1
|
Tsakem B, Tchamgoue J, Kinge RT, Tiani GLM, Teponno RB, Kouam SF. Diversity of African fungi, chemical constituents and biological activities. Fitoterapia 2024; 178:106154. [PMID: 39089594 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Besides plants and animals, the fungal kingdom consists of several species characterized by various forms and applications. Fungi are amazing producers of bioactive natural products with applications in medicine and agriculture. Though this kingdom has been extensively investigated worldwide, it remains relatively underexplored in Africa. To address the knowledge gaps, encourage research interest, and suggest opportunities for the discovery of more bioactive substances from African fungi, we considered it appropriate to extensively review the research work carried out on African fungi since 1988. This review summarizes the diversity and distribution of fungi throughout Africa, the secondary metabolites yet reported from studied fungi, their biological activities and, the countries where they were collected. The studied fungi originated from eleven African countries and were mainly endophytic fungi and higher fungi (macrofungi). Their investigation led to the isolation of five hundred and three (503) compounds with polyketides representing the main class of secondary metabolites. The compounds exhibited varied biological activities with antibacterial and antiproliferative properties being the most prominent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bienvenu Tsakem
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Joseph Tchamgoue
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Rosemary Tonjock Kinge
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39, Bambili, Cameroon
| | - Gesqiere Laure M Tiani
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Fundamental Science, University Institute for Wood Technology Mbalmayo, P.O. Box 306, Mbalmayo, Cameroon
| | - Rémy Bertrand Teponno
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Simeon F Kouam
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tomiyasu N, Takahashi M, Toyonaga K, Yamasaki S, Bamba T, Izumi Y. Efficient lipidomic approach for the discovery of lipid ligands for immune receptors by combining LC-HRMS/MS analysis with fractionation and reporter cell assay. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:5445-5456. [PMID: 38135762 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05111-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), which are pattern recognition receptors responsible for triggering innate immune responses, recognize damaged self-components and immunostimulatory lipids from pathogenic bacteria; however, several of their ligands remain unknown. Here, we propose a new analytical platform combining liquid chromatography-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry with microfractionation capability (LC-FRC-HRMS/MS) and a reporter cell assay for sensitive activity measurements to develop an efficient methodology for searching for lipid ligands of CLR from microbial trace samples (crude cell extracts of approximately 5 mg dry cell/mL). We also developed an in-house lipidomic library containing accurate mass and fragmentation patterns of more than 10,000 lipid molecules predicted in silico for 90 lipid subclasses and 35 acyl side chain fatty acids. Using the developed LC-FRC-HRMS/MS system, the lipid extracts of Helicobacter pylori were separated and fractionated, and HRMS and HRMS/MS spectra were obtained simultaneously. The fractionated lipid extract samples in 96-well plates were thereafter subjected to reporter cell assays using nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)-green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter cells expressing mouse or human macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle). A total of 102 lipid molecules from all fractions were annotated using an in-house lipidomic library. Furthermore, a fraction that exhibited significant activity in the NFAT-GFP reporter cell assay contained α-cholesteryl glucoside, a type of glycolipid, which was successfully identified as a lipid ligand molecule for Mincle. Our analytical platform has the potential to be a useful tool for efficient discovery of lipid ligands for immunoreceptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Tomiyasu
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masatomo Takahashi
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Metabolomics/Mass Spectrometry Center, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Toyonaga
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Section of Infection Biology, Department of Functional Bioscience, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Metabolomics/Mass Spectrometry Center, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
- Division of Metabolomics/Mass Spectrometry Center, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Di X, Li P, Wang J, Nowak V, Zhi S, Jin M, Liu L, He S. Genome Mining Analysis Uncovers the Previously Unknown Biosynthetic Capacity for Secondary Metabolites in Verrucomicrobia. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024:10.1007/s10126-024-10374-0. [PMID: 39316199 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-024-10374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria of the phylum Verrucomicrobia is widely distributed in diverse ecological environments. Their limited cultivability has greatly caused the significant knowledge gap surrounding their secondary metabolites and their mediating ecological functions. This study delved into the diversity and novelty of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) of Verrucomicrobia by employing a gene-first approach to investigate 2323 genomes. A total of 7552 BGCs, which encompassed 3744 terpene, 805 polyketide, 773 non-ribosomal peptide gene clusters, and 1933 BGCs of other biosynthetic origins, were identified. They were further classified into 3887 gene cluster families (GCFs) based on biosynthetic gene similarity clustering, of which only six GCFs contained reference biosynthetic gene clusters in the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene Cluster (MIBiG), indicating the striking novelty of secondary metabolites in Verrucomicrobia. Notably, 37.8% of these gene clusters were harbored by unclassified species of Verrucomicrobia phyla, members of which were highly abundant in soil environments. Furthermore, our comprehensive analysis also revealed Luteolibacter and Methylacidiphilum as the most prolific genera in terms of BGC abundance and diversity, with the discovery of a conservative and new NRPS-PKS BGC in Luteolibacter. This work not only unveiled the biosynthetic potential and genetic diversity of secondary metabolites of Verrucomicrobia but also provided a fresh insight for the exploration of new bioactive compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Di
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Li
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingxuan Wang
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Vincent Nowak
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand
| | - Shuai Zhi
- School of Public Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meiling Jin
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shan He
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Institute of Marine Medicine, Peking University, Ningbo, 315800, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Surwase AJ, Thakur NL. Production of marine-derived bioactive peptide molecules for industrial applications: A reverse engineering approach. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 77:108449. [PMID: 39260778 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
This review examines a wide range of marine microbial-derived bioactive peptide molecules, emphasizing the significance of reverse engineering in their production. The discussion encompasses the advancements in Marine Natural Products (MNPs) bio-manufacturing through the integration of omics-driven microbial engineering and bioinformatics. The distinctive features of non-ribosomally synthesised peptides (NRPs), and ribosomally synthesised precursor peptides (RiPP) biosynthesis is elucidated and presented. Additionally, the article delves into the origins of common peptide modifications. It highlights various genome mining approaches for the targeted identification of Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (BGCs) and novel RiPP and NRPs-derived peptides. The review aims to demonstrate the advancements, prospects, and obstacles in engineering both RiPP and NRP biosynthetic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akash J Surwase
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403004, Goa, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Narsinh L Thakur
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403004, Goa, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Han EJ, Jeong M, Lee SR, Sorensen EJ, Seyedsayamdost MR. Hirocidins, Cytotoxic Metabolites from Streptomyces hiroshimensis, Induce Mitochondrion-Mediated Apoptosis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405367. [PMID: 38898540 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in whole genome sequencing have revealed an immense microbial potential for the production of therapeutic small molecules, even from well-known producers. To access this potential, we subjected prominent antimicrobial producers to alternative antiproliferative assays using persistent cancer cell lines. Described herein is our discovery of hirocidins, novel secondary metabolites from Streptomyces hiroshimensis with antiproliferative activities against colon and persistent breast cancer cells. Hirocidin A is an unusual nine-membered carbocyclic maleimide and hirocidins B and C are relatives with an unprecedented, bridged azamacrocyclic backbone. Mode of action studies show that hirocidins trigger mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis by inducing expression of the key apoptotic effector caspase-9. The discovery of new cytotoxins contributes to scaffold diversification in anticancer drug discovery and the reported modes of action and concise total synthetic route for variant A set the stage for unraveling specific targets and biochemical interactions of the hirocidins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther J Han
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Myungeun Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Seoung Rak Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea
| | - Erik J Sorensen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Mohammad R Seyedsayamdost
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang J, Li P, Di X, Lu H, Wei H, Zhi S, Fewer DP, He S, Liu L. Phylogenomic analysis uncovers an unexpected capacity for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in Pseudoalteromonas. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 279:116840. [PMID: 39244863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Pseudoalteromonas is a genus of marine bacteria and a promising source of natural products with antibacterial, antifungal, and antifouling bioactivities. To accelerate the exploration of new compounds from this genus, we applied the gene-first approach to study 632 public Pseudoalteromonas genomes. We identified 3968 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and classified them into 995 gene cluster families (GCFs). Surprisingly, only 9 GCFs (0.9 %) included an experimentally identified reference biosynthetic gene cluster from the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster database (MIBiG), suggesting a striking novelty of secondary metabolites in Pseudoalteromonas. Bioinformatic analysis of the biosynthetic diversity encoded in the identified BGCs uncovered six dominant species of this genus, P. citrea, P. flavipulchra, P. luteoviolacea, P. maricaloris, P. piscicida, and P. rubra, that encoded more than 17 BGCs on average. Moreover, each species exhibited a species-specific distribution of BGC. However, a deep analysis revealed two BGCs conserved across five of the six dominant species. These BGCS encoded an unknown lanthipeptide and the siderophore myxochelin B implying an essential role of antibiotics for Pseudoalteromonas. We chemically profiled 11 strains from the 6 dominant species and identified four new antibiotics, korormicins L-O (1-4), from P. citrea WJX-3. Our results highlight the unexplored biosynthetic potential for bioactive compounds in Pseudoalteromonas and provide an important guideline for targeting exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Wang
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Peng Li
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Xue Di
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Hongmei Lu
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Huamao Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315832, China
| | - Shuai Zhi
- School of Public Health, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - David P Fewer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Pienaari 9, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shan He
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China; Ningbo Institute of Marine Medicine, Peking University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abdelaziz R, Abd El-Hamid MI, El-Wafaei N, Ghaly MF, Askora A, El-Didamony G, AboElmaaty SA, Ismail TA, Ibrahim D, Eissa SA. Phage-resistant Streptomyces abietis and its telomycin bioactive metabolite as a possible alternative to antibiotics. Microb Pathog 2024; 194:106822. [PMID: 39047802 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant pathogens are now thought to be the primary global causes of disease and death. Therefore, it is imperative to develop new effective bioactive compounds from microbial sources, such as Streptomyces species. Nevertheless, the pharmaceutical industry suffered financial losses and low-quality end products as a result of Streptomyces bacteriophage contamination. To reduce the likelihood of phage-induced issues in the medical industry, it is crucial to develop a method for finding phage-resistant strains. Hence, we aimed to isolate and characterize Streptomyces spp. and Streptomyces phages from various rhizospheric soil samples in Egypt and to investigate their antibacterial activities. Moreover, we targeted development of a Streptomyces phage-resistant strain to extract its active metabolites and further testing its antibacterial activity. Herein, the antibacterial activities of the isolated 58 Streptomyces isolates showed that 10 (17.2 %) Streptomyces isolates had antibacterial activities against the tested bacteria including Listeria monocytogenes, E. coli O157, Acinetobacter baumannii, methicillin resistant-vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA-VISA) and Micrococcus luteus. Three lytic bacteriophages (ϕPRSC1, ϕPRSC2, and ϕPRSC4) belonging to the families Siphoviridae and Podoviridae were obtained from the rhizospheric soil samples using the most potent S. abietis isolate as the host strain. The three isolated Streptomyces phages were thermostable, ultraviolet stable, infectious, and had a wide range of hosts against the 10 tested Streptomyces isolates with antibacterial activities. The DNA of the ϕPRSC1 and ϕPRSC4 phages were resistant to digestion by EcoRI and HindIII, but the DNA of ϕPRSC2 was resistant to digestion by EcoRI and sensitive to digestion by HindIII. Of note, we developed a S. abietis strain resistant to the three isolated phages and its antibacterial activities were twice that of the wild strain. Finally, telomycin was recognized as an antibacterial metabolite extracted from phage-resistant S. abietis strain, which was potent against the tested Gram-positive bacteria including L. monocytogenes, MRSA-VISA, and M. luteus. Thus, our findings open new horizons for researching substitute antimicrobial medications for both existing and reemerging illnesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rewan Abdelaziz
- Department of Microbiology, Ain Shams University, Faculty of Science, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Marwa I Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Nahed El-Wafaei
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed F Ghaly
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Zagazig University, Faculty of Science, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Askora
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Zagazig University, Faculty of Science, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Gamal El-Didamony
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Zagazig University, Faculty of Science, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Sabah A AboElmaaty
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Banha University, Faculty of Science, Banha, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Tamer A Ismail
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Doaa Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Samar A Eissa
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine-Kafrelsheikh University, 31511, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nwobodo DC, Okoye NN, Sifir Mudkhur M, Ikem JC, Eze PM, Okoye FBC, Saki M, Esimone CO. In vitro antiplasmodial and anticancer analyses of endophytic fungal extracts isolated from selected Nigerian medicinal plants. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19765. [PMID: 39187506 PMCID: PMC11347640 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ethnomedicinal plants are thought to have better prospects of harboring endophytes that produce natural products with pharmacological activities. This study aimed to investigate the antiplasmodial and anticancer properties of secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi from three medicinal plants. The endophytic fungi included Lasiodiplodia theobromae isolated from Cola acuminata, Curvularia lunata Bv4 isolated from Bambusa vulgaris, and Curvularia lunata Eg7 isolated from Elaeis guineensis. The identification of the fungi was based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS-rDNA) sequence. The fungi were subjected to solid-state fermentation and the secondary metabolites were extracted with ethyl acetate. In vitro antiplasmodial screening of extracts was performed using the SYBR green I-based fluorescence assay on the chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain DD2. The cytotoxicity of the extracts on human red blood cells and Jurkat (leukemia) cells was assessed using the tetrazolium-based colorimetric MTT assay. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was used to identify the constituents of the fungal extracts. The extract of L. theobromae showed the best antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum (IC50 = 5.4 µg/mL) and was not harmful to erythrocytes (CC50 > 100 µg/mL). All three fungal extracts showed a weak cytotoxic effect against Jukart cell lines (CC50 > 100 µg/mL). GC-MS analysis of the three endophytic fungal extracts revealed the presence of forty major bioactive compounds, including: oxalic acid, isobutyl nonyl ester, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, and hexadecanoic acid, among others. The endophytic fungi from the medicinal plants in this study were promising sources of bioactive compounds that could be further evaluated as novel drugs for the treatment of malaria caused by P. falciparum-resistant strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Chinemerem Nwobodo
- Department of Microbiology, Renaissance University, Enugu, Nigeria.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
| | - Nkeoma Nkasi Okoye
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | | | - Joseph Chinedu Ikem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Peter Maduabuchi Eze
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Festus Basden Chiedu Okoye
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Morteza Saki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Charles Okechukwu Esimone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abdel-Monem DA, Sabry SA, Ghozlan HA, Zaghloul EH. Preparation of Novel Marine Enterococcus faecium MSD8 Exopolysaccharide Ointment and In Vivo Evaluation of Its Impact on Cutaneous Wound Healing in Male Albino Rats. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10334-z. [PMID: 39133428 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10334-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The current study describes the isolation of exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from marine samples and testing different sugar additives with different proportions for enhanced EPS yield. The isolate MSD8 showed the most potential, yielding 200 mg/L of EPS after being cultivated at 37 °C for 48 h on de Man Rogosa and Sharpe medium (MRS) supplemented with 3% sucrose. The marine isolate MSD8 was identified as Enterococcus faecium with 99.58% probability using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The obtained sequence was deposited in GenBank and assigned the accession number MW924065. The feature of MSD8-EPS was characterized by estimating the total carbohydrate content by UV-vis to be ~ 71%. The FTIR analysis further indicated the presence of characteristic bands of polysaccharide. The cytotoxicity of the produced MSD8-EPS was assessed using human skin fibroblasts (HSF). The IC50 was determined to be > 100 μg/mL, which signifies that MSD8-EPS is safe for skin application. The produced EPS was used to prepare a novel ointment, which was tested for wound healing ability in male albino rats. The ointment significantly (P ≤ 0.05) shortened the time needed for wound healing, as it successfully healed the wounds by 94.93% on the 7th day and completely (100%) healed the wound by the 12th day. In comparison, the control group was healed by 73.2% and 84.83%, respectively. The data confirm that the prepared ointment can safely be used for pharmaceutical wound care products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doaa A Abdel-Monem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Soraya A Sabry
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hanan A Ghozlan
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman H Zaghloul
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Su S, Liu M, Zhou J, Zhang J. GCGACNN: A Graph Neural Network and Random Forest for Predicting Microbe-Drug Associations. Biomolecules 2024; 14:946. [PMID: 39199334 PMCID: PMC11353181 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The interaction between microbes and drugs encompasses the sourcing of pharmaceutical compounds, microbial drug degradation, the development of drug resistance genes, and the impact of microbial communities on host drug metabolism and immune modulation. These interactions significantly impact drug efficacy and the evolution of drug resistance. In this study, we propose a novel predictive model, termed GCGACNN. We first collected microbe, disease, and drug association data from multiple databases and the relevant literature to construct three association matrices and generate similarity feature matrices using Gaussian similarity functions. These association and similarity feature matrices were then input into a multi-layer Graph Neural Network for feature extraction, followed by a two-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network for feature fusion, ultimately establishing an effective predictive framework. Experimental results demonstrate that GCGACNN outperforms existing methods in predictive performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Su
- College of Computer and Control Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Meiling Liu
- College of Computer and Control Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Jiyun Zhou
- Lieber Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;
| | - Jingfeng Zhang
- School of Computer Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Heo JI, Ryu J. Natural Products in the Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity: Exploring Therapeutic Potentials. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8461. [PMID: 39126030 PMCID: PMC11313229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vascular disorder affecting the retinas of preterm infants. This condition arises when preterm infants in incubators are exposed to high oxygen levels, leading to oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and a downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factors, which causes the loss of retinal microvascular capillaries. Upon returning to room air, the upregulation of vascular growth factors results in abnormal vascular growth of retinal endothelial cells. Without appropriate intervention, ROP can progress to blindness. The prevalence of ROP has risen, making it a significant cause of childhood blindness. Current treatments, such as laser therapy and various pharmacologic approaches, are limited by their potential for severe adverse effects. Therefore, a deeper understanding of ROP's pathophysiology and the development of innovative treatments are imperative. Natural products from plants, fungi, bacteria, and marine organisms have shown promise in treating various diseases and have gained attention in ROP research due to their minimal side effects and wide-ranging beneficial properties. This review discusses the roles and mechanisms of natural products that hold potential as therapeutic agents in ROP management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juhee Ryu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hu R, Teng X, Li Y. Unleashing plant synthetic capacity: navigating regulatory mechanisms for enhanced bioproduction and secondary metabolite discovery. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 88:103148. [PMID: 38843577 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
Plant natural products (PNPs) hold significant pharmaceutical importance. The sessile nature of plants has led to the evolution of chemical defense mechanisms over millions of years to combat environmental challenges, making it a crucial and essential defense weapon. Despite their importance, the abundance of these bioactive molecules in plants is typically low, and conventional methods are time-consuming for enhancing production. Moreover, there is a pressing need for novel drug leads, exemplified by the shortage of antibiotics and anticancer drugs. Understanding how plants respond to stress and regulate metabolism to produce these molecules presents an opportunity to explore new avenues for discovering compounds that are typically under the detection limit or not naturally produced. Additionally, this knowledge can contribute to the advancement of plant engineering, enabling the development of new chassis for the biomanufacturing of these valuable molecules. In this perspective, we explore the intricate regulation of PNP biosynthesis in plants, and discuss the biotechnology strategies that have been and can be utilized for the discovery and production enhancement of PNPs in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongbin Hu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Xiaoxuan Teng
- Program of Chemical Engineering, Department of Nanongineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yanran Li
- Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang M, Peng Z, Huang Z, Fang J, Li X, Qiu X. Functional Diversity and Engineering of the Adenylation Domains in Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:349. [PMID: 39195464 DOI: 10.3390/md22080349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonribosomal peptides (NRPs) are biosynthesized by nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) and are widely distributed in both terrestrial and marine organisms. Many NRPs and their analogs are biologically active and serve as therapeutic agents. The adenylation (A) domain is a key catalytic domain that primarily controls the sequence of a product during the assembling of NRPs and thus plays a predominant role in the structural diversity of NRPs. Engineering of the A domain to alter substrate specificity is a potential strategy for obtaining novel NRPs for pharmaceutical studies. On the basis of introducing the catalytic mechanism and multiple functions of the A domains, this article systematically describes several representative NRPS engineering strategies targeting the A domain, including mutagenesis of substrate-specificity codes, substitution of condensation-adenylation bidomains, the entire A domain or its subdomains, domain insertion, and whole-module rearrangements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Zijing Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Zhenkuai Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Jiaqi Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Xinhai Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Xiaoting Qiu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Guo Y, Cai G, Li H, Lin Z, Shi S, Jin J, Liu Z. A CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Large-Fragment Assembly Method for Cloning Genomes and Biosynthetic Gene Cluster. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1462. [PMID: 39065230 PMCID: PMC11279360 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability to clone large DNA fragments from genomes is valuable for both basic and applied research, such as the construction of synthetic genomes, and the expression of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) for natural product discovery. Here, we report a fast and efficient platform for the direct capture of genome DNAs, by combining CRISPR and Gibson assembly. We demonstrate this method with the ability of cloning large DNA fragments ranging from 30 to 77 kb from various host genomes, achieving a near 100% cloning fidelity for DNA fragments below 50 kb. We next demonstrate this method by the cloning of a 40 kb fragment from Streptomyces ceruleus A3(2), which is rich in BGCs for natural products; and used this method cloning the 40 kb fengycin synthetic gene cluster from B. subtilis 168, encoding for a class of peptides with bioactivity. This method provides efficient and simple opportunities for assembling large DNA constructs from distant sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China (S.S.)
| | - Zihe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China (S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Karadkhelkar NM, Gupta P, Barasa L, Chilamakuri R, Hlordzi CK, Acharekar N, Agarwal S, Chen ZS, Yoganathan S. Chemical Derivatization Leads to the Discovery Of Novel Analogs of Azotochelin, a Natural Siderophore, as Promising Anticancer Agents. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300715. [PMID: 38598189 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Siderophores are structurally unique medicinal natural products and exhibit considerable therapeutic potential. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of azotochelin, a natural siderophore, and an extensive library of azotochelin analogs and their anticancer properties. We modified the carboxylic acid and the aromatic ring of azotochelin using various chemical motifs. We evaluated the cytotoxicity of the compounds against six different cancer cell lines (KB-3-1, SNB-19, MCF-7, K-562, SW-620, and NCI-H460) and a non-cancerous cell line (HEK-293). Among the twenty compounds tested, the IC50 values of nine compounds (14, 32, 35-40, and 54) were between 0.7 and 2.0 μM against a lung cancer cell line (NCI-H460). Moreover, several compounds showed good cytotoxicity profile (IC50 <10 μM) against the tested cancer cell lines. The flow cytometry analysis showed that compounds 36 and 38 induced apoptosis in NCI-H460 in a dose-dependent manner. The cell cycle analysis indicated that compounds 36 and 38 significantly arrested the cell cycle at the S phase to block cancer cell proliferation in the NCI-H460 cell line. The study has produced various novel azotochelin analogs that are potentially effective anticancer agents and lead compounds for further synthetic and medicinal chemistry exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nishant M Karadkhelkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439 (S.Y.)
- Current affiliation: The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Pranav Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439 (S.Y.)
| | - Leonard Barasa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439 (S.Y.)
- Current affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605
| | - Rameswari Chilamakuri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439 (S.Y.)
| | - Christopher K Hlordzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439 (S.Y.)
| | - Nikita Acharekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439 (S.Y.)
| | - Saurabh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439 (S.Y.)
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439 (S.Y.)
| | - Sabesan Yoganathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439 (S.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cerna-Chávez E, Rodríguez-Rodríguez JF, García-Conde KB, Ochoa-Fuentes YM. Potential of Streptomyces avermitilis: A Review on Avermectin Production and Its Biocidal Effect. Metabolites 2024; 14:374. [PMID: 39057697 PMCID: PMC11278826 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14070374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolites produced by the fermentation of Streptomyces avermitilis bacterium are powerful antiparasitic agents used in animal health, agriculture and human infection treatments. Avermectin is a macrocyclic lactone with four structural components (A1, A2, B1, B2), each of them containing a major and a minor subcomponent, out of which avermectin B1a is the most effective parasitic control compound. Avermectin B1a produces two homologue avermectins (B1 and B2) that have been used in agriculture as pesticides and antiparasitic agents, since 1985. It has a great affinity with the Cl-channels of the glutamate receptor, allowing the constant flow of Cl- ions into the nerve cells, causing a phenomenon of hyperpolarization causing death by flaccid paralysis. The purpose of this work was to gather information on the production of avermectins and their biocidal effects, with special emphasis on their role in the control of pests and phytopathogenic diseases. The literature showed that S. avermitilis is an important producer of macrocyclic lactones with biocidal properties. In addition, avermectin contributes to the control of ectoparasites and endoparasites in human health care, veterinary medicine and agriculture. Importantly, avermectin is a compound that is harmless to the host (no side effects), non-target organisms and the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Cerna-Chávez
- Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Calzada Antonio Narro 1923, Saltillo 25315, Coahuila, Mexico;
| | - José Francisco Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Estudiante de Postgrado en Ciencias en Parasitología Agrícola, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonia Narro, Calzada Antonio Narro 1923, Saltillo 25315, Coahuila, Mexico;
| | - Karen Berenice García-Conde
- Estudiante de Postgrado en Ciencias en Parasitología Agrícola, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonia Narro, Calzada Antonio Narro 1923, Saltillo 25315, Coahuila, Mexico;
| | - Yisa María Ochoa-Fuentes
- Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Calzada Antonio Narro 1923, Saltillo 25315, Coahuila, Mexico;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Du Y, Han W, Hao P, Hu Y, Hu T, Zeng Y. A Genomics-Based Discovery of Secondary Metabolite Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in the Potential Novel Strain Streptomyces sp. 21So2-11 Isolated from Antarctic Soil. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1228. [PMID: 38930610 PMCID: PMC11205464 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces species are attractive sources of secondary metabolites that serve as major sources of antibiotics and other drugs. In this study, genome mining was used to determine the biosynthetic potential of Streptomyces sp. 21So2-11 isolated from Antarctic soil. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that this strain is most closely related to Streptomyces drozdowiczii NBRC 101007T, with a similarity of 98.02%. Genome comparisons based on average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) showed that strain 21So2-11 represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces. In addition to a large number of genes related to environmental adaptation and ecological function, a total of 28 putative biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) responsible for the biosynthesis of known and/or novel secondary metabolites, including terpenes, lantipeptides, polyketides, nonribosomal peptides, RiPPs and siderophores, were detected in the genome of strain 21So2-11. In addition, a total of 1456 BGCs were predicted to contribute to the biosynthesis of more than 300 secondary metabolites based on the genomes of 47 Streptomyces strains originating from polar regions. The results indicate the potential of Streptomyces sp. 21So2-11 for bioactive secondary metabolite production and are helpful for understanding bacterial adaptability and ecological function in cold terrestrial environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Du
- Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200136, China; (Y.D.); (W.H.); (P.H.); (Y.H.); (T.H.)
| | - Wei Han
- Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200136, China; (Y.D.); (W.H.); (P.H.); (Y.H.); (T.H.)
| | - Puyu Hao
- Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200136, China; (Y.D.); (W.H.); (P.H.); (Y.H.); (T.H.)
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yongqiang Hu
- Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200136, China; (Y.D.); (W.H.); (P.H.); (Y.H.); (T.H.)
| | - Ting Hu
- Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200136, China; (Y.D.); (W.H.); (P.H.); (Y.H.); (T.H.)
| | - Yinxin Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200136, China; (Y.D.); (W.H.); (P.H.); (Y.H.); (T.H.)
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Antarctic Great Wall Ecology National Observation and Research Station, Polar Research Institute of China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai 200136, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Polar Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Key Laboratory of Polar Ecosystem and Climate Change, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200030, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mishal BH, Das S, Mahajan VN, Dharne MS, Joshi RS, Giri AP. An Adsorption Based Downstream Processing Approach for Penicillin V from a Penicillium chrysogenum BIONCL I22 Culture Filtrate. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:25859-25869. [PMID: 38911711 PMCID: PMC11191097 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Penicillin V (phenoxy methyl penicillin) is highly sought after among natural penicillins because of its exceptional acid stability and effectiveness against common skin and respiratory infections. Given its wide-ranging therapeutic uses, there is a need to establish a greener method for its maximum recovery to reduce the carbon footprint. Here, we have identified and validated optimized operational conditions for resin-based penicillin V recovery. It was observed that Amberlite XAD4 had the highest penicillin V hydrophobic adsorption capacity among the other screened resins. Kinetic and isothermal studies using linear and nonlinear regression analysis showed that the adsorption process well fitted with pseudo-second-order kinetics (R 2 = 0.9816) and the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model (R 2 = 0.9871). Adsorption equilibrium was attained within 4 h, while maximum adsorption was observed at 3 mg/mL penicillin V concentration. Furthermore, the optimized extraction protocol was compared with the conventional butyl acetate-based downstream processing. Under optimum conditions resin-based penicillin V recovery was 2-fold higher as compared to the solvent extraction method and the resin could be reused for over six cycles without compromising the yield. These findings signify substantial progress toward the development of an environmentally sustainable approach for penicillin V recovery and a potentially viable method for extractive fermentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bela H. Mishal
- Biochemical
Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical
Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sancharini Das
- Biochemical
Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical
Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Vaishnavi N. Mahajan
- Biochemical
Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical
Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Mahesh S. Dharne
- Biochemical
Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical
Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rakesh S. Joshi
- Biochemical
Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical
Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ashok P. Giri
- Biochemical
Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical
Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sachdeva S, Sarethy IP. Diving into freshwater microbial metabolites: Pioneering research and future prospects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38887995 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2351153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
In practically every facet of life, especially nutrition, agriculture, and healthcare, microorganisms offer a prospective origin for abundant natural substances and products. Among these microorganisms, bacteria also possess the capability to rapidly acclimate to diverse environments, utilize varied resources, and effectively respond to environmental fluctuations, including those influenced by human activities like pollution and climate change. The ever-changing environment of freshwater bodies influences bacterial communities, offering opportunities for improving health and environmental conservation that remain unexplored. Herein, the study discusses the bacterial taxa along with specialised metabolites with antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activity that have been identified from freshwater environments, thus achieving Sustainable Development Goals addressing health and wellbeing (SDG-3), economic growth (SDG-8) along with industrial development (SDG-9). The present review is intended as a compendium for research teams working in the fields of medicinal chemistry, organic chemistry, clinical research, and natural product chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Sachdeva
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Indira P Sarethy
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mackenzie TA, Tormo JR, Cautain B, Martínez G, Sánchez I, Genilloud O, Vicente F, Ramos MC. Acoustic droplet ejection facilitates cell-based high-throughput screenings using natural products. SLAS Technol 2024; 29:100111. [PMID: 37898289 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Natural Products (NPs) are one of the main sources for drug discovery. Many clinical drugs are NPs or NP-inspired compounds, and recently discovered New Chemical Entities (NCEs) of NPs are emerging as promising new drugs. High-Throughput Screening (HTS) of large sample sets or libraries has grown to be vital for the drug discovery field. Industrial-scale HTS of NP libraries can be limited due to the difficulties entailed in working with tiny extract volumes and the variability in viscosity of NP extracts. For these reasons, the implementation of new technologies to miniaturize different reagent volumes grows to be fundamental. Since Acoustic Droplet Ejection (ADE) emerged as a helpful tool in HTS campaigns for the transference of compound libraries. The aim of this work was to test the effectiveness of ADE for the dispensation of NP extract libraries in cell-based HTS assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Mackenzie
- Fundación MEDINA, Av. Conocimiento 34, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - José R Tormo
- Fundación MEDINA, Av. Conocimiento 34, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Bastien Cautain
- Fundación MEDINA, Av. Conocimiento 34, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Germán Martínez
- Fundación MEDINA, Av. Conocimiento 34, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Sánchez
- Fundación MEDINA, Av. Conocimiento 34, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Olga Genilloud
- Fundación MEDINA, Av. Conocimiento 34, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisca Vicente
- Fundación MEDINA, Av. Conocimiento 34, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Maria C Ramos
- Fundación MEDINA, Av. Conocimiento 34, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chakarwarti J, Anand V, Nayaka S, Srivastava S. In vitro Antibacterial Activity and Secondary Metabolite Profiling of Endolichenic Fungi Isolated from Genus Parmotrema. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:195. [PMID: 38809483 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03719-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The endolichenic fungi are an unexplored group of organisms for the production of bioactive secondary metabolites. The aim of the present study is to determine the antibacterial potential of endolichenic fungi isolated from genus Parmotrema. The study is continuation of our previous work, wherein a total of 73 endolichenic fungi were isolated from the lichenized fungi, which resulted in 47 species under 23 genera. All the isolated endolichenic fungi were screened for preliminary antibacterial activity. Five endolichenic fungi-Daldinia eschscholtzii, Nemania diffusa, Preussia sp., Trichoderma sp. and Xylaria feejeensis, were selected for further antibacterial activity by disc diffusion method. The zone of inhibition ranged from 14.3 ± 0.1 to 23.2 ± 0.1. The chemical composition of the selected endolichenic fungi was analysed through GC-MS, which yielded a total of 108 compounds from all the selected five endolichenic fungi. Diethyl phthalate, 1-hexadecanol, dibutyl phthalate, n-tetracosanol-1, 1-nonadecene, pyrrol[1,2-a] pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methyl) and tetratetracontane were found to be common compounds among one or the other endolichenic fungi, which possibly were responsible for antibacterial activity. GC-MS data were further analysed through Principal Component Analysis which showed D. eschscholtzii to be with unique pattern of expression of metabolites. Compound confirmation test revealed coumaric acid to be responsible for antibacterial activity in D. eschscholtzii. So, the study proves that endolichenic fungi that inhabit lichenized fungal thalli could be a source of potential antibacterial compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsna Chakarwarti
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Lichenology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Vandana Anand
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Department of Botany, IFTM University, Moradabad, 244102, India
| | - Sanjeeva Nayaka
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
- Lichenology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India.
| | - Suchi Srivastava
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Plant Ecology and Environmental Technologies Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Giovannini M, Vieri W, Bosi E, Riccardi C, Lo Giudice A, Fani R, Fondi M, Perrin E. Functional Genomics of a Collection of Gammaproteobacteria Isolated from Antarctica. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:238. [PMID: 38921549 PMCID: PMC11205219 DOI: 10.3390/md22060238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Antarctica, one of the most extreme environments on Earth, hosts diverse microbial communities. These microbes have evolved and adapted to survive in these hostile conditions, but knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying this process remains limited. The Italian Collection of Antarctic Bacteria (Collezione Italiana Batteri Antartici (CIBAN)), managed by the University of Messina, represents a valuable repository of cold-adapted bacterial strains isolated from various Antarctic environments. In this study, we sequenced and analyzed the genomes of 58 marine Gammaproteobacteria strains from the CIBAN collection, which were isolated during Italian expeditions from 1990 to 2005. By employing genome-scale metrics, we taxonomically characterized these strains and assigned them to four distinct genera: Pseudomonas, Pseudoalteromonas, Shewanella, and Psychrobacter. Genome annotation revealed a previously untapped functional potential, including secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters and antibiotic resistance genes. Phylogenomic analyses provided evolutionary insights, while assessment of cold-shock protein presence shed light on adaptation mechanisms. Our study emphasizes the significance of CIBAN as a resource for understanding Antarctic microbial life and its biotechnological potential. The genomic data unveil new horizons for insight into bacterial existence in Antarctica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Giovannini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (M.G.); (W.V.); (C.R.); (R.F.); (M.F.)
| | - Walter Vieri
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (M.G.); (W.V.); (C.R.); (R.F.); (M.F.)
| | - Emanuele Bosi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences—DISTAV, University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, I-16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Christopher Riccardi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (M.G.); (W.V.); (C.R.); (R.F.); (M.F.)
- Quantitative and Computational Biology Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Angelina Lo Giudice
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council, (CNR.ISP), Spianata San Raineri 86, I-98122 Messina, Italy;
- Italian Collection of Antarctic Bacteria, National Antarctic Museum (CIBAN-MNA), I-98122 Messina, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, I-90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Renato Fani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (M.G.); (W.V.); (C.R.); (R.F.); (M.F.)
| | - Marco Fondi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (M.G.); (W.V.); (C.R.); (R.F.); (M.F.)
| | - Elena Perrin
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (M.G.); (W.V.); (C.R.); (R.F.); (M.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Diab MK, Mead HM, Ahmad Khedr MM, Abu-Elsaoud AM, El-Shatoury SA. Actinomycetes are a natural resource for sustainable pest control and safeguarding agriculture. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:268. [PMID: 38762847 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Actinomycetes, a diverse group of bacteria with filamentous growth characteristics, have long captivated researchers and biochemists for their prolific production of secondary metabolites. Among the myriad roles played by actinomycete secondary metabolites, their historical significance in the field of biocontrol stands out prominently. The fascinating journey begins with the discovery of antibiotics, where renowned compounds like streptomycin, tetracycline, and erythromycin revolutionized medicine and agriculture. The history of biocontrol traces its roots back to the early twentieth century, when scientists recognized the potential of naturally occurring agents to combat pests and diseases. The emergence of synthetic pesticides in the mid-twentieth century temporarily overshadowed interest in biocontrol. However, with growing environmental concerns and the realization of the negative ecological impacts of chemical pesticides, the pendulum swung back towards exploring sustainable alternatives. Beyond their historical role as antibiotics, actinomycete-produced secondary metabolites encompass a rich repertoire with biopesticide potential. The classification of these compounds based on chemical structure and mode of action is highlighted, demonstrating their versatility against both plant pathogens and insect pests. Additionally, this review provides in-depth insights into how endophytic actinomycete strains play a pivotal role in biocontrol strategies. Case studies elucidate their effectiveness in inhibiting Spodoptera spp. and nematodes through the production of bioactive compounds. By unraveling the multifunctional roles of endophytic actinomycetes, this review contributes compelling narrative knowledge to the field of sustainable agriculture, emphasizing the potential of these microbial allies in crafting effective, environmentally friendly biocontrol strategies for combating agricultural pests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Khaled Diab
- Agricultural Research Center, Pest Physiology Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Giza, 12311, Egypt.
| | - Hala Mohamed Mead
- Agricultural Research Center, Pest Physiology Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Giza, 12311, Egypt
| | - Mohamad M Ahmad Khedr
- Agricultural Research Center, Cotton Leafworm Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Giza, 12311, Egypt
| | | | - Sahar Ahmed El-Shatoury
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lazic J, Filipovic V, Pantelic L, Milovanovic J, Vojnovic S, Nikodinovic-Runic J. Late-stage diversification of bacterial natural products through biocatalysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1351583. [PMID: 38807651 PMCID: PMC11130421 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1351583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial natural products (BNPs) are very important sources of leads for drug development and chemical novelty. The possibility to perform late-stage diversification of BNPs using biocatalysis is an attractive alternative route other than total chemical synthesis or metal complexation reactions. Although biocatalysis is gaining popularity as a green chemistry methodology, a vast majority of orphan sequenced genomic data related to metabolic pathways for BNP biosynthesis and its tailoring enzymes are underexplored. In this review, we report a systematic overview of biotransformations of 21 molecules, which include derivatization by halogenation, esterification, reduction, oxidation, alkylation and nitration reactions, as well as degradation products as their sub-derivatives. These BNPs were grouped based on their biological activities into antibacterial (5), antifungal (5), anticancer (5), immunosuppressive (2) and quorum sensing modulating (4) compounds. This study summarized 73 derivatives and 16 degradation sub-derivatives originating from 12 BNPs. The highest number of biocatalytic reactions was observed for drugs that are already in clinical use: 28 reactions for the antibacterial drug vancomycin, followed by 18 reactions reported for the immunosuppressive drug rapamycin. The most common biocatalysts include oxidoreductases, transferases, lipases, isomerases and haloperoxidases. This review highlights biocatalytic routes for the late-stage diversification reactions of BNPs, which potentially help to recognize the structural optimizations of bioactive scaffolds for the generation of new biomolecules, eventually leading to drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Lazic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu J, Xue Y, Bai K, Yan F, Long X, Guo H, Yan H, Huang G, Zhou J, Tang Y. Experimental and computational study on anti-gastric cancer activity and mechanism of evodiamine derivatives. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1380304. [PMID: 38783957 PMCID: PMC11113551 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1380304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Human topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) is an important target of various anticancer compounds. The design and discovery of inhibitors targeting TOP1 are of great significance for the development of anticancer drugs. Evodiamine and thieno [2,3-d] pyridine hybrids show potential antitumor activity. Herein, the anti-gastric cancer activities of these hybrids were investigated. Methods: The inhibitory effects of different concentrations of ten evodiamine derivatives on the gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 were assessed using a methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. Compounds EVO-1 and EVO-6 strongly inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation, with inhibition rates of 81.17% ± 5.08% and 80.92% ± 2.75%, respectively. To discover the relationship between the structure and activity of these two derivatives, density functional theory was used to investigate their optimized geometries, natural population charges, frontier molecular orbitals, and molecular electrostatic potentials. To clarify their anti-gastric cancer mechanisms, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and binding free energy calculations were performed against TOP1. Results: The results demonstrated that these compounds could intercalate into the cleaved DNA-binding site to form a TOP1-DNA-ligand ternary complex, and the ligand remained secure at the cleaved DNA-binding site to form a stable ternary complex. As the binding free energy of compound EVO-1 with TOP1 (-38.33 kcal·mol-1) was lower than that of compound EVO-6 (-33.25 kcal·mol-1), compound EVO-1 could be a more potent anti-gastric cancer agent than compound EVO-6. Discussion: Thus, compound EVO-1 could be a promising anti-gastric cancer drug candidate. This study may facilitate the design and development of novel TOP1 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingying Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kaidi Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xu Long
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guozheng Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pathak S, Jeyabalan JB, Liu K, Cook P, Lange B, Kim S, Nadar R, Ward K, Watts Alexander CS, Kumar A, Dua K, Moore T, Govindasamy J, Dhanasekaran M. Assessing effects of Cannabis on various neuropathologies: A systematic review. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2024; 15:100911. [PMID: 38876946 PMCID: PMC11282377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2024.100911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural bioactives possess a wide range of chemical structures that can exert a plethora of pharmacological and toxicological actions, resulting in neuroprotection or neurotoxicity. These pharmacodynamic properties can positively or negatively impact human and animal global healthcare. Remarkably, Ayurvedic botanical Cannabis has been used worldwide by different ethnicities and religions for spiritual, commercial, recreational, nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, and medicinal purposes for centuries. Cannabis-based congeners have been approved by the United States of America's (USA) Food & Drug Administration (FDA) and other global law agencies for various therapeutic purposes. Surprisingly, the strict laws associated with possessing cannabis products have been mitigated in multiple states in the USA and across the globe for recreational use. This has consequently led to a radical escalation of exposure to cannabis-related substances of abuse. However, there is a lacuna in the literature on the acute and chronic effects of Cannabis and its congeners on various neuropathologies. Moreover, in the post-COVID era, there has been a drastic increase in the incidence and prevalence of numerous neuropathologies, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. There is an impending necessity for a safe, economically viable, multipotent, natural bioactive to prevent and treat various neuropathologies. The ayurvedic herb, Cannabis is one of the oldest botanicals known to humans and has been widely used. However, the comprehensive effect of Cannabis on various neuropathologies is not well established. Hence, this review presents effects of Cannabis on various neuropathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhrud Pathak
- Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Jeyaram Bharathi Jeyabalan
- Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA; Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Nilgiris, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, 643 001, India
| | - Keyi Liu
- Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Preston Cook
- Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Bennett Lange
- Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Shannon Kim
- Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Rishi Nadar
- Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Kiersten Ward
- Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | | | - Ashwani Kumar
- Patanjali Herbal Research Department, Patanjali Research Foundation, Haridwar, 249405, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Timothy Moore
- Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hamrick GS, Maddamsetti R, Son HI, Wilson ML, Davis HM, You L. Programming Dynamic Division of Labor Using Horizontal Gene Transfer. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:1142-1151. [PMID: 38568420 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The metabolic engineering of microbes has broad applications, including biomanufacturing, bioprocessing, and environmental remediation. The introduction of a complex, multistep pathway often imposes a substantial metabolic burden on the host cell, restraining the accumulation of productive biomass and limiting pathway efficiency. One strategy to alleviate metabolic burden is the division of labor (DOL) in which different subpopulations carry out different parts of the pathway and work together to convert a substrate into a final product. However, the maintenance of different engineered subpopulations is challenging due to competition and convoluted interstrain population dynamics. Through modeling, we show that dynamic division of labor (DDOL), which we define as the DOL between indiscrete populations capable of dynamic and reversible interchange, can overcome these limitations and enable the robust maintenance of burdensome, multistep pathways. We propose that DDOL can be mediated by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and use plasmid genomics to uncover evidence that DDOL is a strategy utilized by natural microbial communities. Our work suggests that bioengineers can harness HGT to stabilize synthetic metabolic pathways in microbial communities, enabling the development of robust engineered systems for deployment in a variety of contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grayson S Hamrick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Center for Quantitative Biodesign, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Center for Biomolecular and Tissue Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Rohan Maddamsetti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Center for Quantitative Biodesign, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Hye-In Son
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Center for Quantitative Biodesign, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Maggie L Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Center for Quantitative Biodesign, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Harris M Davis
- Center for Quantitative Biodesign, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Lingchong You
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Center for Quantitative Biodesign, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Center for Biomolecular and Tissue Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kibet S, Kimani NM, Mwanza SS, Mudalungu CM, Santos CBR, Tanga CM. Unveiling the Potential of Ent-Kaurane Diterpenoids: Multifaceted Natural Products for Drug Discovery. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:510. [PMID: 38675469 PMCID: PMC11054903 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural products hold immense potential for drug discovery, yet many remain unexplored in vast libraries and databases. In an attempt to fill this gap and meet the growing demand for effective drugs, this study delves into the promising world of ent-kaurane diterpenoids, a class of natural products with huge therapeutic potential. With a dataset of 570 ent-kaurane diterpenoids obtained from the literature, we conducted an in silico analysis, evaluating their physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological properties with a focus on their therapeutic implications. Notably, these natural compounds exhibit drug-like properties, aligning closely with those of FDA-approved drugs, indicating a high potential for drug development. The ranges of the physicochemical parameters were as follows: molecular weights-288.47 to 626.82 g/mol; number of heavy atoms-21 to 44; the number of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors-0 to 8 and 1 to 11, respectively; the number of rotatable bonds-0 to 11; fraction Csp3-0.65 to 1; and TPSA-20.23 to 189.53 Ų. Additionally, the majority of these molecules display favorable safety profiles, with only 0.70%, 1.40%, 0.70%, and 46.49% exhibiting mutagenic, tumorigenic, reproduction-enhancing, and irritant properties, respectively. Importantly, ent-kaurane diterpenoids exhibit promising biopharmaceutical properties. Their average lipophilicity is optimal for drug absorption, while over 99% are water-soluble, facilitating delivery. Further, 96.5% and 28.20% of these molecules exhibited intestinal and brain bioavailability, expanding their therapeutic reach. The predicted pharmacological activities of these compounds encompass a diverse range, including anticancer, immunosuppressant, chemoprotective, anti-hepatic, hepatoprotectant, anti-inflammation, antihyperthyroidism, and anti-hepatitis activities. This multi-targeted profile highlights ent-kaurane diterpenoids as highly promising candidates for further drug discovery endeavors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shadrack Kibet
- Department of Physical Sciences, University of Embu, Embu P.O. Box 6-60100, Kenya; (S.K.); (S.S.M.)
- International Centre of Insects Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya;
| | - Njogu M. Kimani
- Department of Physical Sciences, University of Embu, Embu P.O. Box 6-60100, Kenya; (S.K.); (S.S.M.)
- Natural Product Chemistry and Computational Drug Discovery Laboratory, Embu P.O. Box 6-60100, Kenya
| | - Syombua S. Mwanza
- Department of Physical Sciences, University of Embu, Embu P.O. Box 6-60100, Kenya; (S.K.); (S.S.M.)
- International Centre of Insects Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya;
| | - Cynthia M. Mudalungu
- International Centre of Insects Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya;
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, The Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi P.O. Box 52428-00200, Kenya
| | - Cleydson B. R. Santos
- Graduate Program in Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Modelling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68902-280, Brazil
| | - Chrysantus M. Tanga
- International Centre of Insects Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772-00100, Kenya;
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kirchner G, Carter J, Treves DS. Complete genome sequence of Bacillus pumilus F12-21, a halotolerant bacterium with antibacterial properties isolated from a Big Bone Lick State Park salt spring. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0091123. [PMID: 38501782 PMCID: PMC11008204 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00911-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacillus pumilus F12-21 is a halotolerant bacterium isolated from a sulfur-enriched salt spring. F12-21 inhibits bacteria of human health interest and bacterial salt spring co-inhabitants. We report the genome of Bacillus pumilus F12-21, with a predicted genome of 3.77 Mbp containing 3,732 protein-coding genes, 80 tRNAs, and 24 rRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen Kirchner
- Biology Program, Indiana University Southeast, New Albany, Indiana, USA
| | - Jance Carter
- Biology Program, Indiana University Southeast, New Albany, Indiana, USA
| | - David S. Treves
- Biology Program, Indiana University Southeast, New Albany, Indiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Khadem S, Marles RJ. Natural 3,4-dihydro-2(1 h)-quinolinones- Part II: animal, bacterial, and fungal sources. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38564663 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2324377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
While natural products have undoubtedly played a pivotal role in drug discovery, their potential as lead compounds has been hindered by challenges such as limited accessibility and complex synthesis processes. At the core of numerous natural and synthetic compounds, each exhibiting remarkable biological traits, lies the foundational structure of 3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone, also recognised as 2-oxo-tetrahydroquinoline (2 O-THQ). This article extensively examines the occurrence of 2 O-THQ alkaloids across diverse organisms including animals, fungi, and bacteria, exploring their capacity to serve as a source for innovative bioactive natural products. Despite the undeniable significance of these compounds, the existing body of review literature has yet to provide comprehensive coverage, underscoring the pivotal contribution of this present article in investigating their prevalence in nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Khadem
- Safe Environments Directorate, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Ottawa, Health Canada, Canada
| | - Robin J Marles
- Retired Senior Scientific Advisor, Ottawa, Health Canada, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mock MB, Summers RM. Microbial metabolism of caffeine and potential applications in bioremediation. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae080. [PMID: 38549434 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
With increasing global consumption of caffeine-rich products, such as coffee, tea, and energy drinks, there is also an increase in urban and processing waste full of residual caffeine with limited disposal options. This waste caffeine has been found to leach into the surrounding environment where it poses a threat to microorganisms, insects, small animals, and entire ecosystems. Growing interest in harnessing this environmental contaminant has led to the discovery of 79 bacterial strains, eight yeast strains, and 32 fungal strains capable of metabolizing caffeine by N-demethylation and/or C-8 oxidation. Recently observed promiscuity of caffeine-degrading enzymes in vivo has opened up the possibility of engineering bacterial strains capable of producing a wide variety of caffeine derivatives from a renewable resource. These engineered strains can be used to reduce the negative environmental impact of leached caffeine-rich waste through bioremediation efforts supplemented by our increasing understanding of new techniques such as cell immobilization. Here, we compile all of the known caffeine-degrading microbial strains, discuss their metabolism and related enzymology, and investigate their potential application in bioremediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meredith B Mock
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Box 870203, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States
| | - Ryan M Summers
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Box 870203, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wachino JI, Jin W, Norizuki C, Kimura K, Tsuji M, Kurosaki H, Arakawa Y. Hydroxyhexylitaconic acids as potent IMP-type metallo-β-lactamase inhibitors for controlling carbapenem resistance in Enterobacterales. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0234423. [PMID: 38315122 PMCID: PMC10913484 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02344-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) represent one of the main causes of carbapenem resistance in the order Enterobacterales. To combat MBL-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, the development of MBL inhibitors can restore carbapenem efficacy for such resistant bacteria. Microbial natural products are a promising source of attractive seed compounds for the development of antimicrobial agents. Here, we report that hydroxyhexylitaconic acids (HHIAs) produced by a member of the genus Aspergillus can suppress carbapenem resistance conferred by MBLs, particularly IMP (imipenemase)-type MBLs. HHIAs were found to be competitive inhibitors with micromolar orders of magnitude against IMP-1 and showed weak inhibitory activity toward VIM-2, while no inhibitory activity against NDM-1 was observed despite the high dosage. The elongated methylene chains of HHIAs seem to play a crucial role in exerting inhibitory activity because itaconic acid, a structural analog without long methylene chains, did not show inhibitory activity against IMP-1. The addition of HHIAs restored meropenem and imipenem efficacy to satisfactory clinical levels against IMP-type MBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates. Unlike EDTA and Aspergillomarasmine A, HHIAs did not cause the loss of zinc ions from the active site, resulting in the structural instability of MBLs. X-ray crystallography and in silico docking simulation analyses revealed that two neighboring carboxylates of HHIAs coordinated with two zinc ions in the active sites of VIM-2 and IMP-1, which formed a key interaction observed in MBL inhibitors. Our results indicated that HHIAs are promising for initiating the design of potent inhibitors of IMP-type MBLs.IMPORTANCEThe number and type of metallo-β-lactamase (MΒL) are increasing over time. Carbapenem resistance conferred by MΒL is a significant threat to our antibiotic regimen, and the development of MΒL inhibitors is urgently required to restore carbapenem efficacy. Microbial natural products have served as important sources for developing antimicrobial agents targeting pathogenic bacteria since the discovery of antibiotics in the mid-20th century. MΒL inhibitors derived from microbial natural products are still rare compared to those derived from chemical compound libraries. Hydroxyhexylitaconic acids (HHIAs) produced by members of the genus Aspergillus have potent inhibitory activity against clinically relevant IMP-type MBL. HHIAs may be good lead compounds for the development of MBL inhibitors applicable for controlling carbapenem resistance in IMP-type MBL-producing Enterobacterales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Wachino
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shubun University, Ichinomiya, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Bacteriology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Wanchun Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Chihiro Norizuki
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shubun University, Ichinomiya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kouji Kimura
- Department of Bacteriology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | | | | | - Yoshichika Arakawa
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shubun University, Ichinomiya, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Bacteriology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kamel M, Aleya S, Alsubih M, Aleya L. Microbiome Dynamics: A Paradigm Shift in Combatting Infectious Diseases. J Pers Med 2024; 14:217. [PMID: 38392650 PMCID: PMC10890469 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases have long posed a significant threat to global health and require constant innovation in treatment approaches. However, recent groundbreaking research has shed light on a previously overlooked player in the pathogenesis of disease-the human microbiome. This review article addresses the intricate relationship between the microbiome and infectious diseases and unravels its role as a crucial mediator of host-pathogen interactions. We explore the remarkable potential of harnessing this dynamic ecosystem to develop innovative treatment strategies that could revolutionize the management of infectious diseases. By exploring the latest advances and emerging trends, this review aims to provide a new perspective on combating infectious diseases by targeting the microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 11221, Egypt
| | - Sami Aleya
- Faculty of Medecine, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Hauts-du-Chazal, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Majed Alsubih
- Department of Civil Engineering, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Laboratoire de Chrono-Environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR CNRS 6249, La Bouloie, 25030 Besançon, France
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Neissi A, Majidi Zahed H, Roshan R. Probiotic performance of B. subtilis MS. 45 improves aquaculture of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss during acute hypoxia stress. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3720. [PMID: 38355704 PMCID: PMC10866961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54380-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to produce mutant strains of Bacillus subtilis with high probiotic performance for use in the aquaculture of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The main strain of B. subtilis (MS) was irradiated with gamma rays (5.3 KGy). Subsequently, the B. subtilis mutant strain no. 45 (MS. 45) was selected for bacterial growth performance, resistance to acidic conditions, resistance to bile salts and antibacterial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens. After 60 days, the rainbow trout (70.25 ± 3.89 g) fed with MS. 45 and MS were exposed to hypoxia stress (dissolved oxygen = 2 ppm). Subsequently, immune indices (lysozyme, bacterial activity and complement activity), hematological indices [hematocrit, hemoglobin, WBC, RBC, mean corpuscular volume (MCV)] and antioxidant factors (T-AOC, SOD and MDA)) were analyzed after and before hypoxia exposure. The expression of immunological genes (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8) in the intestine and the expression of hypoxia-related genes (HIF-1α, HIF-2α, FIH1) in the liver were compared between the different groups under hypoxia and normoxia conditions. Growth, immunological and antioxidant indices improved in group MS. 45 compared to the other groups. Stress indices and associated immunologic and hypoxia expressions under hypoxia and normoxia conditions improved in MS. 45 compared to the other groups. This resulted in improved growth, immunity and stress responses in fish fed with the microbial supplement of MS. 45 (P < 0.05) under hypoxia and normoxia conditions, (P < 0.05), resulting in a significant improvement in trout aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Neissi
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Karaj, 31465-1498, Iran.
| | - Hamed Majidi Zahed
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Karaj, 31465-1498, Iran
| | - Reza Roshan
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Karaj, 31465-1498, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cao J, Yang B, Zhang M, Yu F. Regulation of T16H subcellular localization for promoting its catalytic efficiency in yeast cells. Biotechnol Lett 2024; 46:29-35. [PMID: 37971563 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of subcellular localization on the transformation efficiency of heterologous expressed functional P450s in yeast. Microbial biotransformation offers a promising substitute for the direct extraction of natural products, but its viability in industrial applications depends on achieving high transformation efficiencies. To investigate the influence of subcellular microenvironments on the activity of heterologously expressed P450s, Catharanthus roseus tabersonine 16-hydroxylase (T16H) was chosen, and its subcellular localization was regulated by fusing organelle-localization signals. Interestingly, this manipulation had no effect on the gene expression levels of T16H, but resulted in varying conversion rates from tabersonine to 16-hydroxy tabersonine. Notably, the highest transformation efficiency was observed in yeast cells expressing peroxisome-localized T16H. Given the alkaline pH optimum for P450s, the alkaline peroxisomal lumen could be a suitable compartment for P450s reactions to achieve high transformation efficiency using yeast cells. Different organelle-localization of T16H in yeast cells resulted in varying conversion rates, suggesting that compartmentalizing the expression of target enzymes could be a viable approach to increase transformation efficiency in yeast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiancong Cao
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Bingrun Yang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Mengxia Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Fang Yu
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Herdiana Y, Sofian FF, Shamsuddin S, Rusdiana T. Towards halal pharmaceutical: Exploring alternatives to animal-based ingredients. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23624. [PMID: 38187251 PMCID: PMC10770512 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Halal is a crucial concept for Muslim consumers regarding consumed products, including pharmaceutical ingredients, which are essential in modern medicine. To address the issue of using porcine-sourced ingredients in pharmaceuticals, it is essential to search for halal alternatives derived from poultry, animal by-products from meat processing, marine sources, and plants. However, the complexity of this problem is further compounded by the rapid advances in innovation and technology, which can lead to adulteration of ingredients derived from pigs. Other challenges include the sustainability of alternative materials, management of waste or by-products practice, halal awareness, certification, government policies, religious adherence of consumers, food suppliers, marketers, and purchasing of products. The importance of halal and non-halal problems, specifically in the context of pharmaceutical materials, is still rarely discussed, including alternatives derived from poultry, animal by-products, marine sources, and plants. Due to the increasing global population, there is a growing need to increase awareness and concern among Muslim consumers for halal products, including pharmaceuticals. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the importance of halal and non-halal issues in pharmaceutical ingredients, the potential impact on the Muslim community, as well as opportunities and challenges in the search for alternative ingredients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yedi Herdiana
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
- Halal Food Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Society, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Ferry Ferdiansyah Sofian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
- Halal Food Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Society, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Shaharum Shamsuddin
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Nanobiotech Research Initiative, Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), USM, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
- USM-RIKEN Interdisciplinary Collaboration on Advanced Sciences (URICAS), 11800, USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Taofik Rusdiana
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Feng C, Zheng W, Han L, Wang JK, Zha XP, Xiao Q, He ZJ, Kang JC. AaLaeA targets AaFla1 to mediate the production of antitumor compound in Alternaria alstroemeria. J Basic Microbiol 2024; 64:68-80. [PMID: 37717245 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are an important source of novel antitumor substances. Previously, we isolated an endophytic fungus, Alternaria alstroemeria, from the medicinal plant Artemisia artemisia, whose crude extracts strongly inhibited A549 tumor cells. We obtained a transformant, namely AaLaeAOE26 , which completely loses its antitumor activity due to overexpression of the global regulator AaLaeA. Re-sequencing analysis of the genome revealed that the insertion site was in the noncoding region and did not destroy any other genes. Metabolomics analysis revealed that the level of secondary antitumor metabolic substances was significantly lower in AaLaeAOE26 compared with the wild strain, in particular flavonoids were more downregulated according to the metabolomics analysis. A further comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that a gene encoding FAD-binding domain protein (Fla1) was significantly downregulated. On the other hand, overexpression of AaFla1 led to significant enhancement of antitumor activity against A549 with a sevenfold higher inhibition ratio than the wild strain. At the same time, we also found a significant increase in the accumulation of antitumor metabolites including quercetin, gitogenin, rhodioloside, liensinine, ginsenoside Rg2 and cinobufagin. Our data suggest that the global regulator AaLaeA negatively affects the production of antitumor compounds via controlling the transcription of AaFla1 in endophytic A. alstroemeria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Can Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
- Southwest Biomedical Resources of the Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Southwest Biomedical Resources of the Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Han
- Southwest Biomedical Resources of the Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Kang Wang
- Southwest Biomedical Resources of the Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Ping Zha
- Southwest Biomedical Resources of the Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Xiao
- Southwest Biomedical Resources of the Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang-Jiang He
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
- Southwest Biomedical Resources of the Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Chuan Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
- Southwest Biomedical Resources of the Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Matias-Valiente L, Sanchez-Fernandez C, Rodriguez-Outeiriño L, Ramos MC, Díaz C, Crespo G, González-Menéndez V, Genilloud O, Reyes F, Montolio M, Hernandez-Torres F, Aranega AE. Evaluation of pro-regenerative and anti-inflammatory effects of isolecanoric acid in the muscle: Potential treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116056. [PMID: 38159372 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating degenerative disease of skeletal muscles caused by loss of dystrophin, a key protein that maintains muscle integrity, which leads to progressive muscle degeneration aggravated by chronic inflammation, muscle stem cells' (MuSCs) reduced regenerative capacity and replacement of muscle with fibroadipose tissue. Previous research has shown that pharmacological GSK-3β inhibition favors myogenic differentiation and plays an important role in modulating inflammatory processes. Isolecanoric acid (ILA) is a natural product isolated from a fungal culture displaying GSK-3β inhibitory properties. The present study aimed to investigate the proregenerative and anti-inflammatory properties of this natural compound in the DMD context. Our results showed that ILA markedly promotes myogenic differentiation of myoblasts by increasing β-Catenin signaling and boosting the myogenic potential of mouse and human stem cells. One important finding was that the GSK-3β/β-Catenin pathway is altered in dystrophic mice muscle and ILA enhances the myofiber formation of dystrophic MuSCs. Treatment with this natural compound improves muscle regeneration of dystrophic mice by, in turn, improving functional performance. Moreover, ILA ameliorates the inflammatory response in both muscle explants and the macrophages isolated from dystrophic mice to, thus, mitigate fibrosis after muscle damage. Overall, we show that ILA modulates both inflammation and muscle regeneration to, thus, contribute to improve the dystrophic phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Matias-Valiente
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain; Fundación MEDINA, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Sanchez-Fernandez
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain; Fundación MEDINA, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Granada, Spain
| | - Lara Rodriguez-Outeiriño
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain; Fundación MEDINA, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria C Ramos
- Fundación MEDINA, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Granada, Spain
| | - Caridad Díaz
- Fundación MEDINA, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Granada, Spain
| | - Gloria Crespo
- Fundación MEDINA, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Olga Genilloud
- Fundación MEDINA, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Reyes
- Fundación MEDINA, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Granada, Spain
| | - Marisol Montolio
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain; Duchenne Parent Project Spain Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Hernandez-Torres
- Fundación MEDINA, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Granada, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Amelia Eva Aranega
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain; Fundación MEDINA, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
de Menezes Souza J, de Menezes Fonseca D, Pinheiro de Souza J, Cordeiro do Nascimento L, Mendes Hughes F, Pereira Bezerra JD, Góes-Neto A, Ferreira-Silva A. Cactus Endophytic Fungi and Bioprospecting for their Enzymes and Bioactive Molecules: A Systematic Review. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301413. [PMID: 37934008 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are associated with plant health and represent a remarkable source of potential of enzymes and bioactive compounds, but the diversity of endophytes remains uncertain and poorly explored, especially in Cactaceae, one of the most species-rich families adapted to growing in arid and semi-arid regions. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review on the diversity and bioprospecting of endophytic fungi from Cactaceae. We analysed peer-reviewed articles from seven databases using PRISMA guidelines. The results showed that the Cactaceae family is a source of new taxa, but the diversity of endophytic fungi of Cactaceae is little explored, mainly the diversity among tissues and by metagenomics. Bioprospecting studies have shown that these microorganisms can be used in the production of enzymes and larvicidal and antifungal compounds. Our results are relevant as a starting point for researchers to develop studies that expand the knowledge of plant mycobiota in arid and semi-arid ecosystems, as well as comprising a remarkable source of fungal compounds with several biotechnological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeferson de Menezes Souza
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana City, 44036-900, Bahia State, Brazil
| | | | - Jaciara Pinheiro de Souza
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju City, 41100-000, Sergipe State, Brazil
| | - Luciana Cordeiro do Nascimento
- Agricultural Sciences Center, Department of Phytotechnics and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia City, 58397-000, Paraíba State, Brazil
| | - Frederic Mendes Hughes
- Conselho de Curadores das Coleções Científicas and Graduate Program in Zoology, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus City, 45662-900, Bahia State, Brazil
| | - Jadson Diogo Pereira Bezerra
- Departament of Biosciences and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia City, 74605-050, Goiás State, Brazil
| | - Aristóteles Góes-Neto
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte City, 31270-901, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - Alice Ferreira-Silva
- Agricultural Sciences Center, Department of Phytotechnics and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia City, 58397-000, Paraíba State, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lee DH, Kim YK, Son Y, Park GH, Kwon HY, Park Y, Park EJ, Lee SY, Kim HJ. Multivariate Analysis among Marker Compounds, Environmental Factors, and Fruit Quality of Schisandra chinensis at Different Locations in South Korea. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3877. [PMID: 38005775 PMCID: PMC10675420 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the correlation among the contents of marker compounds, growth characteristics, and environmental factors of Schisandra chinensis fruits across South Korea. The fruits were collected from 36 cultivation sites in 28 regions across the country. We investigated nine growth characteristics, twelve soil physicochemical properties, eight meteorological data, and three marker compounds in this study. We optimized and validated an optimized method for quantifying marker compounds using UPLC and performed correlation analysis among the contents of marker compounds, growth characteristics, and environmental factors. The UPLC-UV method for analyzing marker compounds was validated by measuring linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision, and accuracy. The marker compounds were negatively correlated with the fruit size and sugar contents, and growth characteristics were negatively correlated with some physicochemical properties of the soil. The results of this study can be used as basic data for the standard cultural practices and quality control of S. chinensis fruits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hwan Lee
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju-si 36040, Republic of Korea; (D.H.L.); (Y.-K.K.); (Y.S.); (G.H.P.); (H.-Y.K.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Young-Ki Kim
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju-si 36040, Republic of Korea; (D.H.L.); (Y.-K.K.); (Y.S.); (G.H.P.); (H.-Y.K.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Yonghwan Son
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju-si 36040, Republic of Korea; (D.H.L.); (Y.-K.K.); (Y.S.); (G.H.P.); (H.-Y.K.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Gwang Hun Park
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju-si 36040, Republic of Korea; (D.H.L.); (Y.-K.K.); (Y.S.); (G.H.P.); (H.-Y.K.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Hae-Yun Kwon
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju-si 36040, Republic of Korea; (D.H.L.); (Y.-K.K.); (Y.S.); (G.H.P.); (H.-Y.K.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Youngki Park
- Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea; (Y.P.); (E.-J.P.)
| | - Eung-Jun Park
- Department of Forest Bioresources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea; (Y.P.); (E.-J.P.)
| | - Sun-Young Lee
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju-si 36040, Republic of Korea; (D.H.L.); (Y.-K.K.); (Y.S.); (G.H.P.); (H.-Y.K.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Hyun-Jun Kim
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju-si 36040, Republic of Korea; (D.H.L.); (Y.-K.K.); (Y.S.); (G.H.P.); (H.-Y.K.); (S.-Y.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Pongkorpsakol P, Yimnual C, Satianrapapong W, Worakajit N, Kaewin S, Saetang P, Rukachaisirikul V, Muanprasat C. Discovery of Fungus-Derived Nornidulin as a Novel TMEM16A Inhibitor: A Potential Therapy to Inhibit Mucus Secretion in Asthma. J Exp Pharmacol 2023; 15:449-466. [PMID: 38026233 PMCID: PMC10657771 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s427594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inhibition of Ca2+-activated transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A) Cl- channels has been proposed to alleviate mucus secretion in asthma. In this study, we identified a novel class of TMEM16A inhibitors from natural sources in airway epithelial Calu-3 cells and determine anti-asthmatic efficacy of the most potent candidate in a mouse model of asthma. Methods For electrophysiological analyses, IL-4-primed Calu-3 cell monolayers were mounted in Ussing chamber and treated with various fungus-derived depsidones prior to the addition of UTP, ionomycin, thapsigargin, or Eact to stimulate TMEM16A Cl- current. Ca2+-induced mucus secretion in Calu-3 cell monolayers was assessed by determining MUC5AC protein remaining in the cells using immunofluorescence staining. OVA-induced female BALB/c mice was used as an animal model of asthma. After the course of induction, cellular and mucus components in bronchoalveolar lavage were analyzed. Lungs were fixed and undergone with H&E and PAS staining for the evaluation of airway inflammation and mucus production, respectively. Results The screening of fungus-derived depsidones revealed that nornidulin completely abolished the UTP-activated TMEM16A current in Calu-3 cell monolayers with the IC50 and a maximal effect being at ~0.8 µM and 10 µM, respectively. Neither cell viability nor barrier function was affected by nornidulin. Mechanistically, nornidulin (10 µM) suppressed Cl- currents induced by ionomycin (a Ca2+-specific ionophore), thapsigargin (an inhibitor of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase), and Eact (a putative TMEM16A activator) without interfering with intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) levels. These results suggest that nornidulin exerts its effect without changing [Ca2+]i, possibly through direct effect on TMEM16A. Interestingly, nornidulin (at 10 µM) reduced Ca2+-dependent mucus release in the Calu-3 cell monolayers. In addition, nornidulin (20 mg/kg) inhibited bronchoalveolar mucus secretion without impeding airway inflammation in ovalbumin-induced asthmatic mice. Discussion and Conclusion Our study revealed that nornidulin is a novel TMEM16A inhibitor that suppresses mucus secretion without compromising immunologic activity. Further development of nornidulin may provide a new remedy for asthma or other diseases associated with allergic mucus hypersecretion without causing opportunistic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pawin Pongkorpsakol
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chantapol Yimnual
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | | | - Nichakorn Worakajit
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suchada Kaewin
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Praphatsorn Saetang
- Division of Physical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Vatcharin Rukachaisirikul
- Division of Physical Science and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Muanprasat
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Miranda J, Lefin N, Beltran JF, Belén LH, Tsipa A, Farias JG, Zamorano M. Enzyme Engineering Strategies for the Bioenhancement of L-Asparaginase Used as a Biopharmaceutical. BioDrugs 2023; 37:793-811. [PMID: 37698749 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-023-00622-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, there has been a surge in the industrial production of recombinant enzymes from microorganisms due to their catalytic characteristics being highly efficient, selective, and biocompatible. L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) is an enzyme belonging to the class of amidohydrolases that catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-asparagine into L-aspartic acid and ammonia. It has been widely investigated as a biologic agent for its antineoplastic properties in treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The demand for L-ASNase is mainly met by the production of recombinant type II L-ASNase from Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi. However, the presence of immunogenic proteins in L-ASNase sourced from prokaryotes has been known to result in adverse reactions in patients undergoing treatment. As a result, efforts are being made to explore strategies that can help mitigate the immunogenicity of the drug. This review gives an overview of recent biotechnological breakthroughs in enzyme engineering techniques and technologies used to improve anti-leukemic L-ASNase, taking into account the pharmacological importance of L-ASNase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Miranda
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de la Frontera, Francisco Salazar 1145, 4811230, Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile
| | - Nicolás Lefin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de la Frontera, Francisco Salazar 1145, 4811230, Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile
| | - Jorge F Beltran
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de la Frontera, Francisco Salazar 1145, 4811230, Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile
| | - Lisandra Herrera Belén
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Argyro Tsipa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jorge G Farias
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de la Frontera, Francisco Salazar 1145, 4811230, Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile
| | - Mauricio Zamorano
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de la Frontera, Francisco Salazar 1145, 4811230, Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kammanee S, Muangham S, Butdee W, Klaysubun C, Igarashi Y, Duangmal K. Saccharopolyspora oryzae sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of the wild rice species Oryza rufipogon. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2023; 76:658-664. [PMID: 37596418 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-023-00647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
A novel actinobacterium, designated as strain WRP15-2T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of rice plant (Oryza rufipogon). The strain was Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, and non-motile. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain WRP15-2T fell into the genus Saccharopolyspora. The strain shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strains Saccharopolyspora kobensis JCM 9109T (99.1%), Saccharopolyspora indica VRC122T (98.9%), and Saccharopolyspora antimicrobica DSM 45119T (98.7%). However, the digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values among these strains confirmed that the microorganism represented a novel member of the genus Saccharopolyspora. Chemotaxonomic data revealed that strain WRP15-2T possessed MK-9(H4) as the predominant menaquinone. It contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diaminopimelic acid and arabinose, galactose, and ribose as predominant whole-cell sugars. The detected phospholipids were dominated by phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxy-phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, hydroxy-phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, and phosphatidylcholine. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16:0, C16:0, and iso-C15:0. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 69.5%. Based on these genotypic and phenotypic data, it is supported that strain WRP15-2T represents a novel species of the genus Saccharopolyspora, for which the name Saccharopolyspora oryzae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WRP15-2T ( = TBRC 15728T = NBRC 115560T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirikarn Kammanee
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Supattra Muangham
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- National Biobank of Thailand (NBT), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Waranya Butdee
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Chollachai Klaysubun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Yasuhiro Igarashi
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Kannika Duangmal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
- Biodiversity Center Kasetsart University (BDCKU), Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rodríguez
Martín-Aragón V, Trigal Martínez M, Cuadrado C, Daranas AH, Fernández Medarde A, Sánchez
López JM. OSMAC Approach and Cocultivation for the Induction of Secondary Metabolism of the Fungus Pleotrichocladium opacum. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:39873-39885. [PMID: 37901491 PMCID: PMC10601420 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The application of an OSMAC (One Strain-Many Compounds) approach on the fungus Pleotrichocladium opacum, isolated from a soil sample collected on the coast of Asturias (Spain), using different culture media, chemical elicitors, and cocultivation techniques resulted in the isolation and identification of nine new compounds (8, 9, 12, 15-18, 20, 21), along with 15 known ones (1-7, 10, 11, 14, 19, 22-25). Compounds 1-9 were detected in fungal extracts from JSA liquid fermentation, compounds 10-12 were isolated from a solid rice medium, whereas compounds 14 and 15 were isolated from a solid wheat medium. Addition of 5-azacytidine to the solid rice medium caused the accumulation of compounds 16-18, whereas adding N-acetyl-d-glucosamine triggered the production of two additional metabolites, 19 and 20. Finally, cocultivation of the fungus Pleotrichocladium opacum with Echinocatena sp. in a solid PDA medium led to the production of five additional natural products, 21-25. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by HRESIMS and 1D and 2D NMR as well as by comparison with literature data. DP4+ and mix-J-DP4 computational methods were applied to determine the relative configurations of the novel compounds, and in some cases, the absolute configurations were assigned by a comparison of the optical rotations with those of related natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mónica Trigal Martínez
- Biomar
Microbial Technologies, Parque Tecnológico de León, Parcela M-10.4,
Armunia,León 24009, Spain
| | - Cristina Cuadrado
- Instituto
de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de
Investigaciones Científicas (IPNA-CSIC), San Cristobal de La Laguna, Tenerife 38206, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernández Daranas
- Instituto
de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de
Investigaciones Científicas (IPNA-CSIC), San Cristobal de La Laguna, Tenerife 38206, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández Medarde
- Biomar
Microbial Technologies, Parque Tecnológico de León, Parcela M-10.4,
Armunia,León 24009, Spain
| | - José M. Sánchez
López
- Biomar
Microbial Technologies, Parque Tecnológico de León, Parcela M-10.4,
Armunia,León 24009, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hamrick GS, Maddamsetti R, Son HI, Wilson ML, Davis HM, You L. Programming dynamic division of labor using horizontal gene transfer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.03.560696. [PMID: 37873187 PMCID: PMC10592921 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.03.560696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic engineering of microbes has broad applications, including in biomanufacturing, bioprocessing, and environmental remediation. The introduction of a complex, multi-step pathway often imposes a substantial metabolic burden on the host cell, restraining the accumulation of productive biomass and limiting pathway efficiency. One strategy to alleviate metabolic burden is division of labor (DOL), in which different subpopulations carry out different parts of the pathway and work together to convert a substrate into a final product. However, the maintenance of different engineered subpopulations is challenging due to competition and convoluted inter-strain population dynamics. Through modeling, we show that dynamic division of labor (DDOL) mediated by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) can overcome these limitations and enable the robust maintenance of burdensome, multi-step pathways. We also use plasmid genomics to uncover evidence that DDOL is a strategy utilized by natural microbial communities. Our work suggests that bioengineers can harness HGT to stabilize synthetic metabolic pathways in microbial communities, enabling the development of robust engineered systems for deployment in a variety of contexts.
Collapse
|
46
|
Covas C, Figueiredo G, Gomes M, Santos T, Mendo S, Caetano TS. The Pangenome of Gram-Negative Environmental Bacteria Hides a Promising Biotechnological Potential. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2445. [PMID: 37894103 PMCID: PMC10609062 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolites (SMs) from environmental bacteria offer viable solutions for various health and environmental challenges. Researchers are employing advanced bioinformatic tools to investigate less-explored microorganisms and unearth novel bioactive compounds. In this research area, our understanding of SMs from environmental Gram-negative bacteria lags behind that of its Gram-positive counterparts. In this regard, Pedobacter spp. have recently gained attention, not only for their role as plant growth promoters but also for their potential in producing antimicrobials. This study focuses on the genomic analysis of Pedobacter spp. to unveil the diversity of the SMs encoded in their genomes. Among the 41 genomes analyzed, a total of 233 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) were identified, revealing the potential for the production of diverse SMs, including RiPPs (27%), terpenes (22%), hybrid SMs (17%), PKs (12%), NRPs (9%) and siderophores (6%). Overall, BGC distribution did not correlate with phylogenetic lineage and most of the BGCs showed no significant hits in the MIBiG database, emphasizing the uniqueness of the compounds that Pedobacter spp. can produce. Of all the species examined, P. cryoconitis and P. lusitanus stood out for having the highest number and diversity of BGCs. Focusing on their applicability and ecological functions, we investigated in greater detail the BGCs responsible for siderophore and terpenoid production in these species and their relatives. Our findings suggest that P. cryoconitis and P. lusitanus have the potential to produce novel mixtures of siderophores, involving bifunctional IucAC/AcD NIS synthetases, as well as carotenoids and squalene. This study highlights the biotechnological potential of Pedobacter spp. in medicine, agriculture and other industries, emphasizing the need for a continued exploration of its SMs and their applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tânia S. Caetano
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.C.); (G.F.); (S.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Thakur M, Dean SN, Caruana JC, Walper SA, Ellis GA. Bacterial Membrane Vesicles for In Vitro Catalysis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1099. [PMID: 37760201 PMCID: PMC10525882 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10091099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of biological systems in manufacturing and medical applications has seen a dramatic rise in recent years as scientists and engineers have gained a greater understanding of both the strengths and limitations of biological systems. Biomanufacturing, or the use of biology for the production of biomolecules, chemical precursors, and others, is one particular area on the rise as enzymatic systems have been shown to be highly advantageous in limiting the need for harsh chemical processes and the formation of toxic products. Unfortunately, biological production of some products can be limited due to their toxic nature or reduced reaction efficiency due to competing metabolic pathways. In nature, microbes often secrete enzymes directly into the environment or encapsulate them within membrane vesicles to allow catalysis to occur outside the cell for the purpose of environmental conditioning, nutrient acquisition, or community interactions. Of particular interest to biotechnology applications, researchers have shown that membrane vesicle encapsulation often confers improved stability, solvent tolerance, and other benefits that are highly conducive to industrial manufacturing practices. While still an emerging field, this review will provide an introduction to biocatalysis and bacterial membrane vesicles, highlight the use of vesicles in catalytic processes in nature, describe successes of engineering vesicle/enzyme systems for biocatalysis, and end with a perspective on future directions, using selected examples to illustrate these systems' potential as an enabling tool for biotechnology and biomanufacturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Thakur
- College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Scott N. Dean
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Julie C. Caruana
- American Society for Engineering Education, Washington, DC 20036, USA
| | - Scott A. Walper
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Gregory A. Ellis
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chen J, Xu Z, Liu Y, Yang F, Guan L, Yang J, Li J, Niu G, Li J, Jin L. Talaromyces sp. Ethyl Acetate Crude Extract as Potential Mosquitocide to Control Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus. Molecules 2023; 28:6642. [PMID: 37764417 PMCID: PMC10534940 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vector control is considered an effective approach to controlling diseases spread by mosquito bites. Entomopathogenic fungi are widely used in agriculture to control insect pests, and fungal metabolites can potentially be developed as effective mosquitocides. In this study, a high-throughput screening method was used to search for potential mosquitocides in the Global Fungal Extract Library (GFEL). We tested the larvicidal activity of 264 fungal ethyl acetate crude extracts against Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus. Nine fungal extracts caused moderate to high mortality rates (>50%), with two fungal extracts (58A7 and 101H12) causing a 100% mortality rate. The lethal concentrations for 50% of the population (LC50) were 44.27 mg/L and 31.90 mg/L, respectively. Fraction 14 had a high mortality rate, with an LC50 value of 12.13 mg/L, and was isolated from 58A7 (Fractions 1-11) and 101H12 (Fractions 12-15). Further analyses showed that Fraction 14 was made up of vermistatin and dihydrovermistatin. In a Cx. p. quinquefasciatus larvicidal bioassay, vermistatin (LC50 = 28.13 mg/L) was more toxic than dihydrovermistatin (LC50 = 83.87 mg/L). Our findings suggested that the active fungal extract 101H12 from Talaromyces sp. and its compound vermistatin could be developed as mosquitocides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Chen
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330929, China; (J.C.); (F.Y.); (L.G.); (J.Y.); (J.L.)
| | - Zhiyong Xu
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330929, China;
| | - Yangqing Liu
- Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang 330100, China;
| | - Feiying Yang
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330929, China; (J.C.); (F.Y.); (L.G.); (J.Y.); (J.L.)
| | - Limei Guan
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330929, China; (J.C.); (F.Y.); (L.G.); (J.Y.); (J.L.)
| | - Jian Yang
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330929, China; (J.C.); (F.Y.); (L.G.); (J.Y.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianghuai Li
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330929, China; (J.C.); (F.Y.); (L.G.); (J.Y.); (J.L.)
| | - Guodong Niu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (G.N.); (J.L.)
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (G.N.); (J.L.)
| | - Liang Jin
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330929, China; (J.C.); (F.Y.); (L.G.); (J.Y.); (J.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tsipinana S, Husseiny S, Alayande KA, Raslan M, Amoo S, Adeleke R. Contribution of endophytes towards improving plant bioactive metabolites: a rescue option against red-taping of medicinal plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1248319. [PMID: 37771494 PMCID: PMC10522919 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1248319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants remain a valuable source for natural drug bioprospecting owing to their multi-target spectrum. However, their use as raw materials for novel drug synthesis has been greatly limited by unsustainable harvesting leading to decimation of their wild populations coupled with inherent low concentrations of constituent secondary metabolites per unit mass. Thus, adding value to the medicinal plants research dynamics calls for adequate attention. In light of this, medicinal plants harbour endophytes which are believed to be contributing towards the host plant survival and bioactive metabolites through series of physiological interference. Stimulating secondary metabolite production in medicinal plants by using endophytes as plant growth regulators has been demonstrated to be one of the most effective methods for increasing metabolite syntheses. Use of endophytes as plant growth promotors could help to ensure continuous supply of medicinal plants, and mitigate issues with fear of extinction. Endophytes minimize heavy metal toxicity in medicinal plants. It has been hypothesized that when medicinal plants are exposed to harsh conditions, associated endophytes are the primary signalling channels that induce defensive reactions. Endophytes go through different biochemical processes which lead to activation of defence mechanisms in the host plants. Thus, through signal transduction pathways, endophytic microorganisms influence genes involved in the generation of secondary metabolites by plant cells. Additionally, elucidating the role of gene clusters in production of secondary metabolites could expose factors associated with low secondary metabolites by medicinal plants. Promising endophyte strains can be manipulated for enhanced production of metabolites, hence, better probability of novel bioactive metabolites through strain improvement, mutagenesis, co-cultivation, and media adjustment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sinawo Tsipinana
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Samah Husseiny
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Kazeem A. Alayande
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Mai Raslan
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Stephen Amoo
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Agricultural Research Council – Vegetables, Industrial and Medicinal Plants, Roodeplaat, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rasheed Adeleke
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Alharbi MA, Alrehaili AA, Albureikan MOI, Gharib AF, Daghistani H, Bakhuraysah MM, Aloraini GS, Bazuhair MA, Alhuthali HM, Ghareeb A. In vitro studies on the pharmacological potential, anti-tumor, antimicrobial, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of marine-derived Bacillus velezensis AG6 exopolysaccharide. RSC Adv 2023; 13:26406-26417. [PMID: 37671337 PMCID: PMC10476021 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04009g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, Bacillus velezensis AG6 was isolated from sediment samples in the Red Sea, identified by traditional microbiological techniques and phylogenetic 16S rRNA sequences. Among eight isolates screened for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, the R6 isolate was the highest producer with a significant fraction of EPS (EPSF6, 5.79 g L-1). The EPSF6 molecule was found to have a molecular weight (Mw) of 2.7 × 104 g mol-1 and a number average (Mn) of 2.6 × 104 g mol-1 when it was analyzed using GPC. The FTIR spectrum indicated no sulfate but uronic acid (43.8%). According to HPLC, the EPSF6 fraction's monosaccharides were xylose, galactose, and galacturonic acid in a molar ratio of 2.0 : 0.5 : 2.0. DPPH, H2O2, and ABTS tests assessed EPSF6's antioxidant capabilities at 100, 300, 500, 1000, and 1500 μg mL-1 for 15, 60, 45, and 60 minutes. The overall antioxidant activities were dose- and time-dependently increased, and improved by increasing concentrations from 100 to 1500 μg mL-1 after 60 minutes and found to be 91.34 ± 1.1%, 80.20 ± 1.4% and 75.28 ± 1.1% respectively. Next, EPSF6 displayed considerable inhibitory activity toward the proliferation of six cancerous cell lines. Anti-inflammatory tests were performed using lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2). An MTP turbidity assay method was applied to show the ability of EPSF6 to inhibit Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and antibiofilm formation. Together, this study sheds light on the potential pharmacological applications of a secondary metabolite produced by marine Bacillus velezensis AG6. Its expected impact on human health will increase as more research and studies are conducted globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maha A Alharbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani A Alrehaili
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University P.O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Othman I Albureikan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal F Gharib
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University P.O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam Daghistani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Regenerative Medicine Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha M Bakhuraysah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University P.O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghfren S Aloraini
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj 11942 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Bazuhair
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayaa M Alhuthali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University P.O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Ghareeb
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University Ismailia 41522 Egypt
| |
Collapse
|