitrosative stress than the wild type and that treatment with the NO synthase inhibitor L-NMMA significantly increases the intracellular survival of the Tat mutant, indicating that NO production contributes to restricting Tat mutant survival within macrophages. Collectively, this work improves our understanding of host immune responses to Tat mutants and provides insights into the mechanisms underlying the attenuated virulence of Tat mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Sen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Da Xu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wenxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ganwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Wentong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhigao Bu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
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8
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Roop RM, Barton IS, Hopersberger D, Martin DW. Uncovering the Hidden Credentials of Brucella Virulence. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2021; 85:e00021-19. [PMID: 33568459 PMCID: PMC8549849 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00021-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria in the genus Brucella are important human and veterinary pathogens. The abortion and infertility they cause in food animals produce economic hardships in areas where the disease has not been controlled, and human brucellosis is one of the world's most common zoonoses. Brucella strains have also been isolated from wildlife, but we know much less about the pathobiology and epidemiology of these infections than we do about brucellosis in domestic animals. The brucellae maintain predominantly an intracellular lifestyle in their mammalian hosts, and their ability to subvert the host immune response and survive and replicate in macrophages and placental trophoblasts underlies their success as pathogens. We are just beginning to understand how these bacteria evolved from a progenitor alphaproteobacterium with an environmental niche and diverged to become highly host-adapted and host-specific pathogens. Two important virulence determinants played critical roles in this evolution: (i) a type IV secretion system that secretes effector molecules into the host cell cytoplasm that direct the intracellular trafficking of the brucellae and modulate host immune responses and (ii) a lipopolysaccharide moiety which poorly stimulates host inflammatory responses. This review highlights what we presently know about how these and other virulence determinants contribute to Brucella pathogenesis. Gaining a better understanding of how the brucellae produce disease will provide us with information that can be used to design better strategies for preventing brucellosis in animals and for preventing and treating this disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Martin Roop
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ian S Barton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dariel Hopersberger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel W Martin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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9
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Li ZQ, Zhang JL, Xi L, Yang GL, Wang SL, Zhang XG, Zhang JB, Zhang H. Deletion of the transcriptional regulator GntR down regulated the expression of Genes Related to Virulence and Conferred Protection against Wild-Type Brucella Challenge in BALB/c Mice. Mol Immunol 2017; 92:99-105. [PMID: 29055858 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis, which is caused by Brucella spp., is a zoonotic infectious disease that can cause great hazard to public health and safety. The virulence of Brucella is essential for survive and multiply in host macrophages. GntR is a transcriptional regulator in Brucella that is required for virulence in macrophages and mice, and involved in resistance to stress responses. To determine the expression levels of target genes of GntR, we detected the expression levels of the GntR target genes in Brucella infected BALB/c mice. The results showed that several genes related to virulence, including omp25, virB1, vjbR, dnaK, htrA and hfq, were regulated by GntR during infection in BALB/c mice. Moreover, the 2308ΔgntR mutant induced high protective immunity in BALB/c mice challenge with B. abortus 2308 (S2308), and elicited an anti-Brucella-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) response and induced the secretion of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). All together, these results indicated that gntR promoted the virulence of Brucella. The 2308ΔgntR was significantly attenuated in macrophages and mice and induced protective immune response during infection, suggested that 2308ΔgntR mutant is an attractive candidate for the design of a live attenuated vaccine against Brucella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Li
- School of Biotechnology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, Henan Province, China
| | - Jin-Liang Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, Henan Province, China
| | - Li Xi
- School of Biotechnology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, Henan Province, China
| | - Guang-Li Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, Henan Province, China
| | - Shu-Li Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Gen Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, Henan Province, China
| | - Jun-Bo Zhang
- College of Biology, Agriculture and Forestry, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang Province, China.
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Bao Y, Tian M, Li P, Liu J, Ding C, Yu S. Characterization of Brucella abortus mutant strain Δ22915, a potential vaccine candidate. Vet Res 2017; 48:17. [PMID: 28376905 PMCID: PMC5381064 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-017-0422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis, caused by Brucella spp., is an important zoonosis worldwide. Vaccination is an effective strategy for protection against Brucella infection in livestock in developing countries and in wildlife in developed countries. However, current vaccine strains including S19 and RB51 are pathogenic to humans and pregnant animals, limiting their use. In this study, we constructed the Brucella abortus (B. abortus) S2308 mutant strain Δ22915, in which the putative lytic transglycosylase gene BAB_RS22915 was deleted. The biological properties of mutant strain Δ22915 were characterized and protection of mice against virulent S2308 challenge was evaluated. The mutant strain Δ22915 showed reduced survival within RAW264.7 cells and survival in vivo in mice. In addition, the mutant strain Δ22915 failed to escape fusion with lysosomes within host cells, and caused no observable pathological damage. RNA-seq analysis indicated that four genes associated with amino acid/nucleotide transport and metabolism were significantly upregulated in mutant strain Δ22915. Furthermore, inoculation of ∆22915 at 105 colony forming units induced effective host immune responses and long-term protection of BALB/c mice. Therefore, mutant strain ∆22915 could be used as a novel vaccine candidate in the future to protect animals against B. abortus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Bao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxing Tian
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Jiameng Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Shengqing Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
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Escalona E, Sáez D, Oñate A. Immunogenicity of a Multi-Epitope DNA Vaccine Encoding Epitopes from Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase and Open Reading Frames of Brucella abortus in Mice. Front Immunol 2017; 8:125. [PMID: 28232837 PMCID: PMC5298974 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease affecting several mammalian species that is transmitted to humans by direct or indirect contact with infected animals or their products. In cattle, brucellosis is almost invariably caused by Brucella abortus. Live, attenuated Brucella vaccines are commonly used to prevent illness in cattle, but can cause abortions in pregnant animals. It is, therefore, desirable to design an effective and safer vaccine against Brucella. We have used specific Brucella antigens that induce immunity and protection against B. abortus. A novel recombinant multi-epitope DNA vaccine specific for brucellosis was developed. To design the vaccine construct, we employed bioinformatics tools to predict epitopes present in Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase and in the open reading frames of the genomic island-3 (BAB1_0260, BAB1_0270, BAB1_0273, and BAB1_0278) of Brucella. We successfully designed a multi-epitope DNA plasmid vaccine chimera that encodes and expresses 21 epitopes. This DNA vaccine induced a specific humoral and cellular immune response in BALB/c mice. It induced a typical T-helper 1 response, eliciting production of immunoglobulin G2a and IFN-γ particularly associated with the Th1 cell subset of CD4+ T cells. The production of IL-4, an indicator of Th2 activation, was not detected in splenocytes. Therefore, it is reasonable to suggest that the vaccine induced a predominantly Th1 response. The vaccine induced a statistically significant level of protection in BALB/c mice when challenged with B. abortus 2308. This is the first use of an in silico strategy to a design a multi-epitope DNA vaccine against B. abortus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Escalona
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Darwin Sáez
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Angel Oñate
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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