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Singh A, T V A, Singh S, Saxena AK, Nain L. Application of fungal inoculants enhances colonization of secondary bacterial degraders during in situ paddy straw degradation: a genomic insights into cross-domain synergism. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00570-2. [PMID: 39138687 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Rice cultivation generates huge amounts of on farm residues especially under mechanical harvesting. Paddy straw being recalcitrant hinders sowing of upcoming rabi crops like wheat and mustard. Non-environmental sustainable practice of on-farm burning of the paddy residues is being popularly followed for quick disposal of the agro-residues and land preparation. However, conservation agriculture involving in situ residue incorporation can be a sustainable option to utilize the residues for improvement of soil biological health. However, low temperature coupled with poor nitrogen status of soil reduces the decomposition rate of residues that may lead to nitrogen immobilization and hindrance in land preparation. In this direction, ecological impact of two approaches viz priming with urea and copiotrophic fungus-based bioformulation (CFB) consisting of Coprinopsis cinerea LA2 and Cyathus stercoreus ITCC3745 was studied for in situ degradation of residues. Succession of bacterial diversity was deciphered through high throughput whole metagenomic sequencing along with studies on dynamics of soil microbial enzymes. Treatments receiving CFB (T1) and urea (T2) when compared with bulk soil (absolute control) showed an increase in richness of the microbial diversity as compared to control straw retained treatment control (T3). The β diversity indices also indicated sufficient group variations among the treatments receiving CFB and urea as compared to only straw retained treatment and bulk soil. Priming of paddy straw with CFB and urea also induced significant rewiring of the bacterial co-occurrence networks. Quantification of soil ligno-cellulolytic activity as well as abundance of carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZy) genes indicated high activities of hydrolytic enzymes in CFB primed straw retention treatment as compared to urea primed straw retention treatment. The genomic insights on effectiveness of copiotrophic fungus bioformulation for in situ degradation of paddy straw will further help in developing strategies for management of crop residues in eco-friendly manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Singh
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, Kushmaur, UP, India
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, RRS Lucknow, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Abiraami T V
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India.
| | - Anil Kumar Saxena
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, Kushmaur, UP, India
| | - Lata Nain
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Jiang M, Zhang X, Wang K, Datsomor O, Li X, Lin M, Feng C, Zhao G, Zhan K. Effect of Slow-Release Urea Partial Replacement of Soybean Meal on Lactation Performance, Heat Shock Signal Molecules, and Rumen Fermentation in Heat-Stressed Mid-Lactation Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2771. [PMID: 37685035 PMCID: PMC10486772 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effects of partially substituting soybean meal in the diet with slow-release urea (SRU) on the lactation performance, heat shock signal molecules, and environmental sustainability of heat-stressed lactating cows in the middle stage of lactation. In this study, 30 healthy Holstein lactating dairy cattle with a similar milk yield of 22.8 ± 3.3 kg, days in milk of 191.14 ± 27.24 days, and 2.2 ± 1.5 parity were selected and randomly allocated into two groups. The constituents of the two treatments were (1) basic diet plus 500 g soybean meal (SM) for the SM group and (2) basic diet plus 100 g slow-release urea and 400 g corn silage for the SRU group. The average temperature humidity index (THI) during the experiment was 84.47, with an average THI of >78 from day 1 to day 28, indicating the cow experienced moderate heat stress conditions. Compared with the SM group, the SRU group showed decreasing body temperature and respiratory rate trends at 20:00 (p < 0.1). The substitution of SM with SRU resulted in an increasing trend in milk yield, with a significant increase of 7.36% compared to the SM group (p < 0.1). Compared to the SM group, AST, ALT, and γ-GT content levels were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Notably, the levels of HSP-70 and HSP-90α were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). The SRU group showed significantly increased acetate and isovalerate concentrations compared with the SM group (p < 0.05). The prediction results indicate that the SRU group exhibits a significant decrease in methane (CH4) emissions when producing 1 L of milk compared to the SM group (p < 0.05). In summary, dietary supplementation with SRU tended to increase the milk yield and rumen fermentation and reduce plasma heat shock molecules in mid-lactation, heat-stressed dairy cows. In the hot summer, using SRU instead of some soybean meal in the diet alleviates the heat stress of dairy cows and reduces the production of CH4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maocheng Jiang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.J.); (X.Z.); (K.W.); (O.D.); (X.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Xuelei Zhang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.J.); (X.Z.); (K.W.); (O.D.); (X.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Kexin Wang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.J.); (X.Z.); (K.W.); (O.D.); (X.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Osmond Datsomor
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.J.); (X.Z.); (K.W.); (O.D.); (X.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.J.); (X.Z.); (K.W.); (O.D.); (X.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Miao Lin
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.J.); (X.Z.); (K.W.); (O.D.); (X.L.); (G.Z.)
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chunyan Feng
- Shanghai Menon Animal Nutrition Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200000, China;
| | - Guoqi Zhao
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.J.); (X.Z.); (K.W.); (O.D.); (X.L.); (G.Z.)
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kang Zhan
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.J.); (X.Z.); (K.W.); (O.D.); (X.L.); (G.Z.)
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Stoyancheva G, Kabaivanova L, Hubenov V, Chorukova E. Metagenomic Analysis of Bacterial, Archaeal and Fungal Diversity in Two-Stage Anaerobic Biodegradation for Production of Hydrogen and Methane from Corn Steep Liquor. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1263. [PMID: 37317237 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to identify the microbial communities (bacterial, archaeal and fungal) in a two-stage system of anaerobic bioreactors for the production of hydrogen and methane from the waste substrate-corn steep liquor. Wastes from the food industry are valuable resources with potential in biotechnological production because of their high organic matter contents. In addition, the production of hydrogen and methane, volatile fatty acids, reducing sugars and cellulose content was monitored. Two-stage anaerobic biodegradation processes were performed by microbial populations in the first hydrogen generating bioreactor (working volume of 3 dm3) and in the second methane-generating reactor (working volume of 15 dm3). Cumulative hydrogen yield reached 2000 cm3 or 670 cm3/L a day, while the methane production reached a maximum quantity of 3300 cm3 or 220 cm3/L a day. Microbial consortia in anaerobic digestion systems play an essential role for process optimization and biofuel production enhancement. The obtained results showed the possibility of conducting two separate processes-the hydrogenic (hydrolysis and acidogenesis) and methanogenic (acetogenesis and methanogenesis)-as two stages of anaerobic digestion to favor energy production under controlled conditions with corn steep liquor. The diversity of microorganisms as main participants in the processes in the bioreactors of the two-stage system was followed using metagenome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The obtained metagenomic data showed that the most abundant phylum in both bacterial communities was Firmicutes-58.61% and 36.49% in bioreactors 1 and 2, respectively. Phylum Actinobacteria were found in significant quantities (22.91%) in the microbial community in Bioreactor 1, whereas in Bioreactor 2, they were 2.1%. Bacteroidetes are present in both bioreactors. Phylum Euryarchaeota made up 0.4% of the contents in the first bioreactor and 11.4% in the second. As the dominant genera among methanogenic archaea are Methanothrix (8.03%) and Methanosarcina (3.39%), the main fungal representatives were Saccharomyces cerevisiae. New knowledge of anaerobic digestion mediated by novel microbial consortia could be widely used to convert different wastes to green energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Stoyancheva
- Department of General Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lyudmila Kabaivanova
- Department of Biotechnology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Venelin Hubenov
- Department of Biotechnology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elena Chorukova
- Department of Biotechnology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Bioinformatics and Mathematical Modelling, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 105, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Fu ZH, Liu J, Zhong LB, Huang H, Zhu P, Wang CX, Bai XP. Screening of cellulose-degrading yeast and evaluation of its potential for degradation of coconut oil cake. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:996930. [PMID: 36274747 PMCID: PMC9583666 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.996930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coconut oil cake (COC), a byproduct of oil extraction, contains high levels of cellulose. The aim of this study was to isolate a cellulose-degrading yeast from rotten dahlia that can effectively use COC as the only carbon source for cellulase secretion. Based on screening, Meyerozyma guillermondii CBS 2030 (M. guillermondii) was identified as a potential candidate, with the highest cellulolytic activity among the yeast strains isolated, with the carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) activity reaching 102.96 U/mL on day 5. The cellulose in COC samples was evaluated before and after degradation by M. guillermondii. Analysis based on field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed that the COC structure was changed significantly during the treatment, indicating effective hydrolysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the modified functional groups indicated successful depolymerization of coconut cake. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and analysis of color differences established effective degradation of COC by M. guillermondii. The results demonstrate that M. guillermondii effectively secretes CMCase and degrades cellulose, which has important practical significance in COC degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xin-peng Bai
- Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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