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Qin X, Han H, Zhang J, Xie B, Zhang Y, Liu J, Dong W, Hu Y, Yu X, Feng Y. Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses of Soybean Protein Isolate on Monascus Pigments and Monacolin K Production. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:500. [PMID: 39057385 PMCID: PMC11277953 DOI: 10.3390/jof10070500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Monascus pigments (MPs) and monacolin K (MK) are important secondary metabolites produced by Monascus spp. This study aimed to investigate the effect of soybean protein isolate (SPI) on the biosynthesis of MPs and MK based on the analysis of physiological indicators, transcriptomes, and metabolomes. The results indicated that the growth, yellow MPs, and MK production of Monascus pilosus MS-1 were significantly enhanced by SPI, which were 8.20, 8.01, and 1.91 times higher than that of the control, respectively. The utilization of a nitrogen source, protease activity, the production and utilization of soluble protein, polypeptides, and free amino acids were also promoted by SPI. The transcriptomic analysis revealed that the genes mokA, mokB, mokC, mokD, mokE, mokI, and mokH which are involved in MK biosynthesis were significantly up-regulated by SPI. Moreover, the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, fatty acid degradation, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and amino acid metabolism were effectively up-regulated by SPI. The metabolomic analysis indicated that metabolisms of amino acid, lipid, pyruvate, TCA cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, starch and sucrose, and pentose phosphate pathway were significantly disturbed by SPI. Thus, MPs and MK production promoted by SPI were mainly attributed to the increased biomass, up-regulated gene expression level, and more precursors and energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Qin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China; (X.Q.); (H.H.); (J.Z.); (B.X.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (W.D.); (Y.H.); (X.Y.)
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Haolan Han
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China; (X.Q.); (H.H.); (J.Z.); (B.X.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (W.D.); (Y.H.); (X.Y.)
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China; (X.Q.); (H.H.); (J.Z.); (B.X.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (W.D.); (Y.H.); (X.Y.)
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Bin Xie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China; (X.Q.); (H.H.); (J.Z.); (B.X.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (W.D.); (Y.H.); (X.Y.)
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Yufan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China; (X.Q.); (H.H.); (J.Z.); (B.X.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (W.D.); (Y.H.); (X.Y.)
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China; (X.Q.); (H.H.); (J.Z.); (B.X.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (W.D.); (Y.H.); (X.Y.)
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Weiwei Dong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China; (X.Q.); (H.H.); (J.Z.); (B.X.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (W.D.); (Y.H.); (X.Y.)
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Yuanliang Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China; (X.Q.); (H.H.); (J.Z.); (B.X.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (W.D.); (Y.H.); (X.Y.)
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China; (X.Q.); (H.H.); (J.Z.); (B.X.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (W.D.); (Y.H.); (X.Y.)
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Yanli Feng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China; (X.Q.); (H.H.); (J.Z.); (B.X.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (W.D.); (Y.H.); (X.Y.)
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
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Yang F, Yang M, Si D, Sun J, Liu F, Qi Y, He S, Guo Y. UHPLC/MS-Based Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Metabolic Characteristics of Clinical Strain of Mycoplasma bovis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2602. [PMID: 37894260 PMCID: PMC10608813 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis is a global concern for the cattle industry owing to its high rates of infection and resulting morbidity, but its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Metabolic pathways and characteristics of M. bovis clinical strain were elucidated by comparing the differential expression of metabolites between M. bovis clinical strain NX114 and M. bovis international reference strain PG45. Metabolites of M. bovis in the logarithmic stage were analyzed based on the non-targeted metabolomic technology of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). We found 596 metabolites with variable expression, of which, 190 had substantial differences. Differential metabolite analysis of M. bovis NX114 showed organic acids and their derivatives, nucleosides, and nucleotide analogs as important components. We found O-Phospho-L-serine (SEP) as a potential signature metabolite and indicator of pathogenicity. The difference in nucleic acid metabolites reflects the difference in growth phenotypes between both strains of M. bovis. According to KEGG enrichment analysis, the ABC transporter synthesis route had the most differential metabolites of the first 15 differential enrichment pathways. This study reflects the species-specific differences between two strains of M. bovis and further enriches our understanding of its metabolism, paving the way for further research into its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (F.Y.); (M.Y.); (D.S.); (J.S.); (F.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Mengmeng Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (F.Y.); (M.Y.); (D.S.); (J.S.); (F.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Duoduo Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (F.Y.); (M.Y.); (D.S.); (J.S.); (F.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Jialin Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (F.Y.); (M.Y.); (D.S.); (J.S.); (F.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Fan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (F.Y.); (M.Y.); (D.S.); (J.S.); (F.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yanrong Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (F.Y.); (M.Y.); (D.S.); (J.S.); (F.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Shenghu He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China; (F.Y.); (M.Y.); (D.S.); (J.S.); (F.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yanan Guo
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China
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Shi R, Gong P, Liu Y, Luo Q, Chen W, Wang C. Linoleic acid functions as a quorum-sensing molecule in Monascus purpureus-Saccharomyces cerevisiae co-culture. Yeast 2023; 40:42-52. [PMID: 36514193 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
When Monascus purpureus was co-cultured with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we noted significant changes in the secondary metabolism and morphological development of Monascus. In yeast co-culture, although the pH was not different from that of a control, the Monascus mycelial biomass increased during fermentation, and the Monacolin K yield was significantly enhanced (up to 58.87% higher). However, pigment production did not increase. Co-culture with S. cerevisiae significantly increased the expression levels of genes related to Monacolin K production (mokA-mokI), especially mokE, mokF, and mokG. Linoleic acid, that has been implicated in playing a regulating role in the secondary metabolism and morphology of Monascus, was hypothesized to be the effector. Linoleic acid was detected in the co-culture, and its levels changed during fermentation. Addition of linoleic acid increased Monacolin K production and caused similar morphological changes in Monascus spores and mycelia. Exogenous linoleic acid also significantly upregulated the transcription levels of all nine genes involved in the biosynthesis of Monacolin K (up to 69.50% higher), consistent with the enhanced Monacolin K yield. Taken together, our results showed the effect of S. cerevisiae co-culture on M. purpureus and suggested linoleic acid as a specific quorum-sensing molecule in Saccharomyces-Monascus co-culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Shi
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, P.R. China.,Yunnan Plateau Characteristic Agricultural Industry Research Institute, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Pengfei Gong
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yutong Liu
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoqiao Luo
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, P.R. China
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